Margherita Sarfatti
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Margherita Sarfatti (April 8, 1880 — October 30, 1961) was an Italian journalist, art critic, patron, collector, socialite, and one of Benito Mussolini's mistresses.
Born Margherita Grassini, the daughter of a wealthy Jewish lawyer, she grew up in a palazzo situated at the Canale Grande in Venice and was educated by private tutors. However, she was soon attracted by socialist ideas and escaped her parents' home at age 18 by marrying Cesare Sarfatti, a lawyer from Padua many years her senior. In 1902 the couple moved to Milan.
In 1911 Margherita Sarfatti met, and started an affair with, Benito Mussolini. As a highly educated and intellectual woman, she played a significant role in the rise of fascism, only to be discarded when her lover turned to anti-Semitism, unable to credit a Jewish woman as his collaborator in the forging of a new, revolutionary ideology. In 1938, Sarfatti left Italy for Argentina. After the war, in 1947, Sarfatti returned to her home country and once again became an influential force in Italian art.
Fascism was not inherently anti-Semitic, but when Mussolini's conquest of Abyssinia drew opprobrium from the League of Nations, he found solace only from Hitler and the like-minded. To curry favour with Hitler, the race laws were passed in 1938 and Sarfatti necessarily had to leave Mussolini's bed.
Actress Susan Sarandon portrayed Sarfatti in the 1999 movie Cradle Will Rock which was written and directed by Sarandon's longtime companion, Tim Robbins. Sarandon discussed her role, saying:
- Margherita is someone who is a legitimate historical figure. She really existed. She really was Mussolini's mistress and was very involved in the cultural shaping of Italy's art movements. She was a patron of new painters in Italy. She came over to the United States to sell Mussolini to the American people, and she did that by using Hearst's column. She wrote a column, and that was how they prepared the United States people for the concept of entering the war on the side of Mussolini, I suppose. And also she was trying to fund the war. And the complication of this was the fact that she was Jewish, and she in fact was facilitating her own crisis, which eventually would make her flee the country and live in Argentina, I believe, for a number of years before it was safe for her to go back. Whether or not she was just in complete denial or she really truly believed that there was a way to sleep with Mussolini and not be held accountable, I don't know. But she ended up in an awkward position. She was hobnobbing with all these rich American people. I think in the context of the film, she's somebody who has a job to do and because she loved art, she sometimes finds herself to be giving all this art away to people she feels don't really appreciate it.
[edit] Further reading
- Cannistraro, Philip, and Brian R. Sullivan. Il Duce's Other Woman: The Untold Story of Margherita Sarfatti, Mussolini's Jewish Mistress, 1993. ISBN 0-688-06299-7
- Urso, Simona. Margherita Sarfatti. Dal mito del Dux al mito americano, 2003. ISBN 88-317-8342-4
- Wieland, Karin. Die Geliebte des Duce. Das Leben der Margherita Sarfatti und die Erfindung des Faschismus, 2004. ISBN 3-446-20484-9
- Sarfatti,Margherita and Mussolini,Benito."The Life of Benito Mussolini.",1925; 2004.ISBN 1-4179-3962-1
