Mangrai the Great
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King Mangrai (1239-1311) was 25th King of Ngoen Yang (r.1261-1296) and the first King of Chiang Mai (r.1296-1311), the capital of Lanna Kingdom.
[edit] Early years
Mangrai was born in Ngoen Yang (Chiang Saen) as son of the local ruler Lao Meng and Ua Ming Chommueang, Princess from Tai Lue city of Chiang Rung, Yunnan. In 1261 Mangrai succeeded his father and become the first independent King of a unified Tai city states in northern Lanna and northern Laos. The kingdom grew quickly to the south by both alliances and also conquests of neighbors. In 1262 he founded the city of Chiang Rai as the new capital in Mae Kok river basin. In 1287 Mangrai made a peace pact with King Ramkhamhaeng of Sukhothai and King Ngammueang of Phayao for defence their lands from Mongol Empire. In 1292 he defeated the Mon kingdom of Hariphunchai (Lamphun), adding the city to his kingdom and Yiba the last King of Hariphunchai fled to Lampang.
[edit] Chiang Mai Era
In 1296 Mangrai moved his capital again by founding Chiang Mai on Mae Ping riverside. A few year later Yiba's son King Boek of Lampang commanded many troops attacked Chiang Mai. However Mangrai and Prince Khram his second son fought back against the Lampang army by personal combat on elephant back between Prince Khram and King Boek at Khua Mung a village near Lamphun, King Boek lost and ordered to withdraw the remaining men. As King Boek fled through Khun Tan mountain that lies between Lamphun and Lampang he was caught and executed, then Mangrai troops occupied Lampang and Yiba fled again to Sukhothai.
[edit] Death and succession
Mangrai died in 1311 at Chiang Mai. During a thunderstorm he was hit by lightning in the city's market. He was succeeded by Prince Khram in the name of King Chaisongkhram.
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