Mariano Álvarez
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Mariano Alvarez | |
| Born | March 15, 1818 Noveleta, Cavite, Philippines |
|---|---|
| Died | August 25, 1924 (aged 106)Cavite, Philippines |
| Occupation | teacher, general |
| Known for | General of the Philippine Revolution |
Mariano Álvarez (March 15, 1818 – August 25, 1924)[1][2][3] was Filipino general and politician. An ally of Andres Bonifacio, he was designated Second Supremo of the Katipunan during the Philippine Revolution.
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[edit] Pre-war life
Alvarez was born in Noveleta, Cavite. He received formal schooling at the San Jose College in Manila, and obtained a teacher's diploma.[1][2] He returned to Cavite and worked as a schoolteacher in Naic and Maragondon. He was married to Nicolasa Virata in 1863.
In 1871, he was incarcerated and tortured by the Spanish authorities after insulting a Spanish soldier.[1] The following year, he was accused of involvement in the Cavite Mutiny and was haled to Manila in chains for detention.[1][2] Upon his eventual release, he returned to Noveleta, and in 1881, was elected capitan municipal, a position he held until the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution in 1896.[1]
[edit] Revolutionary general
Alvarez had been an active member of the Katipunan, the anti-Spanish secret society founded by Andres Bonifacio in 1895. In early 1896, Álvarez was elected president of the Magdiwang faction. He helped facilitate growing membership of the Katipunan in Cavite.[1][2] When the revolution burst in 1896, he led Filipino forces in several battles against the Spanish army in Cavite. His efforts helped liberate most towns in Cavite from Spanish control within weeks from the start of the revolt.[1]
In December of 1896, Bonifacio designated Álvarez as a general and the Second Supremo of the Katipunan, effectively the second-in-command of the group.[1][2]
After losing an internal power struggle with Emilio Aguinaldo for command of the revolutionary forces, Bonifacio was executed in 1897. Alvarez was aggrieved by Bonifacio's death, and refused to join the forces of Aguinaldo, who had retreated to Biak-na-Bato in Bulacan.[1][2]
[edit] Later life
The United States of America soon gained control over the Philippines following the Spanish-American War and the Philippine-American War. Alvarez affiliated himself with the pro-independence Nacionalista Party and was among the signers of the party's constitution.[1] He won election as municipal president of Noveleta.
Alvarez joined the nationalist-oriented Philippine Independent Church founded by Isabelo de los Reyes and Gregorio Aglipay in 1902. He retired to his farm following his term as municipal president, and died on August 25, 1924 from chronic rheumatism at the age of 106. [1]
The municipality of Gen. Mariano Alvarez, Cavite, established in 1981, was named after General Alvarez.
[edit] Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Mariano M. Alvarez. Kapampangan Homepage. Retrieved on 2008-01-08.
- ^ a b c d e f Reyes, Joel M.; Perez, Rodolfo III. An Online Guide About the Philippine History: Mariano M. Alvarez. Retrieved on 2008-01-08.
- ^ Dates of birth and death confirmed by Alvarez's great-grandaughter, Eloisa B. Lucas. See Amazon.com: Mamma and Me:Books:Eloisa B. Lucas. Retrieved on 2008-01-08.
[edit] References
- Mariano M. Alvarez. Retrieved on 2008-01-08.
- Reyes, Joel M.; Perez, Rodolfo III. An Online Guide About the Philippine History: Mariano M. Alvarez. Retrieved on 2008-01-08.
