Marc Breedlove

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S. Marc Breedlove (born 1954) is currently the Barnett Rosenberg professor of Neuroscience at Michigan State University in East Lansing, Michigan. He was born and raised in the Ozarks of southwestern Missouri. After graduating from Central High School (Springfield, Missouri) in 1972, he earned a bachelor's degree in Psychology from Yale University in 1976, and a Ph.D. in Psychology from UCLA in 1982. He was a professor of Psychology at the University of California, Berkeley from 1982-2002, moving to Michigan State in 2001. He works in the fields of Biological Psychology and Neuroendocrinology. In numerous papers, he has demonstrated that steroid hormones and sexual behavior affect the developing and adult spinal cord and brain. He also reported that lesbians have a more masculine digit ratio than do straight women [1] , a finding that has been replicated in his [2] and many other labs [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] and which indicates that lesbians, on average, are exposed to more prenatal testosterone than are straight women. This finding joins many others that biological influences, such as prenatal testosterone and fraternal birth order[11] , act before birth to affect the later unfolding of human sexual orientation. Copies of these papers, and others, can be obtained at his lab home page listed below. He has co-authored textbooks in Biological Psychology [12] and Behavioral Neuroendocrinology [13]. He is a member of the Society for Behavioral Neuroendocrinology and the Society for Neuroscience.

[edit] References

  1. ^ Williams, T.J. et al. (2000). "Finger-length ratios and sexual orientation". 
  2. ^ Brown, W.M. et al. (2002). "Differences in finger length ratios between self-identified "butch" and "femme" lesbians". 
  3. ^ Tortorice, J.L. (2002). "Written on the body: butch/femme lesbian gender identity and biological correlates". Rutgers Ph.D. dissertation. 
  4. ^ McFadden and Shubel (2002). "Relative lengths of fingers and toes in human males and females". 
  5. ^ Hall and Love (2003). "Finger-Length Ratios in Female Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Sexual Orientation". 
  6. ^ Rahman and Wilson (2003). "Sexual orientation and the 2nd to 4th finger length ratio: evidence for organising effects of sex hormones or developmental instability?". 
  7. ^ Csatho et al. (2003). "Sex role identity related to the ratio of second to fourth digit length in women". 
  8. ^ Putz, D.A. et al. (2004). "Sex hormones and finger length: What does 2D:4D indicate?". Evolution and Human Behavior 25: 182-199. 25, Issue 3, Pages 182-199 (May 2004) Evolution and Human Behavior. 
  9. ^ Rahman, Q. (2005). "Fluctuating asymmetry, second to fourth finger length ratios and human sexual orientation". 
  10. ^ Kraemer et al. (2006). "Finger length ratio (2D:4D) and dimensions of sexual orientation". 
  11. ^ Puts, D.A. et al. (2006). "O brother, where art thou? The fraternal birth-order effect on male sexual orientation". 
  12. ^ S. Marc Breedlove, Mark R. Rosenzweig and Neil V. Watson (2007). Biological Psychology: An Introduction to Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience (5th Ed). Sinauer Associates. ISBN 978-0878937059
  13. ^ Jill B. Becker, S. Marc Breedlove, David Crews and Margaret M. McCarthy (2002). Behavioral Endocrinology, (2nd Ed). MIT Press. ISBN 978-0262523219

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[edit] External links