Mahikari

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Mahikari is the compilation of two Japanese words Ma (真) 'True' and Hikari (光)' Light'. Its meaning according to the Mahikari group is "True Light". It refers to a group of new Japanese religions Shinshūkyō founded by Yoshikazu Okada (岡田 良一) (1901-1974). In many circles, it is considered to be a religious cult and financially-draining pyramid scheme so care must be taken to understand the teachings thoroughly before joining.

Okada founded a religious corporation called L.H. Yokoshi Tomo no Kai (Lucky Heathy Company of Sun Light Children) in 1959 and registered it under the name Sekai Mahikari Bunmei Kyodan in 1963. [1]

"The cosmology, values, and rituals were borrowed by Mahikari largely from another new Japanese religion, Sekai Kyuseikyo, which in turn was strongly influenced by Oomotoko, one of the oldest New Religions of Japan. They contain elements of Shintoism (the emphasis on purity, the reference to gods, and the veneration of the emperor), Buddhism (belief in karma and reincarnation), and Japanese folk religion (the divine status of the leader, miraculous healing, etc.)." [2]

Contents

[edit] The founding of Mahikari

In 1949 Yoshikazu Okada became a minister of Sekai Kyusei-kyo (世界救世教) (Church of World Messianity) assigned to the Hauai church in its branch church located in Nishiogikobo, Tokyo. In 1953 Okada left Sekai Kyusei-kyo but maintained a close association with the organization. It was alleged he was kicked out of the group for sexually harrassing a member.

Okada claimed that, on Feb 22 1959 while suffering a high fever, he was transported to the world of divine spirits and saw a god with white hair standing on a beautiful white cloud, washing clothes in a golden tub. "Later Okada would tell his followers that this experience was a revelation from God concerning his future mission of cleansing the world and human kind." [3] To support this mission, Okada founded a religious corporation called L.H. Yokoshi Tomo no Kai (陽光子友乃会) and started recruiting followers. In 1963 he registered this group under the name Sekai Mahikari Bunmei Kyodan.

[edit] Okada's world view

Okada claimed to have received revelations from a god-deity he called Mioya Motosu Mahikari Omikami (御親元主真光御み神, Original Parent, Lord, God of True Light) - or Su (Lord, 主) God for short. He maintained that this god-deity was the supreme creator of everything. Okada's role was to inaugurate a new era as a heralding Messiah for this god and to introduce Mahikari no Waza, a method of channelling a 'divine' invisible energy, or true light (Mahikari, 真光). He claimed that via this practice of holding a hand up and imagining a stream of invisible energy flowing from the palm of the hand, the causes of illness, poverty, and strife could be eliminated from the world.

Mahikari no waza, Okada claimed, was a technique given though him by his god-deity Su God, in order for humans to cleanse the world of spiritual, mental and physical pollution. He claimed in the strongest of terms that the world was facing a great upheaval, or peak of baptism by fire, and that the Mahikari technique was a method of overcoming the challenges ahead. It was his mission and that of Mahikari members to help people prepare for and survive this baptism of fire.

Okada claimed that Mahikari was a means by which possessing spirits, earth bound souls, and ancestor spirits could be purified, saved, and receive enlightenment. He gave examples of what to expect: Group (mass) spirits causing disturbance driven by fierce hatred have reincarnated as people in this world causing battles. In his training classes, he taught that some of these spirits fought in atomic-hydrogen wars between the mythical Continents of Mu (lost continent) and Atlantis. He also claimed that there have been battles between the spirits from planets such as Venus and humans with physical bodies in this world.

"The Mahikari cosmos forms a multi-layered hierarchy with positive associations of high spirituality, purity, power, brightness, and warmth positioned toward the top, culminating with the Divine Source, Su God. Moving toward the bottom we find negative associations of low spirituality, impurity, lack of power, darkness, and coldness, ending in an ocean of mud." [4]

Okada's writings include a book called Goseigen, ( 御聖言 ), a collection of songs/poems called the Yokoshi Prayer Book (Norigotoshu, 祈言書), and a book called Kamimuki Sanji Kaisetsu. "Kamimuki Sanji Kaisetsu is regarded as the most authoritative exposition of Mahikari's fundamental teachings, although it is hardly systematic. The Sekai Mahikari Bunmai Koyodan informed me that it contains Okada's fundamental teachings." [5]

"Having chosen Okada to be the savior (sukuinushi), Su-God, the True God of Light (whence the organizational name, Mahikari [True Light], is derived), declared his intention of bathing the world in a Baptism of Fire (hi no senrei), a healing light for the seed-people (tanebito) who respond to it, but a burning and destructive light to those who hide themselves from it. If the imbalance between good and evil in the world cannot be corrected, Su-God will incinerate the world. 2000 A.D. is said to be the deadline, and, if not fulfilled, will provide scholars with interesting material for further study of what happens to sectarian societies when prophecy fails." [6]

Okada claimed that on 1 January 1962 the world entered an age of Baptism by Fire, by the spiritual energy of fire, a purifying energy that would restore the earth and humankind to their original pure state, in harmony with their creator.

"A photographer with Japan's Yomiuri newspaper happened to take a picture of Mount Fuji that by chance caught in it the face of the god Kunitorozu Tsukurinushi, leader of the forty-eight fire deities spread out over the side of the mountain. A specialist at the Sophia University, a Catholic University in Tokyo, allegedly identified this as the face of Yahweh himself, obviously a strict deity. The Saviour took this as sure proof that the Eschaton, the Age of the Baptism by fire, had begun." [7]

"Today God does not need those souls who cannot keep up with the progress of the divine plan and who are useless for the construction of the new Spiritual Civilization (Do not be conceited just because you are Japanese or Jewish.) It is the divine will that such useless souls will be erased from existence by the baptism with fire. The divine plan is that only the souls who have been sufficiently purified will be permitted to remain on earth as tanebito (seed people)." [8]

Among Okada's predictions was a noticeable disorder in established weather patterns, general and steady increase in global atmospheric temperatures, the eventual melting of the global ice caps, and increasing problems due to rain with a high acidity. Okada said an increase in what he called the spiritual energy of fire would result in increased phenomena of fire, but that because this same fire energy moves water energy, phenomena such as flooding, cold snaps, and the like would increase. At the same time, potable water would become increasingly scarce, and he said humankind needed to work hastily to develop techniques of removing the salinity of sea water.[9]

Okada claimed the increase in energies of purification would also mean that medications would lose their effectiveness, he claimed, due to the need to eliminate impurities from spirit, mind, and body. Similarly, stronger and stronger agricultural herbicides, pesticides, and fungicides would have to be developed to cope with the increasing purification of toxic products from the soil.[10]

Part of the "secret" teachings of Mahikari are that Jesus Christ's twin died on the cross and that Jesus himself lived to old age and died in Japan.(cite Tebecis) This very notion, though Mahikari claims to welcome all faiths, clearly contradicts the basic tenets of Christianity. Uninformed members do not learn of these teachings until they are well within this cult.

The new age of progressive dawning also meant that many phenomena not in fitting with divine will would be progressively exposed, as would all falsehood and deceit, just as when night becomes day and all becomes illuminated. Entities that had theretofore opposed the will of heaven would progressively be exposed, admonished, struggle, and face dead ends, but would ultimately awaken and reform.[11]

[edit] Influences behind the formation of Mahikari

The mythology of several Shinshūkyō feature in the formation of Mahikari:

  • Okada, like others, claimed to be a spokesperson of a Japanese deity- god. It was his mission to save mankind from destruction.
  • He, like others, claimed to receive revelations from this deity- god. He recorded these revelations using automatic writing.
  • He, like others, claimed to be the person to return mankind to a state of spiritual purity by using a healing/cleaning energy administered from the hand.
  • He, like others, claimed Japan was the spiritual origin of humankind.

[edit] Tenrikyo

This Shinshūkyō was founded by Miki Nakayama (1798-1886), which means “Heavenly Wisdom” ("tenri" means heavenly wisdom and "kyo" means teaching or religion). During a healing ceremony, Miki reportedly entered a trance and said, “I am the True and Original God. I have been predestined to reside here. I have descended from Heaven to save all human beings, and I want to take Miki as the Shrine of God and the mediatrix between God and men.”

[edit] Konkokyo

Konkokyo,which may be translated as “Golden Light,” was founded by Bunjiro Kawate (1814-1883)."After years of earnest seeking and praying he at last found God, Parent of all men, the Parent-God of the Universe, who revealed himself to Konko Daijin (Kawate’s posthumous honorary name) as Tenchi-Kane-no-kami. It was on November the 15th of 1859 that the words of God came upon the Founder, calling him to the sacred mission of saving men, and revealing at the same time that the prosperity of mankind is the ultimate purpose of the Parent-God of the Universe, and that without the realization of that purpose God Himself is morally imperfect." [12]

[edit] Oomoto

Oomoto, which means “The Teaching of the Great Origin,” began in 1892 and was founded by Nao Deguchi (1836-1918). She claimed she had a visitation of a supernatural entity bestowing a mission on her to save humankind. She claimed that the origin was one, that mankind must return to that origin, and that humankind faced a great upheaval. She claimed to receive revelations from her god-deity which she wrote down using a form of automatic writing called Ofudesaki, "From the Tip of the Brush". Oomoto is promoted as the catalyst to unite all religions. Oomoto use a healing method called Miteshiro (honorable hand-substitute) to drive out possessing spirits.

[edit] Sekai Kyūsei Kyō

Sekai Kyūsei Kyō (世界救世教) (Church of World Messianity) was founded by Mokichi Okada (1882-1955). In June of 1920 he joined Oomoto. Okada was a teacher in an Oomoto church in Tokyo in 1934 when he started using a process different from the official Oomoto healing method and was expelled. Okada claimed to have received revelations from his god-deity in 1926 but kept them hidden. Due to the political climate in Japan at the time, he destroyed the written revelations and rewrote some from memory years later. In 1945, with the conclusion of World War II, Okada moved his base of operations from Tokyo to Hakone and Atami, and launched his full-scale activities. His devotees called him Meishu-sama, which could be translated as 'Master of Light.' In the words of a devotee, "It is also fitting here because the phrase, 'the light from the east,' steeped in the antiquity of western civilization aptly describes Okada’s birth and life of activity in Japan, which has traditionally been considered as the most eastern part of 'The East.' "

Yoshikazu Okada (岡田 良一) (1901-1974) prior involvement in the Church of World Messianity (Sekai Kyusei Kyo, 世界救世教) played an important role in his new religion, Mahikari. The practise of Johrei (Purification of the Spirit), the imagined energy radiating from the hand, is similar to Mahikari (True Light), and the Ohikari, the pendant worn around the neck by members of Sekai Kyusei Kyo, is similar in concept to the Omitama pendant worn around the neck by Mahikari members. "The notion of a divine energy administered through the hand can be found in other New Religions. In Omoto there is the belief in shinki / reiki (divine spirit) that is radiated in a ritual called miteshiro (divine hand-substitute). Sekai Kyiiseikyb's hikari (light) is given in a ritual called jorei (spirit cleaning). Jorei is very similar to Mahikari's okijome, as is Omoto's miteshiro." [13]

[edit] Other Experiences of Yoshikazu Okada

"In a collection of [Okada's] sermons we find a chapter entitled “Light from the East,” which explains that the founders of the world’s great religions realized their teachings could not reveal the ultimate truth, and knew that such the truth would eventually come from the East. He further says that Moses and Jesus, among others, came to Japan to undergo spiritual training in preparation for their missions, and that they later died in Japan. For him their careers are further proof that their teachings are only transient and that ultimate salvation will come from the East, that is to say from Mahikari and/or Japan (SEIÕ 1973, pp. 82–106)." [14]

"Where one does find stories of this type, detailing how the teachers of the world’s great religions trained in Japan and eventually returned there to die, is in a book entitled Hikari wa tõhõ yori [Light from the East] (YAMANE 1988), first published in 1937. In the postscript to the latest edition the author’s son mentions that parts of this book were republished in a journal that functioned as the more or less official journal of an organization called the Taiko Kenkyukai (Group for the study of the ancient past). One of the contributors to this journal was none other than Sekiguchi Sakae, Okada’s close companion for many years and his successor as Oshienushi (and who later served as head of the Sekai Mahikari Bunmei Kyodan following the separation from Sukyo Mahikari). Under these circumstances there can be little doubt as to what Okada’s real sources were, at least for certain parts of his teachings." [15]

"On a quite different plane, we must also remember that Okada was influenced by ideas about the lost continent of Mu. According to Okada, Japan forms the last surviving portion of this continent, once the home of a superb, sun-worshipping culture. The people of this continent were builders of pyramids, a fact reflected in the activities of the lost continent’s last survivors, the Mayas, Egyptians, and, of course, the Japanese. We might thus conclude that Mahikari’s teachings comprise a collection of esoteric knowledge of various origin, some from published material and some from Okada’s earlier experiences as leader in another religious group, the Sekai Kyosei Kyo (World Messianic Movement), whose cosmology and rituals bear many resemblances to Mahikari’s." [16]

[edit] Takenouchi Documents

"Many of the ideas Okada wove into Churchward's account of Mu were taken from the Takenouchi Documents, said to be preserved by the Takenouchi family in a shrine in Ibaraki Prefecture. This information has been set forth by Yamane Kiku in a book called The Authentic History of the World Secreted Away in Japan. It is from this book - which the Saviour (Okada) regarded as the last word on ancient history - that we learn that Jesus died in Japan, and that nearly all the other saints and holy men of the world at least visited the country." [17]

"The originals of this (Takenouchi) document and the "sacred treasures" were confiscated by government authorities and later lost in air raids during World War II. As a result, it is impossible to confirm or deny the authenticity of any of these items. For documentary criticism of the "Takeuchi Document" and its alleged copies, see Jindai hishi shiryô shûse, appendix "Kaidai" [Explanatory notes] by Ôuchi Yoshisato, and Kanô Ryôkichi,, "Amatsukyô komonjo no hihan" [Criticism of the Amatsukyô document], Shisô (June, 1936), 983-1027." [18]

Kiku Yamane's grandson, Ichiro Yamane, Assistant Professor of Social Psychology, Nagoya, states on his web site; In his opinion the Takenouchi Document (also known as the Takeuchi Document) is so nonsensical that the danger of its ideas tends to be over-looked. It is necessary to closely examine that aspect. He states, In his opinion it was created by an extraordinary braggart right around the time that the Japanese military had an ambition to march out to the continent. It provided the myths to justify the Japanese Emperor ruling the world under the same logic that the Emperor ruled Japan at that time.[19]

[edit] Kojiki, Records of Ancient Matters

"Much earlier Mahikari mythology is attributed to the Kojiki, Records of Ancient Matters, which was written circa 712 CE. Though the Kojiki is a depository of Shinto myths, it is well known to scholars as a “late compilation in which political considerations and specifically Chinese conceptions intrude themselves almost everywhere.” Mahikari utilizes many of the mythological deities found in the Kojiki but focuses on the Su god who personally chose Okada as his savior." [20]

[edit] Mahikari Groups

The following groups (listed in order of establishment date) can be categorized as Shinshūkyō that were influenced by Okada or Mahikari:

  • 1959 - L.H. Company of Sun Light Children Yokoshi Tomo no Kai - later changed to Sekai Mahikari Bunmei Kyodan
  • 1963 - Sekai Mahikari Bunmei Kyodan - nominal membership - 50,000 to 100,000 worldwide (2007)
  • 1974 - Shin Yu Gen Kyu Sei Mahikari Kyodan - nominal membership ?
  • 1978 - Sukyo Mahikari - nominal membership - 150,000 to 250,000 worldwide (2007)
  • 1978-79 - The Light Center - Belgium - nominal membership - ?
  • 1980 - Subikari Koha Sekai Shindan - nominal membership - 4,500 (2007)
  • 1984 - Yokoshi Tomo No Kai (Singapore) may be the same as Seiho Mahikari - nominal membership - ?
  •  ? - Mahikari Seiho No Kai - nominal membership - ?

[edit] Sekai Mahikari Bunmei Kyodan Perspective

  • 1959 - Yoshikazu Okada (1901-1974), the First Holy Master (Holy name: Seio, Kotama), established Yokoshi Tomo no Kai (L.H. Company of Sun Light Children) in 1959 and later changed the name to Sekai Mahikari Bunmei Kyodan.
  • 1974 - After the death of the first Holy Master on June 23, 1974, the Reverend Seiho (Sakae Sekiguchi (1909-1994)) became the second Holy Master in accordance by divine degree.
  • 1994 - On January 3, 1994, the Reverend Seisho (Katsutoshi Sekiguchi (1939-)) became the third Holy Master by divine degree.

[edit] Sukyo Mahikari Perspective

Sukyo Mahikari headquarters in Takayama, Gifu, Japan
Sukyo Mahikari headquarters in Takayama, Gifu, Japan

Sukyo Mahikari (崇教真光) was established by Keiju Okada in 1978 following the death of Kotama Okada and the subsequent legal dispute over rightful spiritual succession.

[edit] Origin of Mahikari

Mahikari is the Japanese word for True Light. This expression, containing the characters for ‘true’ (ma, 真) and ‘light’ (hikari, 光 ), was introduced to the world by Mr. Kotama Okada, who founded the Mahikari organization in 1959. The expression is now used in countries throughout the world when referring to the organization he founded. [21] In response to revelations Mr. Okada received at 5 am on the 27th of February 1959, [22] he established the Mahikari organization and, for fifteen years, he guided its expansion. [23] In the preface to the Book of Holy Words (Goseigen, 御聖言) containing fifty-two of his revelations, [24] Mr. Okada describes the conditions under which he received the revelations. [25]

[edit] Mahikari as an Organisation

After fifteen years of regular communications from God and dedicated service to society, Mr. Okada received his last revelation on 13 June 1974 at 2am. [26] This revelation detailed the urgency of completing the World Shrine to the Creator God (considered the Noah’s Ark of this age) and entrusted the leadership of the Mahikari Organisation to his foremost disciple, his adopted daughter, Ms. Keiju Okada. As early as 1964, she had been officially acting as his representative, and had completed a special ten-year training course in 1972. On the death of Mr. Okada in 1974, most believers naturally followed Keiju as leader, but confusion arose when Mr. Sakae Sekiguchi claimed to be Mr. Okada's successor. [27] Sekiguchi was a senior staff member with extensive influence within the organization who had been appointed by Ms. Okada to assist her by leading expansion activities and he took the matter to court. Mr. Okada's daughter, wishing to focus on completing the World Shrine, established Sukyo Mahikari in 1978.

By 1982 the Tokyo High Court had decided it did not have the jurisdiction to decide the rightful spiritual successor to Mr. Okada. The judge indicated an amicable compromise would leave both as leaders of independent organizations. Mr Sekaguchi’s group retained the original name of Sekai Mahikari Bunmei Kyodan and published their view of this matter on their web site. [28] A Japanese journalist gave an independent account of the legal proceedings in 1996. [29]

[edit] Teachings of Sukyo Mahikari

The goal of Sukyo Mahikari is to enable people to experience the existence of a higher dimension through the art of True Light. True Light (mahikari, 真光), the Light of the Creator God, can be radiated from the hand by people who complete a three-day introductory course and receive a sacred pendant. The Light purifies the spirit, mind and body. This art can be practised anywhere and at any time and is the main activity at Sukyo Mahikari centres throughout the world.

Teachings, in the form of universal or transcendent principles (sukyo 崇教) that people experience in their lives, empower all people to understand aspects of the unseen realm of spirit via their own experience. True Light (mahikari, 真光) enables people to efficaciously follow a God-centred, spiritual way of life. The sukyo principles expound fundamental laws established at the foundation of the universe that apply to all people irrespective of their individual faith systems or beliefs.

[edit] Single Origin

Sukyo Mahikari teaches that geology explores the evolution and origin of our Planet Earth and paleontology documents the single origin of life on Earth. Mr. Okada declared this as a fundamental tenet of his teachings: "The origin of the earth is one, the origin of the world is one, and the origin of all humankind is one." [30] Upon further investigation of this teaching, one learns that ONLY the Mahikari god is the supreme god and all the other faiths have sprung from him--therefore making Christianity, Judaism, Islam and Buddism "lesser" religions that do not offer the "truth" (from Mahikari teaching packet --secondary Kenshu)

[edit] Mahikari as a Cleansing Technique

Mahikari also refers to the Art of True Light (mahikari no waza, 真光の業). This term refers to the art or technique (waza, 業) of radiating True Light (mahikari, 真光) from the hands, an art that has been practiced by over eight hundred thousand people since 1959. [31] Mahikari purifyies the cloudiness in the soul and pollution of the body (toxins) permitting practitioners of this art to help not only themselves and their families, but most importantly, they can help others and improve society. [32] To become a practitioner of this art, one attends a three day lecture course and receives a sacred locket called an "Omitama". [33] NOTE: TO BE ABLE TO ACHIEVE THIS 'POWER' TO HEAL, ONE MUST PAY SUKYO MAHIKARI $300US --AND THAT IS JUST THE START OF THE "DONATIONS" YOU WILL GIVE TO THE CULT.

Nonetheless, the dropout rate among kamikumite is high, estimated at eighty percent, and remains high at all ranks, from fresh recruits to senior members, especially if a dilemma arises between trusting Su-God or modern medicine. As of yet, little is known about these dropouts, but many of them, as MIYANAGA suggests (1983, p. 254), must have difficulty overcoming the dread of spirits to which Mahikari has exposed them.[34]

[edit] International Headquarters

The Main World Shrine of Sukyo Mahikari, a shrine established by Sukyo Mahikari for the creator parent lord God, was completed in Takayama City, Gifu Prefecture, in 1984.

[edit] Hikaru Memorial Hall

In 1999, Sukyo Mahikari opened the Hikaru Memorial Hall in Takayama. The museum presents archaeological and paleontological displays about the origin of life and civilization, art works from the East and West and special exhibitions. It also displays historical aspects of the life of the Mr. Okada, as well as some of his central ideas.

[edit] Suhikari Kôha Sekai Shindan

A new religion from the lineage of Ōmoto, Sekai Kyūseikyō and Mahikari. Founded by the spiritualist manga artist Kuroda Minoru (1928- ), under influence from Sekai Mahikari Bunmei Kyōdan. Kuroda made his living as an artist of manga (graphic novels) while continuing his studies of the spirit world, and succeeded in establishing himself as a specialist in this genre. He later met Okada Kōtama (1901-74), founder of Sekai Mahikari Bunmei Kyōdan, and began to follow his teachings. After Okada's death he left Sekai Mahikari Bunmei Kyōdan and, after receiving a divine revelation, established the Shūkyō Dantai Kōrin in 1980, registering the group as an independent religious body under the Religious Corporations Law (Shūkyō Hōjihō). In 1984 the group assumed its current name.

Doctrines of the group emphasize spirit possession, and core practices focus on the ritual of tekazashi (raising the hand and emitting spiritual light) as a means of purifying such possessing spirits. In its central focus on the deity Sunokami, the style of the movement's shrine, and also in the form of the pendant worn by devotees, resemblances can be seen to Sekai Mahikari Bunmei Kyōdan. Unlike the latter group, however, the practice of tekazashi (raising the hand and emitting spiritual light) is not called "mahikari no waza" but rather "honō no waza" (lit., "practice of the flame"). The technique used in this movement has also been changed from using one hand in Sekai Mahikari Bunmei Kyōdan to a form of tekazashi using both hands. By and large, however, the movement follows Mahikari's worldview and ideas about spirits.[35]

With headquarters in Hachiôji City, Tokyo, Suhikari Kôha Sekai Shindan was established in 1980 by Kuroda Minoru (1928-), who in turn was strongly influenced by the founder ofSekai Mahikari Bunmei Kyôdan, Kôtama Okada. Kuroda is a cartoon artist long known for his themes of ghost stories or the curses of spirits. His cartoons are popular especially among junior and senior high school girls. Since initiating his religious activities, Kuroda has used his cartoon drawings as a medium of missionary activities, and he is also engaged in counseling for young people. [36]

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ http://www.mahikari.org
  2. ^ Cornille, Catherine 1991, p. 265
  3. ^ McVeigh, Brian 1992, p. 41
  4. ^ McVeigh, Brian 1992, p. 41
  5. ^ Knecht, Peter 1995, p. 321
  6. ^ Young, Richard Fox 1988, p. 263
  7. ^ Davis 1982, p. ?
  8. ^ Okada 1982, p. ?
  9. ^ Okada 1982, p. ?
  10. ^ Okada 1982, p. ?
  11. ^ Okada 1982, p. ?
  12. ^ Thomsen 1963, p. 70
  13. ^ McVeigh, Brian 1992, p. 41
  14. ^ Knecht, Peter 1995, p. 337
  15. ^ Knecht, Peter 1995, p. 338
  16. ^ Knecht, Peter 1995, p. 338
  17. ^ Davis 1982, p. 70
  18. ^ Tsushima, Michihito et al 19179, p. ?
  19. ^ Yamane,Ichiro
  20. ^ Weston, Erin Leigh 2002, p. 45
  21. ^ Yasaka 1999, p. 25
  22. ^ Okada 2004, p. 4
  23. ^ Shibata 1999, p. 39
  24. ^ Shibata 1999, p. 45
  25. ^ Okada 1982, p. 4
  26. ^ Yasaka 1999, p. 29
  27. ^ Tebecis 2004, p. 77
  28. ^ [1] Sekai Mahikari Bunmei Kyodan Homepage
  29. ^ Tebecis 2004, p. 79
  30. ^ Sukyo Mahikari 2004, p. ch 2
  31. ^ Yasaka 1999, p. 63
  32. ^ Yasaka 1999, p. 28
  33. ^ Tebecis 2004, p. 29
  34. ^ Young, Richard Foxi 1990, p. 42
  35. ^ Tsushiro Hirofumi 2006
  36. ^ Inoue, Nobutaka 1991

[edit] References

[edit] External links

  • Sekai Mahikari Bunmei Kyodan (World Divine Light Organization)[2]
  • Shin Yu Gen Kyu Sei Mahikari Kyodan[3]
  • Yokoshi Tomo No Kai[4]
  • Sukyo Mahikari Japan[5]
  • Sukyo Mahikari North America[6]
  • Sukyo Mahikari Europe and Africa[7]

[edit] Alternative External Links

  • Sukyo Mahikari[8]
  • Mahikari Exposed[9]

[edit] See also