Manuel de la Peña y Peña
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| José Manuel de la Peña y Peña | |
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| In office 26 September 1847 – 13 November 1847 |
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| Preceded by | Antonio López de Santa Anna |
| Succeeded by | Pedro María Anaya |
| In office 08 January 1848 – 03 June 1848 |
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| Preceded by | Pedro María Anaya |
| Succeeded by | José Joaquín de Herrera |
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| Born | 10 March 1789 Tacuba, Mexico |
| Died | 2 January 1850 (aged 60) Mexico, Mexico |
José Manuel de la Peña y Peña (March 10, 1789, Tacuba, Distrito Federal, Mexico—January 2, 1850, Mexico City) was a Mexican politician and jurist, interim president of Mexico from September 26, 1847 to November 13, 1847 and president from January 8, 1848 to June 3, 1848.
[edit] Before assuming the presidency
He was a scholarship student at Seminario Conciliar. He graduated in civil and ecclesiastical jurisprudence on December 16, 1811, as valedictorian of his class. On December 26, 1813 he was named a trustee of the Mexico City government. On February 23, 1820 he was named by the Crown to the Audiencia of Quito, a position he was unable to fill because of the independence of Mexico.
From April 10, 1822 he was a public prosecutor, at a very young age for this position. On October 21, 1822, Emperor Augustín de Iturbide named him minister plenipotentiary to Colombia, but he was unable to occupy this position either, because of the fall of the empire. After the promulgation of the federal constitution, which created the Mexican Supreme Court, he was named to a seat in that body (December 25, 1824). Except for a few short gaps, he retained this position until his death.
On April 22, 1837 he was named Minister of the Interior, and on November 16, 1838 he was appointed to the Supremo Poder Conservador. He was also a law professor at Universidad Nacional de México, president of the Academy of Jurisprudence, and rector of the College of Lawyers. On December 4, 1841 he was named to edit the Civil Code.
On October 3, 1843 he was designated a senator of the Republic, and he was reelected to that position on November 19, 1845. In 1845 he was also Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister of the Interior, and plenipotentiary to negotiate an extradition treaty with the Spanish envoy.
[edit] As president
In 1847, because of the governmental chaos caused by the United States occupation of the capital, Peña y Peña assumed the interim presidency of the country in his capacity as president of the Supreme Court and by act of Congress. He served from September 26 to November 13, 1847, when he was replaced by Pedro María Anaya. The government was at that time in Querétaro. He was later named president in his own right (not interim) (January 8 to June 3, 1848. The state of Yucatán had seceded from the federation, Michoacán declared sovereignty, and many other states were ignoring the federal government.
During his term of office the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, which ended the war with the United States, was negotiated and signed. Negotiations began on January 2, 1848 and concluded on February 2. Mexico ceded Texas, New Mexico and Alta California to the United States and received a payment of 15 million pesos.
The treaty had much opposition in Congress, which was meeting in Querétaro, but considering the state of the country and the inability to continue the war, Congress ratified it on May 13, 1848. With the conclusion of the treaty, Peña y Peña resigned the presidency and returned to the Supreme Court. Congress elected General José Joaquín de Herrera president.
[edit] References
- (Spanish) "Peña y Peña, Manuel de la," Enciclopedia de México, v. 11. Mexico City, 1996, ISBN 1-56409-016-7.
- (Spanish) García Puron, Manuel, México y sus gobernantes, v. 2. Mexico City: Joaquín Porrúa, 1984.
- (Spanish) Orozco Linares, Fernando, Gobernantes de México. Mexico City: Panorama Editorial, 1985, ISBN 968-38-0260-5.
| Preceded by Antonio López de Santa Anna |
(Interim) President of Mexico 1848 |
Succeeded by Pedro María Anaya |
| Preceded by Pedro María de Anaya |
President of Mexico 1848 |
Succeeded by José Joaquín de Herrera |
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