Marhasi

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Marhaši (Mar-ḫa-ši^KI 𒈥𒄩𒅆𒆠, Marhashi, Marhasi, Parhasi, Barhasi; in earlier sources Waraḫše) was a 3rd millennium BC polity situated east of Elam, on the Iranian plateau. It is known from Mesopotamian sources, and its precise location has not been identified. An inscription of Lugal-Anne-Mundu of Adab locates it, along with Elam, to the south of Gutium. Lugal-Anne-Mundu also recorded that he confronted their king, Migir-Enlil of Warahshe.

It is known that the Awan kings of Elam were in conflict with a Sumerian ruler's attempt to seize the market at Warakshe, a kingdom further east of Elam on the Iranian plateau, rich in luxury products of all types, especially precious stones. During the Akkadian Empire, Warakshe was conquered by Sargon the Great, and king Sidgau of Warakshe, along with Luh-ishan of Awan, rebelled unsuccessfully against Rimush, while Hishep-ratep of Awan in alliance with Warakshe was defeated by Naram-Sin.

King Shulgi of the Ur-III dynasty gave his daughter Nialimmidashu in marriage to king Libanukshabash of Marhashi in his 26th year, in an attempt to forge an alliance, but this was to prove short-lived, for Shulgi's successor Amar-Sin records having to campaign against their new king, Arwilukpi.

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[edit] Literature

Potts, D. T., Total prestation in Marhashi-Ur relations, Iranica Antiqua 37 (2002).
Olmstead, A. T., The Babylonian Empire, The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures (1919), p. 72.
Michael Witzel, Substrate Languages in Old Indo-Aryan; 1.9. The Southern Indus language: Meluhhan, EJVS 5 (1999)[1].
Bertrand Lafont, The Toponym Ligri^ki, Cuneiform Digital Library Bulletin (2002)[2]