Marian Spore Bush
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Marion Spore Bush (October 22, 1878 - February 24, 1946) left her successful Michigan dental practice for a studio in Greenwich Village, New York City, and became a self-taught painter in the 1920s. She claimed her large surrealistic works were inspired by long-dead artists who were communicating with her from "beyond the veil." Her predictions of the future, her unusual artwork, her work with the poor in New York City's Bowery, and her eventual marriage to Irving T. Bush incited much interest in the national press.
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[edit] Early Life and career
Marian Spore Bush was born Flora May Spore in Bay City, Michigan, on October 22, 1878, to Melvin and Helen Miller Spore. She attended Western High School in Bay City and went on to Ann Arbor to graduate from the University of Michigan College of Dentistry in 1900. Flora opened a dental office in Bay City in 1901 and became the first female dentist in Bay County. She was widely appreciated “for her progressive and excellent work in the day when she fabricated inlays, crowns, bridgework, and dental plates in her own laboratory. She was also a pioneer in the field of periodontal dentistry.” [1]
According to her sister Belle Tunison, “although a woman of varied interests, Mrs. Bush never had the slightest inclination towards art--either theoretically or in practice--until after the death of her mother, Mrs. M. L. Spore, in 1919. She gave up her dental practice then and went to Guam to spend six months with her brother, the late Lieut. Comm. James S. Spore, who was governor general at that time and there she began her first painting.” [2] After some further travels abroad, she settled in New York City and rented a studio in Greenwich Village.
[edit] Spiritualism and Painting
As Flora Marian Spore, “she became well-known for a new and unusual technique, sometimes using paint so thick it seemed as much sculpture as painting. Brilliant color, power, and an unquestioned sense of design of a new and mystic school brought her work to the attention of art critics who reviewed her paintings with interest and favor.”[1]
Flora Marian was “an early participant in an exploration of the field of extrasensory perception in collaboration with Dr. Walter Prince of the Boston Psychic Society. She believed firmly in life after life and the ability of the dead to communicate with the living through mental means. She felt that her painting was inspired and her art guided by artists long dead,”[1] perhaps originally introduced to her through the spirit of her deceased mother. Yet she also insisted that she was not a spiritualist or a medium, nor did she believe in physical manifestations from “the other side of the veil.”
Harry Houdini, an arch-enemy of spiritualists, was fascinated by her artwork. In 1924, Houdini's remarks about her paintings were printed in the New York Sun: “It is a great exhibition. I am certain of Miss Spore’s honesty. I have never excluded the possibility of supernatural intervention from my belief. I have been engaged in the exposure of criminal fakers… there is no question of that here. Miss Spore has something beautiful and is conveying it to her fellow men.” [3].
Flora Marian Spore’s paintings were exhibited in the most conservative and prestigious art galleries of New York City: Knoedler’s, Wildenstein’s, Grand Central Galleries [4] and also the Fine Arts Gallery of London, "where art critics, society reporters, and psychiatrists, as well as crowds of the general public, flocked to see them."[1] She received much publicity from both the mainstream press and sensationalist tabloids, which printed such articles as “Mystic voices led her to romance, fame and wealth”[5] and “Pictures my mother sends me from beyond the grave.”[6]
[edit] Later Life and Work
In the late 1920’s, having dropped the name Flora, Marian “started a breadline in the Bowery. First with her own money and then with the financial assistance of other benefactors, she personally dispensed such things as meal tickets, clothing, spectacles, false teeth, and wheelchairs." [1] She became known to the press as Lady Bountiful of the Bowery.[7] While engaged in this work she met Irving T. Bush, founder and president of Bush Terminal Company in New York City, and Bush House in London. They were married in Reno on June 9, 1930, an hour after Bush’s divorce from his second wife became final.[8] Shortly afterwards, Marian closed her soup kitchen, feeling that other relief agencies could handle the work more efficiently.
Henceforth, Marian Bush split her life between acting the society hostess and being a practicing artist. In “symbolism and mood her paintings seemed to forecast world events and conditions. Early in the 1930’s, her art took an entirely new trend. Up to this time her palette had been extraordinarily vivid. Now she seemed impelled to paint huge stark canvases in black and white, all of war or presaging war.”[9] One example, entitled "New York City: When?" shows two airplanes and burning buildings amidst the skyscrapers of New York.
Edward Alden Jewell, art critic for the New York Times, said of her 1943 New York exhibition, “I should be inclined to refer to her work in this field as that of a primitive mystic. The large black and white canvases seem at once crude and powerful….All the war paintings are symbolic in nature. Their impact is sharp and disturbing. If accepted as manifestations of psychic phenomena, they are mysterious.”[4][10]
There was one exception to the trend of her later work. In 1942, Marian produced a series of small paintings of scenes from the island of Guam, where she stayed in the early 1920s while visiting her brother. The New York Times' art critic described these canvases as "high in key" and observed they "involve extensive use of impasto." According to an art gallery newsletter, "these Guam paintings are delightful primitives, very colorful and full of the movement of the sea and palm trees.” [9]
[edit] Writings and Legacy
Marian wrote a semi-autobiographical book about her spirit paintings, entitled They, which was published posthumously in 1947 by the Beechhurst Press of New York. She also wrote numerous children’s stories which have never been published.
After Marian S. Bush’s death in New York on Feb. 24, 1946, a large retrospective exhibition of her work was organized in New York City. Most of her works have not been seen in public since this exhibition more than 60 years ago. Most of her early paintings were sold to patrons, and many of her important works are still owned by her descendants.
In her obituary, the New York Times reprinted the statement of Dr. Walter Franklin Prince, "for many years research and executive officer of the Society for Psychical Research, [who] has said of Mrs. Bush, ‘She represents an very unusual and remarkable phenomena, at least part of which is quite beyond explanation by our present science. Her honesty and general character are beyond doubt...that she is able to state facts probably unknown to her to a degree beyond the limits of chance has been absolutely proved by me. Here is a remarkable and perplexing case.’” [11][12]
[edit] References
- ^ a b c d e Marian Neumeyer, in Women of Bay County, 1808-1980, ed. by Jean Totten Musinski Rezmer (Bay City, Mich: Museum of the Great Lakes, 1980), p. 24
- ^ “Dream Pictures Cause Flurry of Interest,” Bay City Times, April 24, 1938
- ^ Houdini's 1924 New York Sun quote was reprinted on Oct. 30, 1927 in the Boston Sunday Post Feature Section article, "Ghosts guide her hand when she paints," by Uthai Vincent Wilcox. For the gallery opening itself: “Spirit Paintings Shown,” New York Times, Dec. 3, 1924, p. 23:6
- ^ a b Edward Alden Jewell, "Mrs. Irving T. Bush To Open Exhibition," New York Times, May 19, 1943, pg. 28
- ^ New York Evening Graphic, Magazine Section, April 26, 1930, p. 4-M
- ^ The American Weekly, July 23, 1943, p.16
- ^ “New Lady Bountiful Aiding the Bowery,” New York Times, Feb 21, 1930, p. 21:6; “Lady Bountiful Continues Her Aid,” New York Times, Feb. 25, 1930, p. 18:3; “Miss Spore to Continue Bread Line," New York Times, Feb. 27, 1930, p. 4:5
- ^ “Irving T. Bush Weds Miss Marian Spore in Reno One Hour After His Wife Gets Divorce Decree," New York Times, June 10, 1930, p. 1:6; "Milestones," Time, Monday, Jun. 16, 1930
- ^ a b Grand Central Art Galleries, "News", July 1947
- ^ obituary, New York Herald Tribune, Feb. 25, 1946, p. 14
- ^ obituary ("Mrs. Irving Bush, Unusual Artist"), New York Times, Feb. 25, 1946, p. 19
- ^ Additional sources: “Psychic Paintings Shown," New York Times, Oct. 28, 1927, p. 23:3; “Mrs. Bush’s Mystic Paintings Draw Throngs," Art Digest, Feb. 15, 1933, p. 8; “Subconscious Art,” Newsweek, Feb. 14, 1938, p. 24; “Mrs. Bush and They," Newsweek, May 31, 1943, p. 73
[edit] External links
“Prophetess,” Time, v. XLI n.23, June 7, 1943, p. 71-2
