Marehan

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Marehan (Mareexaan)
Total population

2,000,000 to 2,500,000 (1950s est.) [1]
Regions with significant populations
Flag of Somalia Somalia[2]
Flag of Ethiopia Ethiopia[2]
Flag of Yemen Yemen[2]
Flag of Kenya Kenya[2]
Flag of the United Kingdom Great Britain[2]
Flag of the United States United States[2]
Languages
Somali and Arabic
Religion
Islam (Sunni)
Related ethnic groups

Mehri, Facaayo Sade, Sade (clan) and other Darod groups.

The Marehan (Somali: Mareexaan) (Arabic :مريحان, "Marehan bin Ahmed bin Abdirahman bin Is'mail bin Ibrahim al Jaberti"), a Somali clan, is one of the major Darod subclans and part of the Sade clan family . The majority of the Marehan live in Jubbada Hoose, Gedo and Jubbada Hoose Regions (gobolka) in southwest Somalia; the Galguduud and Mudug Regions in central Somalia; the Ogaden; and northeast Kenya.

Contents

[edit] Marehan Sultanate

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Between the 17th and 18th centuries, the Marehan Sultanate was an important sultanate which extended from Bender Ziyade on the Gulf of Aden to beyond Ras el-Khail on the Indian Ocean[3], or much of Northern Somalia. They were recorded as having played a major role in Imam Ahmed Gurey's campaigns against Ethiopia. During the 16th century, the Marehan forces played an important part of Imam Ahmad Gurey's campaigns against the Ethiopians. The Commander of the Somali forces and the closest deputy of the Imam was a Marehan commander, Garad Ahmed bin Hirabu. The Marehan helped push westward into the plains of Jijiga and farther, playing an important part against the highland Christian empire. Evident in these battles were the Somali archers, namely the Marehan and the Gerri archers, through whom the Imam was able to defeat the numerically superior Ethiopian Army that consisted of 16,000 cavalry and more than 200,000 infantry.[4].

Nearing the 19th century, the Marehan sultanate declined and withdrew from the Nugaal area and became confined to the Sool and Sanaag regions.[5] The Marehan were also the allies of the Somali hero Sayyid Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, and fought against the British. In a boast of the Sayyid, he declares his power and reach is such that he can climb even the highest trees that exist; the trees of the Marehan. This is meant to signify that the Sayyid is so powerful that he even has the support of the powerful Marehan and only they, out of the rest of the Somalis, can aptly describe the reach of the Sayyid's power. As early as 1850, the Marehan were recorded moving into Jubaland. It was recorded that, "To the east the Somalis were once more on the move. By 1850, one of the Darod Somali groups, the Marehan crossed the Juba in force. In 1865 they went on to break the Tana Galla [sic] and by 1880 had turned on the Boran. Pagan peoples in this region were now being dominated by Muslims, and peasants by nomads from the north." [6]

[edit] Myrrh

According to some authorities, the term 'Myrrh' might have been derived from the Somali tribe Marehan (Murryhan - Mareexaan). According to Encyclopedia: The Earth and Its Inhabitants: The Universal Geography: "On the hills and uplands the prevailing forms are gum-yielding acacias, mimosas, cuphorbias, and the aromatic growths from which are obtained by the frankincense and myrrh of commerce, and for which the region, like the opposite coast of Arabia, has always been famous. Some authorities have even derived the word myrrh itself from the Marehan (properly Murreyhan) tribe, in whose territory it is obtained in the greatest perfection." [7]

[edit] Major subclans

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Please help improve this list. It may be poorly defined, unverified or indiscriminate. (May 2008)

There is no clear agreement on the clan and sub-clan structures. The divisions and subdivisions as here given are partial and simplified. Many lineages are omitted. For a comparison of different views on the clan-lineage-structures see the World Bank's Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics.[8]

  • Hawrarsame
    • Yusof or Reer Iidow
      • Reer Dhoore
      • Reer Dhiblawe
      • Reer Kulow
    • Aadan Saleban
      • Baha Farah
      • Reer Madobe Nahar
        • Reer Sharmake Madobe
        • Reer Magan Madobe
        • Reer Samatar Madobe
        • Reer Farah Madobe
      • Reer Jamac Nahar
      • Reer Xildid Nahar
      • Reer Kibiya Nahar
      • Reer Bisin Nahar
      • Reer Cilmi Nahar
      • Reer Guuled Nahar
    • Mahmud Saleban
      • Reer Cadaawa
      • Reer Cigal
      • Reer Afgadud
      • Reer Hagar
      • Reer Cabdalle
      • Reer Ooman
  • Wagardhac
    • Omar Dheer
    • Reer Gadiid
      • Reer Cismaan Gadiid
        • Reer Cali Cismaan
          • Cilmi Cali
          • Cabdulle Cali
          • Faarax Cali
          • Warfaa Cali
          • Waalid Cali
          • Max'ed Cali
        • Reer Axmed Cismaan (Axmed Yey)
        • Reer Gurey Cismaan
      • Reer Liibaan Gad. (Baho Group)
      • Reer Max'ed Gad. (Baho Group)
      • Reer Rooble Gad. (Baho Group)
      • Reer Kooshin Gad. (Baho Group)
      • Reer Faarax Gad. (Baho Group)
      • Reer Shuuriye Gad. (Baho Group)
    • Reer Allamagan
    • Reer Bahal
    • Reer Caraaye
    • Reer Wardheere
      • Waalid Wardheere
      • Xaryan Waalid
      • Cali Waalid
      • Cabdi Waalid
      • Cilmi Waalid
      • Jaamac Waalid
      • Bihna Afrax
      • Faarax Wardheere
      • Kooshin Wardheere
      • Gaadaale Wardheere (Reer Cali-Dhoore)
    • Reer Afweyne
    • Reer Ciise
    • Sirrig
    • Reer Rooble
    • Reer Faatax
    • Reer Faahiye
    • Reer Kheyr
    • Reer Siyaad Liibaan
    • Rubeeco (Reer Diini)
  • Reer Faarax Ugaas
    • Reer Xirsi Faarax
    • Reer Rooble Faarax
    • Reer Guleed Faarax
    • Reer Samatar Faarax
    • Reer Diini Faarax
      • Bah Darandoole
      • Bah Xawaadle
        • Reer Warsame
        • Reer Siyaad
          • Reer Cigaal Siyaad
          • Reer Cabdille Siyaad
          • Reer Maxamed Siyaad
          • Reer Cismaan Siyaad
          • Reer Shirwac Siyaad
          • Reer Ciroobe Siyaad
          • Reer Faarax Siyaad
          • Reer Cilmi Siyaad
        • Reer Ugas Sharmake
      • Bah Ogaadeen
        • Reer Dalal
          • Reer Warfaa Dalal
          • Reer Alamagan Dalal
          • Reer Ali Dalal
          • Reer Warsame Dalal
          • Reer Kooshin Dalal
        • Reer Hirsi
        • Reer Guuleed Maxamuud
  • Habar Isse
    • Reer Ahmed
    • Abdalle
  • Siyad Husein
    • Reer Farax Siyad
    • Reer Cigaal Siyaad
  • Ali Hussein
  • Celi
    • Reer Gacal
    • Reer Qumane
    • Reer Fiqi Yusuf
      • Reer Isaxaq Fiqi
      • Reer Ibrahim Fiqi
      • Reer Xaji Fiqi
      • Reer Abdirixman Fiqi
      • Reer Ciise Fiqi
    • Reer Gurey
    • Reer Adan Roob
    • Reer Muuse
    • Reer Aadan sharmaarke
    • Reer Baraale
  • Bah-Abaskul
  • Ali-Dhere
    • Reer Muumin
    • Reer Omar Rooble
    • Reer Ziyad Diini
    • Reer Qawl-Lehe
    • Dhaban Cade
    • Reer Samakaab
    • Reer Liibaan
    • Bah Sacad
    • Aadan Buraale
    • Reer Sheikh Samatar
      • Mubarak
      • Haji Sheikh
      • Sharmarke Sheikh
      • Hassan Sheikh
      • Mohamed Sheikh
      • Adan Sheikh
      • Masale Sheikh
      • Ahmed Sheikh
      • Mahad Sheikh
  • Talhe
    • Cumar
    • Max'ed
  • Reer Hassan
    • Reer Yusuf
    • Waq Maashe
    • Ibrahim
  • Soonfure
  • Reer Garaad
    • Ahmed
      • Nasir
      • Guled
      • Wacays
      • Sharawe
      • Kamac
      • Xariiro
      • Khalaf
      • Shirwac
  • Reer Cusmaan
    • Reer Idiris
      • Reer Sadiiq
    • Reer Akoon
    • Reer Saleeban
  • Yosef Mohamed
  • Ina Nuur
  • Reer Ahmed Husein
    • Reer Samatar
    • Reer Bale
  • Uurmidig
  • Hirabe Mataan
  • Fiqi Yaqcub
  • Reer Cisman

[edit] Political organizations


[edit] Prominent figures

  • Siad Barre, the Head of State of Somalia from 1969 to 1991.
  • Barre Adan Shire Hiiraale, Minister of Defense of the Somali Transitional Federal Government (2006-2007), Chairman of Jubba Valley Alliance (1999-2006)
  • Nur ibn Mujahid, Second Conquerer of Ethiopia and the Patron Saint of Harar
  • General Mohamed Hashi Gani, Military Commander Of North Somalia
  • Cornel Abdiasis Mohamed Ugas, Commander of 77 Mogadishu Region
  • General Abdiasis Ali Barre, Military Commander of South Somalia
  • Ahmed Farah Ali 'Idaja', one of the first Somali language writers and 'father' of the Somali written folklore
  • Abdulrahman Jama Barre, Somali Foreign Minister and close relative of Siad Barre
  • Ahmed Mohamed Hassan, member of the Pan-African Parliament from Djibouti
  • Shire Jama Ahmed, inventor of the Somali script
  • Ali Matan Hashi, first Somali pilot, Commander of Somali Air Force 1959-1978, Minister of Justice, Minister of Health
  • Hussein Shuqul, Head of "Jaalle Siyaad" National Military College
  • Aden Ibrahim AwHirsi Author, Islamic Jurisprudence/Political Science scholar, governor of Gedo region 2007-
  • Warsame Indhoole, Director of the Somali Developmental Crash Program, oversaw the successful Somali literacy campaign
  • Abdiqadir Hersi Yam-Yam, prominent Somali poet and scholar
  • Ahmed Warsame, Head of the Somali Military Academy
  • Mohamud Hashi Abdi Hoosh, Jubba Regional Army Command 1980-1991
  • Mohammed Sheikh Adden, premier Somali intellectual and former head of Somali Technological Development, Minister of Information, Minister of Education, Head of the Ideology Bureau SRRC
  • Fatimo Isaak Bihi, First Somali female ambassador, Ambassador to Geneva, Director of the African Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
  • Mohamed Mohamud Jango'an, Somali interior minister
  • Dr. Abdi Shire Warsame, Former Somali Ambassador to Kenya and Iran and Former Foreign Affairs State minister in Transitional National Government
  • Adan-Dinix, prominent poet and leader

[edit] References

  1. ^ Cerulli, Enrico. Texts of the consuetudinary law of the Marrehan Somali, pp 26-27
  2. ^ a b c d e f Cerulli, Enrico. Texts of the consuetudinary law of the Marrehan Somali, pp 14-16
  3. ^ Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, Part 12 by James Hastings, ISBN 0766136876
  4. ^ Richard Pankhurst, An Introduction to the Economic History of Ethiopia, from Early Times to 1800
  5. ^ map
  6. ^ The New Encyclopedia Britannica Issue 1974
  7. ^ Encyclopedia: The Earth and Its Inhabitants: The Universal Geography
  8. ^ Worldbank, Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics, January 2005, Appendix 2, Lineage Charts, p.56