User:Magnus Manske/Dictionary of National Biography/12

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These entries are from the public domain Dictionary of National Biography (1903). The original text is here. It is out of date and contains many OCR errors.

[edit] Section 1101

Thomas Phillips: '''Thomas Phillips''' ([[1635]] ?-[[1693]]), military engineer; appointed master-gunner of the Portsmouth, 1661; a gunner of the Tower of London, 1672, and mastergunner at Sheerness, 1673; became James II's second I engineer, 1685; dismissed (1689) for refusing to join Schomberg in Ireland, but reinstated, 1691; present at the bombardment of St. Malo (1693), where he exploded a vessel filled with powder and carcases at the foot of the sea-wall.
Thomas Phillips: '''Thomas Phillips''' ([[1708]]-[[1774]]), biographer of Cardinal Pole; great-nephew of William Joyner;
Phillips: '''Phillips'''
Phipps: '''Phipps''' brought upasa Roman catholic: joined Jesuits, 1728, bat l.-lt them, 1733; after studying at Lige ami Kom.- rotiirntil to England, acting as chaplain to several noljle families: principal work,The History of the Life of Cardinal Pole (1764), a valuable piece of biography; died
Thomas Phillips: '''Thomas Phillips''' . [[1815]]), historian 01 bury; had a place in tin- cn-toin-: publishedHistory and Antiquities of Shrewsbury 1779, a second ulr which formed the first volume of the History of Salop (1837) by Charles Hulbert
Thomas Phillips: '''Thomas Phillips''' ([[1770]]-[[1845]]), portrait-painter ; began to exhibit at the Royal Academy, 1792: R.A., 1808: painted many notable persons, including George, prince of Wales, Lord liyron, Orabbe, Scott, Southey.and Coleridge; professor of painting in the Itoyal Academy, 1826-82.
Thomas Phillips: '''Thomas Phillips''' ([[1760]]-[[1861]] X surgeon and beuefactor of Welsh education; entered the service of the East India Company, 1782, and became finally a member of tin* Calcutta medical board, returning to England with a competent fortune in 1817; presented laiye quantities of books to Welsh town and college libraries, and established six scholarships and a Phillips professorship of natural science at St. David's, Lampeter.
Phtt: '''Phtt''' T.TFS. SIR THOMAS ([[1801]]-[[1867]]), mayor of Newport and lawyer; elected mayor, 18S8, and knighted for his courage in repelling an attack by seven thousand chartists under John Frost (J. 1877); acquired coal mines in Monmoutlishire, and became a large landed proprietor in Wales; bestowed large sums in charities, particularly in assisting Brecon College.
Watts Phillips: '''Watts Phillips''' ([[1826]]-[[1874]]), dramatist and designer: became, according to the story, George Cruikshank's only pupil: resided for some years in Paris, where he acquired a knowledge of the French stage; settled in London, 1853-4; brought out Joseph Chaviguy at the Adelphi, London, 1857, and the Dead Heart, 1 1859, the latter being a great success: gradually abandoned caricature and illustration for the novel and the drama; his plays were numerous and Mir--sful; his novels chiefly appeared in the Family Herald
William Phillips: '''William Phillips''' ([[1731]]?-[[1781]]X major-general of the royal artillery; commanded a company of miners raised for the defence of Minorca, 1756; served in Germany under Ferdinand of Brunswick, commanding the artillery at Minden (1759) with great ability, and at Warburg (1760), and other engagements; in Canada under Carleton and Burgoyne, 1776; took part (.1777) in the campaign which ended in the capitulation ot Saratoga; was exchanged, 1781, on which be joined Clinton at New York, proceeding thence to Virginia, where he died in the midst of the campaign.
William Phillips: '''William Phillips''' ([[1775]]-[[1828]]), mineralogist and geologist; grandson of Catherine Phillips; a London printer and bookseller, devoting his leisure to geology; F.G.8., 1807; F.ILS., 1827; F.L.S.; wrote with William Daniel Oonybeare Outlines of the Geology of England and Wales 1822, and, among other works exclusively his own, published the well-knownElementary Introduction to the Knowledge of Mineralogy 1816.
Henry Phillpotts: '''Henry Phillpotts''' ([[1778]]-[[1869]]), bishop of Exeter; B.A. Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1795; fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1795-1804; M.A., 1798; became chaplain to Shute Barrington, bishop of Durham, 1806, and prebendary of Durham, 1809; began (e. 1819) to appear a a writer upon public questions by penning a defence of the existing poor-law and of the conduct of the government in regard to the Peterloo massacre; vehemently opposed catholic emancipation in his controversy with Charles Butler (1750-1832), 1825; shared the conversion of the tory ministry, 1829; bishop of Exeter, 1830-69: opposed the Reform Bill in the House of Lords and came into collision with Earl Grey in regard to the Tithes Bill, 1831; a strict disciplinarian in his diocese, having lawsuits with several of his clergy, including George Cornelius Gorham. Although a high churchman be had no sympathy with the Oxford movement, and vehemently attacked Tract XC.
Robert Kemp Philp: '''Robert Kemp Philp''' ([[1819]]-[[1882]]X compiler: joined the chartist movement and lectured for it; ousted ommittee by the more violent section (1842) for the moderation of bis opinion*; credited with having drawn up the monster petition, 1842; settled New Street, Fetter Lane, London, as a publisl rabHiUtor of thePeople Journal 1846-8: published The Family Friend (editor. 1841-62) and other cheap popular literature. Including Enquire within upon Everything(18M) of which over a million copies had been -..Id by 1888.
Philpot: '''Philpot''' See also PHILIPOT.J
John Philpot: '''John Philpot''' ([[1616]]-[[1666]]), protestant martyr: 1. and BjC.L,: arcb fellow of New College, Oxford, 16S4-41 deacon of Winchester; constantly engaged in oontroveny. and after Mary's aoocsatoii wa* imprisoned as a heretic MMrtSitSMtJt,r,l,,H-,v,,rk.-.,rv,,,. -: of them in Foxe's Aotes and Monument*
Hbnry Philpott: '''Hbnry Philpott''' ([[1807]]-18M bishop of Worcester; elected fellow of St. Catharine Hall, Cambridge. 1829; M.A., 1832; muter of St. Catharine's Hall, Cambridge, 1846-60; vice-chancellor, 1846, 1866, and 1867; D.D., 1847; bishop of Worcester, 1860-90. His episcopal career was uneventful.
Phipps: '''Phipps''' Sm CHARLES BEAUMONT ([[1801]]-[[1866]]), court official: son of Sir Henry Phippn, first earl of Mulgrave; entered the army, 1820; steward of the viceregal household in Ireland, 1836-9; lieutenanti-ol...... 1, 1837; equerry to Queen Victoria, 1846; private secretary to Prince Albert, 1847: appointed keeper of the queen's purse and treasurer to the then Prince of Wales, 1849: K.O.B., 1858; receiver-general of the dnchy of Cornwall, 1862.
Charles John Phipps: '''Charles John Phipps''' ([[1836]]-[[1897]]). architect: articled at Bath, where he began to practise, 1868; reconstructed Bath Theatre, 1862-3; removed to London, and became recognised authority on theatre construction, and was engaged on construction or alteration of more than twenty theatres in London, besides others in many provincial towns: F.R.I.B.A., 1868; F.S.A. His principal work was Her Majesty's Theatre, Haymarket, London, (completed, 1897).
Sir Oonstantine Phipps: '''Sir Oonstantine Phipps''' ([[1656]]-[[1723]]), lord chancellor of Ireland; barrister, Gray's Inn, 1684, bencher, 1706: bis rise hindered by his Jacobite sympathies, though his practice among friends of the house of Stuart was considerable; defended Henry Sacheverell, 1710, and gained such distinction that he was knighted and made lord chancellor of Ireland in the same year; extremely unpopular with the whig faction in Ireland, and on Queen Anne's death was removed from office: defended Francis Atterbury, 1723.
Sir Con Phipps: '''Sir Con Phipps''' 8TANTINE HENRY, first MAR-
Up Normandy Quis: '''Up Normandy Quis''' and second EARL OF MULORAVK (1797-1863), eldest son of Sir Henry Phipps, first earl of Mulgrave: of Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge: M.A., 1818; entered parliament, 1818 (M.P., Scarborough), and supported parliamentary reform: M.P.. Higham Ferrers, 1822, Malton, 1826: governor of Jamaica, 1832-4; G.C.H., 1832; became lord privy seal, with a seat in the cabinet, under Lord Melbourne, 1834: sent to Ireland as lord-lieutenant, 1835; his friendly relations with O'Oonnell bitterly attacked at protestant meetings, but his administration (1835-9) beneficial to Ireland; created Marquis of Normanby, 1838: secretary of war and the colonies, 1839; transferred to the home office, 1839, where he remained till the fall of the ministry, 1841; ambassador at Paris, 1846-52, and minister at Florence, 1854-8, in which posts be mingled too much In the politics of foreign states. In early life he wrote a number of novels and tales.
Oonstantine John Phipps: '''Oonstantine John Phipps''' , second BARON
Mulgravk: '''Mulgravk''' ([[1744]]-[[1792]]), entered the navy, [[1760]]; M.P., Lincoln, 1768, when he identified himself with the king s friends; commanded the Kacehorae in a polar expedition, 1773, of which he published an account, and in which Nelson took part as midshipman; succeeded his father as an Irish peer, 1775; M.P., Huntingdon, and appointed a lord of the admiralty, 1777: distinguished himself in the action off Ushant in 1778, while in command of the Courageux. Cxlv. 231
Edmund Phipps: '''Edmund Phipps''' ([[1808]]-[[1867]]), author ; mm of Sir Henry Phipps, first earl of Mulgrave; TAJL.
Phipps: '''Phipps''' 1040

[edit] Section 1102

Pickering: '''Pickering''' Trinity College. Oxford, 1831: barrister, Inner Temple, SM- DobuHS MTeral financial pamphlet*, as well as SiSfS Robert Plumer Ward 1850.
Sib Oborqk Augustus Const Phipps: '''Sib Oborqk Augustus Const Phipps''' A N-
Tink: '''Tink''' noond MARQUIS OF NORMANBY ([[1819]]-[[1890]]), son of Rir'oonstantine Henrv Phipps, first marquis of Normanby entered the army, 1838, but retired, 1847, when bo wa returned (M.P., Scarborough) to parliament In the liberal interest: privy councillor, 1851; M.P., Scarborough 1852 and 1857: liberal whip; treasurer of the iinmSoM. 1853-8: lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotin, IttS-tt: governor of Queensland, 1871-4; governor of Sew Zealand. 1874-9, where he was in constant collision with Sir George Grey; G.O.M.G., 1877: appointed governor of Victoria, 79, retiring, 1884; G.O.B., 1885; joined the liberal unionist secession, 1886.
Phipps: '''Phipps''' Piu HBNRY. first KARL OP MULORAVK, first VISCOUNT NORMANBY, and third BARON MULORAVK (17*5- 1 831), brother of Oonstautine John Phipps, second baron Mnlgrave: educated at Eton; entered the armj 1775? and attained the rank of general, 1809; M.P., Totnea, 1784, Scarborough, 1790: a supporter of Pitt and one of his chief military adviser*; made by Pitt chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster, with a seat in the cabinet. 1804. and (1806) secretary for foreign affaire, a post generally thought beyond his powers; resigned, with the bulk of Pitt's friends, after the death of Pitt (January 1806); became first lord of the admiralty in the Portland ministry, 1807, his tenure of office being marked by the seizure of the Danish fleet, the Walcheren expedition, and the operations of Collingwood in the Mediterranean; resigned, 1810, and became master of the ordnance, keeping his seat in the cabinet; created Earl rf Mnlgrave, 1812; master of the ordnance till 1818, when, at hl own suggestion, he was replaced by Wellington: retired from the cabinet, 1820. He was a generous patron of art, befriending Jackson, the portrait- painter, Wilkie, and Haydon.
Joseph Phipps: '''Joseph Phipps''' ([[1708]]-[[1787]]), quaker; undertook a street-preaching tour through the metropolis, 1753; published controversial works in defence of the Quakers against Samuel Newton of Norwich, and others.
Fir William Phipps: '''Fir William Phipps''' ([[1651]]-[[1695]]), governor of Massachusetts: cousin of Sir Oonstantlne Phipps; began life as a ship-carpenter, and in time became a merchant-captain of Boston; raised ( 1667) a Spanish treasureship, sunk near the Bahamas, and gained 16,0007.; knighted, and appointed provost-marshal of New Eng- I land, 1687; commanded a colonial expedition, which cap- i tared Port Royal from the French, 1690, but failed in an attempt on Montreal and Quebec, 1690; nominated governor of Massachusetts, 1691; did little against the French and their Indian allies, and was summoned to England to answer for bis undignified conduct, 1694, but, died before proceedings were taken.
Phtston: '''Phtston''' or PISTON, WILLIAM (. [[1571]]-[[1609]]), translator and author; describes himself as a student of London; made translations from the French, Latin, Italian, and Spanish.
Phiz: '''Phiz''' (pseudonym). See BROWNE, HABLOT KNIGHT, lSlt-1882.
As Phre: '''As Phre''' or FREE, JOHN (d. [[1465]]), scholar ; fellow of Balliol College, Oxford; M.A., 1464; went abroad after leaving Oxford: taught medicine at Ferrara, Florence, and Parma, and died at Rome. As a scholar he WM distinguished for his knowledge of philosophy, medicine, and the civil law. Several of his manuscripts are preserved among the Balliol and Bodleian M3S.
Phtlip: '''Phtlip'''
Ston Phtlip: '''Ston Phtlip''' ([[1543]]-[[1620]]), Welsh poet; was drowned near Pwllheli while on a bardic tour; many of bis poems preserved in the Cymrodorion MSS. (British Museum).
William Phtlip: '''William Phtlip''' ([[1690]]?-[[1670]]), Welsh poet; wrote a Welsh elegy in 1649 on the death of Charles I; forced to go into hiding during the Commonwealth.
Andrew Picxeh: '''Andrew Picxeh''' ([[1788]]-[[1835]]), ScottlshaSr on of a Pattler clothier: bookseller in Liverpool, and proceeded to London, where he speedily became popular as a man of letters: published miscellaneous works, including Tales and Sketches of the West Coast of Scotland 1824, and other stories of Scottish and Irish life and manners.
Andrew Picken: '''Andrew Picken''' ([[1815]]-[[1845]]), draughtsman and lithographer; sou of Andrew Picken (1788-1-833); executed on stone a large number of landscapes, chiefly illustrations of books of travel, and private commissions.
Andrew Belfhage Picken: '''Andrew Belfhage Picken''' ([[1802]]-[[1849]]), author; son of Ebenezer Pickeu; published The Bedouins and other Poems 1828.
Ebenezer Picken: '''Ebenezer Picken''' ([[1769]]-[[1816]]), minor poet; son of a Paisley weaver; studied at Glasgow University; opened a school at Falklrk, 1791: settled (1796) in Edinburgh, where he lived in straitened circumstances; published several volumes of poetry.
Joanna Belfrage Picken: '''Joanna Belfrage Picken''' ([[1798]]-[[1859]]), poetess ; daughter of Ebenezer Picken; wrote satirical verses for various journals; went to Canada, 1842, and taught music at Montreal till her death.
Basil Montagu Pickering: '''Basil Montagu Pickering''' ([[1836]]-[[1878]]), publisher and dealer in rare books: son of William Pickering; began business (1858) in Piccadilly, London; continued his father's traditions as publisher,
Danby Pickering: '''Danby Pickering''' (. [[1737]]-[[1769]]), legal writer ; barrister, Gray's Inn, 1741; edited the original four volumes ofModern Reportswith supplements (1757), and Sir Henry Finch'sLaw, or a Discourse thereof (1759); published The Statutes at Large to the end of the Eleventh Parliament of Great Britain 24 vols. 17621769.
Ellen Pickering: '''Ellen Pickering''' (d. [[1843]]), novelist ; published her first novel, 1826.
George Pickering: '''George Pickering''' (d. [[1867]]), artist; exhibited water-colours at the Liverpool Academy (non-resident member, 1827): succeeded George Ouitt(1779-1854) as a drawing-master at Chester; drew landscapes to illustrate Ormerod'sHistory of Cheshireand other works.
Sir Gilbert Pickering: '''Sir Gilbert Pickering''' , first baronet ([[1613]]1668), parliamentarian; of Gray's Inn, 1629; M.P., Northamptonshire, in the Short and Long parliaments and in those of the Commonwealth; active at the beginning of the civil war in raising troops and money in Ids county: sided with the army, 1648, and was appointed one of Charles I's judges, but attended only at first, and did not sign the death-warrant; member of the councils of state under the Commonwealth; escaped punishment after the Restoration, but was declared incapable of holding office; was a baronet of Nova Scotia.
Sir James Pickering: '''Sir James Pickering''' (fl. [[1368]]-1 [[397]]), speaker of the House of Commons; head of a Westmoreland family: knight of the shire for Westmoreland, 1362, 1365, 1377, 1378, 1379, and 1382, for Yorkshire, 1383, 1384. 1388, 1390, and 1397; elected speaker, 1378.
John Pickering: '''John Pickering''' (d. [[1537]]X leader in the Pilgrimage of Grace; B.D. Cambridge, 1525; prior of the Dominican house at Cambridge, 1525; took part in organising the Pilgrimage of Grace, 1536: executed at Tyburn.
John Pickering: '''John Pickering''' (d. [[1645]]), parliamentarian: brother of Sir Gilbert Pickering; of Gray's Inn, 1634; commanded a regiment in the Earl of Manchester's army and in the new model army.

[edit] Section 1103

Thomas Pickering: '''Thomas Pickering''' (d. [[1475]]), genealogist : abbot of St. Hilda's monastery at Whitby, 1462; compiled genealogies of a few Yorkshire families.
Sir William Pickering: '''Sir William Pickering''' ([[1516]]-[[1575]]), courtier and diplomatist; educated at Cambridge; appointed ambassador in France, 1551, but after Queen Mary's accession recalled; joined the opponents of the Spanish marriage: involved in Wyatt's conspiracy, but eventually pardoned; one of the lieutenants of London, 1569.
William Pickering: '''William Pickering''' ([[1796]]-[[1854]]), publisher; commenced business (1820) in Lincoln's Inn Fields; published theDiamond Classics 1821-31; removed to
Pickersgill: '''Pickersgill''' 1041
Pierrepont: '''Pierrepont''' 21 Chancery Lane, IM2I, ami 1H30) adopted t mark of tinAldine press; increased bis reputation l his Aldine edition of tin* English poets in fifty-three rotmMi; hi.- last ilay- troubled I y pecuniary em barrassments, doe to the failure ot a friend for whom be lind stood security.
Frederick Richard Pickersgill: '''Frederick Richard Pickersgill''' ([[1810]]1900), historical punter: nephew,,f..,,rv William 1 Vk,, --ill: taught by bis uncle, William Frederick Withi-rington; studied at Royal Academy schools, and exhibiteil h.-tv.vn 1M9 and 1876; 1LA., 1847; keeper ami tru,f,,,t Koval A.-adrmy. l*7.Vs7. Hi- work* include The Burial of Harold at Waltbam Abbey, 1 which gained prize at Westminster Hall, 1847, and wan purchased for the houses of parliament.
Hexry Hall Picxersgill: '''Hexry Hall Picxersgill''' (rf. [[1861]]), painter : -..u..f H.-nry William IMckersgill; exhibited at I the Royal Academy from 1834.
Henry William Pickersgill: '''Henry William Pickersgill''' ([[1782]]-[[1875]]), painter; first exhibited at the Hoyal Academy, 1806; subsequently devoted himself to portrait-painting; R.A., 1826; obtained after the death of Thomas Phillips (17701845) almost a monopoly of painting the portraits of men and women of eminence.
Edward Pickford: '''Edward Pickford''' (. [[1657]]). See DANIEL,
Edward: '''Edward'''
Thk Spy Pickle: '''Thk Spy Pickle''' (pseudonym). See MACDONKLL,
Ruadh Alastaih: '''Ruadh Alastaih''' , [[1726]] 7-[[1761]].
Henry Pickworth: '''Henry Pickworth''' ( [[1678]]?-! [[738]] ?), writer against the quakers; joined the quakers in Lincolnshire, but soon after holding an unsuccessful disputation with Francis Bugg, 1701, renounced his beliefs, and began writing against his former opinions,
Pictoh: '''Pictoh''' Sm JAMES ALLAN80N ([[1805]]-[[1889]]), antiquary and architect; executed some important buildings about Liverpool, and became an authority on land arbitrations; entered the Liverpool town council, 1849; originated the Liverpool public library and museum, and did much other useful work; his principal literary work, 4 Memorials of Liverpool 1873; knighted, 1881.
Picton: '''Picton''' Sm THOMAS ([[1768]]-[[1815]]), lieutenantgeneral; younger son of Thomas Picton of Poyston, Pembrokeshire; entered the 12th foot, 1771; lieutenant, 1777; captain, 75th foot, 1778; checked an Incipient mutiny by his promptitude on the disbandment of his regiment, 1783; major, 68th foot, 1795; took a distinguished part in the capture of St. Lucia, 1796, and was nominated lieutenant-colonel; appointed by Sir Ralph Abercromby commander and military governor after the capture of Trinidad, 1797; appointed (1801) to the civil government of the island; his rule popular with the influential inhabitants, but serious charges of cruelty made against him in consequence of his permitting the use of tortures sanctioned by the Spani.-h law; on the appointment (1802) by Addison of three commissioners, of whom be was one, to govern the island, indignantly tendered his resignation; tried on one of the charges in the court of king's bench, but no judgment delivered against him; became brigadier-general, 1801; major-general, 1808; took part (1809) in the siege and capture of Flushing, and was appointed governor of the town, but shortly afterwards was invalided home; joined the army in Portugal, 1810, and was placed in command of the third division; successfully checked Massena's advance In the pass of San Antonio, 27 Sept. 1810: took a chief part in the pursuit. March 1811, when Massena retreated from the lines of Torres Vedras; prominent in the battle of Fueutes d'Onoro on 6 May 1811; saved his division from an overwhelming force by a brilliant retreat across six miles of level country, while harassed by artillery and cavalry, September 1811: conducted the siege of Badajo., March 1812, led the successful assault in person, and was severely wounded; nominated K.B.; promoted lieutenantgeneral, 1813; at Vittoria forced the passage of the Douro and carried the heights la the centre, his division bearing the brunt of the battle; thanked by the House of Commons seven times for his services in the Peninsula, but on the conclusion of pence was excluded by the ministry trom the list of those honoured: O.C.B., 1815; engaged at Qtiutre Bras in command of the fifth division (1815), M wp.md.-d; shot while leading nil second brigade t the charge at Waterloo. A monument was erected to him in st. Paul's Cathedral, London.
Hknry Jambs Pidding: '''Hknry Jambs Pidding''' ([[1797]]-[[1864]]), humorous : attained some note as a painter of humorous sub jects from domestic life; frequently exhibited at the Society of British Artiste (men.,1 at the Royal Academy
Hknry Piddinoton: '''Hknry Piddinoton''' ([[1797]]-[[1858]]), meteorotogiflt : a commander in the mercantile marine: retired from the sea, c. 1830, and was appointed curator of the Museum of Economic Geology in Calcutta: accumulated important data for determining the course of storms at sea; originated the termcycloneIn his* Sailor's Horn- Book for the Law of Storms 1848.
Hknhy Clark Pidgeon: '''Hknhy Clark Pidgeon''' ([[1807]]-[[1880]]), painter in water-colours and antiquary; practised in London, and afterwards in Liverpool, as a teacher of drawing: exhibited at the Liverpool Academy; returned to London in 1H61; president of the Sketching Club; member of the Institute of Painters in Water-colour-, iKrtl: contributed drawings and papers to various arclm-ologicul journals.
Pierce: '''Pierce''' See also PKAKCK, PKAKSK, PKKKH, I'KIIK K, ami I'IKHS.
Pierce: '''Pierce''' or PEABCE, EDWARD (. [[1698]]X sculptor and mason: practised in London. Among other works lie rebuilt St. Clement Danes in 1680, and executed a marble bust of Oliver Cromwell.
Robert Pierce: '''Robert Pierce''' ([[1622]]-[[1710]]), physician; of Winchester and Lincoln College, Oxford: M.A., 1650; M.D.. 1661; practised in Bath, many famous physicians sending their patients to him; F.R.C.P., 1689; published Bath Memoirs 1697.
Samuel Eyles Pierce: '''Samuel Eyles Pierce''' ([[1746]]-[[1829]]), Calvinist divine: began his ministry as a preacher in Lndy Huntingdon's connexion, 1776; became independent pastor at Truro, 1783, and subsequently a popular London preacher; published theological works.
Pierce: '''Pierce''' or PEIRSE, THOMAS ([[1822]]-[[1691]]), controversialist; fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1643 (expelled by the parliamentary visitors, 1648); M.A., 1644: became tutor to Robert Spencer (afterwards second earl of Smiderland); carried on a bitter attack on the Calvinists, whose tenets he had abandoned in 1644; regained his fellowship at the Restoration, and became chaplain in ordinary to Charles II; president of Magdalen College, Oxford, by Charles II's wish, 1661: his tenure of office stormy; resigned the presidency, 1672; became dean of Salisbury, 1675; quarrelled vehemently with the bishop, Seth Ward His learning and controversial ability are undoubted, but his fierce temper provoked his opponents and his works did more harm than good.
Pierrepont: '''Pierrepont''' Sm EVELYN, first DUKB OK KIN;-
Ston: '''Ston''' first MARQUIS OF DORCHKSTKR of the second creation, and fifth EARI. OF KINGSTON (1665V-1726), grandson of William Pierrepont; M.P., East Betford, 1689 (Convention parliajncnt) and 1690; succeeded bis brother William as fifth earl, 1890; created Marquis of Dorchester, 1706; privy councillor, 1714: created Duke of Kingston, 1715; as a whig obtained the favour of George I: lord-president of the council, 1719-20: K.G., 1719; one of the most prominent leaders of the fashionable world.

[edit] Section 1104

Sir Evelyn Pierrepont: '''Sir Evelyn Pierrepont''' , second DfKK OK
Kingston: '''Kingston''' ([[1711]]-[[1773]]), graudsou of Sir Kvelyn Pierrepout, first duke of Kingston; educated at Eton; took his seat in the House of Lords, 17:13: K.J., 1741: raised a regiment of hone to oppose the Jacobites, 1746, ami was nominated lieutenant-general, 1759.
Henry Pierrepont: '''Henry Pierrepont''' , first MARQITIH o Don-
Chkoter: '''Chkoter''' second EAKI, OK KINGSTON, and first BARON
Pikrrepont: '''Pikrrepont''' ([[1606]]-[[1680]]), eldest son of Robert Pierrepont, flr-t earl of Kingston: educated at Emmanuel College, Cambridge: M.P., Nottinghamshire, as Viscount Newark, 1628-9; summoned to the House of Lords as Baron Pierrepont, 1611; succeeded hU father, 1648; created marquis of Dorchester, 1645; followed Charles I to
Pierkepont: '''Pierkepont''' 1042
Pigott: '''Pigott''' Oxford: winded for his estate, 1647, and studied ana Uwi F.R.C.P., 1658; K.K.S., 1663; privy OTMJH-I 1660-78; according to his biographer hMMWd hit end by taking his own medicines.
Pierrepont: '''Pierrepont''' or PIERREPOINT, ROBERT, first
Baku: '''Baku''' H KINGSTON and first VIM I-N i NKWAHK ([[1684]]1 641), of Oriel College, Oxford; created Viscount Newark, 16*7, and Karl of Kingston-upon-Hull, 1628; endeavoured to remain neutral at the outbreak of the civil war, and iefueal to lend money to Charles I: joined Charles 1, 1643, bat was taken prisoner in July and killed by a chance abot from a royalist battery. I, WILLIAM (1607 ?-1678), politician;
Hoii: '''Hoii''' of Robert Pierrepout, first earl of Kingston ; aat in the Long parliament as M.I, Great Wenlock, and was a leader of the peace party during the early stages of the war: became one of the committee of both kingdoms, 1644, and threw himself with vigour into the conduct of botftilitiea; associated himself with the moderate indepeudenta until Pride's Purge, when he withdrew from politics; remained friendly with Cromwell and his family, and (February 1660) was elected to the new council of state; sat in the Convention parliament for Nottinghamshire; retired into private life, 1661. Lxlv. 267
Piers: '''Piers''' See also PKARCB, PEARSE, PEERS, PEIRCB, and PIKIICK.
Henry Piebs: '''Henry Piebs''' (rf. [[1623]]), author: son of William Piers (rf. 1608); visited Rome, became a Roman catholic, and wrote observations on Rome and other continental towns, which were published, 1896.
Sir Henry Piers: '''Sir Henry Piers''' , first baronet ([[1628]]-1 [[691]]), chorographer; son of Henry Piers; created baronet, 1660; wrote a description of West Mcath (printed, 1774).
Jambs Piers: '''Jambs Piers''' (Jl. [[1631]]-[[1635]]), writer ; probably a sou of Henry Piers; professor of philosophy at Bordeaux; published two Latin treatises.
Peers: '''Peers''' or PEIR8E, JOHN ([[1523]] 7-[[1594]]), successively bishop of Rochester and Salisbury and archbishop of York; fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1545 and 1&49; senior student of Christ Church, Oxford, 1647; M.A., 1549; D.D., 1566: master of Balliol College, Oxford, 1570; bishop of Rochester, 1576; translated to Salisbury, 1577, to York, 1589.
William Piers: '''William Piers''' (rf. [[1603]]), constable of Oarrickferguit: came from Yorkshire to Ireland, c. 1530, and ( 1656), with Richard Bethell, obtained a grant of the couftablohip of Carrickfergus Castle, an outpost which involved him in frequent hostilities with the Hebridean Soots and the O'Neills; defeated the Scots with great loss near Casttereagb, 1669; suspected (1573) of intriguing with Sir Brian MacPbelim, deprived of the constableship, and imprisoned for more than a year; subsequently occupied himself with unsuccessful projects for settling the northern part., of Ireland with the assistance of the native gentry.
Pierse Piers: '''Pierse Piers''' , or PIERCE, WILLIAM ([[1680]]1670), successively bishop of Peterborough and of Bath and Wells; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1603; D.D., 1614; chaplain to John King (16697-1621), bishop of London; became (1622) dean of Peterborough; consecrated bitOiopof Peterborough. 1630: translated to Bath an-1 Wells. 1832; a zealous adherent of Laud: carried out various ceremonial changes in his diocese with a high hand, anl discountenanced Sabbatarianism; impeached, 1640, committed to the Tower of Ixmdon, 1641, and deprived of his bishopric; restored, 1660. PIZR80H. PIERSOK, ABRAHAM (rf. 1678), New England divine: B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge; went out to boaton between 1030 and 1640, and (1640) joined in forming a new settlement on Long Inland called Southampton: removed to Branford, 1664, to Newark, 1666; publish a pamphlet in the Indian tongue, with an Engliah rendering. PIERSOH, originally PEARSON, HKNRY HUGO 16-1873. iun.-ii-iau: son of Hugli Nicholas Pearson t(. jr.: U.A. Trinity ColUv.-. iiinl.ridire, 1830: elected JteW tvofeuor of mivic at Edinburgh University, 1844, but soon afterwards retired to Germany: his greatest work, Jerusalem performed at the Norwich festival of 1862; dial at Leipzig. The Jerusalem gave rise to great controversy, its composer beiug denounced as a follower of Wagner, though in reality his music more resembled that of Schumann. His unfinished oratorio, Hezekiah occasioned the same difference of opinion.
William Henry Pierson: '''William Henry Pierson''' ([[1839]]-[[1881]]), major (late Bengal) engineers; went to India, 1860, and did important engineering work in Sikhim (1861) and in Persia (1863-73) in connection with the Indo-European telegraph; appointed military secretary to Lord Ripoii, 1880: nominated (March 1881) commanding royal engineer of the field force proceediiiy: against the Mahsnd Waziris; died of dysentery while 011 active service.
Oliver Pigg: '''Oliver Pigg''' (J. [[1565]]-[[1591]]), puritan divine; B.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1569; imprisoned at Bury St. Edmunds (1578), for dispraising the Book of Common Prayer; published two devotional treatises and a sermon.
David Richard Pigot: '''David Richard Pigot''' ([[1797]]-[[1873]]), chief baron of the exchequer in Ireland; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1819; called to the Irish bar, 1826; became solicitorgeneral for Ireland, 1839; M.P., Clonmel, 1839, 1840, and 1841; attorney-general, 1840-1; chief baron of the exchequer in Ireland, 1846-73.
Elizabeth Bridget Pigot: '''Elizabeth Bridget Pigot''' ([[1783]]-[[1866]]), friend and correspondent of Lord Byron; lived at Southwell on Burgage Green, where in 1804 Byron and his mother settled, occupying Burgage Manor; corresponded regularly with Byron till 1811, and during the rest of her long life amused herself and her friends with narrating the minute incidents of her intimacy with the poet.
Pigot: '''Pigot''' Sm GEORGE, BARON PIGOT and first baronet (1719-1777), governor of Madras; arrived at Madras, 1737; became governor, 1755; conducted the defence of the city against Lally with skill and spirit, 1768-9; resigned office, 1763; created baronet, 1764, and an Irish baron, 1766; created LL.D. Cambridge, 1769; again nominated governor of Madras, 1775, but soon found himself at variance with his council in regard to the restoration of the raja of Tanjore, which he had been ordered by the directors to carry out; found that the majority were determined to overrule him in regard to the details of the restoration, and refused to sign the instructions drawn up by the council in regard to the matter; eventually regained a majority by preferring charges against two of the members, and thus debarring them from voting, to which step the council replied by a coup de main, and he was arrested by their order; died in confinement. In England opinion was nearly equally divided among the proprietors of the East India Company, but before the news of his death was known he was declared restored to his office and ordered to give up the government to his successor within a week.
Sir Henry Pigot: '''Sir Henry Pigot''' ([[1750]]-[[1840]]), general ; son of Hugh Pigot (1721 ?-1792); entered the army, 1769; commanded at the blockade of Malta, 1800; general, 1812; G.C.M.G., 1837.
Hugh Pigot: '''Hugh Pigot''' ([[1721]] 7-[[1792]]), admiral ; brother of Sir George Pigot, baron Pigot; entered the navy as anable seaman lieutenant, 1742; commander, 1746; rear-admiral, 1776; lord of the admiralty, 17b2; admiral of the blue, 1782; commander-in-chief in the West Indies (1782), superseding Rodney.
Hugh Pigot: '''Hugh Pigot''' ([[1769]]-[[1797]]), captain in the navy ; son of Hugh Pigot (1721V-1792); entered the navy, 1782; nominated to command the Hermioue, 1797, when his cruelty caused the crew to mutiny, kill nearly ah 1 the officers, and hand the ship over to the Spaniards.

[edit] Section 1105

Sir Robert Pigot: '''Sir Robert Pigot''' , second baronet ([[1720]]-[[1796]]), lieutenant-general; colonel, 1772; fought at Lexington and Bunker's Hill, 1775; succeeded his hrother,Sir George Pigot, baron Pigot, in his baronetcy, 1778; lieutenant-general, 1789.
Pigott: '''Pigott''' Sm AUTHUll LKAUV ([[1752]]-[[1819]]), attorney-general; barrister, Middle Temple, 1777; bencher, 1 799; matriculated at University College, Oxford, 1778; commenced practice at Grenada, where he
Pigott: '''Pigott''' 104S
Pilkington: '''Pilkington''' became attorney-general; K.O., 1783; became attorneygeneral (1806) under the administration of -All the Tal. uts retiring with the ministry in 1807; knighted, 1806; M.P., Steyning, 180(5, Arundel, 1806-19.
Charles Pioott: '''Charles Pioott''' (d. [[1794]]), author; brother of Robert Pigott; was, like Robert, an ardent champion of the French revolution, and published a reply to Burke ( 1 79 1 ) and other works.
Edward Pioott: '''Edward Pioott''' (A [[1768]]-[[1807]]X astronomer: son of Nathaniel Pigott q. v.); aided hU father 1 * geodetic operations in Flanders, 1772; introduced John Uoodrickc to astronomy; made several important observations and discoveries.
Pioott: '''Pioott''' Sin FRANCIS ([[1608]]-[[1537]]).
Sik Gillbry Pioott: '''Sik Gillbry Pioott''' ([[1818]]-[[1875]]), baron of the exchequer; barrister, Middle Temple, 1839; serjeant-atlaw, l56; M.P., Reading, 1860-3; baron of the exchequer, 1863; knighted, 1863.
Harriet Pioott: '''Harriet Pioott''' ([[1766]]-[[1839]]), authoress ; niece of Robert Pigott; published Records of Real Life 1839, and other works.
Nathaniel Pioott: '''Nathaniel Pioott''' (d. [[1804]] X astronomer ; chiefly remembered for his geodetic work for the Austrian government in 1772 with a view to determining the geographical position of the chief towns in the Low Countries.
Richard Pigott: '''Richard Pigott''' ([[1828]]7-[[1889]]), Irish journalist and forger; errand-boy in the Nation office, and afterwards manager of theIrishman(proprietor, 1866); sold bis journalistic property to the laud league, 1879, and began to blackmail his political associates in order to support himself; began to traffic with * The Times newspaper in information connecting the leading Irish home rulers with murders and outrages, 1886; caused by the serious nature of the charges made in the articles entitled 'Parnelltem and Crimethe appointment of a special judicial commission (1888) to investigate their truth; appeared as a witness, but broke down under crossexamination, February 1889; tied to Madrid, where he committed suicide.
Robert Pioott: '''Robert Pioott''' ([[1736]]-[[1794]]), food and dress reformer; a gentleman of Shropshire; sold his otatf, 1776, and retired to the continent, where he made the acquaintance of Voltaire, Franklin, and Brissot; condemned the use of bread, advocated putting prisoners on a vegetable diet to reclaim them, and maintained the superiority of caps over hats; died at Toulouse.
Pik Pike: '''Pik Pike''' , or PYKE, JOHN (. [[1322]] V), chronicler : master of the schools at St. Martiu-te-Graud. London; several of his compilations in the Harleiau and Aruudcl MSB.
John Baxter Pike: '''John Baxter Pike''' ([[1746]]-[[1811]]), writer on horticulture: doctor in London; contributed letters to the 'Monthly Magazineon horticulture, poultry farming, and kindred subjects.
John Deodatus Gregory Pike: '''John Deodatus Gregory Pike''' ([[1784]]-[[1864]]), baptist; pastor of the Baptist Church, Brook Street, Derby, 1810-64; editor of The General Baptist Repository 1822-64; his religious tracts widely circulated in England and America.
Pike: '''Pike''' or PEAKE, RICHARD ( Jl. [[1620]]-[[1626]]), adventurer; took part in the attack on Algiers ( 1620) made by Sir Robert Mausell; taken prisoner (W25) in the attack on Cadiz; published (1626) an account of his adventures on his return to England.
Richard Pike: '''Richard Pike''' ([[1834]]-[[1893]]), master-mariner ; was in command of the Proteus when she was nipped in the puck-ice off Cape Subine; after extreme hardship reached Upernavik with his companions, where they were rescued.
Samuel Pike: '''Samuel Pike''' ([[1717]] y-[[1773]]),Saudemunian; became an independent minister, and (1757) adopted the k- of Robert Sainlriium: published thwli-:il ami devotional works.
Fuller Pilch: '''Fuller Pilch''' ([[1803]]-1*70), cricketer; a nativr of Norfolk: tiivt appeared at Lord's at the age of seven teen, and continued to play till 1854: first bat of bis day until the appearance of George Parr
George Pilcher: '''George Pilcher''' ([[1801]]-[[1856]]), aural surgeon: for many years *n"lng surgeon to the Surrey DUMMH. u:.:.. m tsOow, Uajti Osfcfi.; -.r,,.n-, 1843; published three treatises on aural surgery.
Pilfold: '''Pilfold''' JuiiN ([[1776]] V-[[1884]]), captain to the navy ; entered the navyw 1788; commanded the Ajax at the battle of Trafalgar, when a first lieutenant, and was In consequence advanced to post rank, 1806.
Sir Andrew Pilkinotow: '''Sir Andrew Pilkinotow''' ([[1767]]f-[[188]]), lieu :..:..::..!..-;. vice in all parts of the world; K.C.B. 1888; lieutenant, general, 1841.
Francis Pilkinoton: '''Francis Pilkinoton''' ([[1560]] ?-[[1625]] ?), lutenist and musical composer; Mus. Bac. Lincoln College, Oxford, 1696; minor canon and chaunter of Chester Cathedral, 1623-4. His compositions were not marked by much originality.
Gilbert Pilkinoton: '''Gilbert Pilkinoton''' (Jl. [[1850]]), reputod author of The Tournament of Tottenham a burlesque In vene onthe parade and fopperies of chivalry The eariiwt manuscript of the piece (hi the Cambridge University library) bears his signature, but it is doubtful if he was more than copyist.
James Pilkington: '''James Pilkington''' ([[1520]] V-[[1676]]), first protestaut bishop of Durham; of Pembroke Hall and St. John's College, Cambridge; elected fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1539; M.A., 1542; B.D., 1551; president, 1550; fled to the continent ( 1554), being a protestaut, but returned on Queen Elizabeth's accession; was master of St. John's College (1559-61), and regius professor of divinity, 1569; bishop of Durham, 1561-76. He assisted In the revision of the Book of Common Prayer (1568-9), and in settling the Thirty-nine Articles promulgated in 1562. Several of his writings survive. xlv. 298

[edit] Section 1106

Pilkington: '''Pilkington''' LTITIA ([[1712]]-[[1750]]), adventuress; daughter of Van Leweu, a man-midwife; married Matthew Pilkiugton (Jl. 1729-1733), 1729; became acquainted with Swift, and rapidly gained his favour, her remlir.-i-.:!..- being one of the chief authorities for Swift's later years; was subsequently separated from her husband, after which she set up a small bookshop in St. James's Street, London. HerMemoirs written by herself, appeared in 1748.
Leonard Pilkington: '''Leonard Pilkington''' ([[1527]] V-[[1599]]), master Of St. John's College, Cambridge; brother of James Pilkington q. v.l; B.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1544; admitted fellow. 1546, but ejected as a protestaut on Mary's accession; fled to Frankfort, but on Queen Elizabeth's accession returned to Cambridge; was re-elected a senior fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, subsequently being master, 1561-4.
Lionel Scott Pilkington: '''Lionel Scott Pilkington''' , adieu JACK HAWLKY (1828-1875), sportsman and eccentric; educated at Rugby; only sou of Redmond William Pilkiugton; o!evelopcd a strong love for stable life, and although a man of property served Sir Joseph Henry Hawley as a groom, and afterwards adopted the surname of Hawley and settled at Doucaster.
Mary Pilkington: '''Mary Pilkington''' ([[1766]]-[[1839]]), writer; n6e Hopkins; married (1786) a surgeon named Pilkwgtou; published over fifty volumes of fiction, poetry, and biography,
Matthew Pilkington: '''Matthew Pilkington''' (Jl. [[1729]]-[[1733]]), poet; t poor Irish parson; married Lwtitia Pilkingtou, 1729; attracted the attention of Swift by his.-ervility, but afterwards forfeited it by his baseness: obtained by Swift's influence the post of chaplain to the lord mayor of London, 1732.
Matthew Pilkington: '''Matthew Pilkington''' (d. [[1765]]), author ; LL.B. Jesus College, Cambridge, 1728; prebendary of Lichfieki, 1748-65; published A Rational Concordance, or an Index to the Bible 1749.
Matthew Pilkington: '''Matthew Pilkington''' ([[1705]]-[[1766]]), divine and author of the Dictionary of 1aimers; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1722; vicar of Douabate and 1'ortrahau; author of The Gentleman's and Connoisseur's Dictionary of I'aintfn-,* publislr-il, 1770. ") X _
Pilkington: '''Pilkington''' 1044
Pinney: '''Pinney'''
Redmond William Pilkinoton: '''Redmond William Pilkinoton''' ([[1789]]-[[1844]]), architect: BOO of William Pilkinirtou; carried out the additions at the London Charterhouse commeiiced by his father.
Hiohard Pilkinoton: '''Hiohard Pilkinoton''' ([[1568]] V-[[1631]]X protestant controversialist: probably a nephew of.lames Pilkington q. T.j: M.A. Kniniauiiel College, Cambridge, 1593 (ineorPOnitad M.A. ixfonl.l5'J.: IM t -.i.vnV (oll.-L'inxfopl. 1607; rector of Hatnbledon, Buckinghamshire, 1596-1631: wrote Parallela 1618, in reply to Anthony Champney q..)
Robert Pilkington: '''Robert Pilkington''' ([[1765]]-[[1834]]), major-general and Inspector-general of fortifications: entered the royal artillery, 1787: transferred to the royal engineers, 1789; ore pending royal engineer at Gibraltar, 1818-30; inspector-general, 1833.
Sik Thomas Pilkington: '''Sik Thomas Pilkington''' (rf. [[1691]]), lord mayor of London: a staunch whig; distinguished himself in the city of London by his opposition to the Duke of York: imprisoned for nearly four years (1682-6) for tcandalum magtuUum in consequence of rash speeches against the duke: thrice lord mayor, 1689, 1690, and 1691; M.P. for the city of London, 1689; knighted by William III, 1689.
William Pilkinoton: '''William Pilkinoton''' ([[1758]]-[[1848]]X architect; had a large practice in London, and was employed at Salisbury as surveyor and architect by the Earl of Radnor.
James Pillans: '''James Pillans''' ([[1778]]-[[1864]]), Scottish educational reformer; M.A. Edinburgh, 1801; rector of the Edinburgh High School, 1810-20; professor of humanity and UWB * at Edinburgh University, 1820-63; improved the system of education both at the high school and the university; highly successful as a disciplinarian and teacher of Latin literature.
Jean Pillkment: '''Jean Pillkment''' ([[1727]]-[[1808]]), painter; born at Lyons; came to England before 1757: painted landscapes, marine pieces, and genre subjects in a theatrical and artificial style; returned in later life to Lyons, where he died.
Frederick Pilon: '''Frederick Pilon''' ([[1750]]-[[1788]]), actor and dramatist; first appeared on the stage at Edinburgh and afterwards drifted to London, where from 1778 he wrote clever ephemeral plays for Covent Garden and Drury Lane. PM, BEDFORD OLAPPERTON TREVELYAN (1816-1886), admiral: entered the navy, 1842; served under Sir Edward Belcher in Franklin search expedition, 1852, and rescued Sir Robert John Le Mesurier MrClurc; retired from active service, 1861, and (1873) commenced to practise at the bar in admiralty cases, being (1873) a barrister of Gray's Inn; published nn'scollaiRiiu- works.
Christopher Pinchbeck: '''Christopher Pinchbeck''' ([[1670]]V-[[1732]]), clockmaker: invented the copper and zinc alloy called after huii. No contemporary mention of the metal called after him has been discovered.
Christopher Pinchbeck: '''Christopher Pinchbeck''' ([[1710]] V-[[1783]]), iuven: POU of Christopher Pinchbeck (16"0?-1732). Among his paUmte wa one for snuffers, which lone held
Edward: '''Edward''' (. [[1732]]-[[1738]]), clock the market.
Pinchbeck: '''Pinchbeck''' ., maker: eldest son of Christopher Pinchbeck (1670 ?-1732) ; succeeded to his father's business in Fleet Street, a; v ?, r PDfK ROBERT O573-1647), warden of New- College, Oxford; of Winchester College and New B2! t 2 X S 0r ? S,!L A " 1802: D D " 1619: fdlow of New allege, Oxford, 1596; became warden, 1617; a close ally of Laud in his measures for the reorganisation of the univerfctUig to draw up the new statutes; took measures for the defence of Oxford, 1642, and was arrested and sent x London, but contrived to get back to Oxford, where he sent as ambassador to Turkey, 1611; knighted in Kn;_'laud. 1620; finally returned to England, 1623; brought home some remarkable jewels, several of which came into possession of the crown.
Pkter Pindar: '''Pkter Pindar''' (pseudonym). See WOLCOT, Jonx, 1738-1819.
Sir Benjamin Ohilley Campbell Pine: '''Sir Benjamin Ohilley Campbell Pine''' (1809-1891), colonial governor; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1840; barrister, Gray's Inn, 1841; acteil as temporary governor of Sierra Leone, 1848, displaying much military capacity, and was governor of Natal, 18491866; knighted, 1856; governor of the Gold Coast, 1856-9: lieutenant-governor of St. Christopher, 1859-69; govemoriu-chief of the Leeward islands, 1869-73; K.C.M.G., 1871; governor of Natal, 1873-5.
John Pine: '''John Pine''' ([[1690]]-[[1756]]), engraver; practised in London; probably pupil of Bernard Picart, whom he resembled in style.
Robert Edge Pine: '''Robert Edge Pine''' ([[1730]]-[[1788]]), painter; son of John Pine; devoted himself to history and portrait-painting, and obtained much success; painted numerous portraits of actors and actresses; also (1771) of Brass Crosby, Wilkes, and Richard Oliver, while they were in the Tower of London; settled in Philadelphia, 1783.

[edit] Section 1107

Benjamin Pingo: '''Benjamin Pingo''' ([[1749]]-[[1794]]), herald; son of Thomas Pingo; rougedragon pursuivant, 1780; York herald, 1786.
John Pingo: '''John Pingo''' (ft. [[1768]]-[[1786]]), medallist; son of Thomas Pingo; appointed assistant-engraver to the mint, c. 1786.
Lewis Pingo: '''Lewis Pingo''' ([[1743]]-[[1830]]), medallist ; son of Thomas Pingo; succeeded his father as assistant-engraver at the mint, 1776; chief engraver, 1779-1815.
Thomas Pingo: '''Thomas Pingo''' ([[1692]]-[[1776]]), medallist; born in Italy; came to England, c. 1742-5; assistant-engraver at the mint, 1771-6.
Charles Richard Pink: '''Charles Richard Pink''' ([[1853]]-[[1889]]), architect : designed a number of houses and schoolsand a few churches, especially in Hampshire; F.R.I.B.A., 1886.
Robert Pink: '''Robert Pink''' ([[1573]]-[[1647]]).
William Pinke: '''William Pinke''' ([[1599]] ?-[[1629]]), author : probably related to Robert Piiick; M.A. Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1622; elected fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1628; published a translation and a popular devotional work.
John Pinkerton: '''John Pinkerton''' ([[1758]]-[[1826]]), Scottish antiquary and historian; published (1783)Select Scottish Ballads several of which he forged, and ( 1 784) an Essay on Medals a valuable work, which introduced him to Horace Walpole and Gibbon; published, 1786, his important volumes of 'Ancient Scottish Poems in the preface of which he detailed his former forgeries; published, 1797, his History of Scotland from the Accession of the House of Stuart to that of Mary His powers of research were greater than his literary talent.
William Pinkethman: '''William Pinkethman''' (rf. [[1725]]), actor; held originally a low rank at the Theatre Royal, London, but was established in the favour of the Groundlings by a tendency to overact and to introduce vulgar and impertinent business and rose in time to be a competent performer; subsequently acted at Drury Lane, London, where he bad many original parts, and though after the union with the Hay market company in 1708 he obtained fewer original characters, was assigned important parts in standard plays; a clown rather than a comedian, imitating Anthony Leigh E (1768-1835), physician; M.D. . 17 W: appointed a physician to 1795, visiting the West Indies with Sir Ralph ***!** 1111011: POWM1Notes on the We*t , 1806; physician of the Bloomabury Dispensary lor thirty years. 8 " 1 PAUL OW57-1650). diplomatist; a .c. 1683-1602; consul at Aleppo, 1609-11;
Miles Pinkney: '''Miles Pinkney''' ([[1599]]-[[1674]]).
Thomas: '''Thomas''' See CARRE,
Charles Pinney: '''Charles Pinney''' ([[1793]]-[[1867]]), mayor of Bristol : held the office of mayor in 1831 during the riots caused by the rejection of the Reform Bill: thrice read the riot act, and ran the risk of losing his life, the mob being finally dispersed only by the military, who fired on the people; tried in the king's bench for neglect of duty, 1832, but acquitted by the jury.
Pinnock: '''Pinnock'''
Pitcarne: '''Pitcarne'''
William Pinnock: '''William Pinnock''' 17*2 [[1843]]. publisher and educational rit.-r; IH.VIUI lift- as a Hampshire school in.i-u-r: went to London, 1*17, and inonmnrlion with SumuH Maunder cumuli-need -lu.nl. u.-rries i.i manual- l popular in.-tru.-tion, which nut with extraordinary success, aiul were collect, u. the .iiiv.-ni;.- OyckMMMlft.-till more enocexstui In abridgment* of Goldsmith's histories ot Knvland. (ireeoa, :inl Koine, and his -fries of iiini histories; lost much mone by a mania for speculation,
William Hkxry Pinnock: '''William Hkxry Pinnock''' ([[1811]]-[[1885]]). diune :md author;.-on ot Villiniu I'innovk q. v.J: U..I. Corpu, i-hri-ti College. Cambridge. 1W5 ( incorporated at Monl, 1869); vicar o! I'inn.-r, lx7l-M5: in l.iyears compiled, like his father, elementary text-book*, and was also the author of several works upon etvlesiatieul laws and usages,
Oh Ahlotte Pinto: '''Oh Ahlotte Pinto''' (d. [[180]]S).
George Frederic Pinto: '''George Frederic Pinto''' ([[1787]]-[[1806]]), violinist and musical composer; grandson of Thomas Pinto: tnivt-llwl with Johann Peter Salomon Fq. v. afu-r IN HI, playing with great success at Oxford, Oambridirf, Hath, and onftMUBD. He wrote aouatas for pianoforte solos and with violin, as well as a large number of songs.
Thomas Pinto: '''Thomas Pinto''' ([[1710]] V-[[1773]]), violinist: of Neapolitan origiu; was at an early afe a remarkable player, but became careless and neglected to practise; roused to greater efforts by the arrival in England ( 1 760) and success of Giardiui: recovered his position in part, but was unsuccessful in a theatrical venture.
George John Pinwell: '''George John Pinwell''' ([[1842]]-[[1875]]), watercolour painter; began his professional career (1863) by designing and drawing on wood, chiefly for the brothers Dalziel; member of the Water-colour Society, 1870.
Hester Lynch Piozzi: '''Hester Lynch Piozzi''' ([[1741]]-[[1821]]), friend of Dr. Johnson: only child of John Salusbury of Bachycraig, Flintshire; was, after her father's death (1762), married against her inclinations to Henry Thrale, the son of a wealthy brewer, 1763; began an intimacy with Dr. Johnson, which became famous (1764), Johnson being (1765) almost domesticated at Thrate's house at Streatham Park, and accompanying the Thralesto Wales in 1774 and to France in 1775; lost her husband, 1781, and, though the mother of several daughters, married (1784) Gabriel Piozai, an Italian Roman catholic musician; went with her husband to Italy, this marriage being naturally disapproval by the society of that time; wrote in Italy her l Anecdotes of the late Samuel Johnson (1786), a book which gives a very lively picture of Dr. Johnson, though frequently coloured by personal feelings; returned to England, 1787, and was well received: settled attrentham Park; left Streatham (1795) for Bachycraig, where she passed the remainder of her days; after her husband's death (1809), adopted his nephew, John Piozzi, who took her maiden name, Salisbury; published (1788) her correspondence with Dr. Johnson, and other works.
Pipre: '''Pipre''' or PIPER, FRANCIS LB (rf. [[1698]]). See
Lki: '''Lki''' -II-HK.
Piran: '''Piran''' or PIRANTJS (ft. [[550]]), saint ; usually identiflal with Saint Ciaran (ft. 500-560) The names are identical p in Britain being identical with the Irish t. The history of the two saints is in its main features the same, though the Irish lives of St Oiaran do not record his migration to Cornwall. He holds a foremost place in Cornish liagiology, being the patron saint of Cornwall, or, at least, of all miners. The ruins of his oratory at Perrauzabuloe were laid bare in 1835 by the shifting of the sands.
Alexander Pirie: '''Alexander Pirie''' ([[1737]]-[[1804]]), Scottish divine; appointed teacher in philosophy In the anti-burgher divinity school at Abernethy: joined the burghers, 1763, but (1769) being suspended for heresy, joined the independents; held exceptionally liberal religious views for his time; published theological works.

[edit] Section 1108

William Robinson Pirie: '''William Robinson Pirie''' ([[1804]]-[[1885]]), protenor of divinity and principal of the university of Aberdeen: studied at University and King's College, Aberdeen; minister of Dyce, l3U-43: professor of divinity at ual College, Aberdeen, 1843-60; hon. D.D. Marischal and King's College*, Aberdeen, 1844; professor of divinity and. lam h history at MarUchal and King College*, -.; moderator of the church of Scotland, 1864; pal of Aberdeen University. 1876-W: published theological works.
William Pirrie: '''William Pirrie''' (1X07-[[1881]]), surgeon: M.A. Aberdeen, 1825; M.I). Minl.urtfh. 1*29: became firnt . -llexe, Aberdeen, 1839; and on tin-,m...i, of MariHchal ami King's College, Aberdeen, i860, continued to teach professor; an intrepid awl successful operator, and recognised in later life a* the foremost surgeon in the north Of Scotland.
Benedetto Pistrucci: '''Benedetto Pistrucci''' [[1784]]-18**), gem-engraver and medallist: born in Home; noil of a judge of the high criminal court in Home; commenced work in Rome, proceeding to Paris in 181 4, and to London in 1815: modelled the portrait of Sir Joseph Banks, who sent him to the master of the mint, for whom he modelled the St. George and the Dragon on the reverse of the gold coinage; performed the duties of chief engraver from 1x17. ami (1828) was nominated chief medallist. As a gem-engraver his reputation stands high, and be imparted to the English coinage a distinction of rtyle that bad long been absent.
Pitcairn: '''Pitcairn'''
David Pitoairn: '''David Pitoairn''' ([[1749]]-[[1809]]), physician ; brother of Robert Pitcairn (17477-1770?); M.D. Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, 1784; began to practise in London, 1779; succeeded bis uncle, William Pitcairn as physician to St Bartholomew's Hospital. 1780; F.1U.I, 1785.
Robert Pitcairn: '''Robert Pitcairn''' ([[1520]] 7-[[1584]]), commcudator of Duufermline and Scottish secretary of state; became commendator of Dunfermline, 1561; chosen a lord of the articles, 1567, and an extraordinary lord of session, 1568; accompanied Moray to the conference at York (1568) in I reference to the charges against Queen Mary; succeeded William Maitland (1528V-1573) as secretary of I state, 1570; a party to the conspiracy against Morton, j 1578, and, after the regent's fall, was one of the new ! council of twelve chosen to govern in the name of James VI; had a chief share in contriving the raid of Ruthven, 1582, and did his utmost to hinder the couuter I 1 revolution of 1583, which deprived him of most of his influence.
Robert Pitcairn: '''Robert Pitcairn''' ([[1747]] 7-[[1770]] ?), midshipman : is remembered as the first to sight Pitcairn's island I (named after him), on 2 July, 1767, which was afterwards the home of the mutineers of the Bounty; lost at sea.
Robert Pitcairn: '''Robert Pitcairn''' ([[1793]]-[[1856]]), antiquary and miscellaneous writer; published Trials before the High Court in Scotland (3 vols. 1833), which attracted the attention of Sir Walter Scott.
William Pitcairn: '''William Pitcairn''' ([[1711]]-[[1791]]), physician; M.D. Rheims; M.D. Oxford, 1749; was physician to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, 1750-80, where a ward is named after him; president of the Royal College of Physicians, 1775-86.
Archibald Pitcairne: '''Archibald Pitcairne''' ([[1652]]-[[1713]]), physician and poet; studied law at Edinburgh and Paris; M.A. Edinburgh, 1671; turned his attention to medicine, and commenced to practise in Edinburgh, c. 1681; professor of physic at Leydeu, 1692, resigning his chair, however (1693) and returning to Edinburgh; suspected of being at heart an atheist, chiefly on account of his mockery of the puritanical strictness of the presbyteriaii church; reputed author of two satirical work*,The Assembly, or Scotch Reformation: a Comedy 1692, and Habel, a i Satirical Poem 1692; wrote also a number of Latin 1 verses, some of which appear in Svlei-ta I'wmata A. Pitcaruii et aliormn(1727). He was one of the most celebrated physicians of his time.
Alexander Pitcarne: '''Alexander Pitcarne''' ([[1622]]7-[[1696]]), Scottish : presbyteriau divine; M.A. St. Salvator's College, St. An drews, 1643: regent of St Salvator's College, St. Andrews, 1648-56; minister of Dron. 1666-62: deprived, lf.62. but iMTinitted by the bishop to discharge his duties: again deprived, 1681, uud troops quartered on his parishi
Pitman: '''Pitman''' 1040
Pitt: '''Pitt''' restored, 1690; appointed principal of St. Mary's College, St Andrews, 169S: published controversial works, the belt known being Tlie Spiritual Sacrifice 16C4.
Sir Isaac Pitman: '''Sir Isaac Pitman''' ([[1813]]-[[1897]]), inventor of phouography: master of school at Barton-on-Himiber, Linrolnrtiire, 183S, and at Wootton-under-Edge, GUODOMtanhlre, 1836-7; dismissed (1837) for joining the New Church founded by Emmanuel Swedenborg; established and conducted ( 1 839-43) school at Bath; learned shorthand system of Samuel Taylor. and, with object of popularisim: the art, published at fourpcnceStenographic SoundIland 1837, substituting phonographic for the mainly orthographic methods adopted by former shorthand authors, a penny plate entitle 1 Phonography appearing, in 1840, and fuller explanations of the system being published in 1840 and subsequent years; issued numerous instruction books and standard works printed in shorthand characters; with assistance of Alexander John Kills advocated spelling reform; knighted, 1894. His system, which lias been adapted to several foreign I'iMirtiagtt*, has to a very large extent superseded all others.
John Rogers Pitman: '''John Rogers Pitman''' ([[1782]]-[[1861]]), divine and author: M.A. Pembroke College, Cambridge, 1815; well known in London as a preacher, prolific writer, compiler, and editor. xlv. 338}
Pitmeddeh: '''Pitmeddeh''' LoiU) ([[1639]]?-[[1719]]). See SETON, Sm
Alkxaxdkr: '''Alkxaxdkr'''
Arthur Pits: '''Arthur Pits''' ([[1557]]-[[1634]]?), Roman catholic priest ; studied at Oxford and Douay, and returned to England (1581) as one of a company of forty-seven priests sent from Douay during the year; arrested, 1682, and banished, 1586: imprisoned for a time on a charge of disaffection to the French king, due to his patriotism: made canon when Pope Urban VIII re-established the English hierarchy, 1623.
Pits: '''Pits''' or PirSEUS, JOHN ([[1560]]-[[1616]]), Roman catholic divine and biographer; studied at Winchester College, New College, Oxford (probationer-fellow, 1578), and Rome, and passed most of his life in Germany and Lorraine; principal work, Relationum Historioarum de Rebus Anglicis Tom. I (1619), the most valuable part being that dealing with the biographies of catholic writers after the Reformation.
Robert Op Pitscottie: '''Robert Op Pitscottie''' ([[1500]]?-[[1565]]?). See Li XI WAV.
Pitsligo: '''Pitsligo''' fourth and last BARON FORBES OP ([[1678]]1762).
Ann Pitt: '''Ann Pitt''' ([[1720]]?-[[1799]]), actress; appeared as Miss Pitt at Drury Lane, London, under Garrick in 1748, after some practice in the country; first advertised as Mrs. Pitt, 3 Oct. 1755; among her most notable characters the nurse inRomeo and Juliet which she played to many famous Juliets, and Mrs. Croaker in theGoodnatured Man continued on the stage until the age of H-venty-two.
Christopher Pitt: '''Christopher Pitt''' f. [[699]]-[[1748]]), poet and translator: of Winchester College and Wadham and New (Alleges, Oxford; fellow of New College, 1721; M.A., 124; presented in 1722 to the rectory of Pimpernel wh.iv ht- resided till his death; had some acquaintance nth Pope, and published a translation of Virgil's Eneid in 1 1 40, which has been included in many collected editn.li* of English poete. M * PI J T i, Kl) r"n: flr8t BAROS RlVKns 0722?-1803), M.A. Magdalen College, Oxford, 1739; D.C.L., 1746; whig M.P. for _ Shaftesbury, 1742, Dorset, 1747-74; created baron, 1,76; filial several diplomatic posts; published Letters to a Young Nobleman 1784, and other works - 181 dancer; . v.l; appeared chiefly at Covent Garden; the name of Mrs Davenet, to distinguish her from 5TnH&i5: r mother of Thomas John Dibdin irles Dibdin J J HN, "cond EARL op CHATHAM (1756 v ?L Wimam Pltt - flrst "* l of Chatham Sri'tV ?? the army, 1778: firsfc lorA of th Srtnriri ?*i 7 o P A Vy uncillor "89; K.G., 1790; W priry seal, 1794-6; president of the council, 1796 1801; master of the ordnance, 1801-C; was keenly disappointed by the appointment of Wellesley to command I in the Peninsula, 1808, and a? a consolation was placed in j command of the Walcheren expedition, 1809; proved himself quite unequal to the task assigned him, and on failure of the expedition blamed the naval commander, Sir Hiohard John Strachan, for the result; his reputation ruined by the ensuing inquiry; general, 1812; governor of Gibraltar, 1820-35.
Moses Pitt: '''Moses Pitt''' (ft. [[1654]]-[[1696]]), publisher and author: chiefly known for his publication of The English Atlas ;i work formerly held in great estimation (maps based on Janssen's atlas). Of this work four volumes and part of a fifth appeared between 1680 and 1682, but it was not a , pecuniary success, and in 1689-91 he was imprisoned for ! tebt
Robert Pitt: '''Robert Pitt''' ([[1653]]-[[1713]]), physician; fellow of : Wadham College, Oxford, 1674; M.A., 1675: M.D., 1682; F.M.S., 1682; censor, Royal College of Physicians, 1687 and 1 702; physician to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, 1698-1707; published several pamphlets against the ex cessive use of drugs and against frauds common in medical j practice.

[edit] Section 1109

Thomas Pitt: '''Thomas Pitt''' ([[1653]]-[[1726]]), East India merchant and governor of Madras; often called Diamond Pitt; engaged in the East India trade as an interloper, and settling at Balasore (1674) began a long struggle with the East India Company; engaged (1683-7) in litigation in England on the question of his trading without authorisation from the East India Company, but (1693) he started on his last interloping voyage, and made terms with the company, 1694; president of Port St. George, 1697-1709, building up a great reputation; kept a constant look-out for large diamonds during his stay at Madras, obtaining (1701) the great Pitt diamond from an Indian merchant, which he sold (1717) to the French regent for 135,0007. (It was in 1791 valued at 480.000., and is still among the state jewels of Prance).
Thomas Pitt: '''Thomas Pitt''' , first EARL OP LONDONDERRY ([[1688]] ?1729), son of Thomas Pitt (1653-1726); M.P., Wilton, 1713-27, Old Sarum, 1727-8; created Baron Londonderry, 1719, and Earl of Londonderry, 1726; governor of the Leeward islands, 1728-9.
Thomas Pitt: '''Thomas Pitt''' , first BARON OAMELFORD ([[1737]]1793), nephew of William Pitt, first earl of Chatham ; M.A. Clare College, Cambridge, per Uterag regias, 1769; whig M.P. for Old Sarum, 1761-8, Okehampton, 1768-74, and again for Old Sarum, 1774-84; one of the strongest opponents of Lord North's ministry and a warm antagonist of the coalition; declined the leadership of the House of Commons, 1783; raised to the peerage, 1784. From March 1762 he lived at Twickenham, where his skill in Gothic architecture was recoemised by his neighbour, Horace Walpole. He was a friend of Mrs. Delany
Thomas Pitt: '''Thomas Pitt''' , second BARON OAMELPORD ([[1776]]1804), only son of Thomas Pitt, first baron Oamelford : educated at the Charterhouse; entered the navy, 1789; being put ashore for insubordination at Hawaii (1794) had to work his passage home, afterwards ineffectually challenging his commander, George Vancouver , to a duel; shot Charles Peterson, first lieutenant of the Perdrix, during a dispute concerning seniority (1798), for which he was acquitted by court-martial on the ground that Peterson had refused to obey his orders, and was therefore a mutineer, although, according to naval law, Peterson was the senior officer; his name struck off the list of commanders at his own request, in consequence of an altercation with the admiralty, 1798: subsequently lived in London, where he achieved extraordinary notoriety by disorderly conduct; killed in a duel near Holland House, London.
William Pitt: '''William Pitt''' , first EARL OF CHATHAM ([[1708]]1778), statesman; born in Westminster: younger son of Robert Pitt of Boconnoc in Cornwall, by his wife, Harriet, daughter of Edward Villiers of Dromana, co. Waterford, and grandson of Thomas Pitt (1G53-1726); educated at Eton and Trinity College, Oxford; from early life suffered severely from gout; obtained a cornetcy in Lord Cobham's horse, 1731, and four years later entered parliament for Old Sarum; dismissed from the army for his flrst speech on the marriage of Frederick, prince of
Pitt: '''Pitt''' 1017
Pitt: '''Pitt''' u'ain M.P. for nld -arum, 1741; distinguished himself by his opposition to the system of foreign subsidies, and by his attacks on UK- Hanoverian policy of the ministers; was passed over on Granville's tllimlttal (November 17W). while several of his political associates obtained seats in tin- Broad-bottom administration; admitted (1746) to office as joint vice-treasurer of Ireland, in t OIIMI juencc of Pclham's bringing pressure to bear upon George II, tendering his resignation during the Jacobite rebellion; promoted paymaster-general of the forces (May 1746), in which post he created a precedent by declining any of the emoluments of the office beyond the legal salary; gained public confidence by bis disinterested conduct, iu spite of the fact that be supported a continental policy in the interest of Hanover, such as he had formerly denounced; failed to conciliate George II by bis change of sentiment; being disappoint.-. I in his hop.- on IMham's death (March 1754) of succeeding to the leadership of the House of Commons, joined Henry Fox (afterwards first Baron Holland) in ridiculing the actual leader, Sir Thomas Robinson (afterwards first Baron Grantham) , and even proceeded to assail Newcastle, the prime minister, himself; dismissed from office, November 1766: bis accession to power made a necessity by the disasters of the French war, which completed the unpopularity of Newcastle's ministry; refused to act with Newcastle or Fox, who had deserted him in the previous year and accepted a seat iu the cabinet; became actual premier and secretary of state for the southern department (4 Dec. 1766), as well as leader of the House of Commons, with the Duke of Devonshire as first lord of the treasury; found that Newcastle's corrupt iudueuce still dominated the House of Commons, and that he could not carry on the government with the aid of public opinion alone; dismissed with Temple from office by George II, April 1757, but in consequence of the public discontent and the necessities of the time was recalled with him within a few weeks; formed a coalition with Newcastle; planned the expeditions and selected the commanders in the succession of victories all over the world which early in 1768 took the place of England's former reverses, and raised loans for war expenses with a profusion which appalled more timid financiers; made England as much an object of jealousy and dread to Europe as Spain or France in earlier times; became aware of the family compact, September 1761, and proposed to commence hostilities against Spain; failed to convince the cabinet, and on 5 Oct. resigned office with Temple; denounced the preliminary treaty with France and Spain in December 1762, maintaining that the peace was insecure and the terms inadequate; refused (17tt3) to resume office unless the great whig lamilies were restored, (17CG) supported the repeal of the Stamp Act; on * "*"yl7t;G,forinrtn heterogeneous aoTmfiiistralion, composed of patriots und courtiers, king's friends and republicans; accepted an earldom, 1766, and took the sinecure officejpf lord privy seal;luuilu" hie administration become gradOaUy mart distinctly tory in character as time went on; mentally incapacitated by suppressed gout from all attention to business, 1767; resigned office.! 768, but (January 177U) was sufficiently recovereJTronrfaia mental disease to reappear in the House -ef-feonkjinu 1 atUok the American policy of the government; allied himself from this time forward definitely with Ro.-kiiiirluim and the whip?; largely disabled by the infirmity of his health from attending the House of Lords, 1771-4; strenuously opposed the harsh measures taken in regard to the American colonies, 1774-5, and (May 1777) unsuccessfully moved an address to the crown lor the stoppage of hostilities, though he was not willing to recognise the independence of the colonies; some unavailing efforts made to induce him to join North's administration in 1778, when the hostility of France and Spain was manifest; fell backwards iu a tit while opposing the Duke of Richmond's motion for the withdrawal of the English forces from America, 7 April; died at Hayes on 1 1 May, and was buried in Westminster Abbey on 9 June. As an orator he must be ranked with the greatest of ancient or modern times; as a statesman, and especially as a war minister, he possessed ability of a high order. II faut avouer said Frederick the Great,que 1'Angleterre a ete longtems en travail, et qu'elle a beaucoup soufferte pour produire M. Pitt; rnais eufiu elle est accouchee d'un homme
William Pitt: '''William Pitt''' ([[1759]]-[[1806]]), statesman; second son of William Pitt, first earl of Chatham; born at Hayes; educated at Pembroke Hall. Cambridge; M.A., 1776; called to the bar at I. in.. -In 1 - Inn. 17o; M.I, y, 1781; joined Lorn that had followed !....utham; resolved uot to accept a minor office, and (1782) declined Bockingham's offers, though giving the government independent support; became chancellor of the exchequer under 8hdburue on Kockingham's death, JulylTtt; refused the treasury on Sbdburne being overthrown by the coalition..i North and Pox ( February 1783), in spite of George Ill's im th,- OtanWl..! ths nin -m MM mod,- prm. uUMsj n. his twenty-fifth year (December 1783), the announcement being received with laughter in the House of Commons, the late ministers had a Urge majority: had great difficulty iu forming an administration, and was the only member of the Commons in his own cabinet; although repeatedly defeated in parliament, refused to dissolve until certain that public feeling was strongly on his side. Fox unwittingly assisting him by his mirtalren tactics in endeavouring to prevent a dissolution; obtained an overwhelming majority at the general election of 1784, to the satisfaction of the House of Lords, which had oonwsteutly supported him, and of George 111, who regarded bun as his only hope of salvation from men whom he hated; at once turned his attention to the finances, took measures for funding and reducing the national debt, and made great abatements iu the customs duties; instituted (1786) the sinking fund for paying oil the national debt, which, although iu continuance atu-r the outbreak of war in 1793 was economically in sound, undoubtedly contributed to maintain public credit: his position imperilled (November 1788) by the king's insanity, since, had George, prince of Wales, become regent, he would have been Hmamd in favour of Fox and his followers; maintained that the regent ought to be appointed by parliament, and was engaged iu passing a bill limiting his authority, when the necessity was removed by George Ill's recovery; formed (1788) an alliance with Holland and Prussia, and (1791) attempted to abate racial feeling in Canada by dividing the country into the provinces of Upper and Lower Canada; his attention roused by the outbreak of the French revolution, which involved him in a conflict which occupied all his later life: he viewed the outbreak of 1789 as a domestic quarrel, which did uot concern him, but was disturbed by the spread of republican principles in England, and by his attitude towards the French demand for the opening of the Scheldt caused war to be dec-hired in February 1793; his government strengthened by the accession of many leading whigs, 1794, only Fox and his small party maintaining a stedfast opposition; issued large loans, and suspended the Habeas Corpus Act (May 1793), abandoning at the same time his former partiality for parliamentary reform; formed between March and October a great coalition with Russia, Sardinia, Spain, Naples, Prussia, Austria, Portugal, and some German princes, and granted subsidies of 832,000*. for the hire of foreign troops; England successful at sea under the coalition formed by him, which, however, on the continent met with reverses, so that in a short time Austria and Sardinia were the only active allies left to England; made a triple alliance with Russia and Austria, which was equally fruitless, Russia remaining inactive, while Austria effected nothing of moment; his dismissal demanded by the mob, October 1796, which met George I II going to open parliament with cries of Bread Peace and No Pitt a consequence of bad har vents and financial distress; unsuccessfully laid proposals of peace before the French directory, March 1796, in the year after which (October 1797) the war on the continent came to an end, and England, loaded with taxation and threatened with financial panic, seemed likely to bear the whole brunt of the French attack; insulted by the mob, December 1797, and guarded with cavalry; anxiously sought for peace, but on the outbreak of the Irish rebellion of 17u8 renewed the suspension of the Habeas Corpus Act and passed other coercive measures; aided by the victory of the Nile on I Aug. 1798 in forming his second great coalition against France, which included Portugal, Naples, Russia, The Porte, and Austria; by this the French were driven back to the Rhine, and Massena was penned up in Genoa, though Napoleon, returning from Egypt, broke the power of Austria at Marengo, and Moreau re-esUiblished the French in southern Germany; made the hind tax perpetual, April 1798, and (December 1 798) introduced an income tax, levying ten per cent, on income* of 2u7. and upwards,
Pitt: '''Pitt''' 1048
Planche: '''Planche''' i lesser rate on incomes exceeding 607.: had the Irish parliament united to that of (treat Britain, isoo. the passage of the hill in Ireland being procure.! by n. t!nI which -how a lo standard "f political morality: though largely resoniblc for the corruption, wa- ii'it the inrentor of the sy.-teui which had become an evil t radii ion in Ireland long before the Inion: desired to complete hiIrish policy by introdueinira mea.-iuv of catholic cnmnci .it foiind himself unable to ovcn-ome George Ill's opposition: found Ccorge III obdurate, and resigned office, 14 Match 1801, but in view of the foreign perils threatening the country agreed to support Addiugton's administration; relaxed his attendance in parliament in 1802, but maintained constant communication with the prime minister, and advised him both on the budget in April and on tin- royal speech in June: approved the treaty of Amiens, but diMiked many of the govemmcnt's proceedings, particularly its system of finance: after tlie outbreak of war iu May 1803. when the feebleness of government became apparent, at first maintained an attitude of neutrality, but gradually enuie into opposition; re-entered office on the resignation of Addington, May 1804, though without the support of most of his former allies among tlie whig*, who seceded with (ireuville; desired to include Fox in his cabinet: opposed in the ( ominous by the parties of Addington, Windham.and Fox: inaugurated a more vigorous jxlicy, and (April 1805) formed H third coalition with Russia, Austria, and Sweden, but incurred the hostility of Spain, which declared war again-* Knu'land, IXnvmber 18tU: personally reconciled to Addington, December 1804: increased the property tax bv twenty-five per cent., February 1805, raising a loan of 20,000,000.; his health, which had been declining for sometime, seriouslv affected by the censure on his old friend Melville for conduct of the public funds while first lord of tlie admiralty, and the renewed disaffection of Addington, now lord Sidmouth: he was almost broken down by the news of the capitulation of Ulm, October 1806 his death caused by the battle of Austerlitz, which shattered the coalition he had built up: he died in January 1806, his last words being Oh, my country ! how I leave my country ! %; buried (22 Feb.) in Westminster Abbey. Kager by nature, Pitt trained himself to singular calmness and self-possession. His judgment on party matters was admirable, and by the destruction of the whig oligarchy lie prepared for later parliamentary reform. He made some serious political mistakes, and was not his father's equal a a war minister. His policy of opposing France by means of European coalitions, while vigorous and daring, imposed on England a heavy financial burden, and, ix-rhaps owing to the petty views and selfish character of his continental allies, it could never have attained much success. His administration covered a time of great difficulty and peril, which forced him to abandon most of his early schemes of internal reform, but tie preserved England from serious disaster, established the reputation of her arms, and greatly increased her colonial possessions.
William Pitt: '''William Pitt''' ([[1749]]-[[1823]]% writer on agriculture ; prepared reports on several English counties for the board of agriculture, besides publishing economic and agricultural treatises.
Pitt: '''Pitt''' Sin WILLIAM AUGUSTUS ([[1728]]-[[1809]]), general; brother of George Pitt, first baron Rivers; entered the army, 1744: distinguished himself in several actions: K.B., 1792: general, 1793; governor of Portsmouth, 1794-1809.
Pitt: '''Pitt''' -RIVERS, AUGUSTUS HENRY LANE FOX (1827-1900), lieutenant-general, anthropologist, and arelueolofrist: ran of William Augustus Lane Fox; a*. Mimed name of Pitt-Rivers ( 1880) on eventually inheriting estates of his great-uncle, George Pitt, second baron Rivers (1761-1828): educated at Sandhurst: received commission in grenadier guards, 1846; captain, 1850; lieutenantgeneral, 1882: employed in investigations as to use and improvement of rifle, 1851-7: nerved in Crimea; collected weapons, and subsequently other articles illustrating the coarse of human invention; the collection was housed by government at Bethual Green, London, and South Kennington, London, till 1883, when it was presented to Oxford University and placed in the Pitt-Rivers Museum: !. from 1880, at Hushmore. Wiltshire, and explored antiquities, accurately recording excavations, and ng models of sites to be placed in the museum of Faniham, Dorset, which he built; F.R.S., 1876; vice prcsident of Society of Antiquaries; first inspector of ancient tuoniinieiits 1*8:2; lion. D.C.L. Oxford, 1HHG; publishi-d scientific writings and accounts of excavations.
Pittarrow: '''Pittarrow''' L..KII . [[1576]]). See WISHAKT, Sn;
John: '''John'''
Pittendreich: '''Pittendreich''' Lmtn (.. 16H3). Pee BU.K..IK.
Jamks Sir: '''Jamks Sir''' .
Thomas Pittis: '''Thomas Pittis''' (1G3C-1C87), divine; of Trinity and Lincoln Colleges, Oxford; M.A. Lincoln College. 1658: D.D., 1670; was expelled from the university, 1658: became a royal chaplain,. 1G70; rector of St. BotolphX Bishopsgate, London, 1078-87.
William Pittis: '''William Pittis''' ([[1674]]-[[1724]]), pamphleteer: son of Thomas Pittis: of Winchester and New College, Oxford; fellow, 1692-5; B.A., 1694: member of the Inner Temple: ordered, in 1706, to stand in the pillory three hours and to pay a fine for writing A Memorial of the Church, of England not now extant, and was taken into custody (1714) for his Reasons for a War with France
Josiah Pittman: '''Josiah Pittman''' ([[1816]]-[[1886]]), musician and Author: organist at Lincoln's Inn, 1852-64: accompanist at Her Majesty's Opera, London. 1865-8, and at Covent Garden, 1868-86: edited many works for Messrs. Boosey.
Joseph Pitts: '''Joseph Pitts''' ([[1663]]-[[1731]]?), traveller: captured by an Algerine pirate (1678), and enslaved at Algiers; performed the pilgrimage to Mecca; escaped, 1693; published at Exeter (1704) the first authentic account by an Englishman of the pilgrimage to Mecca.
William Pitts: '''William Pitts''' ([[1790]]-[[1840]]), silver-chaser and sculptor; gained a great reputation for models and reliefs in pure classical taste; was ambidextrous, drawing and modelling equally well with either hand.
Mart Pix: '''Mart Pix''' ([[1666]]-[[1720]]?), dramatist: nte Griffith: married George Pix, a merchant tailor of London, 1684; produced (1696) the blank-verse tragedy,Ibrahim at Dorset Garden, London, and published a novel and farce; devoted herself from this time to dramatic authorship, her plays appearing at several London theatres; devoid of learning and notorious for her fatness and love of good wine: left passable comedies and intolerable tragedies; travestied in The Female Wits a dramatic satire,
Francis Place: '''Francis Place''' ([[1647]]-[[1728]]), amateur artist: modelled his style on his friend Wenceslaus Hollar; had considerable merit as a painter of animals and stilllife, and also drew portraits in crayon; one of the first Englishmen to practise the newly discovered art of mezzotint engraving.
Francis Place: '''Francis Place''' ([[1771]]-[[1854]]), radical reformer: apprenticed to a leather-breeches maker, and (1791) became a journeyman, but owing to the decay of the trade could hardly obtain work; studied when he had opportunity, and became secretary to the clubs of several trades, including his own; tailor in London, 1799: supported Sir Francis Burdett (1807 and 1810) in his political campaigns, and made the acquaintance of many leading politicians and political thinkers; carried on a campaign (1816-23) against the sinking fund, and (1824) succeeded in getting the laws against combinations of workmen repealed: eventually regarded as the source of radical inspiration; his power lessened after the passing of the Reform Bill. Seventy-one volumes of his manuscripts and materials, largely autobioeraphical, are in the British Museum. xlv. 390

[edit] Section 1110

Robert Plampin: '''Robert Plampin''' ([[1762]]-[[1834]]), vice-admiral: entered the navy, 1776: possessed a good knowledge of French and Dutch, which greatly assisted him in his profession; saw much service during the French war, especially in European waters; commander-in-chief in Ireland, 1826-8; promoted vice-admiral, 1826.
Planche: '''Planche''' ", JAMES ROBINSON ([[1796]]-[[1880]]), somerset herald and dramatist: wrote l Amoroso a burlesque, which was produced at Drury Lane, London, 1818; subsequently wrote numerous pieces for the London theatres: musical manager at Vauxlmll Gardens, London, 1826-7; manager of the Adelphi, London, 1830: connected with the Olympic, London, Covent Garden, London, and the Lyceum, London, under Madame Vestris from 1831 to 1866; continued to write till 1872; antiquary and student
Planche: '''Planche''' 1049
Playfair: '''Playfair''' of heraldry an.l costume; hisHistory of British:,*.mm. ( l*:l) the result of ten years.{ndy. In 1866 he Soim-r-H h.-ral.l, ami he went on varion- fT. ru mis-ion.- ti in.-t i-oiitiiifiital iriiuv itli tin- onl'T of the(tarter.
Planche: '''Planche''' MATILDA ANNE (1K2- IHMI ). See M.i KAUNAS.
Thomas Livesley Plant: '''Thomas Livesley Plant''' ([[1819]]-18J), meteorologist; kept systematic meteorological records at Itinniiiifham for forty-six yean (1837-83), Derides uritn on the subject.
Joseph Planta: '''Joseph Planta''' ([[1744]]-[[1817]]), librarian: born in the Orisons; came to London, 1752, with his father, whom he succeeded (1773) as aseistant-librarian at tin- Hriti-h Museum: promoted (1776) keeper of mamwcrlpU, and (1799) principal librarian. During his term of office he granted many facilities to the public.
Joseph Planta: '''Joseph Planta''' ([[1787]]-[[1847]]), diplomatist; son of Joseph Planta (1744-1827): educated at Eton; Ouulngt private secretary, 1807-9, and afterwards M,-nt:iry to Oastlereagh, 1813-1 J, during his minion to the allied sovereigns.
Family Ok Plantaoenet: '''Family Ok Plantaoenet''' . Though the surname has become attached by usage to the house which occupied the English throne from 1164 to 1486, the family did not assmnr it until the middle of the fifteenth century. It was originally a personal nickname of Geoffrey, count of Anjou, father of Henry II, and Richard, duke of York, desiring to express the superiority of his descent over the Lancastrian line, adopted Plantagenet as a surname. It first appeared in formal records in 1460. The sovereigns of the Angevin dynasty appear in this index under their Christian names. Other members of the family are noticed under the following headings; ARTHUR, VISCOUNT LISLE (1480?-1642), see PLANTAGENET, SIR ARTHUR; EDMUND, called OROUCHBACK (1246-1296). see LANCASTER; EDMUND, second EARL OF CORNWALL (1260-1300), see EDMUND; EDMUND OP WOODSTOCK, EARL OP KENT (1301-1330), see EDMUND; EDMUND DE LANG LEY, first DUKE OP YORK (1341 -1402), see LANGLKT; EDWARD,THE BLACK PKIXCE(1330-1376), see EDWARD: EDWARD, second DUKK OP YORK (1373 ?-1415), seePLANTAGENET EDWARD; EDWARD, EARL OP
Warwick: '''Warwick''' ([[1476]]-[[1499]]), see EDWARD ; GKOPPRKY, archbishop of York (. 1212), see GEOPPRKY; GKORUE, DUKE OP OLARENCK (1449-1478), see GEORGE; HENRY ov CORNWALL (1235-1271), see HENRY; HENRY, EARL op LANCASTER (1281 ?-1345),see HENRY; HENRY, first DUKE OP LANCASTER (1299 ?-1361), see HENRY: HUMI-HUEY, DUKK OP GLOUCESTER (1391-1447), see HUMPHREY; JOHNOP ELTHAM, EARL OP CORNWALL (1316-1336), see JOHN; JOHN OP GAUNT, DUKE OP LANCASTER (1340-1399), see JOHN; JOHN op LANCASTER, DUKE OP BEDPORD (13891436), see JOHN; LIONEL OP ANTWERP, DUKK OP CLARENCE (1338-1368), see LIONEL; MARGARET, COUNTESS OP SALISBURY (1473-1641), see POLE, MARGARET; RICHARD, EARL OP CORNWALL and KING op THE ROMANS (1209-1272), see RICHARD; RICHARD, EARL OP CAMBRIDGE (d. 1416), see RICHARD; RICHARD, DUKE op YORK (1411-14(50), see RICHAKD; RICHARD, DUKE OP YORK (1472-1483), see RICHARD; THOMAS, EARL op LANCASTER (1277 ?-1322), see THOMAS; THOMAS OP BROTHERTON, EARL OP NORFOLK (1300-1338), see THOMAS; THOMAS op WOODSTOCK, DUKE OP GLOUCESTER (13551397), see THOMAS; THOMAS, DUKE OP CLARENCE (1388 ?1421), see THOMAS.
Arthur Plantagenet: '''Arthur Plantagenet''' , VISCOUNT LISLE ([[1480]]? 1542), natural son of Edward IV by Elizabeth Lucie; an esquire of Henry VHI's bodyguard; married (1611) Elizabeth, daughter of Edward Grey, viscount Lisle, obtaining a grant of the title, 1623; became deputy of Calais, 1633, and in 1540 was arrested on suspicion of being implicated in a plot; was declared innocent in 1542, but died in the Tower of London of excitement.
Plantagenet: '''Plantagenet''' ' EDWARD, more correctly ED-
Op Norwich Ward: '''Op Norwich Ward''' , second DUKE OP YORK ([[1373]]?1415), eldest son of Edmund de Langley, first duke of York: K.G., 1387; created Earl of Rutland, 1390; became admiral of the northern fleet, 1391, and sole admiral, 1392; created Earl of Cork, 139G: took a leading part in Richard Il's attack upon the lords appellant, 1397, and was rewarded with large grants of land, the duchy of Albemarle, and the office of Kii-hanl II in l.V.c.t mii.-li ti-uoiu'l, although perhaps without Mitii, !,.,,!, a tine; deprived by Henry 1 constaMi-.hip, of the dignity of duke, and of his later grant* of land, bat WM won afterwards littiug in the prlTy council; the story of hU complicity in the conspiracy of Chrwtmas 1S99 not tunportad by tn. evidence: raoceeded M Duke of York, Uo: appointed lieutenant of South Wale*, liOJ: enwed in ihe abortiv* attempt to carry off the Mortimer* from Windsor and WM arrested, 1406. but released by the clou of the year; commanded the right wing at Agincourt, and WM killed in the battle.
George Plantaoenet: '''George Plantaoenet''' , Dr o OLAMWcr (1449-1478).
Plat: '''Plat''' or PLATT, SIR HUGH (1MS-[[1611]]?), writer on agriculture and inventor: MO of a London brewer: amply provided for by hia father; RA. St. John College, Cambridge, 1572; developed an active interest in mechanical inventions and In agriculture, which he treated scientifically: published (1W4 The Jewell Hou*of Art and Nature which contained description* of a number of inventions and of experiment* in agriculture; knighted, 1606: author of other ciiriou* works on such topii-s as household recipes for pre*erviug fruits, distilling, cooking, and dyeing the hair: published his chief work on gardening, Floraes Paradise 1608.
Platt: '''Platt''' Sin THOMAS JOSHUA ([[1790]] ?-[[1862]]), baron of the exchequer: of Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge; M.A., 1814: barrister. Inner Temple, lnlO: knighted, 1845; baron of the exchequer, 1845-50. xlv. 4091
Thomas Pell Platt: '''Thomas Pell Platt''' ([[1798]]-[[1862]]), orientalist; fellow, Trinity College, Cambridge, 1820; MJL, 18JS; acted for some years as librarian of the British and Foreign Bible Society, and (c. 1825) collated for the society the Ethiopic texts of the New Testament: aim prepared an edition of the Syriac gospels, 1829, aid an Amharic version of the bible, 1844.
Platte: '''Platte''' 8, GABRIEL (. [[1638]]-[[1640]]), writer on agriculture; published hisTreatise on Agriculture 1638, and subsequently other works: said to have died destitute during the Commonwealth.
John Platts: '''John Platts''' ([[1775]]-[[1837]]), nnitarian divine and compiler; Unitarian minister at Boston, 1K05-17, and Doucaster, 1817-37; published, besides other works, 4 A new Universal Biography (1825, 6 vols.), arranged chronologically, and extending to the end of the sixteenth century, and a New Self-interpreting Testament 1827.
John Flaw: '''John Flaw''' ([[1745]] ?-[[1820]]), architect: architect and master-builder in Westminster; published several professional works.
Sir Thomas Player: '''Sir Thomas Player''' ([[1608]]-[[1672]]), chamberlain of London; M. A. St. Alban Hall, Oxford, 1633: a member of the HabenlashersCompany; was elected chamberlain, 1661; knighted, 1660; became, as chamberlain, official collector of the hearth-tax, 1664.
Sir Thomas Player: '''Sir Thomas Player''' (d. [[1686]]), chamberlain of London; only son of Sir Thomas Player; knighted, 1660; succeeded his father as chamberlain, 1672, resigning in 1683. He is gibhetud as Kabshakeh by Drydeu in Absalom and Achitophel
Sir Hugh Lyon Playfair: '''Sir Hugh Lyon Playfair''' ([[1786]]-[[1861]]), Indian officer and provost of St. Andrews; sou of James Playfair ; studied at St. Andrews University: entered the Bengal artillery, 1804, and saw much service in India, retiring, 1834; provost of St. Andrews, 1842-61: revived the Royal and Ancient Golf Club: LL.D. St. Andrews, 1856; knighted, 1856.
Yf Air Fla: '''Yf Air Fla''' , JAMBS ([[1738]]-[[1819]]), principal of St Andrews; D.D. St. Andrews, 1779; appointed principal of the United College. St. Andrews, and minister of the church of St. Leonard's, 1800: for many years historiographer to George, prince of Wales.
John Playfair: '''John Playfair''' ([[1748]]-[[1819]]), mathematician and geologist: graduated at St. Andrews, 1765; minister of Liff and Ben vie, 1773-83, and joint-professor of mathematics at Edinburgh, 1786-1806; became professor of natural philosophy, 1805: F.R.S.. 1807: published, besides other works, Elements of Geometry 1796 (llth edit.

[edit] Section 1111

Playfaie: '''Playfaie''' 1050
Plough: '''Plough''' 1M9). and Illustrations of the Huttoniau Theory of the Earth 1801, whi.-ti latter helped to create the modem of geology.
Playfair: '''Playfair''' Sui LYON, first BAUON PLAYPAIR OK nNUra - 1 isis-l98): brother of Sir Robert Lambert Playfair: educated at St. Andrews; studied chemistry under Thomas Graham at Glasgow; MrisUnt to Graham at University College, Loudon: Ph.D. OieMeti: honorary professor of chemistry to Royal Institution, Manchester, 1843-5; chemist to Geological Survey and professor in new School of Mines, Jermyn Street, London, 184ft; F.R.S., 1848; president of Chemical Society, 1867-9; took part in organising Great Exhibition, 1851; C.B n 1851: secretary for science to Department of Science and Art, 1853, and secretary for science and art, 1855-8: professor of chemistry at Edinburgh, 1858-69; liberal M.P. for universities of Edinburgh and St. Andrews, 1868-85; postmaster-general, 1873; chairman and deputypeaker of House of Commons, 1880-3: K.C.B., 1883: liberal M.P. for South Leeds, 1885-92: vice-president of council, 1886: raised to peerage, 1892: lord-in-waiting to Queen Victoria, 1892; G.C.B., 1895. He made important investigations on tlie nitroprussides, a new class of salts which he discovered.
Sir Robert Lambert Playfair: '''Sir Robert Lambert Playfair''' ([[1828]]-[[1899]]), author and administrator; grandson of James Playfair : brother of Sir Lyou Playfair, baron Playfair ; entered Madras artillery, 1846; captain, 1858; transferred to Madras staff corps, 1861; major, 1866; retired from army as lieutenant-colonel, 1867; assistant political resident at Aden, 1854-62; F.R.G.S., 1860; political agent at Zanzibar, 1862, and consul, 1863; consulgeneral for Algeria, 1867, for Algeria and Tunis, 1885, and for Algeria and northern coast of Africa, 1889-96; K.C.M.G., 1886. His publications include bibliographies of Algeria, 1851-87 (1888), of Tripoli and the Oyreuaica (1889), and of Morocco (1892), books of travel, handbooks for travellers, and other writings.
William Playfair: '''William Playfair''' ([[1759]]-[[1823]]), publicist; brother of John Playfair; apprenticed to Andrew Meikle; took out several patents, and opened a shop in London for their sale; removed to Paris, not being successful, but(c. 1793), after taking part in the French revolution, returned to London, where (1795) he began writing gainst the French revolution: became editor ofGalignani's Messengerin Paris after the battle of Waterloo, but fled to London (1818) to avoid imprisonment for libel; earned a precarious livelihood in London by pamphlets and translations; wrote over forty works.
William Henry Playfair: '''William Henry Playfair''' ([[1789]]-[[1867]]), architect; nephew of John Playfair; practised in Edinburgh, where between 1815 and 1820 he laid out part of the new town: engaged (1817-24) in rebuilding and enlarging the university buildings; executed other important works, including the AdvocatesLibrary and the National Gallery of Scotland. His classical buildings are predominant in any view of Edinburgh, and have gained for it the sobriquet of the Modern Athens
Thomas Playfere: '''Thomas Playfere''' ([[1561]] 9-[[1609]]), divine ; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1583: fellow of St John's College, Cambridge, 1684; D.D., 1596 (incorporated at Oxford, 1696); Lady Margaret professor of divinity, 1696-1609. He was chaplain to James I.
Henry Playford: '''Henry Playford''' ([[1657]]-1 [[706]] ?), musical publisher; son of John Playford (1623-1686 ?); carried on his father's business, and published a large number of collections of music: established in 1699 a concert of music, lu-ld three times a week in a coffee-house: instituted weekly clubs for the practice of music, c. 1701.
John Playford: '''John Playford''' , the elder([[1623]]-[[1686]] ?X musician and publisher: became known as a musical publisher in London, c. 1648, and from 1662 until hia retirement kept a *bopin th. inner Temple, near the church door; almost monopolised the business of music publishing in Entrland under the Commonwealth, and for some years of Obarks IPs reign; famous for his collected volumes of * and catches. In typographical technique his most original improvement was the invention, in 1668, ofthe W w ty uote fli " original compositions were few and
John Playford: '''John Playford''' , the younger ([[1656]]-[[1686]]), music printer: nephew of John Playford the elder; entered into partnership, in 1679, with Ann Godbid in the printing-house at Little Britain (also the chief printinghouse for setting up mathematical works),
Thomas Pleasants: '''Thomas Pleasants''' ([[1728]]-[[1818]]), philanthropist; a gentleman of affluence who made many large contributions to philanthropic institutions in Dublin.
Saint Plechelm: '''Saint Plechelm''' (fl. [[700]]), ' the apostle of Guelderland; an Irishman of noble birth who received holy orders and made a pilgrimage to Rome; having been consecrated a bishop, went with St. Wiro, an Irish bishop, on a mission to Gaul; settled at Itureimmd, whence many missions were sent to the provinces between the Rhine and the Meuse. He has been doubtfully identified with Pecthelm
Plegmund: '''Plegmund''' (rf. [[914]]), archbishop of Canterbury ; a Mercian by birth; lived as a hermit on an island (Plemstull) near Chester; called to court by Alfred, where he instructed the king and helped him in his literary work; chosen archbishop, 890; visited Rome, 890 and 908. xlv. 4201
Plessis: '''Plessis''' or PLESSETIS, JOHN DE, EARL OF WAR-
Wick: '''Wick''' (rf. [[1263]]), of Norman origin ; first mentioned in 1227: accompanied Henry III to Poitou, 1242; married Margaret de Neubourg, countess of Warwick, 1242, assuming the title in 1245: one of the royal representatives on the committee of twenty-four at the parliament of Oxford, 1258, one of the royal electors of the council of fifteen, and a member of the latter body; member of the, council selected to act wheu Henry III was out of England, 1259.
Joseph Octave Plessis: '''Joseph Octave Plessis''' ([[1762]]-[[1825]]), Roman catholic archbishop of Quebec; became bishop-coadjutor of Quebec, 1801, bishop, 1806, and archbishop, 1818; a powerful leader of the French national party; opposed (1822) the union of Upper and Lower Canada.
Sir Robert Dk Plesyngton: '''Sir Robert Dk Plesyngton''' (d. [[1393]]), chief baron of the exchequer; was appointed chief baron in 1380, but removed in 1386 on account of his adhesion to the party of Thomas of Woodstock, duke of Gloucester
Pleydell: '''Pleydell''' -BOUVERIE, EDWARD ([[1818]]-[[1889]])
Pleydell: '''Pleydell''' -BOTTVERIE, WILLIAM, third EARL
Radnor: '''Radnor''' ([[1779]]-[[1869]]).
Andrew Plimer: '''Andrew Plimer''' ([[1763]]-[[1837]]), miniature-painter; practised in London; exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1786-1810 and 1819. His miniatures are of the finest quality, and much sought after by collectors,
Nathaniel Pldkcer: '''Nathaniel Pldkcer''' ([[1751]]-[[1822]]), miniaturepainter; brother of Andrew Plimer; exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1787-1815; his work much inferior to tliat of his brother.
Samuel Plimsoll: '''Samuel Plimsoll''' ([[1824]]-[[1898]]), 'the Sailors' Friend; honorary secretary for Great Exhibition, 1851; established himself as coal merchant in London, 1853: radical M.P. for Derby, 1868-80: did much to expedite passing of Merchant Shipping Act, 1876, and in 1875 created a scene in the House of Commons by a violent protest against the obstruction of the ship-owning members; president of Sailorsand Firemen's Union, 1890; published pamphlets and contributed many articles to periodicals, chiefly on subjects of mercantile shipping.
Robert Plot: '''Robert Plot''' ([[1640]]-[[1696]]), antiquary ; a gentleman of property in Kent; author of The Natural History of Oxfordshire 1677, and The Natural History of Staffordshire 1686, works of some interest, but marked by great credulity; appointed first custos of the Ashmolean Museum and professor of chemistry at Oxford, 1683, historiographer royal, 1688, and Mowbray herald extraordinary, 1695.
John Plott: '''John Plott''' ([[1732]]-[[1803]]), miniature-painter: a pupil of Nathaniel Hone; practised miniaturepainting with success, both at London and Winchester.

[edit] Section 1112

John Plough: '''John Plough''' (rf. [[1562]]X protestaut controversialist; B.C.L. Oxford, 1544; became rector of St. Peter's,
Plowden: '''Plowden''' 1051 PL.UMPTRE Bruges and Liege returned to r of the novice* at Stony Nottingham, but on Queen Mary's accession fled to BUe; returned to England, 1559, and tiecame rector: 1 1 am, 1560. HiB works are not extant.
Charles Plowden: '''Charles Plowden''' ([[1743]]-18S1), . hurst College: entered the Society of Jesus, 1769, and aftor passing some years at England: appointed master hurst, 1803, and declared rector, 1817; a writer of great power and a good orator. xlv. 418J
Edmund Plowden: '''Edmund Plowden''' ([[1518]]-[[1685]]), jurist : at Cambridge; barrister, Middle Temple: one f the council of the man-he* of Wales, 155S; snt in parliament during Queen Mary's reign a* M.P., Walliugfonl, 1553, Reading, 1554, Wootton-Bassett, 1555, but after Queen Elizabeth's accession found public life closed to him on account of his being a Roman catholic: had such great fame as a jurist that his name was embodied in the proverb The case is altered, quoth 1'lowdm; regardnl with great admiration by Sir Edward Coke; published several legal compilations.
Francis Peter Plowden: '''Francis Peter Plowden''' ([[1749]]-18J9), writer ; lirnther of Charles Plowden; entered the Society of Jesus, and was master of the college at Bruges, 1771-3: returned to a secular life on the suppression of the Jesuits by papal bull in 1773, being only a novice: entered the Middle Temple and practised as a conveyancer: called to the bar, 1796, on the removal of catholic disabilities; became eminent as a legal and political writer, publishing several pamphlets against Pitt; fled to France, 1813, to avoid the consequences of a libel suit, and became a professor in the Scots College at Paris, where he died. His greatest work is An Historical Review of the State of Ireland 1808.
Walter Ohiohblb Plowden: '''Walter Ohiohblb Plowden''' ([[182]]O-[[1880]]X consul in Abyssinia: joined Mr. J. T. Bell (1843) in an expedition into Abyssinia to explore the sources of the White Nile; appointed consul, 1848, remaining in the Interior till 18(50, when he died of injuries received during a conflict with a rebel chieftain.
Alan Dr Plugenet: '''Alan Dr Plugenet''' (d. [[1299]]), baron : fought on Henry Ill's side in the baronswar, and In 1282 served in the Welsh war; provoked the rising under Rhys ap Meredith in 1287 by his oppressive conduct as king's steward in Wales; summoned to parliament as a baron from 1 292 to 1 297.
Alan Dk Plugenet: '''Alan Dk Plugenet''' ([[1277]]-[[1319]]), baron ; served in the Scottish wars, 1309-11, 1313-17, and 1319; summoned to parliament as a baron, 1311.
Leonard Plttkenet: '''Leonard Plttkenet''' ([[1642]]-[[1706]]), botanist : perhaps educated at Westminster School; practised as a physician in London, and published many works on botany at his own expense; appointed superintendent of the royal gardens at Hampton Court, with the title ofQueen's Botanist after 1689.
Thomas Plume: '''Thomas Plume''' ([[1630]]-[[1704]]), archdeacon of Rochester; M.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1649; B.D., per literas regiai, 1661: D.D., 1673: vicar of Greenwich, 1658 till death; subscribed declaration under Act of Uniformity, 1662: archdeacon of Rochester, 16791704. He left considerable sums of money for charitable objects, including the erection of an observatory and maintenance of a professor of astronomy and experimental philosophy at Cambridge (the Plumiau professorship).
Sir Thomas Plumer: '''Sir Thomas Plumer''' ([[1753]]-[[1824]]), master of the rolls; was educated at Eton and University College, Oxford; fellow, 1780: Vineriau scholar, 1777: M.A., 1778; B.C.L., 1783: barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1778; appointed a commissioner in bankruptcy, 1781: defended Sir Thomas Rumbold. 1783, and (1787) was one of the three counsel returned to defend Warren Hastings; successfully defended Lord Melville on his impeachment, 1806, and assisted Eldon and Perceval in the defence of Caroline, princess of Wales against the charges brought against her, 1806: solicitor-general in the Duke of Portland's administration, 1807; knighted, 1807; became attorney-general, 1812: created first vice-chancellor of England, under the provisions of 53 George III, 1813; became master of the rolls, 1818.
Sir Robert Plumpton: '''Sir Robert Plumpton''' ([[1153]]-1 [[523]] soldier; son of Sir William Piompton, by Joan Winteriugliam, to whom be had been privately married (1451), according 1467-8; knighted by the Duke of Gloucester. 1481; sup? j,rt., i i.:ter he had secured the crown: though loyal, f.-H,.,to the hands of Henry VITs i Bmpson, who raked up the old clait - William 1'hm.pton (already referred to), and was thus reduced to poverty, being imprisoned in the Counter on limn V!ir accession: soon after r and Ins,tat.- rt-Mornl. Th.- H impf.n Corn-stHiii taeVsj**j*d mmtnm**3i5 w3 m Plumpton down to 1651. was edited for the Oamden fi in 1838-9 by Thomas Stapleton (1806-1849)
Sir William Plumpton: '''Sir William Plumpton''' ([[1404]]-l48& lT soU*Br: a gentleman of Plumpton in Yorkshire: fought m t L.French wars; was closely connected with the Percy family, awl was thus drawn to support the boose of Lancaster; fought at Towton, 14til; fell Into Edward IV's hands, submitted, and received a pardon, 1462. In 1471, owing to some fresh move in the Lancastrian interest, be received a general pardon, but lost his offices,
Anna Plumptre: '''Anna Plumptre''' or ANNE ([[1760]]-[[1818]]), author; daughter of Robert Plumptre; a good linguist; was one of the first to make German plays known in London, translating many of Kotxeboe's dramas in 1798 and 1799; intimate with Helen Maria Williams; published (1810) her Narrative of a Three Years Residence in France and (1817) her Narrative of a Residence in Ireland published novels, and several translations of travels from the French and German,
Annabella Plumptre: '''Annabella Plumptre''' (ft. [[1795]]-[[1812]]), author ; daughter of Robert Plumptre; wrote several novels and translations of German tales.
Charles John Plumptre: '''Charles John Plumptre''' ([[1818]]-[[1887]]), barrister and writer on elocution; barrister, Gray's Inn, 1844; gradually withdrew from practice and devoted himself to lecturing on elocution; an official lecturer at Oxford and at King's College, London.
Edward Hayes Plumpire: '''Edward Hayes Plumpire''' ([[1881]]-[[1891]] X dean of Wells and biographer of Bishop Ken; brother of Charles John Plumptre; was fellow of Brascnose College, Oxford, 1844-7; M.A., 1847: chaplain at King's College, London, 1847-68, professor of pastoral theology, 1853-63, and professor of exegesis, 1864-81; member of the Old Testament revision committee, 1869-74; Grinflcld lecturer at Oxford University, 1872-4: dean of Wells, 18811891; wrote largely on the interpretation of scriptures and on theological topics; published also verse and (1888) his 1 Life of Bishop Ken a work of much literary charm.
Henry Plumptre: '''Henry Plumptre''' (d. [[1746]]) president of the Royal College of Physicians; M.A. QueensCollege, Cambridge, 1705; M.D. per literal reyiat, 1706: fellow. Queens* College, Cambridge, 1703-7; F.R.O.P., 1708 (president, 1740-5): worked on the fifthPharmacopoeia Londinensis (appeared, 1746).
James Plumptre: '''James Plumptre''' [[0770]]-[[1832]]), dramatist and divine; son of Robert Plumptre; of QueensCollege and Clare Hall, Cambridge; M.A. Clare Hall, 1796; B.D., 1808; fellow of Clare Hall, Cambridge, 1793; heU the living of Great Gransden, 1812-32. He wrote plays, and advocated the claims of the stage as a moral educator, and endeavoured to improve its tone.
John Plumptre: '''John Plumptre''' ([[1753]]-[[1825]]), dean of Gloucester ; cousin and brother-in-law of James Plumptre; of Eton and King's College, Cambridge; fellow of King's College, 1775; M.A., 1780; became dean of Gloucester, 1808; published The Elegies of 0. Pedo Albinovanus... with an English version 1807, and was probably the author of -The Principles of Natural and Revealed Religion 1795.
Robert Plumptre: '''Robert Plumptre''' ([[1723]]-[[1788]]X president of QueensCollege, Cambridge: grandson of Henry Plumptre ; M.A. QueensCollege, Cambridge, 1748; D.D., 1761: fellow of QueensCollege, Cambridge, 1746: prebendary of Norwich, 1756; president of QueensCollege, Cambridge, 1760-88; vice-chancellor, 1760-1 and 1777-8; left some manuscript collections on UK? history of the publishing pamphlets and Latin verses.
Pltjmptre: '''Pltjmptre''' 1052
Pocock: '''Pocock'''
Russell Plumptre: '''Russell Plumptre''' ([[1709]]-[[1793]]), professor of physio: son of Henry I'lnmptre; M.D. Queens OoUege, Cambridge, 1738; K.K.c.l. 1739: appointed iprafenorof physic at Cambridge University, 1741.
Plumridge: '''Plumridge''' Sin JAMKS HANWAY (17s7 1st,::). vice-admiral: entered the navy, 1799; was present at Trafalgar, 1806: saw much service during the French war: K.C.B., 1866: vice-admiral, 1867.

[edit] Section 1113

Christopher Plunket: '''Christopher Plunket''' , second EAKI. ..K (. 1649), took his seat in the Irish parliament, 1689: endeavoured to preserve neutrality on the outbreak of the rebellion, 1641; was proclaimed an outlaw, November 1641; joined the Ulster party, and was subsequently appointed general of the horse for Meath; taken er at the battle of Rathmines, 1649; died in Dublin
John Plunket: '''John Plunket''' ([[1664]]-[[1738]]), Jacobite agent; a Roman catholic layman, sometimes known under the aliiu of Rogers; for over twenty years in the employ of leading Jacobites as a spy or diplomatic agent; forged letters from Prince Eugene detailing whig plots against the government, in order to alarm public feeling: arrested (1793) for complicity in Layer's plot see LAYKR, CHRISTOPHKR, and was confined in the Tower of London till 17S8; died soon after his release.
Nicholas Plunket: '''Nicholas Plunket''' (fl. [[1641]] compiler: known only as the author of a contemporary account of affairs in Ireland in 1641, which Carte frequently cites in his . Life of Ormonde
Oliver Plunket: '''Oliver Plunket''' ([[1629]]-[[1681]]), Roman catholic archbishop of Armagh and titular primate of Ireland; went to Home in 1645 and entered the Irish College; filled the chair of theology at the Propaganda College from 1667 till his nomination as archbishop of Armagh in 1669; secretly tolerated by government until the passing of the Test Act, when he went into hiding for a time; committed to Dublin Castle, 1678, at the time of the panic concerning the Popish plot; tried in London for treason, 1681, convicted on inadequate evidence, and hanged, drawn, and quartered.
Patrick Plunket: '''Patrick Plunket''' , ninth BARON op DUNSANY (d. 1668), succeeded to the title and estates, 1603; held aloof, though a Roman catholic, from the rebellion of 1641, but was driven into exile by the English parliament, and only restored in 1662.
Thomas Plunket: '''Thomas Plunket''' , BARON PLUNKKT of the Holy Roman Empire (1716-1779), general in the service of Austria; born in Ireland; entered the Austrian army and fought in Turkey and in the war of the Spanish succession; distinguished himself in Italy, 1746, and (1757) greatly contributed to the victory of Kollin: nominated a baron, 1768; governor of Antwerp, 1770-9.
William Conyngham Plunket: '''William Conyngham Plunket''' , first BARON
Plunkkt: '''Plunkkt''' ( [[1764]]-[[1854]] X lord-chancellor of Ireland; son of a presbyteriau minister of Enniskillen; called to the Irish bar, 1787; K.C., 1797; entered the Irish parliament as MJ. for Charlemont, 1798, and opposed the project of union; became solicitor-general, 1803, and attorneygeneral, 1805, and sat in the House of Commons in 1807 for two months as M.P. for Midhurst: re-entered parliament(1812) as a follower of Lord Grenville, having by that time a reputation and an income unequalled at the Irish bar; exerted himself in parliament on behalf of the Roman C J th0 liLf 1 f 1M: 8 " 0oeeded Orntfcan O20) as foremost champion of catholic emancipation, and created a great imprewriou by his speeches; appointed Irish attorneygeneral by Lord Liverpool, January 1822; his conduct assailed by the extremists of either party; held the position of master of the rolls for a few days, resigning on account of the feeling of the English bar against the appointment of an Irish barrister to an English iudicial post, 1827; was then appointed chief-justice of the Irish common pleas and created Baron Plunket, 1827; laboured nOQSMgiBj in the House of Lords on behalf of the Catholic i Hill, which was passed in 1829; appointed by Lord ey lord chancellor of Ireland, 1830, resigning (1841) in ! of the desire of government to replace him the rest of his life in rej
William Conyngham Plunket: '''William Conyngham Plunket''' , fourth BARON Pi.r.NkKT ( irt'js I,v.i7), archbishop of Dublin; grandson of William Conynirham Pluuket, first baron Plunket; of Cheltenham College and Trinity College, Dublin; B.A., 1853; ordained, 1x57; ixvtor of Kilmoylan and Cummer, 1858: active member of Irish Church Missions Society; married (1863) Aiyie, daughter of Sir Benjamin Lee Cuinness; treasurer of St. Patrick's, Dublin, IHtU. and precentor, 1869; succeeded to peerage, 1871; bishop of Meath, 1876-84; recognised as leader of evangelical party in Irish church; energetically resisted attack on Irish church establishment; assisted in reorganising Church of Ireland Training College; archbishop of Dublin, Glendalough, and Kildare, 1884; dean of Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin, 1884-7; actively assisted cause of protestant reformers in Spain, and conferred consecration on its leader, Senor Cabrera, 1894; president and chairman of Italian Reform Association, 1886.
Mrs Plunkett: '''Mrs Plunkett''' . ELIZABETH ([[1769]]-[[1823]]). See
Gunning: '''Gunning'''
John Hubert Plunkett: '''John Hubert Plunkett''' ([[1802]]-[[1869]]). Australian statesman; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1824; culled to the Irish bar, 1826; accepted the post of solicitor-general of New South Wales, 1831, to which in 1836 was added that of attorney-general; resigned his appointment and entered politics on the establishment of responsible government in 1866; joined the Martin ministry as leader iii the upper chamber, 1863, and in 1865 joined theOowper ministry as attorney-general.
Earls of Plymouth: '''Earls of Plymouth''' . See FITZCHARLKS, CHARLES, 1657?-1680; WINDSOR. THOMAS WINDSOR, first EARL of the second creation, 1627 V-1687.
Pocahontas: '''Pocahontas''' or MATOAKA ([[1595]]-[[1617]]), AmericanIndian princess; daughter of Powhattan, an Indian chief in Virginia; according to the unreliable tale of Captain I John Smith (1580-1631), interposed on his behalf i when her father was about to slay him; became a frequent visitor at Jamestown from 1608, and (1612) was 1 seized as a hostage for the good behaviour of the Indian tribes; became a Christian and was named Rebecca, 1613; married John Rolfe, 1613; came to England, 1616, and died at Gravesend.
John Pocklington: '''John Pocklington''' (. [[1642]]), divine ; M.A. Sidney Sussex College, Oambridge, 1603; B.D., 1610: fellow of Pembroke College, Oambridge, 1612-18: a chaplain of Charles I; enjoyed other preferments, of which he was deprived by the House of Lords (1641), on account of his high-church views; his Altare Christianum and 'Sunday no Sabbathsentenced to be burnt, 1641.
Pokeridge Pockbich: '''Pokeridge Pockbich''' , or PUCKERIDGE,
Richard: '''Richard''' ([[1690]] ?-[[1759]]), inventor of the musical glasses ; dissipated a large fortune in the pursuit of visionary projects; invented musical glasses, from which afterwards was developed the harmonica; gave concerts in later life in various parts of England; suffocated iii a fire in his room at Harnlin's coffee-house, near the Royal Exchange.
Sir George Pocock: '''Sir George Pocock''' ([[1706]]-[[1792]]), admiral ; entered the navy, 1718; was in chief command in the Leeward islands, 1747-8: rear-admiral, 1755; vice-admiral, 1756: commanded on the East India station, 1 758-9, and fought two indecisive actions with the French: admiral, 17G1; K.B., 1761; captured Havana, 1762; retired, 1766.
Isaac Pocock: '''Isaac Pocock''' ([[1782]]-[[1835]]), painter and dramatist ; son of Nicholas Pocock (1741 ?-1821); painted historical pictures and portraits from 1800 till 1818, when he inherited some property and turned his attention to the drama; wrote musical farces, comic operas, and operatic dramas, among other achievements converting some of the Waverley novels into plays.
Isaac John Innes Pocock: '''Isaac John Innes Pocock''' ([[1819]]-1 [[886]]), barrister: only son of Isaac Pocock; of Eton and Morton College, Oxford; B.A., 1842; called to the bar, 1847; printed privately Franklin, and other Poems 1872.
Lewis Pocock: '''Lewis Pocock''' ([[1808]]-[[1882]]), art amateur ; took the leading part in founding the Art Union of London in 1837; published (1842) a work on life assurance, with a bibliography of the subject.
Pocock: '''Pocock''' 1053
Pole: '''Pole'''
Nioholar Pocook: '''Nioholar Pocook''' ([[1741]] ?-l Ml), marine painter : in early lite a m.reliant captain; commenced painting sea pieces in oils, 1780; settled (1789) in London, where he rose to distinction an a painter of naval engagement*; helped to found the Water-colour Society, 1804, and exhibited there and at the Royal Academy no fewi-rthiin 295 works.
Nicholas Pocock: '''Nicholas Pocock''' ([[1814]]-1R97), historical grandson of Nicholas Pocock (1741 V-1H21); M.A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1837; Michel fellow, 18HK: mathematical lecturer: ordained priest, 1K65; published an edition of Gilbert Burnet's History of the Reformation 1864-5, and other writing* relating to the Reformation, besides mathematical and theological works.

[edit] Section 1114

Robert Pocock: '''Robert Pocock''' ([[1760]]-[[1830]]), printer and antiquary; founded the first circulating library and printing office atGravesend, 1786; published a history of Gravesend, 1797, aud other works.
William Puller Pocock: '''William Puller Pocock''' ([[1779]]-[[1849]]), architect ; designed the hall of the LcathersellersCompany in London (1820-3) and other buildings.
William Innbs Pocock: '''William Innbs Pocock''' ([[1788]]-[[1836]]), author; son of Nicholas Pocock (1741 7-1821); a lieutenant in t IK- navy: published Five Views of the Island of St. Helena 1815.
Edward Pococke: '''Edward Pococke''' ([[1604]]-[[1691]]), orientalist: of Magdalen Hall and Corpus ChrUti College, Oxford: M.A., 1620; fellow of Corpus Christ! College, Oxford, 1628; studied oriental languages under Matthias Pasor and William Bedwell; discovered and edited the missing Syriac version of Peter iL, John IL, iii.. and Jude, and published it at Leyden, 1630: chaplain to the 4 Turkey Merchants at Aleppo, 1630-6, where he collected manuscripts; appointed by Laud first Oxford professor of Arabic, 1636; appointed Hebrew professor by the parliamentary visitors, 1648, which appointment was confirmed at the Restoration. His learning was the admiration of Europe. His two most notable works were an edition of the Arabic text with a Latin translation of Abu-1-Faraj's 'Historia compendiosa Dynastiarum 1663, and his ; Lexicon Heptaglottou 1669.
Edward Pococke: '''Edward Pococke''' ([[1648]]-[[1727]]), orientalist ; son of Edward Pococke (1604-1691); student at Christ Church, Oxford; translated Into Latin Ibn al Tnfuil, 1671, and began, in collaboration with his father, to edit AbdoUatiphi Historic JEgypti Compendium which remained a fragment.
Richard Pococke: '''Richard Pococke''' ([[1704]]-[[1765]]), traveller; B.A. Corpus Ohristi College, Oxford, 1725: D.C.L., 1733; visited Egypt, 1737-8, ascending the Nile to Philte, and proceeded to Palestine, Cyprus, Asia Minor, and Greece, 1738-40; explored the Mer de Glace in the valley of Chamounix, 1741; regarded as the pioneer of Alpine travel; published au account of his eastern travels, 17431745; bishop of Ossory, 1756-65; translated as bishop of Meath, 1765. His manuscript account*; of his tours in England, Scotland, and Ireland between 1747 and 1760 have been recently published (1888-91).
Leonard Poe: '''Leonard Poe''' (d. [[1631]] V), physician : originally in the service of the Earl of ERSCX; a royul physician in ordinary, 1609; attended Lord-treasurer Salisbury on his deathbed, 1612; M.D. Cambridge by mandate, 1615.
Poer: '''Poer'''
Ranulf Lk Poer: '''Ranulf Lk Poer''' (d. [[1182]]), sheriff of Gloucestershire; killed by the Welsh while sheriff.
Robert Lk Poer: '''Robert Lk Poer''' (fl. [[1166]]-[[1190]]), marshal in the court of Henry II; seized for ransom by Raymond of Toulouse (1188) while returning from u pilgrimage to the shrine of St. James of Compostella, thereby orruMoning the invasion of Toulouse by Richard (afterwards Richard I of England).
Roger Lk Poer: '''Roger Lk Poer''' (d. [[1186]]), one of the conquerors of Ireland; took part in the invasion of Ulster, 1177; subsequently settled in Ossory, where he was killed in battle.
Walter Lk Poer: '''Walter Lk Poer''' (fl. [[1215]]-[[1227]]), official ; sheriff of Devonshire, 1222: justice itinerant, 1226 and 1227.
Pog: '''Pog''' 80N, NORMAN ROBERT (18-[[191]], noni.-r: tx-came in 1859 assistant-astronomer at the Radcltffe H,M-rviilory. nxford, where he discovered four minor ptanete; appointed (1819) director of the HartweU Observatory, and (1860) government sutrouomer at Madras, where he discovered fire minor planet*
Jean Poingdzstre: '''Jean Poingdzstre''' ([[1600]]-16*1). writer on the laws and history of Jcwey; fellow of Exeter College. oxford, 1686; chief work, Cmsarea, or a Discourse of tin i -und of Jersey written hi 1883 and presented to James II.
Poin: '''Poin''' 8. SeePov
John Pointer: '''John Pointer''' ([[1668]]-[[1714]]), antiquary ; M.A. Merton College, Oxford, 1694: rector of Slapton, 1694-17*4: urot,- SJBSJH otfeat worta. hnMlSaii n.,uir...! England 1714, and OxonleuaU Academla 1749.
William Pointer: '''William Pointer''' (. [[1624]]).
Philip Qv Poitiers: '''Philip Qv Poitiers''' (d. [[1108]] ?).
Richard Pokerldge: '''Richard Pokerldge''' ([[1690]] ?-17l See POCK
Rich: '''Rich'''
Pol: '''Pol''' (d. [[573]]).
Joel Samuel Polack: '''Joel Samuel Polack''' ([[1807]]-[[1882]]), trader and author of works on New Zealand; emigrated to New Zealand, 1831; returned to London, 1837, and finally settled at San Francisco.
John Bede Folding: '''John Bede Folding''' ([[1794]]-[[1877]]% first Roman catholic archbishop of Sydney; consecrated bL-hop of Hiero-Ctesarea and vicar-apostolic of Australia, 1834, aud archbishop of Sydney, 1842.
Arthur Pole: '''Arthur Pole''' ([[1531]]-[[1570]] ?), conspirator : eldest son of Sir Geoffrey Pole; proposal himself to France and Spain as a claimant of the English crown, and was imprisoned In the Tower of London from 1663.
Sir Charles Morice Pole: '''Sir Charles Morice Pole''' ([[1757]]-[[1830]]), admiral of the fleet; entered the navy, 1772; commanded at Newfoundland, 1800, and In the Baltic, 1801; G.C.B., 1818; admiral of the fleet, 1830.

[edit] Section 1115

David Pole: '''David Pole''' (. [[1568]]), bishop of Peterborough ; fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, 1520: D.Can.1 1628; consecrated bishop, 1557, and deprived, 1559, for refusing to take the oath of supremacy.
Sir Edmund Uk La Pole: '''Sir Edmund Uk La Pole''' , EARL op SUKXOLK (14727-1513), son of John dc la Pole, second duke of Suffolk; created earl, 1493: led a company (1496) against the Cornish rebels at Blackheath: became diwouteuted (1499) and fled to Flanders, Henry VII being thereby alarmed; persuaded by Henry VII to return, and received again into favour: repaired to the Emperor Maximilian in the Tyrol, hearing that he would gladly help one of Edward IV's blood to gain the English throne. 1501: outlawed and hi* friends imprisoned; seized by the Duke of Gueldres while on his way to Friesland( 1504), and delivered to Henry VII by Philip, king of Castile, 1506: confined in the Tower of London: exempted from the general pardon on Henry VIU's accession; executed,
Sir Geoffrey Pole: '''Sir Geoffrey Pole''' ([[1502]] ?-[[1558]]), a victim of Henry VIII's tyranny; brother of Reginald Pole; knighted, 1529; was opposed, like the rest of his family, to Henry VIII's divorce from Catherine of Arragon, and visited Chapuys, the Spanish ambassador, with a view to persuading Charles V to invade England; resolved to desert to the northern rebels, 1536, but was prevented by circumstances and (1538) was *ent to the Tower of London, Henry VIII having resolved to crush the whole family, chiefly on account of the action of RgnM Pole; endeavoured to commit suicide, fearing the rack, but was obliged to undergo seven separate examinations; his brother Sir Henry Pole, baron Montague, and others coi idem ncd from bis confessions; received a pardon, 1539; escaped to Rome, 1540, where he obtained absolution for his brother's death; returned to England after Queen Mary's accession. xlvi. 28)
Sir Henry Pole: '''Sir Henry Pole''' , BARON MOXTAGCK or cirru (1492?-1538), brother of Reginald Pole; distinguished himself in the French campaign of 1513; knighted, 1513; took part in Suffolk's invasion of France, 1523; was deeply grieved at the overthrow of the
Pole: '''Pole''' 1054
Pole: '''Pole''' Sft hi the abrogation of the pope's authority, loyal; committed to the Tower of of the confessions of bib brother, Sir Geoffrey Pole, 1538; found guilty of treason and executed on Tower Hill, London, on 9 Dec. with the Marquis of Exeter. In 1539 he was attainted,
John Db La Pole: '''John Db La Pole''' , EARL OF LINCOLN ([[1464]] ?-l [[187]]), son of John dc la Pole, second duke of Suffolk q v.1, by Elizabeth, sister of Edward IV; created Earl of Lincoln, 1467; firmly attached to Richard III, and ( 1483) made president of the council of the north; became lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 1484, and was recognised as heir- presumptive to the throne; was not molested by Henry VII after Richard Ill's death, though he still cherished the ambition to succeed Richard; promoted Lambert Slinnel's plot, and was killed at Stoke.
John De La Pole: '''John De La Pole''' , second DUKE OF SUFFOLK ([[1442]]1491 X only sou of William de la Pole, first duke of Suffolk ; was restored to the dukedom by Henry VI, 1455, but notwithstanding joined the Yorkists and married Bdward IVs sister; fought at the second battle of St. Albans, 1461; steward of England at the coronation of Bdward IV, 1461: K.G., 1472; high steward of Oxford University, 1472; received many favours from Edward IV, bat on the king's duttth immediately supported Richard III, and after Bos worth field (1485) swore fealty to Henry VII, who continued to trust him in spite of his eldest son's defection.
Margaret Pole: '''Margaret Pole''' , COUNTESS OF SALISBURY ([[1473]]1541), daughter of George Plantageuet, duke of Clarence ; married, by Henry VII, to Sir Riuhard Pole (rf. 1505), a gentleman of Buckinghamshire, probably c. 1491; given the family hinds of the earldom of Salisbury in fee by Henry VI II, who was desirous to atone for the execution of her brother, Edward, earl of Warwick, and (1513) created Countess of Salisbury; governess to the Princess Mary; refused, on the marriage of Henry VIII with Anne Bolevn, to give up the Princess Mary's jewels to the new queen, and was discharged from her office; returned to court after Anne's fall in 1536; her position compromised (1536) by her sou Reginald Pole's book, De Unitute Ecclesiastica for which, in spite of her condemnation of the work, Henry VIII resolved to destroy the whole family; her sou, Sir Henry Pole, baron Montague, executed, 1538; included in an act of attainder, May 1539; beheaded, May 1541, within the precincts of the Tower of London on the news of Sir John Neville's rising in Yorkshire.
Michael De La Pole: '''Michael De La Pole''' , culled in English MICHAEL
Pool Atte: '''Pool Atte''' , first EAUL OF SUFFOLK ([[1330]] 'M[[389]]), son of Sir William de la Pole (. 1366); chiefly occupied from 1355 onward, for many years, with the war against the French; first summoned to parliament as a baron, 1366; took part under the Black Prince in the famous siege of Limoges, 1370: attached himself to John of Gaunt, and in the Good parliament (1376) stood strongly on the side of the crown: appointed admiral north of the Thames, 1376; superseded as admiral, December 1377; became the most trusted personal adviser of the young king Richard II on the retirement of John of Gaunt to Castile; appointed chancellor of England, 1383; unsuccessfully advocated a policy of peace in his speech to parliament, 1884; incurred much odium on account of his great wealth; created Earl of Suffolk, 1385; opposition to liim formally organised (1386) under Richard II's uncle, lxmas, duke of Gloucester: his dismissal demanded by both Lords and Commons, who were apprehensive of large pecuniary demands for the prosecution of the war; dismissed, in spite of King Richard IPs reluctance, and articles of impeachment drawn up against him, charging him with misappropriation of funds and remis%ness in carrying on the war, 1386; convicted on three charges, tad sentenced to the loss of the lands and grants he had received contrary to his oath, and was committed to prison until he had paid au adequate fine: released from custody by Richard II on the termination of the Wonderful parliament, his fine remitted, and himself reinstated as Klchard IPs adviser; compelled (November 1387), by dread of the meeting of parliament, to flee the realm; reached Paris after many difficulties; died at Paris. During us absence be wa* condemned to death, and his title and - forfeited.
Michael Ok La Pole: '''Michael Ok La Pole''' , second EARL OF SUFFOLK (1361 ?-l 115), eldest *on of Michael de la Pole, first earl ot Suffolk; restored to his father's earldom, 1397, the ! restoration being renewed after Henry IVV accession. He joined Henry VV expedition to France hi 1415, and died during the siege of Harfleur.
Michael De La Pole: '''Michael De La Pole''' , third EAUL OF SUFFOLK (1394-1415), eldest son of Michael de la Pole, second carl of Suffolk; served with his father before Hartieur; distinguished himself by his bravery at Ayiucourt, where he was killed.
Pole: '''Pole''' or DE LA POLE, RALPH (Jt. [[1442]]-[[1459]]), judge; serjeant-at-law, 1442; justice of the king's bench, 1452. His name occurs in the latter capacity until 1459.
Reginald Pole: '''Reginald Pole''' ([[1500]]-[[1558]]), cardinal and archbishop of Canterbury; son of Sir Richard Pole, by his wife Margaret; educated at Charterhouse School and Magdalen College, Oxford; B.A., 1515; received several preferments while a youth and still a layman; sent by Henry VIII at his own wish to Italy, 1521, where he studied at Padua, and visited Rome: returned, 1527, and was elected dean of Exeter: studied at Paris, 1529-30; returned to England, soon after which Henry VIII, desirous to obtain his approbation of his divorce, pressed him to accept the archbishopric of York; refused the offer, though genuinely fond of Henry VIII; disapproved of the royal supremacy over the English church, and was allowed (Jauuarj1632) to return to Padua; formulated at Henry VIII's request (1536) his views on Henry VIII's divorce and the divine institution of the papal supremacy in his treatise Pro Ecclesiastics Unitatis Defeusione severely criticising Henry VIII's conduct; declined au invitation to return to England: summoned to Rome in November by Pope Paul III to act on a committee to draw up a scheme for reforming the discipline of the church; took deacon's orders and was made a cardinal, December 1536; nominated papal legate to England, February 1537, and despatched thither by Pope Paul III; travelled through France, where Francis I was summoned by Henry VIII to deliver him up as a rebel; received an intimation from Francis I that he must leave France; mode his way to Cambray, and eventually to Liege, where he was safe from extradition; returned to Rome, and (1538) heard of the arrest of his mother and eldest brother on charge of treason; accepted a mission from Pope Paul III to form a league of Christian princes against Henry VIII, which, however, failed, chiefly on account of the jealousies between Francis I and Charles V; returned to Rome in 1540, when Pope Paul III bestowed on him the legation of the patrimony; one of the three legates appointed (1540) to open the council of Trent; vainly endeavoured, on the death of Henry VIII in 1547, to reconcile England with the holy see, through the Protector Somerset and the Earl of Warwick: just missed election as pope, though supported by the Spanish party, 1549; favoured by the new pontiff, Juliu? Ill; nominated papal legate to the queen on Mary's accession, but hindered from coming to England by the Emperor Charles V'e reluctance to allow him to influence Queen Mary before her marriage with his son Philip; his attainder reversed in November 1554, after the marriage, and he himself permitted to return, Queen Mary praying him to come, not as legate, but only as cardinal and ambassador: entrusted with the care of Queen Mary by her husband, Philip, on Philip's leaving England in October 1555; raised to the dignity of cardinal-priest, December 1555, Queen Mary designing him to succeed Cranuier as archbishop; occupied with the proceedings in a synod of both convocations for the reform and settlement of the affairs of the English church and its reconciliation with Rome; consecrated archbishop of Canterbury, March 1556: chancellor of Cambridge University, 1656; found that he had underestimated the difficulties of reconciling the realm with Rome, the question of the restoration of church property proving au especial stumbling-block, as no assurances of immunity to the lay proprietors could allay their disquiet: his anxieties increased by the war between Pope Paul IV and Philip II, and by the violent personal animosity of Pope Paul IV, who cancelled his legation and stigmatised him privately as a heretic; died at Lamin-th Palace on 17 Nov. 1568, the evening of the day of Mary's death; buried in St. Thomas's Chapel, Canterbury. HisDe Ooucilio was printed at Venice in 15U2, hisDe Unitatc*
Pole: '''Pole''' 1055
Pollard: '''Pollard''' at IuKoldU.lt in 1887. His life WM animated by a single purpose, the restoration of that ecclesiastical system which Henry VIII had shattered.
Sir Richard Pk Pole: '''Sir Richard Pk Pole''' I.A (.. 1 :;..s, royal officer : became collector of Edward Il's custom* at Hull, 1320; M.I, Hull, 1322 and 1327; Edward II-, -I, i.-i hul 1338; removed to London, 1333; knighted, 1840.
Richard Pole: '''Richard Pole''' n LA (. 15*5), pretender to the crown, son of John de la Pole, second duke of Suffolk; escaped abroad in 1501 with his brother, Sir Kdnmnd de la Pole, earl of Suffolk; attainted, 1504, and exempted (1509) from the general pardon at the accession of Henry VIII; nxxwnlsed M king of England by Loots XII, 1512; fought for France in Spain and the Netherlands; compelled to leave France on the conclusion of peace in 1514: resided at Mete till 1519; made preparations to invade England, in concert with the Scots, 1523: killed at the battle of Pavin, by the side of Francia I.
Thomas Pole: '''Thomas Pole''' ([[1753]]-[[1829]]), quaker and physician ; settled in London, 1781; published his Anatomical Instmctor 1790; M.D. St. Andrews, 1801; removal to Bristol, 1802; devoted much time throughout life to ministerial work in the Society of Friends, travelling through England and Wales to visit their meetings.
Sir William Dr La Pole: '''Sir William Dr La Pole''' , called in English
Attk Pool William: '''Attk Pool William''' (. [[1386]]), baron of the exchequer and merchant; younger brother of Sir Richard de la Pole ; was a merchant of Hull, who with his brother advanced larsre sums to the government during the regency of Isabella and Mortimer; M.P., Hull, 1S32, 1334, 1336, and 1338; received various offices from Edward III in return for loans of money; knight-banneret, 1838; appointed baron of the exchequer, 1339: fell into temporary disgrace, 1340, and although eventually enjoying royal favour, for more than twenty yean does not again appear in & prominent position.
William Dk La Pole: '''William Dk La Pole''' , fourth EARL and first
of Suffolk Dckk: '''of Suffolk Dckk''' ([[1896]]-[[1450]]), son of Michael de la Pole, second earl of Suffolk; served in Henry V's French wars, and after Henry V's death fought under the Duke of Bedford; created Earl of Dreux, e. 14S6, and on the death of the Earl of Salisbury in 1428 succeeded to the command of the English forces; forced to surrender at Jargeau, soon after Jeanne d'Arc had raised the siege of Orleans, 1429; ransomed himself and (1430) again took part in the war; occupied himself with home politics from 1431; admitted a member of the council, 1431, becoming an advocate of peace; inclined, by his marriage to the widowed Countess of Salisbury, to connection with the Beanfortti; came forward as the chief opponent of Humphrey, duke of Gloucester, who after Bedford's death (1435) led the war party: desired that Henry VI should marry Margaret of Anjou, and defeated Gloucester's project to unite him to a daughter of the Count of Armagnac. 1442; escorted Margaret to England, November 14 14; peace negotiations continued under hi.- influence without definite result through 1446; with Queen Margaret spared no pains to effect the overthrow of Gloucester, who was arrested at the parliament summoned nt Bury, February 1447, and died five days later; left without a rival by the death of Cardinal Beaufort six weeks after; had Richard of York deprived of the command in France and.-out into banishment as lieutenant of Ireland, thereby in.-nrring his implacable enmity, which, however, troubled him little, as he had Henry VI's support; became a duke, 1448, thereby reaching the summit of his power; had become, unpopular, in consequence of the cession of the English possessions in Anjou and Maine, to which he hud agreed at the time of the royal marriage, and was finally discredited by the renewed outbreak of war in France and the English losses, 1449; accused by the Commons (1450) of having sold the realm to the French, and was committed to the Tower of London; banished by Henry VI for live years (March 1450), a compromise by which Henry VI hoped to save him and satisfy the Commons as well; intercepted when off Dover and beheaded at sea, poesibly at the institution of Richard of York. He married Alice, daughter of Thomas Chaucer, probably a granddaughter of the poet.
Sir William Pole: '''Sir William Pole''' ([[1561]]-[[1636]]), antiquary; a Devonshire landowner; entered the Inner Temple, 1578; -iney, 1586; knurhted. 1606; left Urge mannscript,-,,li.ti,,,,, for the hutory und antiquities of Devonshin-, tin- greater part of which perished during the civil war; i.ut two folio volumes, entitled The Description of Deronshirr were printed in 179L

[edit] Section 1116

William Pole: '''William Pole''' ([[1814]]-[[1900]]), CM and authority on whut: apprenticed as *# ?* bseqaenUj worked in at Mr M.K 1... n,;.,.-,...! -.,,..,.-., -1, SMtM Pi l*m M.K 1... i*". " b""""S..... 5"7, i** Mi M pMfcsiBi i engineering at rfphinstone College, Bombiy, 1844-7: assistant (1852-7) to James Meadow. Kendd q. T.I. under bo* hi MM sti* -i.-,;;,;.,!:! JJy: MslsUnt to Sir John Fowler. 18*7; eU Wished himself as consulting engineer at Westminster, ls,-,;uHt,.,,,:,,;,!,,,,:;... M.:,,::.,.:,,,,, 1,, !;.M,v,r !. meat work; secretary to royal commission on London water supply, 1867; processor of ciTil engineering at University College, London, 18*9-67: FJUi!, 18l7and vi,-e..r,-:,iri,t. i*;:,;i,,.i IMS; M-.n..-. OztMd, tiff; examiner for musical degree* in London University, 187H1891; vice-president of Hoyal College of Organists; published historical and technical works and papers relating to engineering and musical subject bkIe7seTeralsu cessf ul treatises on whist
William Wblleslby Pole: '''William Wblleslby Pole''' -, third EARL or MoKMXGTON (1763-1845).
Henry Btedman Polehamptow: '''Henry Btedman Polehamptow''' ([[1824]]-[[1817]]), Indian chaplain; fellow of Pembroke College. Oxford, 1846; M.A., 1849; accepted an East Indian chaplaincy, 1855, and took part in the defence of the residency at Lucknow, dyinir of cholera during the siege. The value of bis services is attested by Havelock'a despatches.
Robert Polentus: '''Robert Polentus''' (rf. [[1147]] ?).
Edward Polhill: '''Edward Polhill''' ([[1628]]-[[1694]]?), religious writer ; barrister, Uruy's Inn: divided his time between the care of his estates in Sussex and the compilation of religions tracts, somewhat Calvinlstic in temper, but supporting the established church.
John William Polidori: '''John William Polidori''' ([[1795]]-[[1821]]), physician and author: M.D. Edinburgh, 1815; appointed physician and secretary to Lord Byron, 1816; returned to England. the engagement being dissolved (1817) parting on good U-i-ins with Byron: published (1819) "The Vampire which he attributed to Byron, and which, in spite of Byrou disclaimer, gained great celebrity on the continent; wrote other tales in his own name; committed suicide in consequence of a gaming debt.
Loud Polxemmet: '''Loud Polxemmet''' (rf. [[181]] ). Sec BAILLIK,
William: '''William'''
Pollard: '''Pollard''' Sin HUGH, second buronet . [[1666]]), royalist; descended from Sir Lewis Pollard; served aeainst the Scots, 1640: M.P., Heeralston, 1640: implicated in the first army plot, 1 1641: mainly employed in Devon and Cornwall during the civil war; governor of Dartmouth, 1646; taken prisoner, 1646, and afterward.* submitted; became governor of Guernsey and comptroller of Charles II V household at the Restoration,
Sir John Pollard: '''Sir John Pollard''' . [[1657]]), speaker of the Hon.-.of Commons; serjeant-at-law, 1647-50: M.P., Oxfordshire, 1553 and 1654, Wiltshire, 1556; knigbUd, 1553; speaker, 1553-5.
Leonard Pollard: '''Leonard Pollard''' (rf. [[1566]]), divine : fellow of Peterhousc, Cambridge, 1546; M.A., 1547; D.D.: prebendary of Worcester, 1651, of Peterborough, 1653: fellow of st. John's College, Cambridge, Ift.s i.
Sir Lewis Pollard: '''Sir Lewis Pollard''' ([[1465]] V-[[1540]]X judge; barrister, Middle Temple (reader, 1602): king* Serjeant, 1607; a justice of common pk-us, 1614-26; knighted, 1514.
Robert Pollard: '''Robert Pollard''' ([[1755]]-[[1838]]), graver; practised for a time as a landscape and marine painter, but (c. 1782) established himself in Spa Fields, London, us an engraver and printecller: director of the Incorporated Society of Artists, 1789.
William Pollard: '''William Pollard''' ([[1828]]-[[1898]]), quaker ; wrot* several school-books and works on quaker tenet*: secretary of the Manchester Peace and Arbitration Society, 1872-91. P OIL ARD-TJRQUHAIIT 1056
Ponsonby: '''Ponsonby'''
Pollard: '''Pollard''' -URftUHART, WILLIAM ([[1815]]-[[1871]]), miscellaneous writor; of Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge: M.A., 1843: took the additional name of Urquhart, 1846; liberal M.P. for Westineatb, 1852-7, and 1869-71; wrote chiefly on currency and agriculture.
Pollexfen: '''Pollexfen''' SlB HENRY (1G32 ?-[[1691]]) ; judge: barrister. Inner Temple, 1658 (bencher, 1674); earned the reputation as a barrister of being the antagonist of court and crown, but In 1685 was crown prosecutor against Monmouth's followers in the west: defended the seven bishops, Jane 1688: knighted, 1689; became attorneygeneral, February 1689; chief- justice of the common pleas, May 1689.
John Follezrn: '''John Follezrn''' . [[1675]]-[[1697]]), merchant and economic writer; was a member of the board of trade; publishedA Discourse of Trade(1697X in which he treated labour as the sole source of wealth.
Sir Charles Edward Pollock: '''Sir Charles Edward Pollock''' ([[1823]]-[[1897]]), judge; son of ohief-baron Sir Jonathan Frederick Pollock ; educated at St. Paul's School, London; served as private secretary and marshal to his father; called to bar at Inner Temple, 1847; bencher, 1866; Q.O., 1866; raised to exchequer bench, invested with coif, and knighted, 1873: received status of justice of high court, 1875, but retained his old official designation, and on death of Baron Huddleston ( 1890) was left hist baron of exchequer; published legal works.
Sir David Pollock: '''Sir David Pollock''' ([[1780]]-[[1847]]), judge ; of St. Paul's School, London, and Edinburgh University; barrister, Middle Temple, 1803; K.C., 1833; chief-Justice of the supreme court of Bombay in 1846-7; knighted, 1846. Wvi.es:
Sir George Pollock: '''Sir George Pollock''' , first baronet ([[1786]]-[[1872]]), field-marshal; brother of Sir David Pollock; entered the East India Company artillery, 1803; took part in the campaign against Holkar, 1804-5, and served in Nipal, 1814, and in the first Burmese war, 1624-6; major-general, 1838: appointed (January 1842) to command the expedition for the relief of Jalalabad, which he reached after heavy fighting in April; with Brigadier-general (Sir) William Nott, who was at Kandahar, was instructed by Lord Ellenborough, then governor-general, to make arrangements for withdrawing from Afghanistan; being, however, convinced of the practicability of advancing on Kabul, remonstrated strongly, and was allowed to advance at his own discretion; defeated the enemy at Jagdalak and Tezin, and arrived before Kabul in September 1842, and next day was joined by Nott; remained at Kabul till October, and returned to India in December 1849: created G.C.B. and thanked for his services by both booses of parliament; appointed military member of the supreme council of India, 1844: returned to England, 1846, and ( 1854) became senior government director of the Kast India Company; field-marshal, 1870; created baronet, 1872.
Sir Jonathan Frederick Pollock: '''Sir Jonathan Frederick Pollock''' , first baronet (1783- 1870), judge; brother of Sir David Pollock ; fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1807; M.A., 1809; barrister. Middle Temple, 1809; K.C., 1827; tory M.P. for Huntingdon from 1831; knighted, 1834; attorneygeneral in Peel's first administration, 1834-5, and in his second administration, 1841-4: chief-baron of the exchequer, 1844-66; created baronet, 1866.
Sir William Frederick Pollock: '''Sir William Frederick Pollock''' , second baronet (1815-1888), queen's remembrancer and author; eldest son of Sir Jonathan Frederick Pollock: M.A Trinity College, Cambridge, 1840; barrister, Inner Temple, 1838; queen's remembrancer, 1874-86; rendered Dante's 4 Divine Comedy into English blank verse. 1854; published 'Personal Remembrances, 1 1887.
Robert Pollok: '''Robert Pollok''' ([[1798]]-[[1827]]), poet: seventh son of a small fanner in Renfrewshire: wrote The Course of Tiine(1827), a poem in ten books, the versification of which recalls Cowper and Young.
Polton: '''Polton''' Lmi ([[1660]] ? [[1733]]). See OALDKIIWOOD, bin WII.I.UM. ii Vt THOMAS (* 1433 X encccssiTely bishop of onl, Chichester, and WorcesU-r; papal prothonotary nd bead of the Englishnationat the council of 1414-18; consecrated bishop of Hereford, 1420; translated to Chichester, 1421, to Worcester, 1426; died and was buried at Basle, having been sent to the council of Basle.

[edit] Section 1117

Uakox Polwarth: '''Uakox Polwarth''' ([[1641]]-[[1724]]). See HUME, Sm
Patrick: '''Patrick''' first EARL OF MARCHMONT.
Richard Polwhele: '''Richard Polwhele''' ([[1760]]-[[1838]]), miscellaneous writer; was educated at Christ Church, Oxford; held several small livings in Cornwall, but was a man of independent means; commenced publishing poems at the age of seventeen, and became in turn poet, topographer, theologian, and literary chronicler. His topographical works included unsatisfactory histories of Devon and Cornwall, but his volumes of reminiscences and anecdotes were less worthless, including much interesting biographical matter.
Polwhele: '''Polwhele''' or POLWHEILE, THEOPHILUS (d. 1689). puritan divine; M.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1651; held a rectory at Tiverton from 1654 till 1660, when he was ejected; author of devotional works.
Pomfret: '''Pomfret''' fourth EARL OP ([[1770]]-[[1833]]). See
Thomas William Fkrmor: '''Thomas William Fkrmor''' .
Countess of Pomfret: '''Countess of Pomfret''' (d. [[1761]]). See FERMOR,
Louisa Henrietta: '''Louisa Henrietta''' .
John Pomfret: '''John Pomfret''' ([[1667]]-[[1702]]), poet ; M.A. Queens' College, Cambridge, 1688; rector of Maulden, 1695-1702, of Millbropk, 1702; chiefly remembered byThe Choice (1700), which procured his inclusion in Johnson'sLives of the Poets
Samuel Pomfret: '''Samuel Pomfret''' ([[1650]]-[[1722]]), divine ; minister at Sandwich for seven years, when he was arrested for nonconformity; subsequently became an itinerant preacher.
John Ponce: '''John Ponce''' (d. [[1660]] ?), author ; professor of theology at the Irish College at Rome; died at Paris, after publishing several works on the theology of the schoolmen,
Arthur Pond: '''Arthur Pond''' ([[1705]] ?-[[1758]]), painter and engraver : a successful portrait-painter in London and a prolific etcher.
Edward Pond: '''Edward Pond''' (d. [[1629]]), almanac-maker; published an annual almanac from 1601, which was continued after his death till 1709.
John Pond: '''John Pond''' ([[1767]]-[[1836]]), astronomer royal; of Trinity College, Cambridge; detected errors in the Greenwich observations when fifteen; settled at Westbury in Somerset, 1798, where he erected an altazimuth; appointed astronomer royal, 1811; substituted (1821) a mercury-horizon for the plumb-line and spirit-level, and (1825) introduced the system of observing the same objects alternately by direct and reflected vision: published (1833) a catalogue of 1,113 stars, determined with unexampled accuracy. His reform of the national observatory, by procuring for it a modern outfit, was of immense importance.
Ponet: '''Ponet''' or POYNET, JOHN (15l4?-[[1566]]), successively bishop of Rochester and Winchester; became fellow of QueensCollege, Cambridge, 1532; D.D., 1547; a strong divine of the reforming school; became Oranmer's chaplain before 1547, receiving also other preferments; consecrated bishop of Rochester, 1650, and in 1551 translated to Winchester: deprived on the accession of Queen Mary, after which he fled to the continent; died at Strasburg. He wrote, besides other works, an exposition of the doctrine of tyrannicide in a Short Treatise of Politique Power 1566.
Lady Emily Charlotte Mary Ponsonby: '''Lady Emily Charlotte Mary Ponsonby''' (1817-1877), daughter of John William Ponsonby, fourth earl of Bessborough; published a number of novels, some anonymously, between 1848 and 1873.
Sir Frederic Cavendish Ponsonby: '''Sir Frederic Cavendish Ponsonby''' ([[1783]]1887), major-general; grandson of William Ponsouby, second earl of Bessborough; entered the army, 1800, and went with his regiment to Spain in 1809, distinguishing himself as a cavalry officer at Talavera and Barosa; obtained command (1811) of the llth light dragoons, whom he led for the rest of the war: wounded at Waterloo, 1K15: went on half-pay in 1K20; inaiorKeneral, 1825; governor of Malta, 1826-35; G.G.M.G., 1828; K.O.B. and K.C.H., 1831.
Ponsonby: '''Ponsonby''' 10.07
Poole: '''Poole'''
Frederick Qborob Brai Ponsonby: '''Frederick Qborob Brai Ponsonby''' "N. MxthKAKi.oKlKSSHoKon;ii(lhl5-lH98),sonof Juim William I'onsonby, fourth earl of Beasborontrh: of Harrow unl Trinity College, Cambridge; M.A., 18*7: barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1840; succeeded his brother an sixth nirl, 1880. He was an enthusiastic cricketer, playing for Harrow and Cambridge, an well as In Gentlemen r. Players, and founding I Xingari Olub in 1845.
Oeorge Ponsonby: '''Oeorge Ponsonby''' ([[1755]]-[[1817]]), lonl chancellor of Ireland: son of John Ponsonby (1718-1789) q. T.J; -tiMi.-d iit Trinity College, Cambridge: M.P., Wicklow, 1776, Inistioge, 1783-97, Oalway (in the last Irish parliament, dissolved 1800); called to the Irish bar, 1780; chancellor of the exchequer under the Duke of Portland, 1782: urged the claims of the Irish. being disappointed in his attempts to settle the question and to purify political life, seceded from parliament; returned to political life and resisted the union In the hut Irish parliament; M.I 1., co. Wicklow (United Kingdom), 1801, co. Cork, 1806-7, Tavistock, 1808; became lord chancellor of Ireland on the formation of the Fox-Grcnvilic ministry, 1806, retiring within a year; leader of the opposition in the Commons from 1808.
Henry Ponsonby: '''Henry Ponsonby''' (. [[1745]]). major-general: captain of foot, 1705: M.P., Fethard (Irish parliament), 1715; subsequently M.I for Clonmeon, Inistioge, and Newtown: fought at Dettingen, 1743; major 1713: killed at Fontenoy, while in the front of the famous charge of the British and Hanoverian infantry.
Ponsonby: '''Ponsonby''' Sm HENRY FREDERICK ([[1816]]-[[1895]]), major-general: eldest son of Sir Frederic Cavendish Ponsonby: served in the Crimea; major-general, 1868; appointal private secretary to Queen Victoria, 1870; privy councillor, 1880: G.O.B., 1887.
John Ponsonby: '''John Ponsonby''' ([[1713]]-[[1789]]), speaker of the Irish House of Commons: entered Irish parliament as M.P., Newtown, 1739; appointed secretary to the revenue board, 1742: first commissioner, 1744-71; elected speaker, 1756; possessed very great parliamentary influence, being eminent among theundertaken? a few families who engrossed the emoluments of the county; the appointment of the Marquis of Townshend as resident viceroy a serious blow to his influence: dismissed from the board of revenue for opposition to government, 1771, resigning the speakership at the close of the session: gradually ceased to take an active part in politics after 1776.
Ponsonby: '''Ponsonby''' Sm JOHN, VIBCOCXT PONSONBY and second BARON PONSONBY (17707-1855), eldest son of William Brabazon Ponsonby, first baron Ponsonby; minister plenipotentiary at Buenos Ayres, 1826-8, and at Rio de Janeiro, 1828-30; envoy extraordinary at Brussels, 1830-1; envoy at Naples, 1832; ambassador at Constantinople, 1832-7; G.C.B., 1834; created Viscount Ponsonby, 1839; ambassador at Vienna, 1846-50.

[edit] Section 1118

John William Ponsonby: '''John William Ponsonby''' , fourth EARL OF
Brrsborough: '''Brrsborough''' and VISCOUNT DUNCANNON ([[1781]]-[[1847]]), grandson of William Ponsonby. second earl of Bessborough : created M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1802: whig M.P. for Knaresborough, 1806, Higbam Ferrers, 1806 and 1807, Malton, 1812-26, Kilkenny, 1826 and 1831, Nottingham, 1832-4; called to the House of Lords as Viscount Duncannon, 1834: home secretary under Lord Melbourne, 1834-5; succeeded to the earldom of Bessborough, 1844; lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 1846-7.
Richard Ponsonby: '''Richard Ponsonby''' ([[1772]]-[[1853]]), bishop of Derry : son of William Braba.on Ponsonby, first baron Ponsonby ; M.A. Dublin, 1816; consecrated bishop of Killaloe and Kilfenora, 1828; translated to Derry, 1831, becoming also bishop of Raphoe in pursuance of the Church Temporalities Act, 1834.
Sarah Ponsonby: '''Sarah Ponsonby''' ([[1745]]7-[[1831]]), recluse of Llangollen: grand-daughter of Henry Pousonby; was the companion of Lady Eleanor Butler for fifty years in her retirement at Llaugollen.
William Ponsonby: '''William Ponsonby''' ([[1546]]7-[[1604]]), publisher : apprenticed (1560-70) to William Norton; began business on his own account (1677) in St. Paul's Churchyard. He owes his fame to his aonnection with Spenser from 1R90, no less than ten volumes of Spenser's work* appearing under his auspices.
William Ponsonby: '''William Ponsonby''' , iiiMiut -HI (1704-1793X M.P., Newtown, 1716, oo, : M.P., Derby. 1741-64, Haltasb, 1764-6, 1766-8; succeeded to hi* father's title, 1768: secretary to the lord- lieutenant, 1789; became joint post m: i-t.-rv.-..,-r.i!. 17V... n-.u'n.n in LTttLOl UW !-,! of bis brother-in-law, the Duke of Devonshire; reap. pointed, 1768; resigned, 1766.
Ponsonby: '''Ponsonby''' Km WILLIAM ([[1771]]-[[1816]]), majorgeneral; son of William Hrabaiou PotiMuby. flrrt baron Ponsonby; obtained command of the 6th dragoon guards, 1808; served in Spain, 1811-14; tod his brigade at Vittoria, 1811; K.O.B., 1816; led the famous charge of the Union brigade on d'Rrlon's hattered corps at Waterloo, and was killed by French lancers.
William Hrabazon Ponsonby: '''William Hrabazon Ponsonby''' , first BARON v (1744-1806 X eldest sou of John Pou'ouby : M.P., Cork, 1764-76, Bandon Bridge, 1776-88. co. Kilkenny, 17K3-1806; appointed it pa tted Pa of Ireland. 1784: removed, 1789; ere of Imokilly in co. Cork, 1806; be wa a steady adherent of Charles James Pox.
Kylpont Pont: '''Kylpont Pont''' , or KYNPONT, ROBERT (16*41606), Scottish reformer: studied at St. Andrew*, where he wa settled in 1669: appointed minister inn iiisahrii at Dunblane and Duukeld, 1562, and 1568 commissioner of Moray, Inverness, and Banff; became minister of Blrnie, 1567; appointed provost of Trinity College, near Edinburgh, 1571; nominated (1671) a lord of session by ipecial permission of the assembly: translated (1573) to St. Cuthbert's, Edinburgh: became minister at St. Andrews, 1681; compelled to take refuge in England for protesting against the validity of acts of parliament regarding the jurisdiction of the church, 1684; returned to Scotland, 1586, and continued to take a leading part in ecclesiastical affairs until his death: published chronological and religious works.
Timothy Pont: '''Timothy Pont''' ([[1560]] 7-[[1614]] ? ). topographer ; elder son of Robert Pont; M.A. St. Andrews, 1684; was an accomplished mathematician, and the first projector of a Scottish atlas. The originals of his maps are in the OP (. 1181). See AdvocatesLibrary, Edinburgh.
Pont: '''Pont''' L'EVEftUE, ROGER ; ROORR,
Pontack: '''Pontack''' ([[1638]] 7-[[1720]] ?X tavern-keeper: son ! of Aniaud de Pontac, president of the parliament of 1 Bordeaux; had some skill in rabbinical learning; opened a tavern in Abcburch Lane, called Pon tack's Head, which became the most fashionable eating-house in London. It is frequently noticed in contemporary literature.
Munoo Ponton: '''Munoo Ponton''' ([[1801]]-[[1880]]), photographic inventor; was a writer to the signet; discovered (1839) tliat the action of the sun renders bichromate of mercury insoluble, the basis of permanent photography.
Arthur William Poole: '''Arthur William Poole''' ([[1862]]-[[1886]] ),misionary bishop; M.A. Worcester College, Oxford, 1876; D.D., 1883: went to Masnlipatam as a missionary in 1877; made bishop of Japan, 1883.
Edward Stanley Poole: '''Edward Stanley Poole''' ([[1830]]-[[1887]]), Arabic scholar; elder son of Sophia Poole: among other works, published (I860) a new edition of the translation of the Thousand and One Nights by his uncle, Edward William Lane
George Poole: '''George Poole''' A YLIFFE ([[1809]]-[[1888]]), divine and author: M.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1888; vicar of Welford, 1843-76; rector of Winwick, 1876-88; was a strong high churchman, and took part in ecclesiastical controversy; but the work of his life was to promote the revival of Gothic architecture.
Jacob Poole: '''Jacob Poole''' ([[1774]]-[[1827]]), antiquary ; studied the customs and language of the dwellers in the barouief of Bargy ami Forth in Wexford, who spoke an English dialect dating from the English conquest. His collection of words and phrase* was published by William Barnes, 1867.
John Poole: '''John Poole''' ([[1788]]7-[[1872]]), dramatist and miscellaneous author: obtained pronounced success as a dramaI tist in early life; wrote comedies and farces for tin- London theatres: obtained a pension through Charles Dickens in later life. l*l*i 7 3i
Poole: '''Poole''' 1058
Pope: '''Pope'''
Jonas Poole: '''Jonas Poole''' (d. [[1612]]), mariner; made a voyage Viixima In 1607 in the employment of Sir Thomas visited Spitsbergen. *M- 98 1
Joshua Poole: '''Joshua Poole''' (fl. [[1632]]-[[1646]]), writer of schoolboota-M A Clare Hail, Cambridge; publishedThe English Accidence 1646, andThe English V**, (posthumous), 1667.
Maria Poole: '''Maria Poole''' ([[1770]] 7-[[1833]]).
Poole: '''Poole''' or POLE, MATTHEW ([[1624]]-[[1679]]), biblical I commentator: M.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1652 (Incorporated at Oxford, 1657); rector of St Michael-leQuerneVl 649-62, resigning on the passing of the Uniformity Act: engaged (1666-76) on the work of his life, his 'Synopsisof the critical labours of biblical commentators, which ran to five folio volumes and had a large sale; died at Amsterdam in 1679.
Paul Falconer Poole: '''Paul Falconer Poole''' ([[1807]]-[[1879]]), historical painter: was almost entirely self-taught: began to exhibit in the Royal Academy, 1830; attracted much notice by his picture of Solomon Eagle exhorting the People to Repentance during the Plague of the Year 1665 1843.

[edit] Section 1119

Reginald Stuart Poole: '''Reginald Stuart Poole''' ([[1832]]-[[1895]]), archaeologist and orientalist: younger son of Sophia Poole; devoted himself in early life to the study of ancient Egypt: admitted assistant to the British Museum, 1852; became keeper of the coins and medals, 1870; initiated a system of scientific catalogues, editing and collating thirty-five volumes; lectured and wrote much'on Egyptology,
Robert Poole: '''Robert Poole''' ([[1708]]-[[1752]]), medical and theological writer; physician to the Middlesex infirmary, 1745-6, to the small-pox hospital, 1746-8; friend and follower of George Whitfield. Besides two books, recording his travels, issued in his own name, he wrote devotional and medical works under the pseudonym Theophilus Philanthropes.*
Sophia Poole: '''Sophia Poole''' ([[1804]]-[[1891]]), author of ' The Englishwoman in Egypt; sister of Edward William Lane ; married (1829) Edward Richard Poole, a wellknown bibliophile; resided in Egypt with her brother, 1842-9; published The Englishwoman in Egypt 1844-6.
Thomas Poole: '''Thomas Poole''' ([[1765]]-[[1837]]), friend of Coleridge ; a tanner by trade; began an intimacy with Coleridge (r. 1794) which continued throughout life. He assisted Coleridge pecuniarily.
Poor: '''Poor''' or PAUPER, HERBERT (d. [[1217]]), bishop of Salisbury: son of Richard of Ilchester (i. 1188), bishop of Winchester; appointed archdeacon of Canterbury, 1175; consecrated bishop of Salisbury, 1194; conceived the design of removing the see from Old Sarum to a more suitable site in the plain, a project which was afterwards carried out by his brother and successor, Richard Poor
Poore Poor: '''Poore Poor''' , POURE, or LE POOR, RICHARD (d. 1237), successively bishop of Chichester, Salisbury, and Durham: son of Richard of Ilchester (d. 1188). bishop of Winchester: elected bishop of Chichester, 1214, and translated to Salisbury, 1217: commenced ( 1220) the erection of the present Early-English cathedral of Salisbury, which was consecrated in 1225; bishop of Durham, 1228-37; perhaps author of the Ancren Riwle Panciroli's Identification of him with Richard Anglicus the jorUt and canonist is probably Incorrect. POOR, ROGER LK (fl. 1139). POPE, ALEXANDER (1688-1744), poet; son of Alexander Pope (1641 ?-1717), a Roman catholic linendraper of London; a precocious child, and calledthe little nightingale from the beauty of his voice; his health rained and his figure distorted by a severe illness at the age of twelve, brought on by perpetual application; began at an early age to imitate his favourite authors became Intimate (c. 1704) with William Wycherley I who introduced him to town life: came into notice by the publication of the Pastorals in 1709,iuTon8on'8 Poetic Miscellanies *; publiahed anonymously (1711) the Essay on Criticism which was warmly praised by Addison in tbeSpectator became known to the Addison circle his Messiah* published in the Spectator 14 May 1712; published Rape of the Lock in Lintot's Miscellanies 1712, and separately, 1714; published (1713)Windsor Forest which appealed to the tories by its references to the peace of Utm-ht, and von liiui the friendship of Swift; drifted apart from Addison's little senate and became a memlxjr of theScriblerus Club an informal association, which included Swift, Gay, Arbuthnot, Atterbury, Oxford, and others; issued (1715) the first volume, of his translation of theIliad(completed in 1720), which reflected with genuine rhetorical vigour the classicism of the time; bought (1719) the lease of a house at Twickenham, where he lived for the rest of his life; a close friend of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu and Martha Blount, 1715-22; after the final publication of theIliadwas engaged for a time on task work, editing the poems of Parnell in 1722, and beginning an edition of Shakespeare for To M son, which appeared in 1825; assisted in his translation of the Odyssey by William Broorne and Elijah Fenton; issued his translation of the Odyssey 1725-6, which brought an addition of fortune, though not much of fame; published theDunciad (anonymously), 1712, thereby making an unprecedented stir among authors; issued an enlarged edition, 1729, though the poem was not acknowledged till it appeared in Pope'sWorksin 1735; hisDuuciadattacked in numerous rejoinders, which caused him some mortification; led by Bolingbroke's influence over him as a friend and philosopher into writing theEssay on Man(1733) and the four Moral Essays which were the only parts completed of a series of poems intended to embrace a systematic survey of human nature; published (1733) his translation from Horace of the first satire of the second book, the first of a series of his most felicitous writings, continued intermittently until the close of his life: occupied himself in the meantime with the publication of his earlier correspondence, which he edited and amended in such a manner as to misrepresent totally the literary history of the time, and also employed a series of discreditable artifices to make it appear that it was published against his wish; assisted Edmund Cur 11, the publisher, who had printed his Familiar Letters to Henry Cromwellin 1726, to publish hisLiterary Correspondence in 1735, and then endeavoured to disavow him; ungenerously took advantage of Swift's failing powers in 1741 ha order to saddle him with the responsibility for a similar publication in 1741; lost his friend, Arbuthnot, by death, 1735; deprived of the society of Boliugbroke, who retired to France, 1735; undertook, by the advice of William Warburton, to complete the 'Dunciadby a fourth book, which appeared in 1742, and contains some of his finest verses; his last literary quarrel the result of a reference in it to Colley Gibber; buried in Twickenham Church. His writings accurately reflect the tendencies of his age, and with reference to that age he was certainly a great poet. Satire and didactic poetry corresponded to the taste of such an epoch; and his scholarly sense of niceties of language led him to polish all liis work with unwearied care. The first collective edition of hisWorksappeared In 1751. The standard edition is that edited by Whitwell Elwin q. v. and Mr. W. J. Courthope, and published between 1871 and 1889.
Pope: '''Pope''' or PAIP, ALEXANDER (d. [[1782]]), Scottish divine; M.A. King's College, Aberdeen, 1725; minister of Heay in Caithness, 1734-82; translated a large part of the Orcades of Torfaeus, and was acquainted wilh Alexander Pope (1688-1744)
Alexander Pope: '''Alexander Pope''' ([[1763]]-[[1835]]), actor and painter ; practised portrait-painting for a time at Cork, but subsequently went on the stage, appearing at Coveut Garden, London, in 1785; made an eminently favourable impression, and for many years played the principal tragic parts in the same house; also made occasional appearances in the country, especially at Edinburgh, where he was a favourite; exhibited fifty-nine miniatures at the Royal Academy between 1787 and 1821.
Clara Maria Pope: '''Clara Maria Pope''' (d. [[1838]]), painter ; daughter of Jared Leigh; married at an early age Francis Wheatley, and in 1807 became the third wife of Alexander Pope (1763-1835); exhibited at the Royal Academy from 1796; in later life enjoyed a great reputation for her groups of flowers.
Pope: '''Pope''' 1059
Porson: '''Porson'''
Elizabeth Pope: '''Elizabeth Pope''' ([[1744]]7-[[1797]]), Younge; became the first wife of 1835) in 1786; first appeared at Drury Lane, London (1768) in the character of Imogen and obtained immediate recognition; n-movr.i from Drury Lane, London (1778) to Covent ( l;irl-n, London, wliere a be remained for the rest of her stage ram-r; found Mr-. Siddon* a formidaMirival in tragedy and Miss Farreu in comedy, but while perhaps surpassed by each in her own province, had a wiiler range than either.
Jane Pope: '''Jane Pope''' ([[1742]]-[[1818]]), actress ; first appeared at Drury Lane, London, 1756: remained at Drury Lane till her retirement from the stage, 1808; excelled in the role of soubrette; praised by Lamb, Hazlitt, and Leigh Hunt.
Maria Ann Pope: '''Maria Ann Pope''' ([[1775]]-[[1803]]), actress: nit Campion: first appeared at the Crow Street Theatre, Dublin, 1792, and was rapidly promoted to be the heroine of the Irish stage; appeared at Covent Garden, London, under the name of Mrs. Spenser, 1797; became the second wife of Alexander Pope (1763-1836) in 1798: aooompanied her husband to Drury Lane, London, 1801, when she was taken ill on 10 June 1803. while playing Desdemona, and died on the 18th.
Sir Thomas Pope: '''Sir Thomas Pope''' ([[1507]] 7-[[1559]]), founder of Trinity College, Oxford; educated at Eton; held many offices about the court, and was enriched by grants of monastic lands; knighted, 1637; withdrew largely from public life during Edward VI's reign, owing to lack of sympathy with the Reformation; became privy councillor on Queen Mary's accession, 1553; retained Queen Elizabeth's favour on her accession. On 28 March 1555 he executed a deed of erection for Trinity College, Oxford, which he endowed with the site and buildings of Durham College, the Oxford house of the abbey of Durham.
Sir Thomas Pope: '''Sir Thomas Pope''' , second EARL OF DOWNK ([[1622]]1660), of Christ Church, Oxford; succeeded his grandfather as earl, 1631; raised a troop of horse for Charles I, when the civil war broke out, but compounded, 1646, and took the solemn oath and covenant; left England, c. 1662, and travelled in France and Italy.
Sir Thomas Pope: '''Sir Thomas Pope''' , third EARL OP DOWNK ([[1598]]1668), uncle of Sir Thomas Pope, second earl of Downe ; suffered severely from both sides during the civil war; imprisoned by Charles I at Oxford, and arrested in 1656 on suspicion of complicity with the cavalier plot.
Walter Pope: '''Walter Pope''' (d. [[1714]]), astronomer : of Mattf College, Cambridge, and Wadham College, Oxford; fellow of Wailham College, Oxford, 1651: M.A., 1651; became professor of astronomy in Gresham College, London, 1660; M.D. Oxford, 1661; published a Life of Seth Ward 1697, besides other works.
Pope: '''Pope''' -HENNESSY, SIR JOHN ([[1834]]-[[1891]]), colonial governor; M.P., King's County, 1869, being the first Roman catholic conservative who obtained a seat; barrister, Inner Temple, 1861: governor of Labuan, 1867-71, of the Gold Coast, 1872-3, of the Windward islands, 1875-6, of Hongkong, 1877-82, and of the Mauritius, 1883-9; espoused the cause of the French Creoles in the Mauritius and was suspended from office in 1886; returned for Kilkenny as an anti-Parnellite home rnler, 1890.
Alexander Popham: '''Alexander Popham''' ([[1729]]-[[1810]]), prison reformer; of Balliol and All Souls Colleges, Oxford; M.A., 1765; barrister, Middle Temple, 1755 (bencher, 1786); M.P., Taunton, 1768, 1774-80, and 1784-96; was the author of the bill passed in 1774 for the prevention of the gaol distemper.
Edward Popham: '''Edward Popham''' ([[1610]]7-[[1651]]), admiral and general at sea; son of Sir Francis Popham; threw In his lot with parliament in the civil war: M.P., Minehead, 1644; commanded a force in Somerset and Dorset: appointed a commissioner for the immediate ordering of the navy, 1648; commanded in the Downs and North Sea, 1649; joined Blake at Lisbon in blockading Prince Rupert, 1650.
Sir Francis Popham: '''Sir Francis Popham''' ([[1573]]-[[1644]]), soldier and politician; only son of Sir John Pophnm (1531 7-1607) ; of Balliol College, Oxford, and the Middle Temple; knighted, 1596; M.P., 1597-1644, for Somerset, Wiltshire, Marliwrougn, Great Bedwln, Ohippenham, and Mlnehead, . s an active interert in the setUementof Virginia and New England.
Popham: '''Popham''' 8m HOMB BldOfl 17-1MO), rearadmiral; lu,-utadat Westminster School and Cambridge: ,. in8;obfatMtlmtMtMife and engaged in the Bart India and China trad* 17*7, bat WM ueariy ruined by the capture of hU vend, the Btraseo, ... im, ud teontanttXii In HtMb M invention of the charter of the Bart India Company, in spite of the fact that he had obtained the ancttoioTthe gov.-rnor-general in council; served In Plandcn (1794) Duke of York, who obtained hi* promotion to the rank of pOHt-oaptaln; while in KronsUdt he received marks of favour from the Russian emperor, 179f; commanded an expedition against the Gape of Good Hope in conjunction with a land force under Sir Darid Balrd q. v.1, 1806: on the completion of this enterprise proceeded with William Carr Berwford (afterwards Viscount Berwford) to Buenos Ayrea, where Beiwford and his force were captured by the Spaniards; superseded, January 1807, and (March 1807) reprimanded by a courtmartial; took part in the expedition against Copenhagen, 1808; K.C.B., 1816: commander-ln-chlcf on the Jamaica station, with the rank of rear-admiral, 1817-20; retired in broken health, 1820.
Sir John Popham: '''Sir John Popham''' (d. [[1463]] ?), military and speaker-elect of the House of Commons; took pan la Henry V's invasion of France in 1416 and in the French wars under the Duke of Bedford: elected speaker of the House of Commons (M.P., Hampshire), 1449, but WM permitted by Henry VI to decline the office on the ground of infirmity.
Sir John Popham: '''Sir John Popham''' ([[1531]] 7-[[1607]]), chief-justice of Uiol 1572-83; privy councillor, 1571; solicitor-general, 1179; tngl eTei Middle Temple (treasurer, 1580); M.P., Bristol, 1671 and elected speaker of the House of Commons, 1580; appointed attorney-general, 1681; nominated lord chief justice, 1692; knighted, 1592.

[edit] Section 1120

William Popple: '''William Popple''' (. [[1708]]X author ; a London merchant; appointed secretary to the board of trade, 1696; publishedA Rational Catechism 1687.
William Popple: '''William Popple''' ([[1701]]-[[1764]]X dramatist; grandson of William Popple (d. 1708); entered the cofferer's office, e. 1730; promoted solicitor and clerk of the report to the commissioners of trade and plantations, 1737; governor of the Bermudas from 1746 till shortly before his* death; author of mediocre plays and pamphlets.
Porchester: '''Porchester''' third VISCOUNT ([[1800]]-[[1849]]). Bee
Hknry John Gborqk Hrrrrrt: '''Hknry John Gborqk Hrrrrrt''' , third EARL OF CAR-
Narvon: '''Narvon'''
John Pordage: '''John Pordage''' ([[1607]]-[[1681]]), astrologer and mystic ; rector of Bradfield, Berkshire; ejected as ignorant and insufficient 1665, but restored, 1660; described by Baxter as chief of the Behmeniste; published a number of works, partly astrological and partly devotional
Samuel Pordage: '''Samuel Pordage''' ([[1683]]-[[1691]] 7), poet ; eldest son of John Pordage; of Merchant Taylors* School, London, and Lincoln's Inn; published a translation of entitledTroade* Englished 1660, and quently several poems and plays, Including an answer to Dryden'sAbsalom and Acbitophel entitled Auuria and Hushai 1682.
Eleanor Anne Pordew: '''Eleanor Anne Pordew''' ([[1797]]7-[[1886]]). See
Franklin: '''Franklin'''
William Porden: '''William Porden''' ([[1755]]-[[1822]]), architect student under James Wyatt; his most important work Eaton Hall, Cheshire, 1804-12.
Robert Porrett: '''Robert Porrett''' ([[1783]]-[[1868]]), chemist; WM a clerk in the war office from 1796 until 1860, when he retired on a pension: discovered sulpho-cyanic acid between 1808 and 1814, and ferro-cyanic acid, 1814; independently discovered electric endosmosis, 1816; FJSJL, 1840; F.R.S., 1848.
Richard Porson: '''Richard Porson''' ([[1769]]-[[1808]]), Greek scholar; Mb of the pariah clerk at Bast Ruston, near North Walsham: showed an extraordinary memory when a boy, and 3Y2
Pop: '''Pop''' T 1060
Porter: '''Porter''' the attention "f T. Hewett, the cnrnte of the parish" who eduoaU-1 him with his own sons; placed at Eton bv Mr. Norris of Witton I'ark, 1771; a fund started to maintain him at Cambridge by Sir George laker on Norris's death; entered at Trinity Col*. 1778- scholar. 1780: Craven scholar, 1781: first kanccllor'i medallist and fellow, 1782; M.A., 1785: berarne widely known by hisLetters to Travissee TRAVW, GBOROK, 1788-9; lost his fellowship, which expired, 1792, owing to his refusal to take orders, and failed to obtain a lay fellowship, for which he applied; an annuity of 100. purchased for him by his admirers, on which be took rooms at Essex Court in the Temple: was elected regiu* professor of Greek at Cambridge University, November 1792, but continued to live in London, absorbed in private study: his society much sought by literary men: married (1796) Mrs. Lunan (d. 1797 ), the sister of James Perry, one of his intimate friends; edited four plays of Euripides, Hecuba(1797 and 1802),Orestes(1798), PhceniswE (1799), and Medea(1801), his finest single piece of criticism being the Supplement to the preface in the second edition of the Hecuba in which he states and illustrates certain rules of iambic and trochaic verse; died in London, and was buried in the chapel of Trinity College, Cambridge, His memory was remarkable, not only for its tenacity, but also for its readiness. In later life he gave way to intemperance. His transcripts of Photius from the Gale MS. and of theMedeaand Plxrniasre are marvels of calligraphy. His literary remains were published after his death, between 1812 and 1834. HisCorrespondenceappeared in 1867. He definitely advanced Greek scholarship in three principal respect;: (1) by remarks upon countless points of Greek idiom and usage: (2) by adding to the knowledge of metre, and especially of the iambic trimeter; (3) by emendation of texts.
Port: '''Port''' or FORZ, ADAM DK (d. [[1213]] ?), baron : accused (1172) of treason and plotting Henry IPs death; fled from England on being summoned to appear before Henry I I's court and was outlawed; joined William of Scotland during the baronsrebellion of 1174, but in 1180 made his peace with Henry II and received back his paternal lands; ward.MI of Southampton Castle, 1213.
Port: '''Port''' Sm JOHN ([[1480]] ?-[[1541]]), judge : studied law in the Middle Temple (governor, 1520): attorney to the earldom of Chester before 1512: serjeant-at-law, 1622; knighted, 1625; a judge of the king's bench, 1525. He was a benefactor to Braseuose College, Oxford, at the time of its foundation.
Port: '''Port''' Sm JOHN (d. [[1557]]), founder of Repton School; son of Sir John Port (1480 ?-1641); first scholar on his father's foundation at Brasenose College, Oxford; knighted at the coronation of Edward VI: knight of the shire for Derbyshire, 1553; sheriff of Derbyshire, 1654. By his will he left a bequest for the foundation of Repton school.
Abraham Portal: '''Abraham Portal''' (. [[1768]]-[[1796]]), dramatist; wrote a number of plays between 1768 and 1796; published Poems 1781.
Portal: '''Portal''' Sm GERALD HERBERT ([[1858]]-[[1894]]), diplomatist; entered the diplomatic service, 1879; stationed in Egypt between 1882 and 1887; went on a mission to Abyssinia, 1887; K.O.M.G., 1892; visited Uganda, 1892. Accounts of his missions to Abyssinia and Uganda were written by him and published in 1888 and 1894 respectively.
Porten: '''Porten''' Sm STANIER (d. [[1789]]), government official; entered the diplomatic service, and was undersecretary to Lord Rochford, 1768-82; knighted, 1T72; appointed keeper of the state papers at Whitehall, 1774; uncle of Ed ward Gibbon, the historian,
Porteous: '''Porteous'''
John Porteous: '''John Porteous''' (d. [[1736]]), captain of the Edinburgh city guard: enlisted in the army, and, after serving wime time in Holland, was employed in 1716 to train the Edinburgh city guard; promoted to be captain; fired on th- crowd and killed or wounded nearly thirty persons inM) to a slight tumult at the execution of Andrew Wilson, an Edinburgh merchant, who had excited the admiration of the Edinburgh mob by contriving the e*-ape of his accomplice in robbing the custom house was brought to trial, found guilty, and sentenced to death, but reprieved: taken out of prison and Innged by a number of persons (7 Sept. 1736), none of whom were captured, in spite of the most rigorous investigation. The plot of Sir Walter Scott% Heart of Midlothian turns upon the incidents of the Porteous riot.
William Porteous: '''William Porteous''' ([[1735]]-[[1812]]), Scottish divine: minister of Whitburn, 1759-70, and of the Wynd Church, Glasgow, and the new St. George's Church, Glasgow, 17701812; strongly orthodox, writing against all innovations.
Anna Maria Porter: '''Anna Maria Porter''' ([[1780]]-[[1832]]), novelist: sister of Sir Robert Ker Porter; devoted herself to literature, and at thirteen began a series of Artless Tales published in 1795; published (1807) The Hungarian Brothers a tale of the French revolutionary wur, besides other novels.
Porter: '''Porter''' Sm CHARLES (d. [[1696]]), Irish lord chancellor; was concerned as a London apprentice in the riots of 1648: escaped to Holland, served as a common soldier, and kept an eating-house: received among the chancery clerks on returning to London, and (1660) called to the bar at the Middle Temple; taken into custody (June 1675) in the middle of an argument, by order of the House of Commons, for breach of privilege, in common with all parties engaged in the Dalmahoy case; knighted, 1675: made Irish lord chancellor in 1686 by James II, who hoped he would prove a useful tool: recalled at Tyrconnel's instance, January 1687: an active partisan of William III, returning to Ireland as lord chancellor in 1690. He was frequently assailed by the extreme protestants, but retained office till his death.

[edit] Section 1121

Classon Emmett Porter: '''Classon Emmett Porter''' ([[1814]]-[[1885]]), ecclesiastical historian: brother of John Scott Porter; minister of the first presbyterian church at Larne, co. Antrim, 1834-85. His contributions to Irish presbyterian church history were numerous and important.
Endymion Porter: '''Endymion Porter''' ([[1587]]-[[1649]]), royalist ; brought up in Spain, and some time page in the household of Olivares; after his return obtained a place in Buckingham's service, and became groom of the bedchamber to Prince Charles; made use of by Buckingham to conduct his Spanish correspondence; sent to Spain (October 1622) to prepare the way for Prince Charles's visit; accompanied Prince Charles and Buckingham to Spain, 1623, and was again in that country in 1628 with proposals for peace; rewarded with numerous promotions and grants; wrote verses and was the friend and patron of poets, including D'Avenant, Dekker, Gervase Warmestry, and Edmund Bolton; one of the agents employed by Charles I in forming his great collection of pictures: sat in the Long parliament as M.P., Droitwich, and voted against Strafford's attainder; attended Charles I from London; expelled from parliament and exempted from pardon, on account of the unfounded belief that he was a chief instrument in a popish plot against English liberties, 1643; left England, 1645, and after enduring great poverty compounded in 1649.
Francis Porter: '''Francis Porter''' (rf. [[1702]]), Irish Franciscan; passed most of his life at Rome, where he became president of the Irish college; author of five rare Latin works.
George Porter: '''George Porter''' ([[1622]]?-! [[683]]), royalist; eldest son of Endymion Porter; major-general of Newcastle's foot at Marston Moor, where he was taken prisoner, 1644; was exchanged and subsequently became lieutenant-general and commander of the horse under his brother-in-law, Goring; deserted Charles I's service and went to London, November 1645: engaged in plots for Charles I I's restoration, 1659, and after Charles I I's return became gentleman of the privy chamber to the queenconsort,
George Porter: '''George Porter''' (Jl. [[1684]]-[[1697]]), conspirator; captain in Slingsby's horse, 1688; was proclaimed a dangerous Jacobite, 1692; engaged in the plot to assassinate William III, 1696; was captured, turned king's evidence, and was largely instrumental in the conviction of the other prisoners.
Sir George Hornidge Porter: '''Sir George Hornidge Porter''' , first baronet (1822-1896), surgeon; only son of William Henry Porter : M.D. Trinity College, Dublin: elected surgeon to
Porter: '''Porter''' 1061
Portlester: '''Portlester''' the Mcath Hospital, Dublin, 1849: president of the College Of Surgeon? of Ireland, 18C8-U: KTven a baronet. -y. regius professor of surgery at Dublin UniverMty, l8'Jl.
George Richardson Porter: '''George Richardson Porter''' ([[1792]]-[[1852]]), statistician; failed in business as a sugar-broker, and devoted himself to economics and statistics; the rtat. department of the board of trade established mainly under his supervision, 1834: became joint-secretary to the board, 1841; published The Progress of the Nation from the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century 1886-48, and other work*.
Henry Porter: '''Henry Porter''' (. [[1696]]-[[1699]]), dramatist : author of five plays mentioned In Hcnslowe'sDiary of which the only one extant is The Pleasant Historic of the two Angrie Women of Abington ( 15'J9), which has been frequently edited, and was praised by Charles Lamb.
Sir James Porter: '''Sir James Porter''' ([[1710]]-[[1786]]), diplomatist; employed at Vienna, 1741 and 1743; ambassador at Constantinople, 1746-62; minister plenipotentiary at Brussels, 1768-6: knighted, 1763; published Observations on the Religion, Law, Government and Manners of the Turks 1768.
Jambs Porter: '''Jambs Porter''' ([[1753]]-[[1798]]), author of 'Billy Bluff presbyteriau minister at Oreyabbey, oo. Down, 1787-98: joined the volunteer movement, 1778, and after its suppression (1793) became a prominent opponent of government; contributed (1796) to the Northern Star a aeries of letters, forming an admirable satire on local tyranny in Ireland, which were at once reprinted with the title Billy Bluff and Squire Firebrand and made his name a household word in Ulster: apprehended on the outbreak of the rebellion of 1798, convicted before a courtmartial on the testimony of an informer, whom he was not even suffered to cross-examine, and hanged at Greyabbey. He was a well-known collector of books, and his scientific apparatus was unrivalled in the north of Ireland in his day.
Jane Porter: '''Jane Porter''' ([[1776]]-[[1860]]), novelist: sister of Sir Robert Ker Porter; published (1803) her first romance,Thaddeus of Warsaw which had a rapid success, and reached a ninth edition by 1 810: published (1810) her most notable novelThe Scottish Chiefs which had an immense success in Scotland and, being translated into German and Russian, won European fame; attempted plays with less success, her tragedies of Switzerland 1819, andOwen, Prince of Powys 182J, being entire failures: settled in London with her sister, Anna Maria Porter, 1832; suffered from pecuniary difficulties In later life.
Porter: '''Porter''' or NELSON, JEROME (d. [[1632]]), Benedictine monk; an inmate of St. George's, Douay; wrote biographies of English, Scottish, and Irish saints; died at Douay.
John Scott Porter: '''John Scott Porter''' ([[1801]]-[[1880]]), Irish biblical scholar and Unitarian divine; minister of the presbyterian congregation in Carter Lane, London, 1826-31, and of the first presbyterian church at Belfast, 1831-8: was appointed (1838) joint-professor of theology to theAssociation of Irish non-subscribing presbyterians and (1851) became in addition professor of Hebrew; published theological works.
Josias Leslie Porter: '''Josias Leslie Porter''' ([[1823]]-[[1889]]), traveller and promoter of Irish education; M.A. Glasgow, 1842: studied theology at Edinburgh, 1842; presbyterian minister at Newcastle-on-Tyne, 1846-9; became missionary to the Jews at Damascus, 1 849, and during the next ten years acquired an intimate knowledge of Syria and Palestine; professor of biblical criticism in the presbyterian college, Ik-Hast, 1860-78; nominated by government (1878) one of the two assistant-commissioners of the newly established board of intermediate education for Ireland; president of Queen's College, Belfast, 1879-89. Among his works may be mentioned Five Years in Damascus 1856, and The Giant Cities of Bashan 1865.
Mary Porter: '''Mary Porter''' (d. [[1765]]), actress; at Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, 16'JO: acted at the new theatre (Opera House) in the Haymarket, London, 1705; migrated to Drury Lane, London, 1708, returning to the Haymarket, London, 1709; reappeared at Drury Lane, London, 1710; l.-ft without a rival on the retirement of Mrs. oMticl.L 1730; retirul, 1743. xlTi
Porter: '''Porter''' KniuiHT (A [[1690]]X ejected dirlne; educated at Cambridge; became vicar of Pentrich, Derbyshire, 1660, but was ejected, IMS; on the passing of the Five hews* unmolested. Mile Act retired to ies painting easel-pictures, the historical pieces or landscapes; iter to the czar of Russia, 1804; A valuable collection of Derbyshire nonconformist biographies by him was posthumously published.
Sir Robert Ker Porter: '''Sir Robert Ker Porter''' ([[1777]]-[[1842]]), painter and traveller; was admitted an academy student at Somerset House, London, 1790: scene-painter at the Lyceum Theatre, London, 1800; executed (1800) the Storming of SeringapatenV a sensational panorama 190 feet in length, "wequently producing a number of other battle scenes of the same kind, besides majority of which were appointed historical painter to the czar of Russia, 1804; left Russia, 1806, and travelled in Finland, Sweden, and Germany; accompanied Sir John Moore throughout the Ooruiia campaign, and published accounts of bis journeys in 1809; married a Russian princess, 1812, and (1813), returning to England, published a graphic Narrative of the Campaign in Russia during 1812;; knighted, 1813; visited (1817-20) Georgia, Persia, Armenia, and ancient Babylonia, publishing un account of his Travels in thoseeoontrlH, 1S21: British consul in Venezuela, 18)6-41; died at St. Petersburg.
Sarah Porter: '''Sarah Porter''' ([[1791]]-[[1862]]), writer on education; sister of David Ricardo; married George Richardson Porter; published On Infant Schools for the Upper and Middle Classes 1838, and similar works.
Thomas Porter: '''Thomas Porter''' ([[1636]]-[[1680]]), dramatist; son of Endymion Porter: imprisoned (1665) for abducting Anne, daughter of Mountjoy Blouut, earl of Newport ; his tragedy, Tlie Villain (acted 1668, published IVps. 1663), thought deficient in fancy by the diarist Pepj
Walter Porter: '''Walter Porter''' ([[1595]] ?- [[1669]]), composer; appointed master of the choristers of Westminster Abbey, 1639; composed chiefly madrigals and hymn-tunes.
Whitworth Porter: '''Whitworth Porter''' ([[1827]]-[[1892]]), major-general, royal engineers; entered the royal engineers, 1846; served before Sebastopol, 1865; commanding royal engineer in the western district, 1877-81; retired, 1881; works im-hiie an elaborateHistory of the Corps of Royal Engineers 1889.
William Porter: '''William Porter''' ([[1805]]-[[1880]]), attorney-general at the Cape of Good Hope; brother of John Scott Porter ; called to the Irish bar, 1831; attorney-general at the Cape of Good Hope, 1839-65.
William Henry Porter: '''William Henry Porter''' ([[1790]]-[[1861]]X surgeon ; president of the Irish College of Surgeon., 1838; professor of surgery in College of Surgeons school of medicine at Dublin.

[edit] Section 1122

Beilby Portetjs: '''Beilby Portetjs''' ([[1731]]-[[1808]]), successively bishop of Chester and London; B.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1752; fellow, 1752; appointed (1762) domestic chaplain to Thomas Seeker, archbishop of Canterbury; chaplain to George III, 1769; bishop of Chester, 1776-87, of London, 1787-1808; supported the rising evangelical party hi both sees, although not Identifying himself with their more decidedly Culvinistic doctrines: was an early patron of the Church Missionary Society, and joined th British and Foreign Bible Society; published several doctrinal treatises, besides collected sermons, charges, and hortatory letters.
Dukks of Portland: '''Dukks of Portland''' . See BKXTISCK, WILLIAM
Cavendish Hknhy: '''Cavendish Hknhy''' , third DUKK, [[1738]]-[[1809]] ; I?i
William John Cavendish Scott: '''William John Cavendish Scott''' , fifth DCKK, [[1800]]1879.
Earls of Portland: '''Earls of Portland''' . See WESTOX, SIR RICHARD, first EARL, 1677-1635; WKSTOX, JKKOMK, second EARL, 1605-1663; BKXTINI-K, WILLIAM, first EARL of the second creation, 1649-1709.
Portland: '''Portland''' titular EARL or. See HERBERT, SIR
Edward: '''Edward''' [[1648]]7-[[1698]].
Baron Portlester: '''Baron Portlester''' . See EUSTACE, ROLAND
Fitz: '''Fitz''' d. [[1496]].
Poktlock: '''Poktlock''' 1062
Potter: '''Potter'''
Joseph Ellison Portlock: '''Joseph Ellison Portlock''' ([[170]] 1-[[1861]] X mnjorgeneral, royal engineers: only son of Nathaniel Portlock ; entered the royal engineers, 1813; took part in the Canadian campaign, 1814; engaged (1824-43) in the Irtoh surrey, particularly on the geological and productive economical sections; retired from active service, 1867.
Nathaniel Portlock: '''Nathaniel Portlock''' ([[1748]]?-[[1817]]), captain in the nary; entered the navy (1772) as an able seaman bat was placed on the quarterdeck by (Sir) Charles Douglas; sailed round the world (1786-8) in command of the King George, and published A Voyage round the World 1789; attained post rank, 1799.
Edward Berkeley Portman: '''Edward Berkeley Portman''' , first VISCOUNT
Portman: '''Portman''' ([[1799]]-[[1888]]), of Eton and Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1826; liberal M.P. for Dorset, 182S-:J2, MaryIcbooe, 1832-3; created Baron Portman of Orchard Portman, 1837, and Viscount Portman, 1873. , SIR WILLIAM (d. 1557), judge; made 1647; knighted by Edward VI; made chief
Portman: '''Portman''' Sin WILLIAM, sixth baronet ([[1641]] ?1690), captor of the Duke of Monmouth: of All Souls College, Oxford: K.B. at the Restoration; M.P., Taunton, 1641-79 and 1686-90; was considered the most influential tory in the west of England, after Sir Edward Seymour (1633-1708): F.R.S., 1664: with Lord Lumley captured Monmouth in the New Forest, 8 July 1685; joined the Prince of Orange at Exeter, 1688.
Portmore: '''Portmore''' first EARL OF (d. [[1730]]). See COLYKAR,
David Sir: '''David Sir''' .
Duchess of Portsmouth: '''Duchess of Portsmouth''' ([[1649]]-[[1734]]). See
Louise Hkxkk Dk Kekouallk: '''Louise Hkxkk Dk Kekouallk''' .
Portsmouth: '''Portsmouth''' first EARL OF ([[1690]]-[[1762]]). See
John Wallop: '''John Wallop''' .
Mauritius Dk Portu: '''Mauritius Dk Portu''' (d. [[1613]]). See O'FlHELY,
Madricb: '''Madricb'''
John Port: '''John Port''' (rf. [[1673]] ?), master of Corpus Christ! College, Cambridge: M.A. Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, 1617; D.D., 1557; elected fellow of his college, c. 1634, and master, 1657; resigned mastership under pressure (1570) on account of infirmity; friend of Matthew Parker

[edit] Section 1123

John Pory: '''John Pory''' ([[1570]] P-[[1635]]), traveller and geographer : M.A. Caius College, Cambridge, 1595 (incorporated at Oxford, 1610); MJ., Bridgwater, 1605; travelled in France and the Low Countries, 1607, in Turkey, 1613-16; went to America as secretary to Sir George Yeardley, 1619; settled in London, 1624.
Pory: '''Pory''' or POREY, ROBERT ([[1608]]9-[[1669]]), archdeacon of Middlesex; educated at St. Paul's School. London, and Christ's College, Cambridge; M.A., 1632; D.D. per tittreu rrgieu, 1660 (incorporated at Oxford, 1663); collated to the rectory of St. Margaret's, Fish Street, Ixmdon, 1640; plundered and sequestered on the outbreak of the civil war; rector of St. Botolph, Bishopsgate Street, London, 1660-3; appointed archdeacon of Middlesex, 1660.
Jacob Post: '''Jacob Post''' ([[1774]]-[[1856]]), quaker; publishedJular expositions of the history and belief of the Society of -.
Beale Poste: '''Beale Poste''' ([[1793]]-[[1871]]), divine and antiquary: educated at Trinity College, Cambridge; LL.B.,1819; curate successively of High Haitian and Milstead in Kent; bis works mainly concerned with early British history. P08TOATE, JO UN (1820-1881), initiator oAhflaws affaint adulteration; started life as a grocer's boy at Scarborough; began practice in Birmingham as a surgeon, 1861; F.R.C.Sn 1864: he began (1864) his lifelong crusade test the adulteration of food substances, the result of wnfch was that the Birmingliam member, William Schole a, obtained a parliamentary committee of inquiry in 1866, and a restraining bill was passed in 1860; the Amendment Act Introduced at his instance, and passed to render the check more effective, 1872.
Thomas Postlethwaite: '''Thomas Postlethwaite''' ([[1731]]-[[1798]]), master of Trinity College, Cambridge; M.A. Trinity College, Cum bridge, 1756; D.D. (by royal mandate), 1789: elected fellow of his college, 1755; master of his college, 1789-98; when master passed over Richard Porson, who was in 1792 a candidate for the lay fellowship.
James Postlethwayt: '''James Postlethwayt''' (rf. [[1761]]), writer on revenue; prpbaoly a brother of Malachy Postlethwuyt ; publishedThe History of the Public Revenue from 1688 to 1758 1769.
John Postlethwayt: '''John Postlethwayt''' ([[1660]]-[[1713]]), chief master of St. Paul's School, London; M.A. Merton College, Oxford, 1678; high master of St. Paul's School, 1697-1713: proved an eminent schoolmaster.
Malachy Postlethwayt: '''Malachy Postlethwayt''' ([[1707]] ?-[[1767]]), economic writer; devoted twenty years to the preparation of 'The Universal Dictionary of Trade and Commerce 1761 (4th ed. 1774), a translation, with large additions, from the French of J. Savary des Brulons; wrote, among other topics, on the African trade.
Matthew Postlethwayt: '''Matthew Postlethwayt''' ([[1679]]-[[1745]]), archdeacon of Norwich; nephew of John Postlethwayt: M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1706; archdeacon of Norwich and rector of Redenhall, 1742.
Joseph Pote: '''Joseph Pote''' ([[1703]] ?-[[1787]]), bookseller; kept a boarding-house for Eton boys, and was well known as an editor and publisher in Eton.
Potenger: '''Potenger''' or POTTINGER, JOHN ([[1647]]-[[1733]]), master in chancery and author; of Winchester College and Corpus Ohristi College, Oxford; B.A., 1668; admitted to the Inner Temple, 1675: obtained the post of master in chancery after 1678, subsequently selling it; refused to support James IPs religious policy; author of A Pastoral Reflection on Death 1691, and many unpublished poems.
Joseph Holden Pott: '''Joseph Holden Pott''' ([[1759]]-[[1847]]), archdeacon of London; son of Percivall Pott; of Eton and St. John's College, Cambridge; M.A., 1783; was archdeacon of St. Albans, 1789-1813, of London, 1813-42; chancellor of Exeter, 1826; wrote works in prose and verse.
Percivall Pott: '''Percivall Pott''' ([[1714]]-[[1788]]), surgeon: was bound an apprentice to Edward Nourse, 1729; became master of anatomy to the newly formed Corporation of Surgeons, 1753, and master of the corporation, 1765; became surgeon to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, 1749; introduced many improvements into the art of surgery during his long tenure of office, rendering its practice more humane; suffered a compound fracture of I the leg (still known as Pott's fracture), 1756, which, in i spite of the opinion of the surgeons in favour of amputation, he and his friend and colleague Nourse succeeded in curing without it; resigned his office of surgeon, 1787. He was the teacher of John Hunter (1728-1793), whom he excelled in practical, but to whom he was much inferior in scientific, surgery. The spinal disease known as Pott's disease obtained its name from his discussion of it in a medical work published in 1779. His works, which are numerous and important, were collected, 1775.
Barnaby Potter: '''Barnaby Potter''' ([[1577]]-[[1642]]), provost of Queen's College, Oxford, and bishop of Carlisle; M.A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1602; D.D., 1615; fellow of his college, 1604: provost, 1616-26; liked by Charles I, in spite of his puritan leanings; chief almoner to Charles I. 1628; bishop of Carlisle, 1629-42.
Charles Pottek: '''Charles Pottek''' ([[1634]]-[[1663]]), courtier ; son of Christopher Potter (1591-1646); educated at l Queen's College, Oxford; student of Christ Church, Oxford, 1647; M.A., 1651; joined the exiled court of Charles II, and became a Roman catholic; made usher to Queen ! Henrietta Maria at the Restoration.
Christopher Potter: '''Christopher Potter''' ([[1591]]-[[1646]]), provost of Queen's College, Oxford; nephew of Barnaby Potter; , M.A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1613; D.D., 1627; fellow of Queen's College, Oxford, 1615; provost, 1626-46. He j attached himself to Laud, and was made chaplain in I ordinary to Charles I; dean of Worcester, 1636; vice j chancellor of Oxford University, 1640; suffered much in Charles I's cause during the civil war: was nominated dean of Durham, 1646, but died before his installation.
Christopher Potter: '''Christopher Potter''' (d. [[1817]]), introducer into France of printing on porcelain; settled in Paris in 1789,
Potter: '''Potter''' 10T.3
Potts: '''Potts''' and received credit for the invention of nrintinir on i*rcelainand glass, though it had been practised at Liverpool aii'i Worcester from 1756-7. He reopened the Ch.mtilly potteries.
Francis Potter: '''Francis Potter''' ([[1594]]-[[1878]]), divine au.l mechanician; brother of Hannibal Totter; M.A. Trinity College, Oxford, 1616; BJX, 1616; rector of KUmlngtou, 1628-78; made quadrants with a graduated compass of his own invention, which he gave to John Aubrey; P.R.S., 1663.
George Potter: '''George Potter''' ([[1832]]-[[1893]]), trade-unionist; a carpenter by trade; first became prominent in the lockout in the building trades in 1869: headed the deputation of London workmen who welcomed Garibaldi, 1864; member of the London school board, 1873-83; contributed to The Times and the Contemporary Review.*
Hannibal Pottee: '''Hannibal Pottee''' ([[1592]]-[[1664]]), president of Trinity College, Oxford; M.A. Trinity College, Oxford, 1614; D.D., 1630; fellow of bis college, 1613: president in 1643; deprived of the presidentship by the parliamentary visitors, 1647, but restored, 1660.
John Potter: '''John Potter''' ([[1674]] 7-[[1747]]), archbishop of Canterbury; matriculated at University College, Oxford, 1688; M.A., 1694; D.D., 1706; fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford, 1694; became domestic chaplain to Archbishop Teulson, 1704; regius professor of divinity at Oxford, 1707-16; bishop of Oxford, 1715-37; archbishop of Canterbury, 1737-47; edited Lyoophron, 1697, and Clement of Alexandria, 1716, and published Archalogia Onecn vol. L 1697, voL ii. 1698.
John Potter: '''John Potter''' (. [[1754]]-[[1804]]), dramatic and miscellaneous author; resided chiefly in Loudou,wrote plays and contributed theatrical criticism to thePublic Ledger: M.D. Edinburgh, 1784; L.R.C.P., 1785; practised medicine at Enniscorthy after 1785, but in 1798 returned to London and supported himself by literature.
John Phillips Potter: '''John Phillips Potter''' ([[1818]]-[[1847]]X anatomist ; studied at University College, London; became bouse surgeon to Robert Listen in University College, Hospital, London, e. 1840; assistant-surgeon to University College Hospital, 1847; died of a poisoned wound received while dissecting.

[edit] Section 1124

Philip Cipriani Hambly Potter: '''Philip Cipriani Hambly Potter''' ([[1792]]1871X musician; ranked high among contemporary pianists and (1823) was appointed principal professor ol the pianoforte at the Royal Academy of Music; priucipa of the academy, 1832-69. His published works extend to Opus 39, but are now rarely beard.
Richard Potter: '''Richard Potter''' ([[1778]]-[[1842]]), politician ; knowi as Radical Dick; brother of Sir Thomas Potter (17731845), with whom he was associated in business and politics at Manchester; M.P., Wigan, 1832, 1835, 1837
Richard Potter: '''Richard Potter''' ([[1799]]-[[1886]]), scientific writer after engaging in mercantile life without success wa elected a fellow of QueensCollege, Cambridge, in 1839 M.A., 1841; professor of natural philosophy and astro norny, University College, London, 1841-3 and 1844-66.
Robert Potter: '''Robert Potter''' ([[1721]]-[[1804]]), poet and politician M.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1788; master Seaming school, 1761-89; occupied his spare time translating the Greek tragedians; canon of Norwicl 1788; best known by his translation of echylus (1777 and in a less degree by his translation of Sophocles an Euripides; attacked the administration of the poor 1785. *!*
Thomas Potter: '''Thomas Potter''' ([[1718]]-[[1759]]), wit and politician son of John Potter (1674 ?-1747); M.A. Chn Church, Oxford, 1738; barrister, Middle Temple, 1740 secretary to Frederick, prince of Wales, 174H-51; M.I 1. St. Germans, 1747-64, Aylesbury, 1764-7, Okehainptou, 1757-9; attacked the Duke of Newcastle in his first session in a speech, which was rebuked by Henry Pdham aud published in the magazines, and (1756) allied himself with Pitt; appointed paymaster-general of the laud forces, December 1756, and (July 1757) joint vicetreasurer of Ireland; was notorious at Medmeuham and ail asboclate of Wilkes, whom he Introduced to Jewish lore. To him DM bom attributed the infamous tang "ii ffioon
Kik Thomas Potter: '''Kik Thomas Potter''' ([[1771]]-[[184]]*), politician: nnl..i. with his brother, Richard Potter (1778-1843) asPotterV which _ Suppl. UL J811
Thomas Baylby Potter: '''Thomas Baylby Potter''' ([[1817]]-[[1898]]), poUtin; son of Sir Thomas Potter fa. r.; educated at Rugby; entered his father's business bom* at and became hool of liberals; snooted cause of North in civil war, 1861; foun.tal Union and Mines (Manchester), later ter called 'Examiner and -..: "..-.::--..:.. -.-: Society, 1861; succeeded hU friend, Richard Oobden f q. v., M M.P. for Rochdale, 18*1, aud held seat till 18M; consistently supported free trade; established Oobden lub, 1866, and acted as secretary. (SappL ill. Ml
Thomas Joseph Potter: '''Thomas Joseph Potter''' ([[183]]S-[[1873]]X Roman atholic story-writer and professor; director of All HallowsCollege, Dublin, and professor of sacred douenoe: his works chiefly passable religious poems or nances. xlvi. ttt}
Thomas Ro Potter: '''Thomas Ro Potter''' 8SELL ([[1799]]-[[1873]]), antinary; kept a school at Wymeswold In Leicestershire; nblishedThe History and Antiquities of Charnwood orest and other works.
William Potter: '''William Potter''' (. [[1660]]-[[1656]]), writer on milks; one of the earliest writers on paper currency; ecommeuded the issue, by means of a laud-bank, of bills payable at sight, under a guarantee of land mortgages.
Eld Red Pottinoer: '''Eld Red Pottinoer''' ([[1811]]-[[1843]]), soldier and iplomatlst; nephew of Sir Henry Pottlnger: utered the Bombay artillery, 1827; subsequently entered the political department and became assistant to his uncle; travelled In Afghanistan disguised as a horsedealer, 1837, and, on the siege of Herat by the Russian* made himself known and conducted a successful defence; B.; made political officer In Kohlstan, 1841, and on the revolt against Shah Shnja succeeded in escaping to Kabul, wlre he succeeded Sir William Hay Macnaghten q. v. as resident; detained as a hostage when the British troops agreed to evacnate the town, January 1842; returned to India, September 1843; died on a visit to Hongkong. C xlvl - ***
Pottikger: '''Pottikger''' Sm HENRY, first baronet ([[1789]]1856), soldier and diplomatist; obtained a cadetahip m the Indian army, 18O4; with a friend explored the country between Persia and India disguised as a nattje, 1809-11 served during the Mahratto war, and (18J was political agent in Siudh; create! baronet in recognition of his services, 1840; appointed envoy in China, 1840: distinguished himself during the opium war, G.C.B., 1842; made first British governor of Hongkong, 1843; returned to **"* ME* councillor: governor of the Cape of Good Hope, 1ft returned to India as governor of Madras, 1847; was an unsuccessful governor, and retired, 1864. POTTINOER, ISRAEL (Jl. 1 769-1761 X dramatist: up a* a bookseller in Paternoster Row, London, and SSA a variety of periodicals: HiitequenUy suffered I com a mental disorder, but supported himself in L hislnd intervals by his pen, writing several plays farcical POTTINGEB, JOHN (1647-1733). sinking foundations by means ol
Potts: '''Potts''' 1064
Powell: '''Powell'''
Robert Potts: '''Robert Potts''' ([[1805]]-[[1886]]), mathematician : M.A. nity Oolleir*, Cambridge, 18:5: n successful Iprivatc ; acquired a wide reputation as editor of Ku.-li-1's IMS.
Thomas Potts: '''Thomas Potts''' (Jl. [[1612]]X author of the 'Disroverte of Witches; clerk of the circuit at the trial of th Lancashire witches, 1612, compiling an account of the pnentti
Thomas Potts: '''Thomas Potts''' ([[1778]]-[[1842]]), compiler; a solicitor, at one timeconnected with SkinnersHall; published compilations on law, 1803, agriculture, 1806, and topography, 1810.
Pottlett: '''Pottlett'''
Sir John Pottlett: '''Sir John Pottlett''' , first BARON POULKTT ([[1586]]1649), cavalier: grandson of Sir Amias Paulet (1536?1188); of University College, Oxford; student of the Middle Temple, 1610; M.P., Somerset, 1610 and 1614, Lyme Regis, 1621-2; raised to the peerage, 1627; knighted, 1636; regarded as a popularman until the passing of the militia ordinance in 1642, when he withdrew from parliament and assisted to put the commission of array into execution: was taken prisoner near Bridgnorth, October 1642, but regained his liberty and served under Hopton; again taken prisoner at Exeter, 1646, and was afterwards set free on payment of a fine.
Sir John Pottlett: '''Sir John Pottlett''' , second BARON POULKTT (1615-1666), eldest son of Sir John Poulett, first baron Ponlett: knighted, 1635; M.P., Somerset, 164U-2; M.D. Exeter College, Oxford, 1643; fought on the royalist ide; compounded at the surrender of Exeter; went abroad, 1658, but returned, 1660.
Sir John Pottlett: '''Sir John Pottlett''' , fourth BARON and first EARL
Poulktt: '''Poulktt''' ([[1663]]-[[1743]]), grandson of Sir John Poulett, second baron Poulett; threw in his lot with the tones, but was always a lukewarm politician; privy councillor, 1702: created Earl Poulett 1706; F.R.S., 1706; nominally first lord of the treasury, Harley in reality directing affairs, 1710-11: E.G., 1713; lost his places on the accession of George I.
George Potjlson: '''George Potjlson''' ([[1783]]-[[1858]]), topographer : published the History and Antiquities of Holderness 1840-1, and other works.
Benjamin Thomas Poukcy: '''Benjamin Thomas Poukcy''' (rf. [[1799]]), draughtsman and engraver: daring the latter part of bis life executed plates of landscape and marine subjects after popular artists.
James Potthd: '''James Potthd''' ([[1669]]-[[1724]]), astronomer ; B.A. Hart Hall, Oxford, 1694; M.A. Gloucester Hall, Oxford, 1694; M.B., 1697; went to Madras (1699) as chaplain to the merchant* at Fort St. George, and thence proceeded to the settlement on the Cambodia, where he lost everything in an insurrection in 1705; afterwards held ecclesiastical preferments in England; admitted F.H.S., 1713: distinguished himself by his observations of the satellites of Jupiter and Saturn.

[edit] Section 1125

Pou: '''Pou''' 1CD8, JOHN ([[1766]]-[[1839]]), gratuitous teacher of poor children; crippled for life by an accident, 1781; started as n shoemaker at Portsmouth, 1803; from 1818 ) became famous an teacher and friend of children, and was proclaimed by Dr. Guthric to be the originator of the idea of ragged schools.
Charles Povey: '''Charles Povey''' ([[1652]]7-[[1743]]), miscellaneous writer and projector: wrote in favour of the revolution, and from 1?05 floated life and fire insurance scheme?.
Thomas Povey: '''Thomas Povey''' (fl. [[1633]]-[[1686]]), civil servant; sat in the Long parliament as M.P., Liskeard, 1647; M.I, Bossiney, 1659; after the Restoration was much favoured at court: held many offices and wan a master of requests from 1662 till the accession of James II; friend of Evelyn nd Pepyi.
Powel: '''Powel'''
Mrs Powell: '''Mrs Powell''' . (rf. [[1831]]), actress ; previously known M MRH. FAUMKK and subsequently iix Mas. linx n flnt appeared at the Haymarket as Mrs. Farmer, e. 1787: married H789) a Liverpool prompter named Powell, and (1814) another husband named Renaud; was generally cmrt for heavy * parts; retired, 1 829.
Baden Powell: '''Baden Powell''' ([[1796]]-[[1860]]), Savilian professor of peornetry; M.A. Oriel College, Oxford, 1820; F.R.S., IH-J-I: Savilian professor at Oxford, 1H27-60; well kuowu for his researches on optics and radiation, and was active in university reform; engaged in theological controversy from a latitudinarian standpoint.
Powell: '''Powell''' or POWEL, DAVID ([[1552]]7-[[1598]]), Welsh historian: B.A. Jesus College, Oxford, 1573; fellow of All ; Souls College, Oxford, 1573; M.A., 1576; held several I Welsh benefices; published (1584)The Historic of CamI bria practically: new work, though founded on a manuscript translation by Humphrey Llwyd q. v.l of the !Chronicle of the Princes
Edward Powell: '''Edward Powell''' ([[1478]] 7-[[1540]]), Roman catholic divine: M.A. Oxford; fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, I 1496; D.D., 1506; opposed the spread of Luther's doctrines in England and pronounced against the royal divorce; condemned for treason in refusing the oath of succession, 1534, and (1540) was executed at Smithfield, being drawn on the same hurdle as the protestant Robert Barnes
Foster Powell: '''Foster Powell''' ([[1734]]-[[1793]]), pedestrian; clerk to an attorney in the Temple; performed extraordinary pedestrian feats for small wagers; walked (1792) from London to York and back, four hundred miles, in 5 days 15 J hours. Most of his feats were afterwards eclipsed by Robert Barclay Allardice
Powell: '''Powell''' or POWEL, GABRIEL ([[1576]]-[[1611]]), polemical divine; son of David Powell; B.A. Jesus College, Oxford, 1596; became domestic chaplain to I Richard Vaughan (1550 7-1607), bishop of London; j wrote vigorously in support of Anglicanism,
George Powell: '''George Powell''' ([[1658]] 7-[[1714]]), actor and drarnaj tist; is first heard of at the Theatre Royal, London, 1687; ! retired, c. 1713; praised by Addison as a tragedian; lived a 1 profligate life, and was in such constant dread of arrest as to menace with his sword sheriffsofficers when he saw them in the street.
Sir George Smyth Baden Powell: '''Sir George Smyth Baden Powell''' - ([[1847]]1 1898), author and politician; son of Baden Powell; educated at St. Paul's School, London, and Marlborough College; M.A. Balliol College, Oxford, 1878; entered Inner Temple, 1876: private secretary to Sir George Ferguson Boweii, governor of Victoria; joint-commissioner to inquire into administration of West India colonies, 1882; conservative M.P. for Kirkdale (Manchester), 1885-98; joint special commissioner to arrange details of new Maltese constitution, 1887; K.C.M.G., 1888; appointed to investigate subject of Behring Sea fisheries, 1891, and was British member of joint commission at Washington, 1892, and adviser on conduct of British case before arbitrators in Paris, 1893; published works and articles on political and economic questions.
Powell: '''Powell''' or POWEL, GRIFFITH ([[1561]]-[[1620]]), principal of Jesus College, Oxford; M.A. Jesus College, Oxford, 1589; D.O.L., 1599; principal, 1613-20; wrote on Aristotle and the sophists.
Humphrey Powell: '''Humphrey Powell''' (fl. [[1548]]-[[1556]]), printer; was in 1548 engaged in printing in Holborn Conduit, London, but in 1561 removed to Dublin, where he established the first printing-press in Ireland.
Powell: '''Powell''' Sm JOHN ([[1633]]-[[1696]]), judge : M.A. Jesus College, Oxford, 1664; barrister, Gray's" Inn, 1057 (antient, 1676); knighted and appointed a judge of the common pleas, 1686; removed to the king's bench, 1687, but disniisM-d (July 1688) for stating, on the trial of the srvm bishops, that the Declaration of Indulgence was a nullity; restored to the common pleas, May 1689.
Sik John Powell: '''Sik John Powell''' (1G45-[[1713]]), judge : barrister, Inner Temple, 1671; appointed to the exchequer, 1691; knighted, 1691; transferred to the common pleas, 1695, and to the queen's bench, 1702.
John Powell: '''John Powell''' (Jl. [[1770]]-[[1786]]), portrait-painter; pupil and assistant of Sir Joshua Reynolds; lived at Sir Joshua's house, and made reduced copies of many of his portraits.
John Powell: '''John Powell''' (.f. [[1796]]-[[1829]]), water-colour painter ; largely engaged as a teacher of painting in water-colours; executed landscapes chiefly drawn from English scenery. xlvi. 245
Powell: '''Powell''' in.;-,
Pownall: '''Pownall'''
John Joseph Powell: '''John Joseph Powell''' ( [[1755]] 7-[[1801]] ), legal writer ; practised as a conveyancer, and wrote on mortgages, contracts, nod other legal subjects.,:...
Martin Powell: '''Martin Powell''' (. [[1709]]-[[1729]]), puppet showmail: established (171U) his puppet-show in Coven: den, London, where it became famous, and was frequently alluded to in the Tatlcr and Spectator
Powell: '''Powell''' THAXIEL, (1. [[1622]]). navigator and colonist; settled in Virginia in 1607, when be made explorations aud wrote, apparently,The Diarie of the Second Voyage in discovering the Bay 1608.
Richard Powell: '''Richard Powell''' ([[1767]]-[[1834]]), physician; of Pembroke and Merton Colleges, Oxford: M.A., 1791; M.D., 1795; physician to St Bartholomew's HwpitaU Londou, 1801-24: censor, H.C.P., 1798, 1807, 1820, and 1823: Lumleian lecturer, 1811-22; Harveian orator, 1808; one of the revisers of the 4 1'barmacopasia Loudinensis 1809. Hi medical writings were important
Robert Powell: '''Robert Powell''' (. [[1634]]-[[1662]]), legal writer ; a solicitor in Gloucestershire; wrote on English legal antiquities,

[edit] Section 1126

Thomas Powell: '''Thomas Powell''' ([[1672]]?-[[1635]]?X attorney and author: solicitor-general in the marches of Wales, 16131622; published various works in poetry and prose, includingA Welch Bayte to spare Prouender(1603), a justification of Queen Elizabeth's treatment of papists and puritans, which was suppressed.
Thomas Powell: '''Thomas Powell''' ([[1766]]-[[1842]]?), musician; taught music in Dublin, Edinburgh, aud London; a skilled artist on several instrument*. His compositions are numerous.
Vavasor Powell: '''Vavasor Powell''' ([[161]] 7-[[1670]] X nonconformist divine; adopted the career of an itinerant evangelist in Wales, c. 1639, and on the outbreak of the civil war went to London: resumed his work in the principality, 1646, and created a band of missionary preachers, becoming known as the metropolitan of the itinerants; drew up a protest against Cromwell's usurpation and by 1654 had joined the baptist section of independents, holding many Fifth-monarchy opinions; arrested at the Restoration, and on his refusal to abstain from preaching imprisoned, with some slight intervals, for the rest of his life. His use of travelling preachers anticipated, and probably suggested, George Fox's employment of the same agency. He published over twenty trealam.
William Powell: '''William Powell''' ([[1735]]-[[1769]]), actor : made his first appearance on the stage at Drury Lane, Ixmdon (1763) aa Garrick's understudy, after being carefully coached by Garrick, who was anxious for foreign travel; made Uarrick uneasy by the extent of his popularity; joined (1767) in the Covent Garden venture; the original Honeywood in theGood-natured Man 1768; his early death generally lamented.
William Samuel Powell: '''William Samuel Powell''' ([[1717]]-[[1775]]), divine : fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1740 63; M.A., 1742; D.D., 1757; left Cambridge, 1761, aud took a house in London; master of St. John's College, Cambridge, 17*5-75.
Henry Power: '''Henry Power''' ([[1623]]-[[1668]]), physician and naturalist: B.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1644: practised for a time as a physician at Halifax: F.R.S., 1663; published Experimental Philosophy 1664, and left a number of works in manuscript.
Joseph Power: '''Joseph Power''' ([[1798]]-[[1868]]), librarian of the university of Cambridge; fellow of Clare College, Cambridge, 1823, of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 1829. and re-elected at Clare College, Cambridge, 1844; M.A. Clare College, Cambridge, 1824: librarian of the university, 1845-64: wr.ton mathematical subjects.
Lionel Power: '''Lionel Power''' (. 1 [[450]] ?), composer and writer on musical theory; anthor of extant compositions and a tract in the British Museum entitled Lionel Power of the Oordis of Musike
Sir Manley Power: '''Sir Manley Power''' ([[1773]]-[[1826]]), lieutenantgeneral; entered the army, 1783, and saw much active rvice between 1799 and 1802; took part in the IVninsular war from 1810, and (1813) was attached to the Portuguese army, commanding a brigade at Salamanca. Vittoria, Nivelle, and Orthes; K.O.B., 1815.
Marguerite Power: '''Marguerite Power''' , afterwards OommM or
Sivotoi Hlks: '''Sivotoi Hlks''' [[1789]]-[[1849]]).
Marguerite Power: '''Marguerite Power''' A. ([[1815]] T-[[1867]]), author; niece of Marguerite, countess of Blewingtou q. T.I: wrote, besides other works, a poem entitled Virginia's Hand(I860).
Hiohard Power: '''Hiohard Power''' , first EARL OF TYROXE ([[1610]]1690),was taken into Cromwell's special protection to consequence of his father, John, lord de to Power (4. 1661X having become insane: made governor of Waterford, 1661: created Bart of Tyrone. 1671; was charged with tr.M-i.Mi on iiiinuhfttantial evidence. 1679, and failed to gain his discharge till 16H1; became a Roman catholic on the accession of James II; privy councillor, 1686: assisted in the defence of Cork against Marlborough, 1690, and after the capitulation was committed to the Tower of London, where be died.
Tyrone Power: '''Tyrone Power''' ([[1797]]-[[1841]]), Irish comedian: joined a company of strolling players hi bis fourteenth year; obtained small engagements in the London theatres, 1821; succeeded Charles Connor as tending Irish comedian at Drury Lane, 1826; his last appearance to London at the Haymarket 1840; went down to the President when returning from the United States.
Viscouxt Powerscourt: '''Viscouxt Powerscourt''' (rf. [[1634]]). See Wixo
Sir Richard Fikld: '''Sir Richard Fikld''' .
Powis: '''Powis''' titular DUKES OF. See HKRBKRT, WILLIAM, first DUKE, 1617-1696; HKRBKRT, WILLIAM, second DUKK, d. 1745.
Marquihkh of Powis: '''Marquihkh of Powis''' . See HKRBKRT, WILLIAM, first MARQUIX, 1617-1696; HKHBKHT, WILLIAM, second MARQCIS, rf. 1746.
Powis: '''Powis''' second EARL OF. See HKRBKRT, EDWARD, 1785-1818.
William Henry Powis: '''William Henry Powis''' ([[1808]]-[[1836]]), wealengraver; regarded as one of the best wood-engraven ot his day.
Powle: '''Powle'''
George Powle: '''George Powle''' (. [[1764]]-[[1771]]), etcher and miniature-painter; pupil of Thomas Worlidgc, whose mode of etching be imitated.
Henry Powle: '''Henry Powle''' ([[1630]]-[[1692]]), master of the rolls and speaker of the Convention parliament: of Christ Church, Oxford; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1664 (bencher, 1669); MP., Cireucester, 1671 and 1679, East Grinstead, 1681, New Windsor, 1689; identified himself with the opponents of the court in Charles IIs reign; advocated a Dutch alliance, 1677; led the attack on Danby, 1678; made a member of Temple's new composite privy council, but from the commencement of 1681 took little part in politics until the revolution; was immediately voted to the chair on the as-emblageof the Convention parliament, and was William Ill's most trusted adviser while the parliament sat; made master of the rolls, 1690, on which be retired from parliament. His historical, legal, and antiquarian knowledge were highly esteemed,
Powlett: '''Powlett'''
Thomas Orde Powlett: '''Thomas Orde Powlett''' -, first BARON BOLTOX (1746-1807).

[edit] Section 1127

Robert Powwall: '''Robert Powwall''' ([[1520]]-[[1571]]), proteatant divine; fled from England during Queen MaryV reign, and wo." afterwards rector of Harbledown (15G2-71); published several treatises aud translations from the French.
Thomas Pownall: '''Thomas Pownall''' ([[1722]]-[[1805]]), known as 'Governor Powuall*; politician and antiquary; B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1743; obtained a place in the office of the board of trade aud plantations, r. 1744, aud (c. I7H)WM nominated lieutenant-governor of New Jersey, and in 1757 governor of Massachusetts: laboured zealously to drive the French from North America: commanded an expedition to the Penobscot River, 1759: transferred to South Carolina, 1759, his manners being nusuited to the gravity of the New England puritans: quitted America and resigned his post 1760; published (1764) hi* famous work (6th el. 1777) on The Administration of the Colonies to which he projected the union of all the American possession* in one dominion, and drew attention to the reluctance of colonists to be taxed without their own consent;
Powrie: '''Powrie''' -OGILVY 1066
Pratt: '''Pratt''' MP Tregony, 1767-74, Minebead, 1774-80; allied himteif at first with the whigs, but supported Lord Nortb whan war broke out, insisting at the same time that England's sovereignty over tbe colonies was last, and urging the government to treat He was the author of tweutysubjects, chiefly political and
John: '''John''' (ft. [[1592]]-[[1601]]). See various flve works on economic. "POWREE-OQILVY,
Ooilvy: '''Ooilvy'''
Powt: '''Powt''' 8, HORATIO ([[1805]]-[[1877]]), bishop of Sodor and Man of Harrow and St. John's College, Cambridge; M.A., 18*6; created D.D., 1854; consecrated, 1854; involved himself in mucb litigation on behalf of the rights of the aee.
Powys: '''Powys''' StR LITTLETON ([[1648]]?-[[1732]]), judge; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1671; appointed a judge on the Chester circuit, 1689; serjeant and knighted, 1692; became a baron of the exchequer, 1695; transferred to the king's bench, 1700; retired, 1726.
Sir Thomas Powys: '''Sir Thomas Powys''' ([[1649]]-[[1719]]), judge : brother of Sir Littleton Powys; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1673; solicitor-general and knighted, 1686; attorneygeneral, 1687: conducted the prosecution of the seven bishops, 1688, with much fairness; became a judge of the queen's bench, 1713 (removed, 1714).
Thomas Littleton Powys: '''Thomas Littleton Powys''' , fourth BARON
Lilford: '''Lilford''' ([[1833]]-[[1896]]), ornithologist; educated at Harrow and Christ Church, Oxford; travelled abroad and made valuable ornithological collections: F.Z.S., 1852; F.L.S., 1863; one of the founders of the British Ornithologists Union, 1858, and president from 1867; published Coloured Figures of Birds of British Islands 1885-97 (completed by OsbertSalvin ), and various ornithological writings.
John Poyer: '''John Poyer''' (d. [[1649]]), royalist ; mayor of Pembroke, 1642: became captain in the service of parliament; went over to Charles I's party in 1648, and raised an armed force; executed nine months after Cromwell's capture of Pembroke.
John Poynder: '''John Poynder''' ([[1779]]-[[1849]]), theological writer: for nearly forty years clerk and solicitor to the royal hospitals of Bridewell and Bethlehem, London; attacked th Bast India Company for encouraging idolatry, and obtained the abolition of the suttee and of the pilgrim tax. His works are numerous.
John Poynet: '''John Poynet''' ([[1614]] 7-[[1556]]).
Poynino: '''Poynino''' 8, SIR EDWARD ([[1459]]-[[1521]]), lord-deputy of Ireland: grandson of Robert de Poynings, fifth baron Poynuigs; a leader of the rising in Kent in 1483: planned to second Buckingham's insurrection against Richard III; escaped abroad and landed with Henry VII at Milford Haven; commanded an expedition sent to assist Maximilian in the reduction of Flanders, 1492; governor of Calais, 1493; sent to Ireland as deputy to the governor, Prince Henry, 1494; assembled a parliament (1494) which passed numerous important acts (repealed, 1782) restricting Irish independence, the most momentous of which was that (afterwards known as Poj'ningslaw) providing that no act of parliament should be valid unless previously submitted to tbe English privy council, and another which enacted that all laws passed in England previous to 1494 should be valid in Ireland; compelled Perkin Warbeck. who invaded Ireland, 1495, to seek refuge in Scotland; succeeded in extirpating Yorkist cause in Ireland: was recalled, 1496, and some time before Henry VII's death became controller of the household and warden of tlie Cinque ports, offices which were continued to him in the next reign; K.G; negotiated a league of partition against France, 1513; took part in the capture of T6rouenue and Tournai; took an important part in negotiations with the emperor Charles V.
Poyhino: '''Poyhino''' 8 or PONYNO8, MICHAEL DK, second
Povninoh Baron: '''Povninoh Baron''' ([[1817]]-[[1369]]), served in Flanders in lM-4,in Scotland in 1341, and in France in 1345-6 and in 1IM-6; summoned to parliament from 1342.
Robert Poykdtob: '''Robert Poykdtob''' me, fifth &UMW POYTONM (1WO-1446X grandson of Michael de Poynings, second Poynlngi: ntimmoned to parliament, 1404: in thePwnch wars of Henry IV and Henry V. wed in the
Thomas Poynings: '''Thomas Poynings''' , BARON POYMKOS (d. [[1545]]), I illegitimate son of Sir Edward Poynings: took I part in the French expedition of 1544, greatly distinguishing himself at the capture of Boulogne; created baron, 1545.
Ambrose Poynter: '''Ambrose Poynter''' ([[1796]]-[[1886]]), architect; set up as an architect in Westminster, 1821; foundation member of the R.I.B.A.; designed, besides other buildings, many government schools and several London churches.
William Poynter: '''William Poynter''' ([[1762]]-[[1827]]), Roman catholic prelate: prefect of studies at the English College at Douay; D.D. Douay: imprisoned by the French revolutionaries, 1793 and 1795; sent to England; became president of St. Edmund's College, near Ware, 1801; coadjutor bishop to John Douglass, 1803; became vicar-apostolic of the London district, 1812.
Sir Anthony Poyntz: '''Sir Anthony Poyntz''' ([[1480]] ?-[[1533]]), diplomatist ; knighted, 1513; went on an embassy to Francis 1, 1518; was present at the Field of the Cloth of Gold, 1520.
Sir Francis Poyntz: '''Sir Francis Poyntz''' (d. [[1528]]), diplomatist ; was sent as ambassador to Charles V, 1527; died of the plague.
John Poyntz: '''John Poyntz''' (ft. [[1658]]-1 [[683]]), captain in the navy ; fought for parliament in the civil war in Ireland and England: subsequently travelled in America; published a proposal (1683) for colonising Tobago.
Robert Poyntz: '''Robert Poyntz''' (ft. [[1554]]-[[1566]]), Roman catholic writer; of Winchester College and New College, Oxford; was elected perpetual fellow of New College, 1554; M.A., 1560; settled in Louvain early in Queen Elizabeth's reign; published (1566) Testimonies for the Real Presence

[edit] Section 1128

Poyntz: '''Poyntz''' 8m ROBERT ([[1589]] ?-[[1665]]), royalist; descended from Sir Anthony Poyntz; of Brasenose College, Oxford: M.P., Gloucestershire, 1626 and 1628-9; knighted, 1627; published A Vindication of Monarchy 1661.
Stephen Poyntz: '''Stephen Poyntz''' ([[1665]]-[[1750]]), diplomatist; fellow of King's College, Cambridge; M.A., 1711; envoy extraordinary to Sweden, 1724; governor to the Duke of Cumberland; privy councillor, 1735.
Sydenham Poyntz: '''Sydenham Poyntz''' (. [[1645]]-[[1650]]), soldier; brother of John Poyntz; served in the Dutch and imperial armies, returning to England in 1645; became commauder-in-chief of the northern association under parliament and governor of York, and gained the battle of Rowton Heath, 24 Sept. 1645: published (1646) a Vindication containing an account of his services; supposed by the presbyterians to be likely to oppose the new model, but in 1 647 was sent by his soldiers a prisoner to Fairfax; fought for London against the army, 1647, and on the collapse of his cause fled to Holland; accompanied Lord Willoughby to the West Indies, 1650, and finally settled in Virginia.
Winthrop Maokworth Praed: '''Winthrop Maokworth Praed''' ([[1802]]-[[1839]]), poet; descended from Sir Humphry Mackworth: educated at Eton, where he founded theEtonian and at Trinity College, Cambridge; B.A., 1826; fellow, 1827: barrister, Middle Temple, 1829; conservative M.P. for St. Germans, 1830, Great Yarmouth, 1834, Aylesbury, 1837; appointed secretary to the board of control under Peel, 1834. The first collection of his poems appeared at New York in 1844, and an authorised edition by Derwent Coleridge was published in 1864. His proae essays were collected in a volume of Henry Morley's Universal Library in 1887.
Miles Prance: '''Miles Prance''' (fl. [[1678]]-[[1689]]), perjurer; Roman catholic goldsmith of Coveiit Garden, London; arrested (1678) on suspicion of the murder of Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey and committed to Newgate: endeavoured to procure his release by a fabricated account of Godfrey's death, but his falsehood being detected was sent back to prison; procured his liberty and the death of three innocent men by a new story; subsequently gave evidence in support of Gates and Bedloe, was convicted of perjury (1686) and afterwards went abroad.
Anne Pratt: '''Anne Pratt''' , afterwards MRS. PKARLKSS imir,1893), botanist; married John Pearless, 1866; published
Pratt: '''Pratt''' 10*37
Prescott: '''Prescott''' popular but useful botanical work-, includingThe Flowering Plant* and Ferns of Great lintam 1855).
Sir Charles Pratt: '''Sir Charles Pratt''' , first EARL CAMUKN and flnt
Cami Baron: '''Cami Baron''' .KN ( 17U-17HU. lonl chun. -.-U.-r : MOO of Sir John Pratt q. v.l; educated at Kton un,t Cambridge; fellow, 1734; M.A., 1740; barrister, Middle Temple, 1738; failed at flnt, but eventually noceeded In gaining a reputation at the bar; became attorney-general under Pitt, 1767, and aat in parliament a* whiff M.P. for Downton; appointed chief- justice of the court of common pleas, 1761; knighted, 1761; decided in the eaM of John Wilkea ( 1763) that general warrant* were illegal: became almost as great a popular idol as W likes himself and (1766) was created baron; opposed in the House of Lord* the taxation of the American colonies, and declared the Stamp Act unconstitutional; became lord chancellor in Ghatham's administration, 1766; although opposed to the American policy of the ministry, retained the great seal until it wa taken from him, January 1770; threw himself into opposition until the death of Chatham, when be lost heart and (1781) withdrew from public life; entered the Rockingham ministry as president of the council, 1782, resigning during the negotiations for tlie formation of the coalition ministry In March 1783; resumed the presidency of the council, 1784, retaining it till his death; created Earl Camden, 1786.
Sir Oharlk Pratt: '''Sir Oharlk Pratt''' 8 ([[1768]]-[[1838]]), lieutenantgeneral; entered the army, 1794; served in the Peninsular war, 1812-14; K.O.B., 1830; lieutenant-general, 1884.
Sir John Pratt: '''Sir John Pratt''' ([[1657]]-[[1726]]), judge; of Magdalen Hall and Wadham College, Oxford: fellow of Wadhain College, Oxford, 1678; M.A., 1679; barrister, Inner Temple, 1682: made a judge of the court of king's bench, 1714; M.P., Midhurst, 1711-16; knighted, 1714; became lord chief-justice, 1718.
John Pratt: '''John Pratt''' ([[1772]]-[[1856]]), organist; became organist at King's College, Cambridge, and to Cambridge University, 1799; organist at Peterhouse, Cambridge, 1813: occupied himself with publications for the choirs of college chapels, and published (1810) aPsalmody which was widely used.
John Burnett Pratt: '''John Burnett Pratt''' ([[1799]]-[[1869]]), Scottish divine and antiquary; M.A. Aberdeen (bon. LL.D., 1866); minister of the Scottish episcopal church at Cruden, 1826-69; author of several publications on local antiquities and other topics.
John Henry Pratt: '''John Henry Pratt''' (rf. [[1871]]). mathematician: sou of Josiah Pratt; M.A. and fellow, Caius College, Cambridge, 1836; wrote several mathematical treatises.
Sir John Jeffreys Pratt: '''Sir John Jeffreys Pratt''' , second EARL and first MARQUIH OP OAMDKN (1759-1840), only son of Sir Charles Pratt, first earl of Camden; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1779: M.P., Bath, 1780-94; lonl of the admiralty (July 1782 to April 1783, and December 1783 to July 1788); a lord of the treasury, 1789-94; appointed lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 1794; unpopular with the Irish, who saw in his appointment the frustration of all remedial legislature; shared with the English cabinet the responsibilityfor the policy which terminated in the rebellion of 1798; placed Ulster under martial law ( March 1797), but on the outbreak of the rebellion (May 1798) maintained a merely defensive attitude, and implored to be superseded by a military man, on which Lord Cornwall is was sent; secretary of war, 1804-5; president of the council, 1805-6 and 1807-12; created Marquis of Camden, 1812.
John Tidd Pratt: '''John Tidd Pratt''' ( [[1797]]-[[1870]]), registrar of friendly societies: banister, Inner Temple, 1824: barrister to the commissioners for the reduction of the national debt, 1828-70: registrar of friendly societies, 1846-70: published levral works.
Pratt: '''Pratt''' J06IAH ([[1768]]-[[1844]]), evangelical divine: B.A. St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, 1792: secretary to the Church Missionary Society, 1802-24, devoting all his energies to the institution, and displaying great tact and business capacity: helped to form the British and Foreign Bible Society, 1804; became vicar of St. Stepl man Street, London, In 1826; edited Bishop Hall's works, 1808.
Sir Roger Pratt: '''Sir Roger Pratt''' (l6XM84),rohitect: of dalen College, Oxford; a oonsidenible part in deigning and rebuilding London after the great fire of 1M6; knighted, 1668. Jdvi. SM)
Pratt: '''Pratt''' or PRAT, SAMUEL ([[1669]] V-[[1723]]), dean of ortM IT. -I Mated* lUrateal I.,-.:..- 1.-..-..-.1.1-,,. D.D. per literal reyitu, 1697; published, among other work*, treatise on the problem of restoring the currency, 1896.
Samuel Jackson Pratt: '''Samuel Jackson Pratt''' ([[1749]]-[[1814]]X misodlaneous writer, mainly under the pseudonym of OOUKTXKT MKIJMOTR; was onlained in the English church, but soon abandoned the clerical profession, and appeared in 1773 on the stage at Dublin under the name of Courtney Mdrnotb: failed as an actor: adopted literature as a profesMO... 1 7 7 1: traded in Bath for some yean at a bookseller; several of his plays produced at Drury published miscellaneous works in prose and
Sir Thomas Simeon Pratt: '''Sir Thomas Simeon Pratt''' ([[1797]]-[[1879]]), commander of the forces in Australia; educated at St. Andrews; entered the army, 1814: In command in Australia (1866-61), with tin- funk of major-general; conducted the war against the Maoris, 1860-1: K.C.B., 181; gfiii-rul, 1873; retired from active service, 1877.
Robert Sidney Pratten: '''Robert Sidney Pratten''' ([[1824]]-[[1868]]), flautUt : made his debut at Clifton in 1836: went to London in 1846, and attained the front rank In his art.
Thomas Prence: '''Thomas Prence''' ([[1600]]-[[1673]]), governor of Massachusetts: emigrated to New Plymouth, and (1634) was elected governor; resigned, 1635; did good service against the Pecquot Indians, 1637; was a second time governor, 1638, and for a third time, 1657-73.
John Patrick Prendergast: '''John Patrick Prendergast''' ([[1808]]-[[1893]]), historian; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1826; called to the Irish bar, 1830. He published The History of the Cromwellian Settlement of Ireland 1863, and other hwttM xlvi. 299)

[edit] Section 1129

Prendergast: '''Prendergast''' or PENDERGRASS, SIR THOMAS, first baronet (16607-1709), soldier and Jacobite; gave information to government of the plot to assassinate William III at Turnham Green in February 1696, and gave evidence against the conspirators; created baronet, 1699; entered the army, and (1709) was promoted brigadier-general; mortally wounded at Malplaquet.
Thomas Prendergast: '''Thomas Prendergast''' ([[1806]]-[[1886]]), Inventor of the mastery system of learning languages; entered the East India Company's service, 1826, and retired, 1869. His system of learning languages, which was in some respects a development of the Ollendorfflan, bad considerulile success. He published several handbooks on it, which went through numerous editions.
Archibald Prentice: '''Archibald Prentice''' ([[1792]]-[[1857]]), journalist; helped to found the Manchester Gazettein 1821, as the organ of radical opinion, which was incorporated (1828) with the Manchester Times (sole manager of the new paper, 1828); obtained the transfer of the centre of antlcornlaw agitation from London to Manchester, 1836, and (1838) assisted in forming the Anti-Corulaw League; devoted his paper solely to the Interest* of free trade: compelled to relinquish bis post in 1847 after the establishment ( 1845)of a rival radical journal, the Manchester Examiner which was started in the manufacturing interest, and proved a serious blow to the Times
Prenti: '''Prenti''' 8, EDWARD ([[1797]]-[[1864]]), painter; portrayed scenes from domestic life: exhibited (1823-6O) chiefly at the Society of British Artiste.
Prenti: '''Prenti''' 8, STEPHEN ([[1801]]-[[1862]]), poet: M.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1830; author of numerous short poems printed for private circulation, xlvi 301
Sih Prescott: '''Sih Prescott''' 1IKNHY ([[1783]]-[[1874]]X admiral: grandson of Richard Walter; entered UK navy, 1796; promoted to poet rank (1810) for gallantry while in command of the boat attack at Amautea; governor of Newfoundland, 1834-41; admiral, 1860: G.OJk, 1869.
Robert Prescott: '''Robert Prescott''' ([[1726]]-[[1816]]), general: served I at Rochefort, 1757, at LouUburg, 1758, at Martinique, 1 1761, and in several actions in the American war of
Preston: '''Preston''' 1068
Price: '''Price''' ; reduced Martinique and was appointed r, 1194; governor of Canada, 1796-9Koueral,
Preston: '''Preston''' first VISCOUNT ([[1648]]-[[1695]]). See GRAHAM, 8m RICHARD.
Sir Amyas Dk Preston: '''Sir Amyas Dk Preston''' (rf. [[1617]] ?), naval commander; took part in an expedition to the Spanish main, 1595; knighted, 1596: took part in the Islands voyage, 1697 keeper of stores and ordnance at the Tower of London, 160S-17.
George Preston: '''George Preston''' ([[1659]]?-[[1748]]), governor of Edinburgh Castle; was a captain in the service of the ritatet-Geueral in 1688, and accompanied William of Orange to England; colonel of the Cameraman regiment, 1706-20: ma- le governor of Edinburgh Castle and commander-in-chief of the forces in Scotland on the outbnak of the rebellion of 1716: superseded by General Joshua Gnest, 1745, but is said to have prevented Guest from surrendering to the Jacobites,
Gilbert Dk Preston: '''Gilbert Dk Preston''' (d. [[1274]]). chief-justice of the court of common pleas: son of Walter de Preston B; justice itinerant, 1240; appointed to the common 1242, retaining the post till his death; first to hold tie of chief-justice of the court of common pleas.
Sir John Preston: '''Sir John Preston''' (ft. [[1394]]-[[1428]]% judge; was recorder of London, 1406-15; a justice of common pleas, 1415-28.
Preston: '''Preston''' Sra JOHN, LOUD Fiam)XBARNa(d. [[1616]]), Scottish judge; appointed an ordinary judge of the court of session, 1595; became president, 1609; one of the new Octavians, 1611.
John Preston: '''John Preston''' ([[1587]]-[[1628]]), puritan divine ; fellow of QueensCollege, Cambridge, 1609; M.A., 1611; commenced, on becoming dean of QueensCollege, Cambridge, a coarse of sermons, which drew large crowds; his appointment as chaplain in ordinary to Prince Charles (e. 1620) due to the influence of Buckingham, who desired to conciliate the puritans; became preacher at Lincoln's Inn, 1622, and master of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1622-8; D.D. by royal mandate, 1623; exerted all his influence on behalf of the puritans after the accession of Charles I, but found his plans counteracted by Laud, and failed to accomplish anything considerable,
Richard Preston: '''Richard Preston''' ([[1768]]-[[1850]]), legal author; began life as an attorney, but was called to the bar at the Inner Temple, 1807 (bencher, 1834); K.C., 1834; conservative M.P., Ashbarton, 1812-18; supported the corn ( I in it's; published an admirable Treatise on Conveyancing (1806-9) and other works.
Sir Simon Preston: '''Sir Simon Preston''' (fl. [[1538]]-[[1570]]), provost of Edinburgh; provost, 1538-43 and 1544-5; one of the most trusted friends of Mary Queen of Scots after her arrival in Scotland; again made provost by her orders, 1566, becoming also a member of the privy council: by bis hostile attitude compelled Moray to evacuate Edinburgh in September, 1565; abandoned the cause of Mary Qoeen of Scot* after her marriage to Both well. xlvi. 3121
Thomas Preston: '''Thomas Preston''' ([[1537]]-[[1598]]), master of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, and dramatist; fellow of King's College, Cambridge 1556; M.A., 1561; LL.D., 1676; master of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 1584-98; vice-chancellor of Cambridge University, 1589-90; wroteA Lamentable Tragedy mixed full of Mirth conteyning the Life of OamMW, King of Percia(1569), which illustrates the transition from the morality play to historical drama. The bombastic grandiloquence of the piece became proverbial. tai I t{l v f i 1 !S?2* cKX JnYeUcstel 2L T5 l sh NeU wl""l8, where he took service with c archdukes: retumed to Ireland and joined the reSi f: totally defeated by Ormonde nr N!W *m, 1843; captured Duncannon fort, 1646, and RosDommoo, 1646; injured the Roman catholic cause by his perttatent quarrels with Owen Roe O'Neill and r MlchaST nUBC0: hU Brmv WIUI almost annihilated SiS wSEiitSl5vM2iS; 1650; escaped to the continent, 1652; exempted from pardon in the Cromwelliuu Act of Settlement.
Walter Dk Preston: '''Walter Dk Preston''' (1. [[1230]]), sheriff of Northamptonshire, 1207 and 1208: also known as Walter Fitz Winemar; took part with the barons against King John.
William Preston: '''William Preston''' ([[1753]]-[[1807]]), poet and dramatist; M.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1773; called to the Irish bar, 1777; wrote occasional poems for periodicals and several tragedies, of which the most successful,Democratic Rage was produced at Dublin in 1793.
William Preston: '''William Preston''' ([[1742]]-[[1818]]), printer ami writer on freemasonry; became partner in Andrew Strahan's business, 1804, and published Illustrations of Masonry 1772. The first edition, which differs from all subsequent issues, was reprinted in 1887.
Loud Prestongrange: '''Loud Prestongrange''' ([[1701]] ?-[[1764]]). See
William Grant: '''William Grant''' .
John Prestwich: '''John Prestwich''' , called SIR JOHN (d. [[1795]]), antiquary: chiefly known by his heraldic work,Prestwich's Respublica 1787.

[edit] Section 1130

Sir Joseph Prestwich: '''Sir Joseph Prestwich''' ([[1812]]-[[1896]]), geologist; studied science and chemistry at University College, London; entered his father's business of wine merchant in London; established reputation as geologist by two papers rend to Geological Society of London on coalfield of Coalbrookdale, Shropshire; published work on waterbearing strata round London, 1851; on water commission, 1862; professor of geology at Oxford, 1874-88; M.A. and member of Christ Church, Oxford, 1874; D.C.L., 1888: knighted, 1896; fellow of Geological Society, 1833, and Wollaston medallist, 1849; F.R.S., 1863, and royal medallist, 1865. As a geologist his chief strength lay in stratigraphy, and he accepted on the whole the uniformitarian view. His writings includeGeology, Chemical, Physical, and Stratigraphical 1886-8, The Tradition of the Flood 1895, and numerous pamphlets, reports, and contributions to scientific periodicals.
Sir George Pretyman: '''Sir George Pretyman''' ([[1750]]-[[1827]]). See TOM-
Link: '''Link'''
Sir George Prevost: '''Sir George Prevost''' , first baronet ([[1767]]-[[1816]]), soldier and governor-general of Canada; nominated military governor of St. Lucia, 1798, and civil governor, 1801; appointed governor-in-chief in Dominica, 1802; created baronet, 1805; appointed lieutenant-governor in Nova Scotia, 1808; chosen governor of Lower Canada and governor-general of British North America, 1811; intervened, unfortunately for his reputation, in the military operations during the campaigns of 1812-14; left Canada to meet the charges against his conduct in the field, but died in London before the meeting of the court-martial.
Prevost: '''Prevost''' Sill GEORGE, second baronet ([[1804]]-[[1893]]), tractarian; only son of Sir George Prevost; M.A. Oriel College, Oxford, 1827; a pupil and disciple of John Keble: became perpetual curate of Stinchcombe (1834-93), archdeacon of Gloucester, 1865-81, and honorary canon of Gloucester, 1859-93; translated Chrysostom's houiilies on St. Matthew for Pusey's Library* of the Fathers 1843.
Louis Augustin Prevost: '''Louis Augustin Prevost''' ([[1796]]-[[1858]]), linguist ; born at Troyes; came to England, 1823; became acquainted with upwards of forty languages, and was employed (1843-55) in cataloguing the Chinese books at the British Museum.
Price: '''Price'''
Arthur Price: '''Arthur Price''' (d. [[1752]]), archbishop of Oashel; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1700; D.D., 1724; consecrated bishop of Clonfert, 1724, and translated to Ferns and Leighliu, 1730, and to Meath, 1734: archbishop of Oashel, 1744-52; abandoned the old cathedral of Cashel.
Bartholomew Price: '''Bartholomew Price''' ([[1818]]-[[1898]]), master of Pembroke College, Oxford; B.A. Pembroke College, Oxford, 1840; M.A., 1843; fellow of Pembroke College, Oxford, 144; tutor and mathematical lecturer, 1845; proctor, 1868; F.R.S., 1852; F.R.A.8., 1866; Sedleian professor of natural philosophy at Oxford, 1853-98; as secretary of the Clarendon Press (1868-84) greatly improved its position and organisation; master of Pembroke College, 1891-8;
Price: '''Price''' lOCy
Price: '''Price''' publishedTreatise on Infinitesimal Calculus(4 voU., 1862-60.
Price: '''Price''' HnN AMY (1*07-[[1888]]), eoonomiv Worcester ollegf, Oxford, 1838; became mathematical master at Rugby in ISM, resigning in 1860: Dnimin.m.1 professor of political economy at Oxford, 1868-88; wrote (.-tartly on currency and banking.
Price: '''Price''' Sin (,'AKHKRY (d. [[1696]]).
Sir Charles Price: '''Sir Charles Price''' , first baroi speaker of the house of assembly of Jamaica: born in Jamaica; studied at Trinity College. Oxford; elected to the assembly, 1732, and cboneu speaker, 1746, holding office till 1763; created baronet, 1768. {xlvl. 323
Price: '''Price''' Sin CHARLES, second baronet ([[1732]]-17KH), speaker of the house of assembly in Jamaica; son of Sir Charles Price, flnt baronet; of Trinity College, Oxford; elected to the boose of assembly, 1763; speaker in succession to his father, 1763-76.
Daniel Price: '''Daniel Price''' ([[1881]]-[[1631]]), divine: of St. Mary Hall and Exeter College, Oxford; M.A., 1604: joined the Middle Temple, 1609; D.D., 1613; chaplain to James I; published sermons.
David Price: '''David Price''' ([[1762]]-[[1836]] X orientalist; for a time at Jesua College, Cambridge; enlisted in the East India Company's service; became major, 1804; retired, 1807; devoted himself to oriental studies, writing long, leisurely works on Arabian, Persian, and Indian history, the best known being theChronological Retrospect... of Mahominedau History 1811-21, which i*.-till for some branches of eastern history almost the only English work of reference.
David Price: '''David Price''' ([[1790]]-[[1864]]), rear-admiral: entered the navy, 1801; commander-in-chlef in the Pacific, 1863; committed suicide while about to attack the Russian port of Petropaulovski on 30 Aug. 1864.
Edmund Price: '''Edmund Price''' ([[1641]] ?-[[1624]]).
Ellen Price: '''Ellen Price''' ([[1814]]-[[1887]]).
Ellis Price: '''Ellis Price''' ([[1506]]7-[[1699]]), Welsh administrator; LI..I5. St. Nicholas's Hostel, Cambridge, 1533; D.O.L., 1634: became commissary-general of the diocese of St. Asaph, 1638; devoted himself mainly to civil administration, repeatedly acting as sheriff for various counties during the reigns of Mary and Elizabeth.
Francis Price: '''Francis Price''' (. [[1753]]), architect ; became surveyor to Salisbury Cathedral and clerk of the works to the dean and chapter, 1734; publishedThe British Carpenter 1736 (4th ed. 1759), long the best text-book on carpentry.
Hugh Price: '''Hugh Price''' ([[1495]] 7-[[1574]]), founder of Jesu College, Oxford; B.O.L. Oxford, 1512; I).Cau.L., 1526; prebendary of Rochester, 1541-74; treasurer of St. David's, 1571-4. Jesus College, Oxford, was established in 1571 oil his petition.
James Price: '''James Price''' ([[1752]]-[[1783]]), chemist; son of James Hipginbotbam; M.A. Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1777; changed his name to Price, 1781; professed (1782) to be able to convert mercury into gold and silver, but in 1783 failed to repeat his experiments and committed suicide.
Ah Rice Price: '''Ah Rice Price''' , or AI- RHYS, SIR JOHN (rf. [[1673]]7), visitor of the monasteries; acted with Sir Thomas Learn as a visitor of the greater monasteries, 1636; author of three historical treatises.

[edit] Section 1131

Price: '''Price''' (Pnir.Krs), JOHN ([[1600]]-[[1676]]?), scholar: student of Christ Church, Oxford, 1617; made his mark in 1635 by an edition of the Apologia* of Apuleius, published at Paris; professor of Greek at Pisa; passed the greater part of his life on the continent and settled in Florence, 1652.
John Price: '''John Price''' ([[1625]]7-[[1691]]), royalist; of Eton and King's College, Cambridge (fellow); MA., 1653 (incorporated at Oxford, 1680); D.D. per literat reyiat, 1661; attended Monck as chaplain from 1664 to 1659, and was his confidant in the enterprise of the Restoration; his loyalty rewarded with several church preferments.
John Price: '''John Price''' ((. [[1736]]), architect : executed several buildings in London and the neighbourhood,
John Price: '''John Price''' ([[1773]]-[[1801]]), topographer : published works on Leominster (1796), Hereford (1796), Ludlow (1797), and Worcester (1799).
Price: '''Price''' j.iHNfl [[734]] iHlSXBodtey'* librarian- M.A. fi College, Oxford. 170; ! B.D., 1768 jSjSJof A in, 1767,sub-librarin. 1761. acting librarian 1766 SSv aSf? 1 * Ubnritn 17Wt fluin * * taS-fct i* forty-five yean. # ( xlvL w j
Joshua Price: '''Joshua Price''' (Jl. [[1716]]-[[1717]]). glass-painter bn.tl.rr.if William Price the elder (rf. 1721) q. vA wit h whom be worked at Oxford.
Laurence: '''Laurence''' (. [[162]]*-16M*X writer of Ten* on political or social subject*. pSviW)
Owen Price: '''Owen Price''' (d. [[1671]]), schoolmaster and authorof Je-us College, Oxford; bead-nuttterTMIaJenConSe 5...... i. 5* li;;; ":-i " iSiSSn SE quently taught in Devonshire and near Abingdon publish*! two work, on orthography.
Richard Price: '''Richard Price''' (17J3-[[1791]]X nonconformist minister and writer on morals, politic,, and economics: officiated in various dissenting congregation* nnhllihsrt ("1766) bis best-known work, aRevleToftbe Principal Question* in Morals(rofwwll directed i financial and political questions, ad rocatinir the reduction of the national debt, 1771, and attacWng tbejosttcfand policy of the American war, 1776; the intimate friend ol Franklin and (1778) Invited by congress to transfer himself to America: denounced by Burke for hU approbation of the French revolution.
Richard Price: '''Richard Price''' ([[1790]]-[[1833]]), philologist and antiquary; barrister, Middle Temple, 1830; practised as a barrister tnd assisted Henry Petrie in hU edition of the Saxon Chronicle
Robert Price: '''Robert Price''' ( [[1655]]-1 [[783]]), judge : of 8t John's College, Cambridge: barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1679; tory M.P. for Weobley, 1685-7, 1690-1700, and 1701-2; made a baron of the exchequer, 1702.
Sampson Price: '''Sampson Price''' ([[1585]]-[[1630]]), divine ; brother of Daniel Price; of Hart Hall and Exeter College, Oxford; M.A. Hart Hall, 1608: D.D. Exeter College, Oxford, 1617: became a noted preacher in Oxford and chaplain in ordinary to James I and Charles I.
Theodore Price: '''Theodore Price''' ([[1670]] 7-[[1631]] X prebendary of Westminster; M.A. All Souls College, Oxford, 1691; fellow of Jesus College, Oxford; D.D. New College, Oxford, 1614; held many ecclesiastical preferments through the favour of Williams and Laud; denounced by Prynue asan unpreachiug epicure and ait Arminiau
Price: '''Price''' or PRT8, THOMAS (Jl. [[1586]]-[[1632]]X captain and Welsh poet; eldest son of Ellis Price; though a gentleman of plentiful fortune followed a seafaring life for many years. His literary works in prose and verse are in manuscript in the British Museum.
Thomas Price: '''Thomas Price''' ([[1599]]-[[1685]]), archbishop of Cashel ; fellow of Trinity College, Dublin, 1626; M.A., 1618; bishop of Kildare, 1660-7, of Cashel, 1667-86.
Thomas Pbice: '''Thomas Pbice''' ([[1787]]-[[1848]]), Welsh historian ; best known asCarnhuanawc became vicar of Llanfihangel Cwmdu, 1826; commence! the great work of bis life ( 1H36), Hanes Cymru a compilation of Welsh history in Welsh, and for many years the most trustworthy history of Wales, which appeared in fourteen parts, and was completed in 1842.
Sir Uvedale Price: '''Sir Uvedale Price''' , first baronet ([[1747]]-[[1829]]), writer on the picturesque; of Eton and Christ Church, Oxford; came into a considerable fortune on bis father's death in 1761; developed his views on garden landscape in An Essay on the Picturesque 1794, in which be argued in favour of natural beauty; converted the age to bis views according to Scott, who studied the work; created baronet, 1828: resided at Poxley in Herefordshire, and laid out his estate in accordance with his principles.
William Price: '''William Price''' ([[1697]]-[[1646]]), divine; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1619; B.D., 1628; first reader in moral philosophy at Oxford on Thomas White's foundation. 16211629; rector of Dolgelly, 1681-46.
Price: '''Price''' 1070
Priestley: '''Priestley'''
William Peicb: '''William Peicb''' (J. [[1666]]), divine: one of the divines pastor of the presbyteriau church * t MM
William Prick: '''William Prick''' , the elder (d. 17M), glass-painter ; executed some work at Oxford, including (1700) the great eaftt window of Merton OhapeL
William Price: '''William Price''' , the younger (. [[1765]]), glassP.-UIIUT wn (.liwhua I'rioe: filled several window* in Westminster Abbey, at Winchester College, ami at New College, Oxford.
William Price: '''William Price''' ([[1780]]-[[1830]]), orientalist : served in India as an interpreter; on his return to England devoted himself to literary pursuits; published several Penian translations and other works.
Richards Prichard: '''Richards Prichard''' , or RHISIART. EVAN (1770-1832), Welsh poet; usually called IKUAN LLKYX: successively excise officer and schoolmaster; a versatile writer in all forms of Welsh verse.

[edit] Section 1132

Jambs Oowlbs Prichard: '''Jambs Oowlbs Prichard''' ([[1786]]-[[1848]]), physician and ethnologist; studied at St. Thomas's Hospital, London: M.D. Edinburgh, 1808: possessed great knowledge of modern Greek and Spanish; began to practise medicine at Bristol, 1810; published * Researches as to the Physical History of Man the fruit of his studies in ethnology, 1818, andTreatise on Insanity and other Disorders affecting the Mind 1836 (long the standard work on this branch of medicine), developing in it his theory of moral insanity apart from serious intellectual derangement; M.D. by diploma, Oxford, 1835; in hisNatural History of Man 1843, sustained the opinion that the races of man are varieties of one species; made a commissioner of lunacy, 1846; F.R.S.
Rhys Prichard: '''Rhys Prichard''' or RICE ([[1579]]-[[1644]]), Welsh religious poet; M.A. Jesus College, Oxford, 1626: became vicar of Uandiugad, 1602, prebendary of Brecon, 1614, and chancellor of St. David's, 1626. The last edition of his poems, none of which were published till after his death, appeared in 1867.
Robert Pricke: '''Robert Pricke''' (fl. [[1669]]-[[1698]]), engraver ; kept a shop at Oripplegate, London; published architectural works, mostly translated from the French,
Robert Pricket: '''Robert Pricket''' (Jl. [[1603]]-[[1646]]), poet ; saw some military service, and afterwards worked as a verse-writer and pamphleteer; took holy orders (c. 1606) and obtained gome preferment in Ireland, whence he was driven by the rebellion of 1641.
John Pridden: '''John Pridden''' ([[1758]]-[[1825]]), antiquary; of St. Paul's School, London, and Queen's College, Oxford; B.A., 1781; held a number of small ecclesiastical preferments at various times; was at once an antiquary, an amateur artist, an architect, and a philanthropist; F.S.A., 1785.
Thomas Pride: '''Thomas Pride''' (d. [[1658]]), soldier; entered the parliamentary army as captain, and commanded Harley's regiment at Naaeby, 1645; active on behalf of the army against parliament, and in 1648, in order to frustrate the intended agreement with Charles I, prevented about 130 members from entering the House of Commons Pride's Purge; a commissioner for the trial of Charles I, signing the death-warrant, 1649; commanded a brigade at Duubar, 1650; fought at Worcester, 1651; opposed Cromwell's appointment as king, but accepted a seat in his upper bouse.
Sir Kdm Prideaux: '''Sir Kdm Prideaux''' i INIX ,. [[1669]]), lawyer and politician: M.A. Cambridge (incorporated at Oxford, 1625): barrister. Inner Temple, 1623, and was returned as M.P. for Lyme Regis to the Long parliament, when he opposed Charles I; solicitor-general, 1648-9; attorney-general, 1649-49; made important reforms in the postal service, with which be was connected for many years.
Frederick Prideaux: '''Frederick Prideaux''' ([[1817]]-[[1891]]), * conveyancer; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1840; author of the standard treatise,Precedents in Conveyancing 1858 (16th edit. 1895), and other works.
Humphrey Prideaux: '''Humphrey Prideaux''' ([[1648]]-[[1724]]), orientalist ; of Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford; M.A 1876; D.D., 1686; became a canon of Norwich, J81, arodeaoon of Suffolk, 1688, dean of Norwich, 1702714. His literary reputation rents on hisLife of w.. k. ritten M a the deists, and worthless as a biography, and on his Old and New Testament connected, in the History of the Jews and Neighbouring Nations (1716-18), a work of great value in the author's day.
John Prideaux: '''John Prideaux''' ([[1578]]-[[1650]]), bishop of Worcester; fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, 1601; M.A., 1603; D.D., 1612: rector of Exeter College, Oxford, 1612-42; regius professor of divinity, 1615-41; vice-chancellor of Oxford University, 1619-21, 1624-G, and 1641-3; bishop of Worcester, 1641; maintained himself in his sec until the end of the war, when he took refuge with his son-inlaw, Henry Sutton, rector of Bredon; published logical and theological works, the latter showing a dislike of Arminianism.
John Prideaux: '''John Prideaux''' ([[1718]]-[[1759]]), brigadier-general ; entered the army, 1739; colonel, 55th foot, 1758; killed in Canada while conducting the siege of Fort Niagara, an outpost of the French.
Matthias Prideaux: '''Matthias Prideaux''' ([[1622]]-[[1646]]?), royalist; son of John Prideaux (1578-1650); fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, 1641; M.A., 1645; obtained the rank of captain in Charles I's service.
Joseph Priestley: '''Joseph Priestley''' ([[1733]]-[[1804]]), theologian and man of science; eldest child of Jonas Priestley, a Yorkshire cloth-dresser; adopted by his father's sister, Sarah Keighley, a strong Oalviuist; educated at Batley grammar school and at Heckmondwike, and (1751) entered Daventry academy under Caleb Ashworth to study for the presbyterian ministry; engaged (1755) as assistant and successor to John Meadows (1676-1757) , presbyterian minister at Needham Market; after a little time rejected the atonement, the inspiration of the sacred text, and other doctrines; became minister at Nantwich, 1758, and (1761) tutor in languages and belles-lettres at Warrington academy; hon. LL.D. Edinburgh, 1764; F.R.S., 1766; became minister of Mill Hill Chapel, Leeds, 1767; publishedAn Essay on Government 1768, containing the sentence to which Jeremy Beutham considered himself indebted for the phrase the greatest happiness of the greatest number; librarian or literary companion of the Earl of Shelburne, 1772-80: published his Examination of Scottish Philosophy his first effort in psychology, 1774: began to enunciate (1775) his doctrine of the homogeneity of man, which brought on him the imputation of atheism; elected an associate of the French Academy of Sciences soon after 1772, member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences at St. Petersburg, 1780; elected junior minister of the New Meeting, Birmingham, 1780; published (1782) the best known, though not the best, of his theological writings, his History of the Corruptions of Christianity which was burned by the common hangman at Dort hi 1786; ultimately rejected the doctrine of the infallibility of Christ, publishing his History of Early Opinions concerning Jesus Christ 1786; involved in a controversy with Samuel Horsley, which lasted till 1790; produced (1790) the first instalment of his General History of the Christian Church; intended (July 1791) to be present at a dinner of the Constitutional Societyof Birmingham to commemorate the fall of the Bastille; his house at Fairhill wrecked, and nearly all his books, papers, and apparatus destroyed in consequence by the crowd, which had assembled to molest the guests; received insufficient compensation; resolved to settle in London, and in November 1791 was elected morning preacher at the Gravel Pit, Hackney; found that his opinions rendered life in England uncomfortable, and emigrated to New York, 1794; settled at Northumberland, Pennsylvania, where he died; adopted in America a doctrine of universal restitution He is most generally remembered as a man of science, and chiefly as a chemist, the discoverer of oxygen. In hisHistory of Electricity(1767) he anticipated the suggestion that the law of electric attraction is that of the inverse square, and explained the formation of rings (since known as Priestley's rings) when a discharge takes place on a metallic surface. He also attacked the problem of conduction, studied gases, and by the use of mercury in the pneumatic trough was able to deal for the first time with gases soluble in water. In 1774 he obtained what he termed dephlogisticated air afterwards named oxygen by Lavoisier, a discovery which was the germ of the modern science of chemistry, but owing to his blind faith in the phlogistic theory, its significance was lost on him. Ouvier has styled hint u futher of modern chemistry
Priestley: '''Priestley''' 1071
Prinsep: '''Prinsep''' who never would acknowledge his daughter. ellaneous Works 'Theological and Hi* were edited in i x volume* ( 1817-88) by John Towil Kutt His scientific works and memoir* are numerous, but have never been collected.
Timothy Priestley: '''Timothy Priestley''' ([[1734]]-1HU), independent minister: younger brother of Joneph Priestley q. v.): pastor at Kipping, Yorkshire, 1780-8, at Hunter** Oroft, Manchester, 1788-84, at Dublin, 1784-6, and at Jewin Stiwt, London, 1786-1814; published reUgiou* work*.
Priestley: '''Priestley''' sm VILLIAMOVBRBND([[1829]]-[[1900]]X physician: great nephew of Joseph Priestley; edueaU-d at King College, London, Paria, And Edinburgh University: M.R.C.S. England, 1862; M.D. Edinburgh, 1863; lecturer on midwifery at Middlesex Hospital, 1858; F.K.C.S. Edinburgh, 1858; professor of obstetric medicine, King's College, London, and obstetric physician to Knur's College Hospital, London, 1882-73; F.R.O.P. London, 1864: Lumleiau lecturer, 1887, and censor, 1891-2: knighted, 1893: conservative M.I for universities of Edinburgh and St. Andrews, 1896; published medical works.
John Prtestman: '''John Prtestman''' ([[1806]]-[[1866]]), Quaker; entered buslnes* a* a corn-miller, but commenced a* a manufacturer of worsted goods: was active in philanthropic enterprise, his treatment of his mill-hands, chiefly women and girls, being so successful in derating them, that his works became known as Lady Mills.*
John Prime: '''John Prime''' ([[1550]]-[[1596]]), divine : of Winchester College; fellow of New College, Oxford, 1570-91; M.A., 1576; D.D., 1588; rector of Adderbury, 1587-96: published two treatises and some volumes of sermons,
Sir Archibald Primrose: '''Sir Archibald Primrose''' , first baronet, LORD
Carkin: '''Carkin''' 'OTOX ([[1616]]-[[1679]]), Scottish judge; eon of James Primrose (. 1641); joined Montrose and (1646) was condemned for treason: after his release joined Charles II and was made a baronet in 1661 during the march to Worcester; his property sequestrated after the battle; appointed at the Restoration lord clerk register, and (1661) lord of session, a lord of exchequer, and a member of the privy council; principal author of the Isnntanry Act; removed (1676) from the office of lord clerk register and appointed justice-general, of which office he was deprived in 1678.
Archibald Primrose: '''Archibald Primrose''' , first VISCOUNT ROBB-
Bkky: '''Bkky''' and flrst EARL or ROSEBERY ([[1661]]-[[1723]]), son of Sir Archibald Primrose, lord Oarrington; opposed the policy of James II; M.P., Edinburgh county (Scottish parliament), 1695; created Viscount Rosebsry, 1700; created an earl on the accession of Queen Anne; Scottish representative peer, 1707, 1708, 1710, and 1713; a commissioner for the union with England.
Sir Archibald John Primrose: '''Sir Archibald John Primrose''' , fourth EARL OP ROSKBKRY and sixth baronet (1783-1868), great grandson of Archibald Primrose, flrst earl of Rosebery; M.A. Pembroke College, Cambridge, 1804: M.P., Helston, 1806-6, Cashel, 1806-7; succeeded to earldom, 1814; hon. D.O.L. Cambridge, 1819; created Baron Rosebery (British peerage), 1828; privy councillor, 1831; supported the Reform Bill of 1832; F.R.S.; K.T., 1840. He was grandfather of the present and fifth Lord Hosebery.
Gilbert Primrose: '''Gilbert Primrose''' ([[1580]]7-[[1641]]), divine; MJL St. Andrews; D.D. Oxford, 1625; became a minister of the French reformed church at Bordeaux, 1603: compelled to quit France on the prohibition to ministers of other nations to officiate, 1623: subsequently became a minister of the French church in London; canon of Windsor, 1629.

[edit] Section 1133

Jambs Primrose: '''Jambs Primrose''' (*. [[1641]]), clerk of the privy council of Scotland; appointed clerk for life, 1699.
Primrose: '''Primrose''' or PRIMER08E, JAMES (d. [[1659]]), physician; son of Gilbert Primrose; born at St. Jean d'Angely; M.D. Montpellier, 1617 (incorporated at Oxford, 1628): settled in Hull; published medical treatises.
John Prince: '''John Prince''' ([[1643]]-[[1723]]), author of 'Worthies of Devon: B.A. Brasenose College, Oxford, 1664; M.A. Cains College, Cambridge, 1676; vicar of Berry Pomeroy, 1681-1723; remembered by hisDamnonii Orientates Illustres better known as the Worthies of Devon 1701 (2nd edit. 1810).
John Critohley Prince: '''John Critohley Prince''' (1W8-18MX post: practised reed-making at Wigan: began to write Tens* to 1827; published (1840)Hour* with the Moss*(6th edit, 1867); fell into dissipated habits.
John Hbnry Prince: '''John Hbnry Prince''' (. [[1794]]-[[1818]]), author: started life an an erm a solicitor clerk awl a metbodlst minister: miscellaneous works.
Martin Prino: '''Martin Prino''' ([[1680]]-[[1626]]?), ssft-oaptaln : after making three expeditions to America, entered the service of the Bast India Company, 1608; became general of the company's MUDS, 1619; fell under the displeasure of the company for fraternising with the Dutch, and Joined the Virginia Company in 1621.
Andrew Prinole: '''Andrew Prinole''' , LORD AUEMOOR Scottish judge; named Scottish solicitor-general, 1766; lord of session as Lord Akmoor. 1769. He had an unrivalled reputation AS a lawyer and pleader,
Georgb Prinole: '''Georgb Prinole''' ([[1631]]-[[1689]]X covenanter: fought against Cromwell at Dunbar, 1660: made his peace with Cromwell, 1655, and in 1662 accepted Charles IfVpardon; Implicated in the Rye House plot, 1683, after which he fled to Holland; aider! in Argyll t expedition and retained to Scotland after the revolution; member of the Convention parliament
Sir John Prinole: '''Sir John Prinole''' , baronet ([[1707]]-[[1782]]), physician: nephew of Sir Walter Pringle; studied medicine at Leyden (M.D., 1730), and settled in Edinburgh as a physician; joint-professor of pneumatics (metaphysics) and moral philosophy at Edinburgh University, 1734-44; resigned his professorship on being to the forces in Flanders, 1748; F.R.C.P., 1763; given 1,1774; appointed physician-general 1744; settled in London. 1 baronetcy, 1766; became physician to George III, attained a position of great influence in scientific ci and (1772) was elected president of the Royal Society. His great work in life was the reform of military medicine and sanitation. His book, Observations on the Diseases of the Army (1752), attained a European reputation, and has become a military classic.
Robert Prinole: '''Robert Prinole''' (rf. [[1736]]), politician ; brother of Sir Walter Pringle; studied at Leyden; took service under William of Orange, and was appointed undersecretary of state for Scotland; secretary at war, 1718.
Thomas Prinole: '''Thomas Prinole''' ([[1789]]-[[1834]]), Scottish poet; studied at Edinburgh University; was permanently lamed by an accident in infancy: gained the friendship of Scott by a contribution to Hogg'sPoetic Mirror* (1816); obtained by Scott's influence a grant of land in South Africa for his father and brothers, 1819; became librarian at Cape Town, but ruined his prospects by publishing two violent political papers, which were suppressed by the governor; returned to London and becai secretary to the Anti-Slavery Society; published merides 1828, andSouth African Sketches 1834.
Walter Prinole: '''Walter Prinole''' ([[1625]]-[[1667]]), covenanter ; fought against Cromwell at Dunbar; imprisoned for refusing the oath of allegiance, 1664.
Sir Walter Prinole: '''Sir Walter Prinole''' , LORD Nuwn ALL ([[1664]]?1736), Scottish judge: great-nephew of Walter Pringle ; lord of session as Lord Xewhall, 1718: knighted and made a lord of justiciary, 1718.
Charles Robert Prinsep: '''Charles Robert Prinsep''' ([[1789]]-[[1864]]), economic writer: M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1814; barrister. Inner Temple, 1817: was advocate-general of Bengal: created LL.D., 1824; author of an Essay on Money 1818.
Henry Thoby Prinsep: '''Henry Thoby Prinsep''' ([[1792]]-[[1878]]), Indian civil servant; brother of Charles Robert Prinsep; entered the service of the East India Company in Bengal, 1807; published (1823) a History of Transactions in India during the Administration of the Marquis of Hastings the best narrative of the events of the time; appointed Persian secretary to the government, 1820; became a member of the council, 1836, retiring, 1843; nominated on the council of India, 1868, retaining hfe seat till 1874. His writings on Indian subjects were Important; especial value attaches to his autobiographical sketch of his official life, written in 1866.
Prinsep: '''Prinsep''' 1072
Procter: '''Procter'''
Jambs Prinsep: '''Jambs Prinsep''' (17W-[[1840]]), architect and orienteaSt brother of Charles Robert I'rinsep; M assistant assay- master at the Calcutta mint, 1819, wlaaT-master 1883: executed several important IwThltectural works in India, besides completing the 1.:.MM. n.utbori* ***
Wqu: '''Wqu''' lvlrs*.
Sir Jambs Prior: '''Sir Jambs Prior''' ([[1790]]?-[[1869]]X miscellaneous entered the navy as a surgeon, and wrote acwhich were published (1820) in the "became deputy-inspector of hospitals, 1843; JwVchief works biographies of Burke ( 1824) airi Goldsmith (1887).
Matthew Prior: '''Matthew Prior''' ([[1664]]-[[1721]]), poet and diplomatist- educated at Westminster School, under the patronage of Lord Dorset (king's scholar, 1681); obUineda fellowship at St. John's College, Cambridge, 1688, having graduated B.A. 16H6; appointed secretary to the at the Hague; was employal (1697) as secre tary In the negotiations at the treaty of Ryswick: M.P., East GriusteyL. 1701: joined the tories, 1702: made a commissioner of customs, 1711: proceeded to Pans to negotiate peace, 1711, the subsequent treaty of Utrecht (1718) being popularly known asMart's peace: became plenipotentiary at Paris, 1712: recalled on Queen Anne's death, and (1716) imprisoned: a folio edition of his poems (1719) brought out bv his admirers after his release (1717), by which he gained four tlwusand guineas: given by Lord Harley 4.000., for the purchase of Down Hall in Essex, where he resided till his death. He is one of the neatest of English epigrammatists, and in occasional pieces and i has no rival in English. Among his poems may be mentioned The Town and Country Mouse an answer to Drvden's Hind and Panther Alma, or the Program of the Mind The Secretary The Female Phaeton To a Child of Quality andThe Conversation His irks are of slight importance.
Thomas Prior: '''Thomas Prior''' ([[1682]] ?-[[1761]]), founder of the Dublin Society and philanthropist: B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1708 -."devoted himself to the promotion of material and industrial works among the Irish protestants; established the Dublin Society for the promotion of agriculture, manufactures, art*, and sciences, 1731.
Thomas Abiel Prior: '''Thomas Abiel Prior''' ([[1809]]-[[1886]]), line-engraver : executed a number of plates after Joseph Mallonl William Tamer: resided at Calais in later life.
Pri: '''Pri''' 80T, SIR JOHN (rf. [[1460]]), judge : serjeant-atlaw, 1443: made chief- justice of the common bench, 1449: knighted: assisted Sir Thomas Littleton (1402-1481) in compiling his tenures.
Andrew Pritchard: '''Andrew Pritchard''' ([[1804]]-[[1882]]), microscopist : in business as a London optician till 1852: early turned his attention to microscopy and wrote extensively: his History of Infusoria(1841) long a standard work.

[edit] Section 1134

Charles Pritchard: '''Charles Pritchard''' ([[1808]]-[[1893]]), astronomer ; of Merchant TaylorsSchool and Christ's Hospital, London: fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1832; M.A., 1883: turned his attention to educational reform, on which the Clapham grammar school was founded to give him an opportunity, 1834; head-master of Clapham grammar school, 1 884-62: had a small observatory at Clapham, where he did some useful astronomical work; Hulsean lecturer at Cambridge, 1867: became Savilian professor of astronomy at Oxford, 1870; a new observatory in the 1 Parks where his chief work was accomplished, especially in stellar photometry, erected through his initiative": invented the wedge-photometer to obviate discordances in estimate* of the brightness of various stars, 1881; fellow of New College, Oxford, 1883: member of the council of tho Hoyal Society, 1885-7; wrote numerous astronomical pnper* and scientific articles, and also gave much attention to the relations of science and religion.
Edward William Pritchard: '''Edward William Pritchard''' ([[1826]]-[[1865]]), poisoner: practised as a surgeon at Glasgow; M.D. Kriangen; poisoned his wife and mother-in-law with deMi of antimony, 1865: tried, found guilty, and executed tn front of Glasgow gaol. He published several works, many papers on medical subjects.
George Pritchard: '''George Pritchard''' ([[1796]]-[[1883]]), missionary and consul at Tahiti: settled in the Society islands, 1824, which were annexed by France in spite of his protests, 1843; compelled to leave the islands, 1844: subsequently lived in retirement in England.
Hannah Pritchard: '''Hannah Pritchard''' ([[1711]]-[[1768]]), actress; nte Vaughau; man led a poor actor in early life; appeared at Bartholomew Fair, London, and at the Haymarket, London, 1733; played nt Drury Lane, London, 1734 to 1740-1, appearing in a wide range of characters, chiefly comic; afterwards appeared chiefly at Drury Lane, London, and Covent Garden, London; last appeared, April 1768. She was held the greatest Lady Macbeth of her day, and the Queen in Hamlet. Estifania, and Doll Common were also among her greatest parts.
Hknhy Baden Pritchard: '''Hknhy Baden Pritchard''' ([[1841]]-[[1884]]), chemist and writer; son of Andrew Pritchard; conducted the photographic department at the Royal Arsenal, Woolwich; published novels and other works.
John Langford Pritchard: '''John Langford Pritchard''' ([[1799]]-[[1850]]). actor; first appeared at Bath, 1820, as Captain Absolute; joined Murray's company at Edinburgh, 1823, and (1835) made his first appearance in London at Oovent Garden.
Pritchard: '''Pritchard''' or PRICHARD, Sm WILLIAM (16329-1705), lord mayor of London; amerchant taylor became sheriff, 1672; knighted, 1672; elected mayor as court candidate, 1682; took active measures against the whig party; M.P. for the city of London, 1702.
James Pigott Pritchett: '''James Pigott Pritchett''' ([[1789]]-[[1868]]), architect; practised in York, where he and his partner, Watson, had almost a monopoly of the architectural work in Yorkshire.
Pritzler: '''Pritzler''' Rm THEOPHILUS (d. [[1839]]), Indian commander; entered the army, 1793; served in Holland, 1794-5; proceeded to India, c. 1814; took an important part in the third Mahratta war, 1817-18, with the rank of brigadier-general; K.O.B., 1822.
William Probert: '''William Probert''' ([[1790]]-[[1870]]), Unitarian minister: minister at Walmsley for over forty-eight years: an authority on Welsh laws.ami customs, and an orientalist of some ability.
Probus: '''Probus''' (rf. [[948]] ?), biographer of St. Patrick ; was the author of the first life of the saint to be printed (Basle, 1563). In it he falsified the earlier part of Patrick's life.
Granville Leveson Proby: '''Granville Leveson Proby''' , third EARL OP
Carysport: '''Carysport''' ([[1781]]-[[1868]]), admiral : son of Sir John Joshua Proby, first earl of Carysfort: entered the navy, 1798; present at the battles of the Nile and Trafalgar: admiral, 1857.
Sir John Proby: '''Sir John Proby''' , first BAROX OARTSPORT ([[1720]]1772), M.A. Jesus College, Cambridge, 1742"; M.P., Stamford, 1747, Huntingdonshire, 1754-68: made an Irish baron, 1752; Irish privy councillor; K.B., 1761: a lord of the admiralty, 1757 and 1763-5.
Sir John Joshua Proby: '''Sir John Joshua Proby''' , first EARL OP CARTS-
Port: '''Port''' and second BARON OARYSPORT ([[1751]]-[[1828]]), only son of Sir John Proby, first baron Carysfort; of Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge; M.A., 1770; P.R.S., 1779; appointed joint-guardian and keeper of the rolls in Ireland and created an Irish earl, 1789; M.P., East Looe, 1790, Stamford, June 1 790-1801; supported Pitt; created an English baron, 1801, and (February 1806) appointed joint postmaster-treneral, a post which he resigned in the following year; created D.O.L. Oxford, 1810, and LL.D. Cambridge, 1811; author of several tragedies, poems, and essays.
Sir Edmund Probyn: '''Sir Edmund Probyn''' ([[1678]]-[[1742]]), judge: of Christ Church, Oxford: barrister. Middle Temple, 1702; made a Welsh judge, 1721: defended the Earl of Macclesfield, 1726; became puisne judge of the king's bench, 1726; knighted, 1726: lord chief-baron of the exchequer, 1740.
Adelaide Ann Procter: '''Adelaide Ann Procter''' ([[1825]]-[[1864]]), poetess : eldest child of Bryan Waller Procter: contributed to theBook of Beautyin 1843, and afterward* to Dickens's periodicals, under the pseudonym Mary Berwick; took great interest in social questions affecting
Procter: '''Procter''' 1073
Prynne: '''Prynne''' enu were collected, 1868, mi-i.-r th- title 'Legend* iin.i i.rn (luth edit. 1866). M, Ir.mn- are still in use.
Bryan Waller Procter: '''Bryan Waller Procter''' ([[1787]]-[[1874]]), poet: 1 us a solicitor iu London, ami ultimately obtained a large connection as a conveyanoer; began to contribute to theLiterary Gazette,* 1816; intimate with Leigh Hunt, Charles Iwimb,: barrister and (1832 1861) a metropolitan commissioner in lunacy: produced a successful tragedy. Mirandola at Oovent Garden Theatre, London, under the p*eudon in of Barry Cornwall1881; songs published., 1832; published hi* biography of Charle* Lamb, his last Important work, 1864.
Richard Wright Procter: '''Richard Wright Procter''' ([[1816]]-[[1881]] ),antbor; u Manchester barber who published a number of works on Manchester.
John Proctor: '''John Proctor''' ([[1581]] T-[[1684]]), divine and historian; of Corpus Curisti and All Souls Colleges, Oxford; fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, 1*40; M.A., 1644; presented to the rectory of St. Andrew, Hoi born, Lomlon, 1678; published The Historic of Wyatas Rebellion 1544, and two other works.
Richard Anthony Proctor: '''Richard Anthony Proctor''' ([[1837]]-[[1888]]), astronomer: twenty-third wrangler, St. John's, Cambridge, 1860: kept terms at the Temple, but abandoned law for science; devoted himself, 1863, to the study of astronomy and mathematics; published, 1865, his celebrated monograph on * Saturn and his System and, 1866, his Handbook of the Star* which hardly paid expenses, but made his reputation; successfully lectured iu America from 1873; founded Knowledge a weekly scientific periodical, 1881 (after 1885 a monthly periodical); removed to Florida, 1887, and died of yellow fever in New York.
Thomas Proctor: '''Thomas Proctor''' (fl. [[1578]]-[[1584]]), poet; son of John Proctor; author or editor of several works, chiefly iu verse, including * A gorgious Gallery of gallant Inventions 1578.

[edit] Section 1135

Thomas Proctor: '''Thomas Proctor''' ([[1753]]-[[1794]] X historical painter and sculptor: exhibited at the Royal Academy from 1780; discovered by West subsisting in Clare Market, London, in great poverty; died of mental anguish and privation before measures could be taken for his relief,
Joseph Proud: '''Joseph Proud''' ([[1746]]-[[1826]]), minister of the 'Sow Church: became a general baptist minister, 1767, but (1788) accepted the opinion- of Sweden bprg and (1791) became a * new church minister at Birmingham; removed to Manchester, 1793, returning to Birmingham, 1794; went to London, 1797; again retunied to Birmingham, 1814, and retired, 1821; published theological works.
Father Prout: '''Father Prout''' (pseudonym). See MAIIONY,
Sylvbster Francis: '''Sylvbster Francis''' , [[1804]]-[[1866]].
John Prout: '''John Prout''' ([[1810]]-[[1894]]), agriculturist; brought up as a farmer; emigrated to Ontario, 1832; returned to England, 1842, and iu 1861 bought Blouut's farm, Sawbridgeworth, Hertfordshire, which he cultivated till his death. His scientific system of farming, based on his Canadian experience, was of great value to agriculturists.
John Skinner Prout: '''John Skinner Prout''' ([[1806]]-[[1876]]), water-colour painter; nephew of Samuel Prout; was a member of a little coterie of Bristol artiste, and subsequently member of the Institute of Painters iu Water-colours.
Samuel Prout: '''Samuel Prout''' ([[1783]]-[[1862]]), wuter-colour painter; began to exhibit scenes in the south-western counties in 1805, and contributed to Beauties of Kngland and Wales 1803-13; began iu 1818 the series of paintings of continental streets which made his fame; highly esteemed by Ruskiu.
William Prout: '''William Prout''' ([[1785]]-[[1850]]), physician and cheiniM: M.I). Edinburgh, 1811: L. R.C.I, 1H12: one of the jticnu vi - of physiological chemistry: discovered fret- hydrochloric acid iu the stomach, 1823. The view tint the atomic weight* of all the elements arc multiples of the atomic weight of hydrogen is known as 1rout's Iiw
Lord Provand: '''Lord Provand''' (. [[1593]]).
William Prowse: '''William Prowse''' ([[1752]] ?-[[1826]]), rear-admiral: entered the navy ae an able seaman, 1771: rated a midfhipxnau, 1778; became a commander, 1796, and saw much service In the French war; C.B., 1811; n: -;
William Jeffery Prowse: '''William Jeffery Prowse''' ([[1836]]-[[1870]]), humorist; developed a muarkabl. jmoron verse before the age of twenty; contributed to various periodical*. IncludingFun
Sir Francis Prujbak: '''Sir Francis Prujbak''' (16M-[[1666]]), physician; M.D. Gains College, Cambridge, l2f; practised in London from 16S8; president R.C.P., 16W-4; knighted, 1641.
Pryce: '''Pryce''' See also PRICK, PRTO, and PRYBR.)
George Pryce: '''George Pryce''' (1H01-[[1868]]), historian of BrUtol ; an accountant in BrUtol; F-S.A., 167; published teveral historical works relating to that city, including a Popular History of Bristol 1861.
William Pryce: '''William Pryce''' ([[1725]] 7-[[1790]]X antiquary; of i:!.,-:-.,!o., nrmiblcnsi* 1778, and Archs-otogia Cornu-Britanuica 1790.
Prydydd: '''Prydydd''' Y BYCHAJT (i.e. The Uttte Poet') (12UO-127U?), Welsh bard: his real name unknown; wrote a number of compositions, twenty-one of which are printed in Myvyrian Archalology
Prydydd: '''Prydydd''' Y MOOH (Jl. [[1160]]-[[1220]]). See LLY
Wau: '''Wau''' H AH LLYWKLYX.
Abraham Ik La Fryke: '''Abraham Ik La Fryke''' ([[1672]]-[[1704]]), antiquary ; B.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1694; F.R.S., 1702; wrote on the antiquities of Lincolnshire and Yorkshire. His diary was published by the Surtees Society (vol. liv.)
George Pryme: '''George Pryme''' ([[1781]]-[[1868]]), political economist; sixth wrangler, 1803; fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1806; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1806; began to If-ctiirv at Cambridge on political economy, 1816, and (1828) was , recognised as professor by the senate; whig M.P. fenCambridge, 1832-41; published several pamphlets and tr it-.,.
William Prynne: '''William Prynne''' (1 [[600]]-[[1669]] x puritan pamphleteer; educated at Bath grammar school anl nel College, Oxford; B.A., 1621; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1628; studied law, theology, and ecclesiastical antiquities; wrote against Arminiunism from 1627, and endeavoured to reform the manners of his age; published Hi-triomaBtix directed against stage-plays, 1632; for supposed aspersion on Charles I and his queen in Histriomastix was sentenced by Star-chamber, in 1634, to be imprisoned during life, to be fined 5,000*., and to lose both bis ears iu the pillory; continual to write in the Tower of London, and (lt37) was again fined 5,000*., deprived of the remainder of his ears, and branded on the cheeks: released by Long parliament, and hi* sentences declared illegal, November 1640; defended parliament in the press on the outbreak of war, and pursued Land with great animosity; after Laud's execution published by order of the parliament the first part of an account of the trial, entitled - Canterburies Doom 1646; devoted much attention to independency, which he detested as heartily as episcopacy; was equally opposed to the ascendency of the presbyterian clergy, his theory of ecclesiastical policy being thoroughly erastian: assailed the army in various pamphlets 1647, and (1648) attacked it in the House of Commons; arrested by Pride, November 1648; retired to Swanswick, January 1649, and began a paper war against the government, demonstrating that he was bound to pay taxes to the Commonwealth neither in conscience, law, nor prudence, for which government imprisoned him for nearly three years without trial; on his release (1658) drew a parallel between Cromwell and Richard III, and (May 1668) forced his way into the House of Commons, which could only get rid of him by adjournment; walked into parliament at the head of the members; readmitted by Monck, 1660; asserted the rights of Charles II with such boldness as to IK- styled tlic a to of the ageby a royalist, and was thanked by Charles II; M.P. for Bath in'thc Convention parliament, 1660: laboured zealously to restrict the Act of Indemnity and to dUlwiMl the army; opposed the thirty-nine articles, aud, in 1661, was reprimanded by the speaker for a speech against the Corporation Bill; appointed keeper of the records iu the Tower of London; puhlUhvd hid most valuable work, Brevia Parliamenturia Rediviva 1662. He published about Uo hundred books and pamphlets, 3z
Pbyor: '''Pbyor''' 1074
Pulcherius: '''Pulcherius'''
Pbto: '''Pbto''' a, ALFRED REGINALD ([[1839]]-[[1881]]), botaCollege, oxford, 1802; projected a E..V flora of his naUve county, Hertfordshire, which x-cu*1 the remainder of his life. HisFlora of Hertford hireappeared in 1887.
Pry: '''Pry''' 8 EDMUND ([[1541]]?-[[1624]]), translator of the Psalms Into Welsh verse; of St. John's College, CambridSr became archdeacon of Merioneth, 1576, and 1 of St Asaoh, 1602; bis translation of the Psalms,

[edit] Section 1136

Pry: '''Pry''' 8E, 8m CARBBRY, fourth baronet (J. [[1695]]), I mine-owner; formed a company to work mines discovered on hi* estate in Cardiganshire, which were afterwards ! exploited by Sir Humphry Mack wort j q.
Psalmanazar: '''Psalmanazar''' Impostor; a native of th iknown, bis usual desi , GEORGE (1679 ?-1763), literary the south of France; bis real name inown, s u designation being fashioned by himaelf from the biblical character, Shalmaneser; educated at a Dominican convent: commenced life as a mendicant, ml to insure alms styled himself a native Japanese Christian, but afterwards represented himself as still a mutan, lining on raw flesh, roots, and herbs; invented an elaborate alphabet and grammar and a worship of his own; enlisted in a regiment of the Duke of Mecklenburg, and attracted the attention of William Innes, chaplain to the Scottish regiment at Sluys, who became a confederate in the Imposture, baptized Psalmanazar as a protestant convert, and for security persuaded him to remove his birthplace to the obscurity of Formosa; came to London at the end of 1 703 and became a centre of interest, presenting Bishop Oompton with the catechism in Fonnosan (bU Invented language), ami being voluble in Latin to Archbishop Tillotson: silenced suspicion by never modifying a statement, and gained the sympathy of English churchmen by abuse of the Jesuits: published, 1704, Descrition of Formosa, with an introductory autobi , Description of Formosa, with an introductory autobiography: after the withdrawal of his mentor Innes, who was rewarded by being appointed chaplain-general of the forces in Portugal (c. 1707), was unable to sustain the imposture unaided, and passed from ridicule to obscurity, although he still found patrons; renounced his past life after a serious illness in 1728; became an accomplished hebraist, wrote A General History of Printing and contributed to the Universal History; was regarded with veneration by Dr. Johnson, who used to sit with him at an alehouse in Old Street, London. In 1764 appeared his autobiographical Memoirs containing an account of the imposture.
Francesco Pucci: '''Francesco Pucci''' ([[1640]]-[[1593]]?), theological writer; born in Florence, embraced reformed opinions, and came to Oxford, 1572 (admitted M.A., 1574), but wa? expelled, 1575; being an extreme Pelagian, encountered persecution in most countries in Europe; met John Dec and Edward KHley at Cracow, 1585, and was initiated into their trade of magic, but re-entered the Roman communion *hortly afterwards.
Richard Puckeridoe: '''Richard Puckeridoe''' ([[1690]]7-[[1769]]). See
Puckering: '''Puckering''' 8m HENRY ([[1618]]-[[1701]]). See
Nkwton: '''Nkwton'''
Puckering: '''Puckering''' Sin JOHN ([[1544]]-[[1596]]), lord keeper of the great seal; barrictur, Lincoln's Inn. 1M7 (governor, 1575): M.P., Carmarthen, 1584-tt, Gatton, 1586-7; i-ncakcr of the House of Commons, 1581-5 nnd 1586-7; made lord keeper and knighted, 1592.
Sir Thomas Puckering: '''Sir Thomas Puckering''' , first baronet ([[1592]]1636), politician: BOU of Sir John Puckering: M.P., Tainworth, 1621-8; created baronet, 1612; a companion of Henry, prince of Wale*.
James Puckle: '''James Puckle''' ([[1667]] ?-l [[724]]), author of ' The Clnb' ; notary nubile: remembered as the author of The Club, or a Dialogue between Father and Son, in rlno rerftas 1711 (latest reprint, 1890), a collection of character ketches of the class which Kurle brought to perfection in his * Micro-Cosmographie
Pud: '''Pud''' 8EY, HUGH UK ([[1125]] V-[[1195]]).
Ellis Pugh: '''Ellis Pugh''' ([[1656]]-[[1721]]), Welsh quaker ; eraipratt-l to Pennsylvania, 1686, and published Annerch i'r Cyuiry (1721), probably the first Welsh book printed in America.
Herbert Pugh: '''Herbert Pugh''' (f. [[1758]]-1 [[788]]), landscape-painter ; exhibited at the Society of Artists, 1766-76.
Philip Pugh: '''Philip Pugh''' ([[1679]]-[[1760]]), dissenting minister ; for many years pastor at Cilgwyn.
Robert Pugh: '''Robert Pugh''' ([[1609]]-[[1679]]), Roman catholic controversialist; educated at the Jesuitscollege at St. Omer under the name of Robert Phillips; served in the army of Charles I, and engaged in frequent controversy; committed to Newgate, 1678, during the popish plot panic; died in prison.
William Owen Pughe: '''William Owen Pughe''' , known in early life as
Owkn William: '''Owkn William''' ([[1769]]-[[1835]]), Welsh antiquary and lexicographer; was occupied for twenty years (1783-1803) in preparing and publishing a Welsh-English dictionary abridged, 1806; new editions, 1832 and 1857), which is still the most complete in existence: F.S.A., 1793; given the Oxford D.O.L., 1822: published (1801-3) the Myvyrian Archaiology of Wales (reprinted, 1870); assumed the surname of Pughe, 1806; published a Welsh version of Paradise Lost 1819.
Augustus Charles Pugin: '''Augustus Charles Pugin''' ([[1762]]-[[1832]]), architect, archaeologist, and architectural artist; born in France; came to London, c. 1798; employed by John Nash in making drawings of Gothic buildings; had little practice, but became famous as an educator of young architects, particularly his own son; paved the way for the real revival of Gothic architecture which followed the Strawberry-Hill enthusiasm.
Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin: '''Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin''' ([[1812]]1852), architect, ecclesiologist, and writer; son of Augustus Charles Pugin; educated at Christ's Hospital, London, and trained by his father; inherited a remarkable facility in draughtsmanship; obtained a regular practice, partly through the patronage of the Earl of Shrewsbury; published hisGothic Furniture 1835, andContrasts 1836, the latter an attack on thePagan method of architecture; employed (1836-43) by (Sir) Charles Barry in providing the detail drawings for the houses of parliament; published True Principles of Pointed or Christian Architecture 1841. after which his ecclesiastical practice became very extensive; lost his reason from exee of work, 1851, and, after confinement in Bedlam, died at Ramsgate. His reputation lies chiefly in his chronological position as a Gothic architect.
Edward Welby Pugin: '''Edward Welby Pugin''' ([[1834]]-[[1875]]), architect; son of Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin: found himself with the control of a large practice at the age of seventeen, owing to his father's failing health; practised for fourteen years, a very large number of works, chiefly Roman catholic churches, being entrusted to him.
Ptjiset: '''Ptjiset''' or PUDSEY, HUGH rK ([[1125]] ?-l [[195]]), bishop of Durham and earl of Northumberland; probably came to England under the protection of his uncle, Henry of Blois, bishop of Winchester; became treasurer of York, 1143, and (1153) was chosen bishop of Durham: excommunicated by Pope Alexander III for attending the coronation of Henry IT's son, 1170; contrived on the whole to keep aloof from the quarrel between Henry II and Thomas Hecket; took a somewhat prominent part in public affairs during the latter part of Henry II's reign, and on the accession of Richard I purchased theenrldpm of Northumberland: made justiHar as colleague of William de Mandarine, third earl of Essex, 1189; his jurisdiction confined to north of the Hnmber after the chief justiciarship had been bestowed on William of Longchamp, 1190; arrested by Longchamp and compelled to acknowledge his authority; after Longrhamp's deposition resisted the authority of Geoffrey (. 1212) , ar.-hbishop of York, but (1 192) was compelled to make bis submission; fell under Richard I's displeasure, 1194, and was compelled to surrender his earldom: still engaged in the endeavour to obtain its restoration at his death. Although not himself a man of learning, he was a munificent patron of learning in others.
Pulcherius: '''Pulcherius''' (rf. [[655]]).
Puleston: '''Puleston'''
Ion: '''Ion'''
Punshon: '''Punshon'''
Puleston: '''Puleston''' ur PULISTON. HA.VI1.. political writer: nephew of Julm Puleotou fq. v.; M A. Wadhaui College, Uxfonl, 1863; fellow of Jesus Oolkge, Oxfonl: published a royaliet treatise, Monarch!* Britanulcaj siusularis ProtecticV 1660.

[edit] Section 1137

Puleston: '''Puleston''' JoHNc. [[1659]]), judge; read.Temple, 1634; appointed by parliament a judge of commou pleas, 1649; his patent uot renewed In 1663.
Pullayne Pullain: '''Pullayne Pullain''' , or PULLXYJTX, JOHN (1517-1665), divine and poet; M.A. New CoUeg1644; senior student of Christ Church, Oxford, 1547; I. I*. 1663; became rector of 8k Peter's, Goruuill, London, 1663, but wan deprived on Queen Mary accession: went to Geneva, but regained his rectory on Queen Elizabeth's OQBMicii. holding it till 1660; arcbdeacou of Colchester, 1669: prebendary of St. Paul's Cathedral, 1661; author of metrical renderings of the 148th and 149th psalms.
Richard Popplewell Pullan: '''Richard Popplewell Pullan''' ([[1826]]-[[1888]]), architect and arolueologlst: became an early convert to mediiBvalism, and was employed by (Sir) Charles Thomas Newton and by the Society of Dilettanti in making excavations at HalicunuuHus. Cuidii*, and other places, from works of William 1867; completed all the unfinished works Barges
Pullein: '''Pullein'''
Josiah Pullen: '''Josiah Pullen''' ([[1631]]-[[1714]]), vice-principal of Wafrtaton Hall, Oxford; M.A. Oxford, 1667; vice-principal of Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1667-1714; long remembered for his eccentricities.
Robert Pullen: '''Robert Pullen''' (d. [[1147]]V), philosopher, theologian, and cardinal; studied at Oxford, and is the second master known to have taught in the schools there; subsequently taught at Paris; archdeacon of Rochester, 1134 and 1143; in his later yean settled at Home, where he was probably created a cardinal by Pope Ooclestine II; chancellor of the holy Roman church, 1145 and 1146; an upholder of the orthodox conservative cause against the Abelardian influence. His Sermones are preserved in manuscript at Lambeth.
Pullein Pullen: '''Pullein Pullen''' , or PULLEYNE, SAMUEL (1598-1667), archbishop of Tuam: M.A. Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, 1623; accompanied Ormonde to Ireland as private chaplain, 1632, and soon obtained preferment; escaped to England on the outbreak of rebellion in 1041; archbishop of Tuam, 1661-7.
Pullen: '''Pullen''' or PULLEIN, SAMUEL (ft. [[1734]]-[[1760]]), writer on the silkworm: probably a grandson of Tobias Pullen; M.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1738; interested himself in introducing the cultivation of silk into the American colonies, and published several treatises on the subject.
Tobias Pullen: '''Tobias Pullen''' ([[1648]]-[[1713]]), successively bishop of Cloyue and of Dromore: probably a nephew of Samuel Pullen (1598-1667); D.D. Trinity College, Dublin, 1668: fellow, 1671-7; created bishop of Cloyne, 1694, and translated to Dromore, 1695; published one or two sermons and pamphlets.
William John Samuel Pullen: '''William John Samuel Pullen''' ([[1813]]-[[1887]]), vice-admiral: lieutenant. 1846; engaged in Arctic exploration; vice-admiral, 1879.
Puller: '''Puller''' Sm CHRISTOPHER ([[1774]]-[[1824]]), barristerat-law; of Eton and Christ Church, Oxford: B.A., 1796: fellow of Queen's College, Oxford: barrister, Inner Temple, 1800: bencher, Lincoln's Inn, 1822: became chief-justice of Bengal, 1823; knighted, 1823.
Timothy Puller: '''Timothy Puller''' ([[1638]] V-[[1693]]), divine: M.A. Jesus College, Cambridge, 1660 (incorporated at Oxfonl, 1661); D.D., 1678; fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge, 1657; student of Gray's Inn, 1658: author ofThe Moderation of the Church of England 1679 (reprinted, 1843).
Alexander Pulling: '''Alexander Pulling''' ([[1813]]-[[1895]]), serjeant-atlaw and legal author: educated at Merchant Taylors School, London; barrister. Inner Temple, 1843: one of the lust surviving members of the Ancient Order of Serjeauts-at-Law; publishedThe Order of tin- Coif (1884) and other works.
Gborob Philip Hignby Pulman: '''Gborob Philip Hignby Pulman''' ([[181]]-l*8u). antiquary; publishedThe Book of the Axe(1841) and other works on local topography and antiquiu*.
Dan Pulteney: '''Dan Pulteney''' 1KL d. 17JI), (xlviL 24 (. 17S1X politic., Christ Church, Oxford: Ml-, Tn*ony, March 1721. Hedon, November 17*1, Proton, 17*3-11: became a lord of the admiralty under Walpole, 1721; hated Walpofe. and was a follower of Bunderlaod, Having married the sister of Sunderlaud's third wife.
Pultz: '''Pultz''' nT, SIR JAMBS HURRAY, seventh baronet (1761 -Manx (See MURRAY.
Pulteney: '''Pulteney''' or POULTNZT, 8m JOHN wUrf. [[1349]]). mayor of London; a member of the Draper* 1 Company; served as mayor, 1331, 1332, 13*4, and 1S37: acquired great wealth, and frequently advanced money to Ed ward III. The parish of St. La uune to his connection with It.
Richard Pulteney: '''Richard Pulteney''' (17SO-[[1801]]X botanist: was from 1760 a constant contributor to theGentleman Magaxine chiefly on botanical topics: M.D. Edinburgh. 1764: physician to his kinsman. Sir William Pnlteney, earl of Bath, 1764: published botanical work*. xlviL 981
Pulteney: '''Pulteney''' Sm WILLIAM, RARL or BATH ([[1684]]1764), statesman: educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford: Inherited a considerable property, and entered parliament (M.P., Hedon, 170*-34) as a whig; became secretary at war, 1714, and was one of the three grand allies the other two being Stanhope and Walpole; concurred with Walpole in resigning office, 1717, but in 1721, when Walpole became first lord of the treasury, was mortified at not being offered office; gradually became alienated from Walpole, and in 1726 openly broke with him: joined Holingbroke in a journalistic war upon Walpole, and became a mainstay ofThe Craftsman under the signatureO joined Sir William Wy IK! ham in forming a new party of malcontent whigM calledthe patriots of which the two originators were designated the consuls with the object of attacking the Hanoverian policy of the government: hoped much from George II, whose friend he bad been when Prince of Wales, but on the death of George I was disappointed in his hope of superseding Walpole, and began to intrigue actively against him; his name struck off the list of privy councillors, 1731; was an important I agent in the overthrow of Walpole's scheme of excise, i 1733: M.P., Middlesex, 1 734-42; did not support Frederick, I prince of Wales, in his extreme opposition to George II, j considering bis proceedings too rash to be defensible; I vigorously fanned the agitation against Spain (1739), which led to the downfall of Walpole's government; wan I requested to form a government, 1742, but refused office, merely stipulating that be should be a member of Wilmington's cabinet; created Karl of Bath. 1742; disappointed in his hope of becoming firxt lord of the treasury on the death of Wilmington, 1743; attempted to overthrow Pelliam, 1746, when at the instance of George II be I agreed to form an administration from which Pitt should be excluded: failed to accomplish his task, and from that j time played no part of consequence in public affairs; buried in Westminster Abbey. He is chiefly to be re i membered for his power as an orator, which made Walpole say that he feared Pulteney's tongue more than another man's sword.
Pulton: '''Pulton''' or POULTON, ANDREW (16*4-[[1710]]), Jesuit; probably great-nephew of Ferdinando Pulton ; entered the Society of Jesus, 1674; became jointmaster of the new Jesuit college in the Savoy, Strand, 1 London, 1687; gained a wide reputation by his conference with Tliomas Tenison, afterwards archbishop of Canterbury; imprisoned at the revolution. Mibsequently retiring to Liege and afterwards to St. Germain; aocom . panied James II to Ireland, 1690; author of controversial works.
Ferdinando Pulton: '''Ferdinando Pulton''' (16M-[[1818]]), legal author ; fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge: BJU IfM; member of Lincoln's Inn, 1659, but being a Roman catholic wax never called to the bar; the first private person to edit the statutes.
William Morley Punshon: '''William Morley Punshon''' (1H24-[[1881]]). We*leyau preacher and lecturer; educated as a Umber Z 2
Pubbeok: '''Pubbeok''' 1076
Ptj: '''Ptj''' 8EY ; joined the methodist society at Hull, 1838; ordained a WMtapan nuui*t*r, 1846; lived in London, 185s1864- laboured in Canada, 1867-72, and thereafter resumed bis residence in London; published several works bpnAvH
Vmcouxt Purbeck: '''Vmcouxt Purbeck''' ([[1591]] ?-[[1657]]). See VILLIEIUS,

[edit] Section 1138

John: '''John'''
Purbeck: '''Purbeck''' titular VBCOUXTH. See DANVERS,
Bobbbt: '''Bobbbt''' [[1691]] 7-[[1674]] ; VitUKRS, JOHN, [[1677]] V-[[1723]].
Daniel Puroell: '''Daniel Puroell''' ( [[1660]] ?-[[171]] 7), musical composer : brother of Henry Purcell; organist of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1688-96; subsequently resided in London, wbenTfrom 1713. he was organist of St. Andrew's, Hoiborn; copied the style of his brother, displaying no
Henry Purcell: '''Henry Purcell''' ([[1658]]?-[[1695]]), composer; appointed a chorister of the Chapel Royal, London, 1664, where in 1678 he became a pupil of Pel ham Humfrey ; began to write music for th stage when young, the most important of hi* early productions being the masque in Shad well'sTimonof Athens produced, 1680,Dido pH Bn in some respects ie most remarkable achievement: became organist at Westminster Abbey, 1680, and (1689) was also nominated organist of the Chapel Royal, London: buried beneath the organ in Westminster Abbey. He was a master of technical ingenuity, and gifted with a high power of expression, which finds its supreme utterance in the death song of Dido in his first opera. He anticipated Handel in the use of broad choral effect, while he rivalled him in the melodic beauty of his airs. Only a few of his compositions were published during his lifetime. HisSonatas for III Partsappeared in 1683, and in 1696 and 1702 two books ofCollectionswere published. His sacred music was edited iu four volumes by Vincent Novello (1829-33), and other of his works issued by the Musical Antiquarian Society. In 1878 the Purcell Society commenced a complete edition of his works.
John Puroell: '''John Puroell''' ([[1674]]7-[[1730]]), physician: M.D. Montpellier, 1699: L.R.O.P., 1721: author of A Treatise of Vapours 1702, and A Treatise of the Cholick 1714.
Riohakd Puroell: '''Riohakd Puroell''' (. [[1760]]-[[1766]]), engraver; worked for Sayer, a London print-seller, who employed him in copying popular prints and in executing portraits and caricatures.
John Purchas: '''John Purchas''' ([[1823]]-[[1872]]), divine and author: M.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1847; became perpetual curate of St. James's College, Brighton, 1866; prosecuted before the court of arches and the privy council for ritualistic practices, 1870; was suspended by the privy council, 1872, but took no notice of the order, and continued his services at St. James's Oliapel until his death.
Samuel Purchas: '''Samuel Purchas''' ([[1675]]V-[[1626]]), author of the Pilgrimes; graduate of St John's College, Cambridge; rector of St. Martin's, Ludgate, London, 1614-26; chiefly known by his work, Hakluytus Poethumua, or Purchas his Pilgrimes 1626, a record of travel (never reprinted): published alsoPurchas his Pilgrimage 1613, and Purchas his Pilgrim 1619.
Edward Purdon: '''Edward Purdon''' ([[1729]]-[[1767]]), bookseller's hack : of Trinity College, Dublin: remembered by Goldsmith's epitaph on him for the Wednesday Club.
John Purdy: '''John Purdy''' ([[1773]]-[[1843]]), hydrographer : became bydrograpber to the London firm, Laurie & Whittle, 1812; published a number of important works, most of which were edited and improved after his death by Alexander George Findlay
William Purzpoy: '''William Purzpoy''' ([[1680]]?-[[1669]]), regicide: entored parliament in 1627-8 (M.P., Coventry), and sat In the Long parliament (M.P., Warwick); held a command in the parliamentary army, and (1648) wai a member of the court which tried Charles L, signing the death-warrant; commanded the forces in Warwickshire, 1659, during Booth's insurrection.
Robert Pttrpoy: '''Robert Pttrpoy''' (rf. [[1667]]).
Robert Purnell: '''Robert Purnell''' (d. [[1666]]), baptist elder and a chief founder of the first baptist i-hurch Cxlvtt.47
Thomas Purnell: '''Thomas Purnell''' ([[1834]]-[[1889]]), author; of Trinity College, Dublin; was well known iu literary society in London; edited Lamb's Correspondence and Works,* 1871.
Robert Pursolove: '''Robert Pursolove''' , otherwise SILVESTKII (1600 ?-1679), bishop suffragan of Hull; educated at St. Paul's School, London, and Corpus Christi College, Oxford: was the last prior of the Augustininn priory, Guisborough; consecrated bishop of Hull, 1538, and installed archdeacon of Nottingham, 1550; deprived of his offices for refusing the oath of supremacy, 1559.
William Purton: '''William Purton''' ([[1784]]-[[1825]]), stenographer ; invented a system of shorthand, long known as Richardsou's or OouiiselTs system.
Anthony Purver: '''Anthony Purver''' ([[1702]]-[[1777]]), translator of the bible; became a quaker before the age of thirty; his New and Literal Translation known as the Quakers Bible published by John Fothergill, 1764. )ttish
James Purves: '''James Purves''' ([[1734]]-[[1795]]), Scottish sectary; joined (1765) the Fellowship Societies founded by James Fraser (1639-1699); became pastor of a society at Edinburgh, 1776; published theological works of a high Arian character.
John Purvey: '''John Purvey''' ([[1353]]?-[[1428]]?), reviser of the Wyclifflte translation of the bible; was intimately associated with Wycliffe at Lutterworth, where he commenced to render Wycliffe's verbatim translation of the Vulgate into vernacular idiotn, completing his work at Bristol, c. 1888; imprisoned for heresy, 1390; recanted, 1401; imprisoned by Archbishop Chicheley, 1421.
Daniel Puseley: '''Daniel Puseley''' ([[1814]]-[[1882]]), author; published, under the pseudonym of Frank Foster numerous works, including The Rise and Progress of Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand 1857.
Edward Bouverie Pusey: '''Edward Bouverie Pusey''' ([[1800]]-[[1882]]), regius professor of Hebrew at Oxford and canon of Christ Church; was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1825; elected, 1822, a fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, where he was brought into contact and intimacy with his brother-fellows, Keble and Newman: on the ad vice of Charles Lloyd (1784-1829) studied oriental languages and biblical criticism at Gbttiugeu, Berlin, and Bonn, 1825-7; appointed regius professor o f Hebrew, Oxford, 1828; with his assistant lectured nine times a week, and (1832) joined with his brother Philip and Edward Ellertou in founding the Pusey and Ellerton scholarships; became alarmed by the spread of rationalism in the church of England, and came to the conclusion that it could only be checked by the conviction in the minds of her defenders of her divine institution: began to work with Newman and Keble on Tracts for the Times 1833, and was mainly instrumental in bringing about their alteration from stirring appeals to solid doctrinal treatises; producedTracts on baptism, 1835, and Tracts on the holy eucharist, 1836; when called upon to make some form of declaration which would clearly show his loyalty to the English church (1839), published his Letter to the Bishop of Oxford in which he distinguished between Anglican and Roman doctrine, and also separated himself from ultra protestautinterpretations of the Thirty-nine Articles; identified himself with Newman when the heads of houses condemned Newman's explanation of the articles in Tract No. XC. 1841, and from that time became the leader of the Oxford movement; suspended from the office of university preacher on a charge of heresy, 1843; resumed his preaching in 1846, and reiterated the teaching for which he believed he had been condemned; commenced the establishment of Anglican sisterhoods, 1845; was unceasing in his efforts to hinder secession to the Roman church among those who sympathised with his views; on the occasion of Archdeacon Denison's trial for heresy (1856) published his learned * Doctrine of the Real Presence * in support of the high Anglican view; engaged in later life in conflict with the latitudinarian tendency in Oxford and elsewhere; opposed the reform of the university in 1854, on the ground that it tended to substitute intellectual for moral and religious training, and in 1862 charged Benjamin Jowett, regius professor of Greek, before the vice-chancellor's court, with teaching opinions which were not in accordance with the doctrine of the church of England; desisted from his opposition to the increased
Pusey: '''Pusey''' 1077
Pym: '''Pym''' OM.lowiu.-nt of t !,.-(; rook A not to hear the case. to bring abool the union of the English and Knuum.-hiiroae* from 18*6, but saw tin-in annihilated by the decision* of the Vatican eoun.-il in 1H7U; entertained further project* of union with the Wesleyans and the Eastern ohun-h, wh equally inuffivtual; died at Ascot Priory, Birmingham. He consistently maintained that t: church of England were contained in the writing* of the Lit:: n.:.!...::.,,:.!,. tnry, and thai their tignifloanoe had afterwards bean obscured. Pusev Home at Oxford, an institati to carry on his work, inherited hU library,
Pusey: '''Pusey''' rniLIP ([[1799]]-[[1865]]), agriculture: brother of Edward Douverio Putey q. r.j; of Kton and Christ Church, Oxfonl: inheritai the family estate, 1888; M.P., Cuippcnham, 1830, Oasbel, 1881, Berkshire, 1836-48: at first a conservative and protectionist, but after 1847 a free-trader: espoused the cause of the agricultural tenant, 1847, and sjsjiejiTniirrifl to procure him compensation for unexhausted improvements; many of his views embodied in the Agricultural Holding* Bill (passed, 1875); took n prominent part in the formation of the Royal Agriculi-ty of England (1840), and (1851) was chairman of the agricultural implement department of the Great Exhibition; published articles and pamphlet* on agriculture,

[edit] Section 1139

Putta: '''Putta''' (.. [[688]]), first bishop of Hereford; consecrated by Theodore, bishop of Rochester, 669; was subsequently sheltered by Sexulf, bishop of the Mercians and resided in the district of the Heeanas (afterwards Herefordshire), whence he is reckoned first bishop of Hereford.
George Ptjttekham: '''George Ptjttekham''' (rf. [[1590]]), author : was the son of Robert Putteuham, a country gentleman; author of a manuscript proseApologie* for Queen Elizabeth's treatment of Mary Queen of Scots. To him has also been assigned The Arte of English Poesie which was more probably by his ekler brother, Richard Putteuham
Richard Puttenham: '''Richard Puttenham''' ([[1520]]?-[[1601]] ?), repnted author ofThe Arte of English Poesie elder brother of George Putteuham; convicted of rape, 1561; was pardoned, but remained on the continent till 1570; afterwards resided in England. Edmund Bolton, in his 4 Hypercritica asserted that the Arte of Poesie * was the work ofone of the queen gentlemen pensioners nanu-d Puttenham and internal evidence tends to show that the work, which is of an elaborate character, was by one of the sons of Robert Putteuliam. The author was a man who had travelled extensively, and he also wrote a series of poems, entitled Partheniadea which are still preserved in the Cotton. MSS.
James Pyckoft: '''James Pyckoft''' ([[1813]]-[[1895]]), author, younger brother of Sir Thomas Pycroft: B.A. Trinity Col live. Oxford, 1836; student, Lincoln's Inn, 1836: well known as a cricketer: member of the Lausdown Club; wrote largely, especially on cricket, and published Oxford Memoirs 1886.
Pycroft: '''Pycroft''' Sm THOMAS ( [[1807]]-1 [[892]]), Madras civil servant: of Trinity College, Oxford: hon. M.A., 1829; entered East India Company's service, 1829: became revenue secretary to government, i860; K.C.S.I., 1866; retired, 1867. He was the first appointed to the Indian civil service by competitive examination.
Charles Pye: '''Charles Pye''' ([[1777]]-[[1864]]), engraver: pupil of James Heath (1757-1834); chiefly employed on small book illustrations.
Henry James Pye: '''Henry James Pye''' ([[1746]]-[[1813]]), poetaster and C laureate; a descendant of Sir Robert Pye: of _ ialen College, Oxford: created M.A., 1766, and D.O.L., 1772; was a country gentleman of Berkshire; published Poems on various Subjects 1787, and translated the Poetics of Aristotle, 1788; became poet-laureate, 1790, and wrote irreproachably patriotic and ludicrously tame official poetry: published Alfred an epic poem, 1801; was the constant butt of contemporary ridicule.
John Pye: '''John Pye''' (ft. [[1768]]-[[1774]]), engraver: pupil of Thomas Major; engraved in the line manner some admirable landscape plates.
John Pye: '''John Pye''' ([[1781]]-lS74),lj nr of Charles Py i (1767-1834); the favourite engraver of J. M. W. Turner, after whom be engraved a plate*, in which for the first time the effect* of honours from foreign countries, but was with the Royal Academy on account of the refusal of t:.,t b*dj to lisjftcBpsjfBji to!..;; pfttfjaj -.
Sir Robert Pye: '''Sir Robert Pye''' (J. 1 [[701]] X p*rllamentarian ;M ' of Sir Walter Pye q. T.I: a colonel of bone under Mi i rixtal; M.I. Bail Mm, mi sjsj LfJtj tuft l.ttie part In politic* after the Restoration; joined William of Orange on his march to London, 1688.
Thomas Pye: '''Thomas Pye''' ([[1660]]-[[1610]]), divine: of Balliol and Morton College*, Oxfonl: I.D n 1688; chaplain of Marlon College, Oxford, 1681-6; canon of Colchester. 1686-1*10; published miscellaneous works.
Pye: '''Pye''' Piu THOMAS ([[1713]] 7-[[1786]]), admiral; grand i of Sir Robert Pye: entered the navy, 1717; promoted captain, 1744: rear-admiral, 1768; vice-admiral, 1761; knighted, 1773; admiraL 1773. He was a man of slender ability, thrust into office by the Batbun t interest.
Pye: '''Pye''' Sm WALTER ([[1671]]-[[1636]]1 lawyer: of St. John's College, Oxford; barrister, Middle Temple; was a favourite of Buckingham, who procured hi* a* attorney of the court of wards and liveries, 1611; knighted, 1630.
Oliver Pyoo: '''Oliver Pyoo''' (ft. [[1566]]-[[1591]]).
John Pyke: '''John Pyke''' (. [[1322]] ?).
Thomas Pyle: '''Thomas Pyle''' ([[1674]]-[[1756]]), divine and author : M.A. Caius College, Cambridge, 1699; a strong whig; took part in the Bangorian controversy and gained Hoadly's friendship; prebendary of Salisbury, 1716, but considered too heterodox for further preferment, bis opinions being almost openly Unitarian.
John Pym: '''John Pym''' ([[1584]]-[[1643]]), parliamentary statesman: eldest son of Alexander Pym of Brymore, near Bridgwater, Somerset; educated at Broadgatea Hall (Pembroke College), Oxfonl, and (1602) entered as a student at the Middle Temple: M.P.. Calne, 1614, 1611, and 1624; first became a leading speaker after the summer of 1611; M.P., Tavistock, 1625, 1626, and 1618; one of the managers of Buckingham's impeachment, May 1626; supported the Petition of Right, 1628, and took part in the final attack on Buckingham; opposed the imposition of tonnage and poundage, 1629, but took no part in the disturbance which marked the end of the session, and was not therefore among those subsequently imprisoned by Charles I: M.I, Tavistock, in the Short parliament, 1640; spoke at length in the Short parliament on the grievances of the nation, and resisted the grant of supplies; drew op a petition after the dissolution and Charles I's ill-success against the Soots, requiring a parliament and demanding the trial of the advisers of Charles I's late measures; M.I, TavUtock, in the Long parliament, 1640: assumed the lead In the attack on government, and (11 Nov. 1640) was empowered to carry up an Immediate impeachment of Stratford; moved the impeachment of Laud, 16 Dec. 1640; his influence regarded with peculiar apprehension by the royal party; was offered the post of chancellor of the exchequer by Charles I's queen, who hoped to win him over to the royalist side; refused the offer: declared himself desirous of reforming rather than abolishing episcopacy and the Book of Common Prayer, 1641: opposed to the abandonment of the impeachment of StratTonl in favour of an attainder, but dreading armed intervention decided Stratford's fate by revealing to parliament hi- knowledge of a design to bring the army up to Westminster: supported the Root and Branch Bill, 1641, abandoning his former preference for a modified episcopacy; after the outbreak of tbe Ulster insurrection took a leading part in preparing tbe Grand Remonstrance, 1641; credited with the intention of impeaching Queen Henrietta Maria by Charles I, who thereupon directed his impeachment with four others, Hampden, Holies, Hesllrige, and Strode (the five members X and on 4 Jan. 1642 came to the Commons with an armed force to arrest them, only to find that they bad fled: escorted back to Westminster in triumph with the other four members by the citizens of London, 11 Jan. 1642; member of
Pym: '''Pym''' 1078
Queensberry: '''Queensberry''' imitteeof safety, July 1642; led parliament in its on the outbreak of war, of the power of taxai and (March 1648) proposed an excise, a form of it hitherto unknown In England; persuaded parliato Uke the covenant as the price of the Scottish 0 1648 buried at Westminster Abbey, whence his body WM ejected after the Restoration.
Sir Samuel Pym: '''Sir Samuel Pym''' ([[1778]]-[[1865]]), admiral ; brother of Sir William Pym; entered the navy, 1788; cornier, 1804; lost a small squadron off Mauritius and ue a prisoner of war, 1810, but was acquitted by -martial; rear-admiral, 1837; K.O.B., 1839; vice admiral, 1X47; admiral, 1862.
Sir William Pym: '''Sir William Pym''' ([[1772]]-[[1881]]), military surgeon ; of Edinburgh University; served as a medical officer in the West Indies between 1794 and 1796, obtaining great knowledge of yellow fever: became inspector-general of army hospitals, 1816; K.O.H.: first to describe accurately the character of yellow fever in his Observations upon Bulam Fever 1816.
Walter Pyncebeck: '''Walter Pyncebeck''' (ft. [[1327]]-[[1333]]), monk ; an inmate of Bury St. Edmund?, where he controlled the monastic vestiary in 1333.
William Pynchon: '''William Pynchon''' ([[1690]]-[[1662]]), colonist and religious writer: probably educated at Cambridge; emigrated to Massachusetts, 1632, and (1636) founded Springfield; published in English a work controverting the Calvinist view of the atonement, 1650, and was driven to abandon the colony in consequence and return to Eng
James Baker Pynk: '''James Baker Pynk''' ([[1800]]-[[1870]]), landscapepainter; exhibited almost entirely with the Society of Uritish Artists; much inliuencud by Turner's later style.
Valentine Pyne: '''Valentine Pyne''' ([[1603]]-[[1677]]), master-gunner of England; served in the royal navy, in Charles I's army, and under Prince Kupert; master-gunner, IMG.

[edit] Section 1140

William Henry Pyne: '''William Henry Pyne''' , known as EI-HUAIM
Hakdcastlk: '''Hakdcastlk''' ([[1769]]-[[1843]]), painter and author; first KChibited at the Royal Academy, 1790; began in 1803 to publish Microcosm, or a Picturesque Delineation of the Arts, Agriculture, and Manufactures of Great Britain," consisting of groups of small figures, cleverly drawu and coloured by hand, and followed it up by several similar works; abandoned art for literature in later life, writing collections of anecdotes and reminiscences under the pseudonym of Ephraim Hardcastle.
Nicholas Pynnab: '''Nicholas Pynnab''' (.I. [[1604]]-[[1624]]), surveyor; came to Ireland (c. 1600) as a captain of foot; appointed a surveyor in Ulster, 1618; his report printed in 1757 in Harris's l Hibernica
Pynson: '''Pynson''' , RICHARD (d. [[1530]]), printer in London : a Norman by birth; succeeded William de Macblinia , c. 1490, as the chief printer of law books in London; appointed king's printer on the accession of Henry VIII; introduced Roman type into England, 1509.
William Pyper: '''William Pyper''' ([[1797]]-[[1861]]), Scots professor of humanity; of Marischal College, Aberdeen; professor of humanity, St. Andrews, 1844-61; LL.D. Aberdeen.
Thomas Pyus: '''Thomas Pyus''' ([[1660]]-[[1610]]). Q aUJELLY, MALAOHIAS (d. 1646), archbishop of Tuam; educated at Paris (D.D.); consecrated archbishop, 1631; raised a body of fighting men on the rebellion, but in 1645 was surprised and slain by Sir Charles Ooote.
Sir John Richard Quain: '''Sir John Richard Quain''' ([[1816]]-[[1876]]), judge; half-brother of Jones Quain; of Gbttingeu and University College, London (fellow, 1843); LL.B. London, 1839; barrister, Middle Temple, 1851; Q.O., 1866; appointed a judge of the queen's bench, 1871; knighted, 1872.
Jones Quain: '''Jones Quain''' ([[1796]]-[[1865]]), anatomist; M.D. Trinity (Jollege, Dublin, 1833; began to teach anatomy in London, 1826; professor of general anatomy at University College, London, 1831, resigning, 1836; his Elements of Descriptive and Practical Anatomy(1828) frequently edited and translated.
Richard Quaih: '''Richard Quaih''' ([[1800]]-[[1887]]), surgeon ; brother of Jones Quain; professor of descriptive anatomy at toe University of London, 1832, holding office till 1860 F.R.S., 1844; president of the Royal College of Surgeons, 1868; published anatomical works.
Quad: '''Quad''' *, SIR RICHARD, first baronet ([[1816]]-[[1898]]), pbyaician; M.D. London, 1842; fellow of University College, London, 1843; physician at Bromptou Hospital, 1H55, and consulting physician, 1875; F.R.C.P., 1861, vice-president, 1889; crown nominee on general medical council, 1863, and president, 1891; member and (1874) chairman of pharmacopoeia committee: F.R.S., 1871; physician extraordinary to Queen Victoria, 1890; created baronet of United Kingdom, 1891; editedDictionary of Medicine 1882.
Daniel: '''Daniel''' ([[1648]]-[[1724]]), clock-maker; pracaiige Alley and other part* of London; nub*ullion as a quaker; invented repeat fc ne clock for William III, which barometers; master of theClockmatore r f 1Uo. fxlvli 911 :, BERNARD (1819-1899), bookseller; an Saxony: employerl by Henry George . in London 1842-4 and 1846-7; opened biisi*-nqjr as bookseller near Iiceater Square, r lL? D rten London, 1847: removed to 15 Piccadilly, 1860, and remained there for rest of his life; attended, personally or by deputy, every important book-auction in Europe and America; published from time to time catalogues of his stock, the last of which was General Catalogue of Old Books and Manuscripts 1887-8, index, 1892, 7 vols. Special catalogues were compiled for him by Mr. Michael Kerney, his literary adviser. aUARLES, CHARLES (d. 1727), musician; Mus. Bac. Cambridge, 1678; organist at Trinity College, Cambridge, and from 1722 at York Minster.
Francis Quarles: '''Francis Quarles''' ([[1592]]-[[1644]]), poet; B.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1608; studied at Lincoln's Inn; became cup-bearer to the Princess Elizabeth in 1613 on her marriage to the elector palatine; returned to London before 1620; published, 1620, his Feast of Wormes a paraphrase of Jonah, which was followed by many similar efforts; became private secretary to Archbishop Ussher before 1629; published Argalus and Parthenia a poetic romance, 1629; retired before 1633 to Essex, where he assured his fame by publishing his Emblems in 1635, the work being quaintly illustrated by William Marshall (ft. 1630-1650); appointed chronologer to the city of London, 1639, and from that time mainly devoted himself to composing prose manuals of piety; wrote in defence of Charles I, in consequence of which his manuscripts were destroyed by parliamentary soldiers. His books were constantly reprinted for more than a century after his death. A complete collection of his Works was edited by Grosart in 1874 for the Ohertsey Worthies Library
John Quarles: '''John Quarles''' ([[1624]]-[[1665]]), poet; son of Francis Quarles; of Exeter College, Oxford: bore arms for Charles I at Oxford and banished: published, in Flanders, Fons Lachrymarum and, after his return, other works; died of the plague of 1666.
Dukes Queensberry: '''Dukes Queensberry''' op. See DOUOLAB, WIL-
Liam: '''Liam''' first DUKK, [[1637]]-[[1695]] : DOUGLAS, JAMKS, second
Duo: '''Duo''' [[1662]]-[[1711]] ; DOUGLAS, OHARLKS, third DUKK, 1698-1778; DOUGLAS, WILLIAM, fourth DUKK, 1724-1810; SroTT, SIR HKNRY, fifth DUKK, 1746-1812; SCOTT, WALTKR FRAXCIS, seventh DUKE, 1806-1884. ftUEENSBERRY. DUCHESS OF (d. 1777). DOUOLAB, CATHERINE. See
Queensberry: '''Queensberry''' aUEENSBERRY, MAIU,J.-;SKM OK. See DOOOUM, WIM.IAM, first MARQUIS, 1637-1696; DoUGLAH, Siu Juii.s Siiui.ro, eighth M vni'in, 1841-1900.
Earls Ok Queensberry: '''Earls Ok Queensberry''' . Sec DOUOLA*. SIR Wll.MAM, tir-l KRL,. LMQj DOOOLAA, JAM!:
Haul: '''Haul''' '. [[1671]]; DOHJLAS, WIU.UM, tliinl Kuu., [[1637]]195. aUEKETT, KDWIX JollX (1808-1847), microscopiat; brother of William Bucket t; wan appointed lecturer on botany at Ix}iulon Hospital, 1884;
Quivil: '''Quivil''' F.L.S., 1836; genOS QMAMMft IMBMd after him. In his house the Royal Microscopical Society originated in 1839. aUEKETT, JOHN* THOMAS (1815-1861 X histoloKi.-t: brother of William Quekett: appointed assistant-conservator of the Huntertun Museum, 1843; made a valuable collection of microscopic preparations, which were purchase! by the Royal College of Surgeon*. 1846; constitute! professor of histology, 1862, and conservator of the Hunterian Museum, 1866; published scientific works.
William Quekett: '''William Quekett''' ([[1802]]-[[1888]]), divine: B.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1825; distinguished for his social work while a curate in London. He was the subject of Dickens's article*, What a London citrate can do if he tries inHousehold Words(16 Nov. 1860), and Emigration (ft. 24 Jan. 1882).
Nicholas Quemertord: '''Nicholas Quemertord''' ([[1644]]7-[[1699]]). See
Combkrpord: '''Combkrpord'''
Louise Renbe Dk Querouaille: '''Louise Renbe Dk Querouaille''' , DUCHBBS OF
Axo Aubiqxy Portsmouth: '''Axo Aubiqxy Portsmouth''' ([[1649]]-[[1734]]). See KK-

[edit] Section 1141

Oqalul: '''Oqalul'''
Charles Lb Quesne: '''Charles Lb Quesne''' ([[1811]]-[[1856]]). See LB
Quesxb: '''Quesxb'''
Quesnel: '''Quesnel''' or QUB8UEL, PETER (rf. [[1299]]?), Franciscan; doctor of the canon law; warden of the Franciscan College at Norwich; wrote Directorium Juris in Foro Conscientiaa et Juridiciali of which several manuscripts are extant.
Henry Quick: '''Henry Quick''' ([[1792]]-[[1857]]), the Cornish poet; wrote rugged verse on local and national events of note.
John Quick: '''John Quick''' ([[1636]]-[[1706]]), nonconformist divine: B.A. Exeter College, Oxford, 1657; ordained presbyter, 1669; ejected from Brixton for nonconformity, 1662, and was afterwards several times imprisoned; published religious treatises.
John Quick: '''John Quick''' ([[1748]]-[[1831]]), actor : joined a theatrical company in his fourteenth year; went to Covent Garden, London, 1767: played at first mainly clowns, rustics, and comic servants; the original Tony Lumpkin, 1773: essayed Richard III to the laughter of the audience, 1790: retire! from Covent Garden, London, 1797, and henceforth only appearel intermittently.
Robert Hebert Quick: '''Robert Hebert Quick''' ([[1831]]-[[1891]]), schoolmaster and educational writer; B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1864; assistant-master of Harrow, 1870-4; appointed by the university to lecture at Cambridge on the history of education, 1881: published Essays on Educational Reformers 1868.
Dorothy Quillinan: '''Dorothy Quillinan''' ([[1804]]-[[1847]]), authoress; daughter of William Wordsworth the poet: married to Edward Quillinau, 1841: published aJournalof a visit to Spain and Portugal, 1847.
Edward Quillinan: '''Edward Quillinan''' ([[1791]]-[[1861]]), poet: entered a cavalry regiment, and in 1814 began seriously to publish verse; settled at Ambleside, near Wordsworth, 1H21; most successful in his translation of five books of Camoeus's'Lusiad* (published, 1853, by John Adumsoti (1787-1865) ).
Edward Quin: '''Edward Quin''' (d. [[1823]]), journalist: founded, in 1803,The Traveller which was merged (1823) in the 'Globe
Edward Quin: '''Edward Quin''' ([[1794]]-[[1828]]), cartographer : son of Edward Quin (. 1823); published An Historical Atlas(1840X with aUniversal History from the Creation
Quin: '''Quin''' .Sin EDWIN RICHARD WINDHAM WYND-
Ham: '''Ham''' -, third EARL o DUXRAVBN and MOUXT-EARI, in the peerage of Intend, ami fir*t BAHOX KKXRY of the lom(1812-187l), B.A. Trinltj College, Dublin, a in th.; Commons In toe coiuervaUve Intercut (M.P.. Glamorganshire) from 1837-61; succeeded hit father as an Irish earl, I860, and (1864) was created a baron of the United Kingdom; F.R.8.. 18S4: FJ3JL, 1836; i.;.).. ir !... ni..-1-t, mrittm mm MfcMl nl b rtei.. xlv.i
Frederic Hkrvky Fo Quin: '''Frederic Hkrvky Fo Quin''' 6TKR (17B1878X the first liomoopathk- phyricUn in England; M.I. Edinburgh. 1820; went to Rome, 1820, at physician to the Duchess of Devonshire and (18)1) oommfnred practice at Naples; converted to homoeopathy, 1816, and returned to England a* physician to Prince Leopold of Saxe-Cobuiv: began public practice in London, IKSJ.and WM drauurH as a iunck; founded the BritUh HonuBopathlo Society, ,1 the London Houuoopathic Hoopitol, i
James Quin: '''James Quin''' ([[1621]]-[[1659]]), vocalUf. sou of Walter Quiu q. v.l; of Westminster School and Chriht Church, Oxfonl: M.A., 1646; was ejected from Christ Church, Oxfonl, as a loyalist, but so charmed Cromwell with bis bass voice that he restored him: died innane.
James Quin: '''James Quin''' ([[1693]]-[[1766]]), actor ; took to the stage in Dublin and appeared at Dniry Lane, London, In 1714 or 1715: first came into note, 1716, as Bajnret In Tamerlane acted at Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, where he took leading parts In tragedy, 1717-32: subsequently appeared at Co vent Garden, London, and, 1734, returned to Drury Lane, London; reappeared at Covent Garden, 1742, and remained there till 1751; rival of Garrick atCoveut Garden, 1746 and 1747; lived, after his retirement (1761) in friendship with Garrick. Wai pole admired him more than Garrick, but Davies declares that he was unfitted for vigorous parts in tragedy.
Michael Joseph Quin: '''Michael Joseph Quin''' ([[1796]]-[[1843]]), traveller and political writer: barrister, Lincoln's Inn; travelled much on the continent, and publishel a number of books of travel.
Walter Quin: '''Walter Quin''' ([[1676]] 7-[[1634]]?), poet and preceptor of Charles I: studied at Edinburgh University: wa* taken into the service of James VI as tutor to bin sons, and migrated to England in 1603: published several poems and a life of Lord Bernard Stuart (1619).
Thomas Db Quincey: '''Thomas Db Quincey''' ([[1785]]-[[1869]]). See DB
Quincey: '''Quincey'''
John Quincy: '''John Quincy''' (rf. [[1722]]), medical writer : practised medicine as an apothecary and physician in London; M.D. Edinburgh for hisMedicina Static* Britannica 1712: published a number of medical treatises.
Roger Quincy: '''Roger Quincy''' rR, second EARL OF WINCHKMTBR (11957-1265), son of Saer de Qnincy, first earl of Winchester; succeeded to the title, 1235; married Helen, daughter of Alan, lord of Galloway; became constable of Scotland in right of bis wife; took part in the disputes between Henry III and his barons, and on several occasions acted on behalf of the barons.
Quency Quincy: '''Quency Quincy''' , or QUENCI. SAER, SAHRR, or SEER DK, first EARL OF WIXCHKSTKR (l. 1219), while a comparatively poor knight married the daughter of Robert III, earl of Leicester, c. 1170, and (1204) succeeded In bis wife's right to half the lauds of Robert IV, earl of Leicester: created Earl of Winchester, 1207: took part in the baronsstruggle against King John, who particularly disliked him during the last few yearn of bis reign on account of his former intimacy with him: his lands confiscated by Kin* John, on which he Invited Louis, the dauphin of France, to take the crown; taken prisoner at the battle of Lincoln, 1217; died a crusader at Acre, immediately after his arrival.
James Wallace Quinton: '''James Wallace Quinton''' ([[1834]]-[[1891]]), chief commissioner of Assam; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin 1853; entered the Bengal civil service, 18*8; served chiefly in the North- West Provinces and Oudh till 1883: became chief commissioner of Assam, 1889: treacberooslj asaafslnated at Manipur while on a political mission.

[edit] Section 1142

Quivil: '''Quivil''' or QUIVEL, PKTER rK (. [[1291]]), bishop of Exeter; consecrated, 1280: a liberal benefactor to Exeter Cathedral and its clergy. His most memorable work was the reconstruction of the two transept towers of BUhnp Warelwaafs Norman church,
Raban: '''Raban''' 1080
Radcliffe: '''Radcliffe''' , E __, EDWARD (d. 1868), printer in Aberdeen: a native of England: started as a printer in Edinburgh. 16M, after erring as a *oklier In the Kflthflrtaads: settled at Aberdeen, where, between 162* and 1649, he i-~u.-i, lie productions, some interesting Scottish
Raby: '''Raby''' third BARON ([[1672]]-[[1739]]). See WKNTWOKTH,
Thomas: '''Thomas''' third EAHL of STRAFFORD.
Edmund Rack: '''Edmund Rack''' ([[1736]] ?-[[1787]]), misoellaneous writer : eitled at Bath, 1776: established the Bath and West of England Agricultural Society, 1779: published religions, agricultural, and other treatises.
Thomas Rackett: '''Thomas Rackett''' ([[1757]]-[[1841]]). antiquary : M.A. University College, Oxford, 178*); rector of Spetisbury in Dorset for more than sixty years.
Radcliffe: '''Radcliffe'''
Alexandeu Radoliffe: '''Alexandeu Radoliffe''' (ft. [[1669]]-[[1696]]), versewriter: admitted at Gray's Inn, 1669: became n captain in the army, 1696; published three ribald poems between 1673 and 168S.
Ann Radcliffe: '''Ann Radcliffe''' ([[1764]]-[[1823]]), novelist: only daughter of William Ward: married William Radcliffc, a law-student, at the age of twenty-three: her first novel published, 1789; producedA Sicilian Romance 179(1, and "The Romance of the Forest 1791: publishedThe Mysteries of Udolpho,* 1794, and The Italian a romance of the inquisition, usually regarded as her best work, 1797: wrote nothing subsequently: lived in retirement. She was the founder of a school of romance in which terror and curiosity are aroused by events apparently supernatural, but afterwards naturally explained.
Radcliffe: '''Radcliffe''' or RADCLYFFE, CHARLES titular
of Dkr Went Water Earl: '''of Dkr Went Water Earl''' ([[1693]]-[[1746]]), Jacobite ; brother of Sir James Radcliffe, third earl of Derwentwater; took part in the rising of 1716, and escaped from Newgate after capture: assumed the title, 1731: became secretary to Prince Charles Edward, and in 1746 was captured off Dogger Bank; condemned to death and beheaded.
Charles Bland Radcliffe: '''Charles Bland Radcliffe''' ([[1822]]-[[1889]]). physician: M.D. London, 1861; became physician at Westminster Hospital in 1867: F.R.C.P., 1868; Gulstonian lecturer, 1860: Oroonian lecturer, 1873; censor, 1876-6 one of the earliest investigators in this country of the electrical physiology of muscle and nerve,
Radcliffe: '''Radcliffe''' or RADCLYFFE, CHARLES EDWARD (174-1HS7), lieutenant-colonel; served in the Peninsular war, 1809-14: fought at Waterloo, 1816; brevet lieutenant-colonel, 1816.
Radcliffe: '''Radcliffe''' or RADCLYFFE, CHARLOTTE
Countess Ok Nkwkurgh Maria: '''Countess Ok Nkwkurgh Maria''' (rf. [[1766]]), granddaughter of Sir James Livingstone, first Earl of Newburvh : succeeded her father Charles Livingstone, second earl of Newburgh, as countess, mo jure, 1694 married o u? e !! l i vely to T* 10 * 8 Clifford (d. 1718) and to Charles Radcliffe, afterwards titular earl of Derwentwater who after unsuccessfully urging his suit, induced her to marry him by entering her room through the chimney,
Egremont Radoldte: '''Egremont Radoldte''' (,. [[1678]]), rebel : son of Sir Henry Radcltffe, second earl of Sussex took part in the rebellion of 1669, and was imprisoned in the Tower of London between 1676 and 1578; went to Flanders, 1578,and was beheaded for plotting to poison Don John of Austria. 1 RADCLIFFE, SIR GEORGE (1593-1657), politician B.A. University College, Oxford, 1612; barrister, Orav's Inn 1818, bencher, 1632; M.P., 1628; a friend of Went? worth, whose private affairs he managed, and with whom " l to. 1. rela l ud "f t* months before him, 1633; tworths chief adviser in all legal and financial * hindered from bearing witness on Stratford's on bis Impeachment, bat contrived to aid him in . ng hU defence: joined Charles I at Oxford, 1643 I on the surrender of that city refused to take the Duke I of York out of England without Charles I's order, thonerh bidden to do so by Queen Henrietta Maria, and handnd him over to the Earl of Northumberland: joined the Duke ; of York and became his adviser, 1649.
Sir Henry Radcliffe: '''Sir Henry Radcliffe''' , second EAHL OK PT-SSKX (1506 ?-1557), eldest son of Sir Robert Radcliffe, first earl of Sussex; K.B., 1533: declared for Queen M:ir, 1553, and was made captain-general and a privy councillor.
Radcliffe: '''Radcliffe''' Sm HENRY, fourth KARL 01 (1530 ?-1693), son of Sir Henry Radcliffe, second earl of ! Sussex: M.P., Maiden, 1555: served in Ireland ; between 1556 and 1565; M.P., Carlingford (Irish parliament), 1559: M.P., Hampshire, 1571; succeeded his brother as earl, 1683: K.G., 1689.
Radcliffe: '''Radcliffe''' or RADCLYFFE, SIR JAMES, baronet, third KARL OF DKRWKXTWATKR (1689-1716), was brought I up at St. Germain as a companion to James Edward: returned to England, 1710, but aided the rebellion of 1715, and joined Thomas Forster at Green-rig in October; taken prisoner at Preston, attainted, and beheaded. On account of his youth and popular manner his death excited general compassion.
Radcliffe: '''Radcliffe''' or RATCLIFFE, JOHN, first BARON
Fit: '''Fit''' WALTER ([[1452]] ?-l[[496]]), became a baron in [[1485]] ; took part in Perkin Warbeck's conspiracy; attainted, 1495, and beheaded next year.
John Radcliffe: '''John Radcliffe''' ([[1650]]-[[1714]]), physician: B.A. University College, Oxford, 1669: fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford, 1669-77; M.A., 1672: he began to practise as a physician at Oxford: removed to London, where he made twenty guineas a day, 1684; became physician to j the Princess Anne, 1686; offended Anne by styling her I distemper nothing but the vapours, and was "succeeded by William Gibbons, c. 1695: annoyed many great people by his extraordinary candour, and declined to visit Queen Anne on her deathbed; made a number of remarkable cures. The Radcliffe Infirmary and Observatory, Oxford, were built, and Bartholomew's Hospital, London, enlarged from funds bequeathed by him.
John Radcliffe: '''John Radcliffe''' ([[1690]]-[[1729]]), physician: M.A. St. John's College, Oxford, 1714; M.D., 1721; F.R.C.P., 1724; physician to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London.
John Netten Radcliffe: '''John Netten Radcliffe''' ([[1826]]-[[1884]]), epidemiologist; brother of Charles Bland Radcliffe; was attached to the headquarters of Omar Pasha as surgeon during the Crimean war. He became an expert on oriental diseases and all questions pertaining to the public health; made public health inspector, 1869.

[edit] Section 1143

Nicholas Radcliffe: '''Nicholas Radcliffe''' (fl. [[1368]]-[[1396]]), opponent of Wycliffe; a monk of St. Albans; doctor of theology, Gloucester Hall, Oxford; was a prominent literary antagonist of Wycliffe, who stigmatised him and the Carmelite, Peter Stokes, as the black and white dogs.
Ralph Radcliffe: '''Ralph Radcliffe''' ([[1519]]?-[[1559]]), schoolmaster and playwright; educated at Brasenose College, Oxford, and (probably) Jesus College, Cambridge; M.A. Cambridge, 1639: opened a school at Hitcbiu; wrote several miracle plays for his pupils to act.
Radcliffe: '''Radcliffe''' or RATCLIFFE, SIR RICHARD (d. 1485), adviser of Richard III: knighted by Edward IV at Tewkesbury: executed Earl Rivers and others of the queen-dowager's party at Pontefract, 1483; loaded with honours and" grants by Richard III; K.G., 1484; killed at Bosworth.
Radcliffe: '''Radcliffe''' or RATCLIFFE, SIR ROBERT, first
of Sussex Earl: '''of Sussex Earl''' , first VISCOUNT FITZWALTKR, and second BARON FITZWALTER (1483-1542), sou of John Radcliffe, first baron Fitzwalter; obtained the reversal of his father's attainder in 1506: became a prominent courtier under Henry VIII: K.G., 1524; created viscount, 1525; privy councillor, 1526: created earl, 1529; appointed great chamberlain of England, 1640.
Radcliffe: '''Radcliffe''' 1081
Raglan: '''Raglan'''
Robert Radcliffe: '''Robert Radcliffe''' , fifth KARL OF 80MBC (1569 7-1629), only son of Sir 11:.ffe, url of Sussex; knighted at Cadiz, 1696; carl iiiiirshal in 1597 itn.l lf.nl,:u,.l sat in the commission to try Essex in 1601; a patron of men of Irtt
Radcliffe: '''Radcliffe''' Si it THOMAS, third EARL o Suwwx (1526 7-1683), eldest son of Sir Henry Radcliffe, necond earl of Sussex; educated at Cambridge: member of Gray's Inn, 1661; held a command at Pinkie Oleuffh, 1647: knight of the shire for Norfolk, 1663: rendered Queen Mary great service in uppreMiog Wyatt's rebel* lion: assisted in the marriage negotiations with Philip II, and in 1566 was appointed lord-deputy of Ireland: wan a vigorous administrator, carry ing hi-* arms through a large part of the country; returned to England on the news of Queen Mary's death, but was reappointed, July 1689, and reintroduced the spirituul supremacy of the crown and the Kngli-h liturgy: involved (1660-3) in a straggle with Shane O'Neill in Tyrone; failed to giibdae O'Neill, and early in 1664 was permitted to resign his office, tearing behind him a reputation for statesmanship which grew with succeeding years: employed to negotiate Queen Elizabeth's marriage with the Archduke Maximilian, 1667, and (1669) was created lord president of the north: dealt successfully with the rebellion of 1669, stowing more leniency than Queen Elizabeth approved, and (1670) pursued the rebels into Scotland; supported the project of a French match for HUM IJMlKh both in 1671 and 1678, and thus came into conflict with Leicester,
William Radcliffb: '''William Radcliffb''' ([[1760]]-[[1841]]), improver of cotton machinery: began business at Mel lor as a spinner and weaver, 1789: removed to Stockport, 1801: brought out (1804) thedressing-machineinvented by his employe, Thomas Johnson: reaped little pecuniary benefit from this and other sen-ices rendered to the trade; died in poverty.
Radclyffe: '''Radclyffe'''
Edward Radclyffe: '''Edward Radclyffe''' ([[1809]]-[[1863]]), engraver: son of William Radclyffe (1788-1866); worked for the Art Journal aud engraved charts for the admiralty.
William Radclyffe: '''William Radclyffe''' ([[1813]]-[[1846]]), portrait painter: son of William Hadclyffe (1783-1866); practised in London and Birmingham.
William Radclyffe: '''William Radclyffe''' ([[1783]]-[[1855]]), line-engraver : practised in Birmingham, where lie formed a school of engravers of great ability.
John Radford: '''John Radford''' ([[1561]]-[[1630]]), Jesuit : educated at Douay: ordained priest, 1687; missioner in England, 1689-1630.
Thomas Radford: '''Thomas Radford''' ([[1793]]-[[1881]]), obstetrician; studied at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals, London: elected surgeon to the Manchester and Salford Lying-in Hospital, 1818: M.D. Heidelberg, 1839: F.R.C.S., 1852; author of many papers on midwifery.
William Dk Radley: '''William Dk Radley''' (i. [[1360]]).
Earls Radnor: '''Earls Radnor''' op. See ROBARTKS, SIR JOHX, first EARL, 1606-1688: BOUVKKIF, WILLIAM PLKYDKLL-, third EARL of the second creation, 1779-1869.
Bahoxs Radstock: '''Bahoxs Radstock''' . See WALDBGRAVK, WILUAM, first BARON, 1753-1826: WALDKGRAVK, GKORUK GRANVILLE, second BARON, 1786-1867.
Radulph: '''Radulph'''
Rae: '''Rae'''
Alexander Rae: '''Alexander Rae''' ([[1782]]-[[1820]]), actor : appeared at Bath as Hamlet, 1806, and at the Haynmrket, London, as Octavian, 1806: first appeared at Drury Lane. London, 1812, remaining there till 1820: undertook (1830) the management of the Royalty Theatre, London, which speedily ruined him.
Sir David Rae: '''Sir David Rae''' , first baronet, LORD ESKOROVK (1724 7-1804), lord-justice clerk: studied law at Edinburgh University: became a lord of session, 1783, a lord of justiciary, 1786, and lord-justice clerk, 1799; one of those who tried Thomas Fyshe Palmer and other Scots charged with sedition: created baronet, 1804; was a judge of ability, though with many absurdities of de teaching of clinical surgery at Edinburgh on a firm and broad platform bj bU lectures at the Royal Infirmary.
John Rae: '''John Rae''' ([[1813]]-[[1893]]), Arctic explorer; qualified as a surgeon at Kdinburyh, 18U: a surgeon in U employ of the Hudson's Bay Company; Joined the first land expedition In searc): ranklln, 1847, and in 1881 htoMOHH W UHMta mm k parta rhUhoMi MI v, i IN* 1-ivi: 8M. ftlA*M mtm PMMI fcMMM fate from the natives on the west coast of Boothia, and ototaiMd !.. mmammt mnai -. Mytmi !*; KB I* 1880: hon. LL.D. Edinburgh.
Peter Rae: '''Peter Rae''' ([[1671]]-[[1748]]), mechanic and historian : iy:i Hockmaker; minister of Kirkoonuel, 17831748; published a History of the Rebellion of 1716 1718.

[edit] Section 1144

Rae: '''Rae''' Sin WILLIAM, third baronet ([[1769]]-[[1843]]), lord advocate: son of Sir David Rae, lord Eskgrove; studied at Edini.indi University: appointed lord advocate, 1819; M.I. An-truth.T buryh*. 1H19-26. Harwich, 1827, Buteshire, 1830 and 1833-42, I'ortarlington, 1881-3; intimate friend of Sir Walter Scott
Sir William Rae: '''Sir William Rae''' ([[1788]]-[[1873]]), naval surgeon: M.D. Edinburgh: L.R.O.P., 1839: F.R.C.8 1848; knighted, 1868: attained the rank of inspector-general of hospitals and fleets.
Raeburn: '''Raeburn''' Sin HENRY ([[1768]]-[[1833]]), portraitpainter: sometimes called the Scottish Reynolds son of an Edinburgh manufacturer; began to paint watercolour miniatures of his friends at the age of sixteen; married, 1778, Ann Leslie, a widow of fortune, and, on the advice of Reynolds, resolved to study his art in Rome; returned to Edinburgh, 1787, and was for thirty years a fashionable portrait-painter, during which he painted every contemporary of note except Burns; R.A., 1818; knighted, 1822. His works are to be found chiefly in the private houses of Scotland, but the two Edinburgh gal* leries own many fine examples.
Elizabeth Raffald: '''Elizabeth Raffald''' ([[1733]]-[[1781]]), cook and author; daughter of Joshua Whitaker: employed in various families as housekeeper: married John Raffald. head-gardener at Arley, 1763; compiled the first Manchester directory, 1773.
Thomas Raffles: '''Thomas Raffles''' ([[1788]]-[[1863]]), independent ruinator: was minister of George Yard Chapel, Hammer, smith, 1809-11, and of Nvwingtou Chapel, Liverpool, 1811-62; one of the chief founders aud organisers of the Lancashire Independent College.
Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles: '''Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles''' ([[1781]]-[[1836]]), colonial governor; entered the East India Company's service and landed in Penang, 1806: assisted in the reduction of Java, and was appointed lieutenant-KOvernor, j 1811; continued to hold office until the restoration of Java to the Dutch in 1815, and introduced a new system of land tenure and ether changes: acquired immense I scientific, historical, and philological knowledge in regard to the East India islands, which lie embodied in his History of Java* (1817); knighted, 1817; from 1818 resided chiefly in Bencoolen, of which he had been appointed governor by Lord Minto; persuaded the company to acquire the island of Singapore, 1819; returned to England, but lost all his papers, besides his Immense zoological and botanical collections, owing to the vessel in which they were embarked catching fire, 1834; lived in retirement for the rest of his life near Barnet, occupying himself with the foundation of the Zoological Society, of which he was the first president
Catherine Raftor: '''Catherine Raftor''' ([[1711]]-[[1788]]). See OUVR,
Cathkrink: '''Cathkrink'''
Thomas Raoo: '''Thomas Raoo''' ([[1808]]-[[1881]]), divine and poet; son of George Rag?, a prominent radical: became a bookseller's assistant, 1834: began to publish poetry, and (1839) turned newspaper editor: ordained, 1888, and (1866) appointed perpetual curate of Lawley; published poems and work.s dealing with the relation of science to theology.
Raglan: '''Raglan''' first BARON ([[1788]]-[[1868]]). SeeSOMBM*
Fitzkoy Jamb Lord: '''Fitzkoy Jamb Lord''' * HKNRT.
Rahere: '''Rahere''' 1082
Raleg: '''Raleg''' -H
Bjmm: '''Bjmm''' * (. [[1141]]), founder of St. Bartholomew's Hospital London. pn-lM-ndury of St. Paul's, London; Sewn to build St. Bartholomew's Hospital on Its present .K 1123, was it* first master till 1137, and obtained a royml charter for It, 1133.
Charles Raikes: '''Charles Raikes''' ([[1812]]-[[1885]]), writer on India; commoner of Lahore: O.S.I., 1866.
Raike: '''Raike''' 8 HENRY ([[1782]]-[[1854]]), divine: brother of TlKmuw Rates: of Kton and St. John's College, bridge- M.A., 1807: chancellor of the diocese of nu--wr,l0-4: zealously promoted archa?olofpcal research in the county; published sermons,
Henry Cecil Kaixeb: '''Henry Cecil Kaixeb''' ([[1838]]-[[1891]]), politician: grandson of Henry Haikes: B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1860; barrister, Middle Temple, 1863: entered parliament as a conservative, 1868-80 (M.P., Chester): chairman of committee?, 1874-80: M.P., Preston, 1882, Cambridge University, 1888: postmaster-general, 1886 -91. Xlvil. 16 J
Robert Raikes: '''Robert Raikes''' ([[1735]]-[[1811]]), promoter of Sunday school*: a printer at Gloucester: opened his first school in 1780: was not strictly the originator of the idea of teaching children on Sunlay, but spread the knowledge of a plan for cheap schools, which was adapted to the wants of the day, ami was really the origin of the modern system. C*l- 168 1
Thomas Raikes: '''Thomas Raikes''' ([[1777]]-[[1848]]), dandy and diarist ; nephew of Robert Raikes; educated at Eton; was a London merchant and a governor of the Bank of England: a well-known figure in west-end clubs and an associate of George Brummell. His diary was published in UM and 1857.
William Railton: '''William Railton''' (rf. [[1877]]), architect ; designed the Nelson memorial in Trafalgar Square, London, in 1839.
Abraham Raimbach: '''Abraham Raimbach''' ([[1776]]-[[1843]]), line-engraver: executed, between 1814 and 1825, six large engravings of the pictures of Sir David Wilkie; wrote Memoirs and Recollections(privately printed, 1843).
Rainborowe Rainborow: '''Rainborowe Rainborow''' , or RAINS-
Thomas Borough: '''Thomas Borough''' (rf. [[1648]]), soldier ; son of William raluborow: served in the parliamentary fleet and army and (1645) received command of a regiment; M.P., Droitwicb, 1646; sided with the army in opposing disbandmcnt, 1647: led the republican section among the officers, and opposed further negotiations with Charles I; proceeded to sea as vice-admiral, 1648; occasioned a mutiny by his imperious demeanour, and in May 1648 returned to the army: while besieging Pontefract was surprised by a party of cavaliers, and mortally wounded while resisting capture.
William Rainborow: '''William Rainborow''' (d. [[1642]]), naval commander: was a master in the navy in 1626; successfully commanded a punitive expedition to Sallee, 1637.
Edward Rainbows: '''Edward Rainbows''' ([[1608]]-[[1684]]), bishop of Carlisle; of Westminster School, Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and Magdalene College, Cambridge: M.A. Cambridge, 1630: D.D., 1646: elected fellow of Magdalene College, Cambridge, 1633; master, 1642; expelled from his mastership by parliament, 1650, but restored, 1660; dean of Peterborough, 1661-4; bishop of Carlisle, 16641684: famous as a preacher.

[edit] Section 1145

James Raine: '''James Raine''' ([[1791]]-[[1858]]), antiquary and topographer; formed an acquaintance with Surtees, 1812, and liecame an enthusiastic antiquary and topographer; librarian to the dean and chapter of Durham, 1816-58 rector of Meldon, 1822-58; M.A. Lambeth, 1825; became literary executor to Surtees, and edited the fourth volume of hisHistory of Durham 1840; published the two volumes of bis own History of North Durham 1880 and 1K5J; bon. D.C.L. Durham, 1857.
Matthew Raine: '''Matthew Raine''' ([[1760]]-[[1811]]), schoolmaster and divine: fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1784; M.A., 178*: D.D., 1799; head-master of Charterhouse School, 1791-1811; P.R.S., 1803; Parr and Person were his in. tlmate friends.
Francis Robert Raines: '''Francis Robert Raines''' ([[1805]]-[[1878]]), antiquary: perpetual curate of St James, Milnrow, 1H32-78; PAA., 1K43; helped to found tbe Chetharo Society, 1848, and contributed some oitin; most valuable of its works; M.A. Lambeth, 1845.
George Rainey: '''George Rainey''' ([[1801]]-[[1884]]), anatomist; tantrbt anatomy privately in London between 1827 and 1837; M.R.O.S., 1827; became demonstrator at St. Thomas's Hospital, 1846, t.nd was one of the ablest instructors in London; published scientific works.
Elizabeth Rainforth: '''Elizabeth Rainforth''' ([[1814]]-[[1877]]), vocalist; first sung in public, 1H36; subsequently performed at St. James's Theatre, London, the English Opera House, London, Covent Garden, London, and Drury Lane, London. Her voice was soprano.
Peter Rainier: '''Peter Rainier''' ([[1741]] 7-[[1808]]), admiral : entered the navy, 1756; attained post rank, 1778: eomtnaixlerin-chief in the East Indies, 1793-1804, capturing Trincomalee, Amboyna, and Banda Neira; admiral, 1805.
Rainolds: '''Rainolds'''
Rainolds: '''Rainolds''' or REYNOLDS, JOHN ([[1549]]-[[1607]]), president of Corpus Christi College, Oxfoni; brother of William Rainolds; was a fellow of Corpus Ohristi College. Oxford (1566-86), where he became famous as Greek reader for his lectures on Aristotle; B.A., 1568; dean of Lincoln, 1593-8: president of Corpus Christi College, Oxfoni, 1598-1607: took a prominent part in the Hampton Court conference and in the translation of the Prophets for the Authorised Version.
William Rainolds: '''William Rainolds''' ([[1544]]?-[[1594]]), Roman catholic divine; of Winchester School and New College, Oxford: fellow of New College, Oxfoni, 1560-72; M.A., 1567; received into the Roman church, 1576; became professor of divinity and Hebrew at the English College at Rheims, and assisted Gregory Martin in preparing his version of the New Testament; published controversial works.
Rainsborottgh: '''Rainsborottgh'''
Charles Rainsford: '''Charles Rainsford''' ([[1728]]-[[1809]]), general; entered the army, 1744, and saw much active service: M.P., Maldon, 1773, Beeralston, 1787, and Newport, 1790; F.R.S., 1779; general, 1795. He left forty volumes of manuscript memoranda, now in the British Museum.
Marcus Rainsford: '''Marcus Rainsford''' (fl. [[1794]]-[[1805]]), author; held a commission in the army, and published accounts of St. Domingo and Hayti, which he had visited.
Rainsford: '''Rainsford''' Sm RICHARD ([[1605]]-[[1680]]), judge ; of Exeter College, Oxford; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1632 (treasurer, 1660); M.P. for Northampton in Convention parliament of 1660 and Charles II's first parliament; knighted, c. 1661; raised to the exchequer bench, 1663; transferred to the king's bench, 1669; removed to make room for Scroggs, 1678.
Rainton: '''Rainton''' Sm NICHOLAS ([[1569]]-[[1646]]), lord mayor of London; member of the HaberdashersCompany; became lord mayor, 1632; president of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, 1634-46; imprisoned by Star Chamber (1640) for refusing to furnish a list of citizens able to advance money to Charles I, but released five days later.
Harry Rainy: '''Harry Rainy''' ([[1792]]-[[1876]]), physician ; studied at Glasgow and Edinburgh: M.D. Glasgow, 1833; acquired a large practice in Glasgow; professor of forensic medicine at Glasgow University, 1841-62; hon. LL.D. Glasgow University, 1873.
John Raithby: '''John Raithby''' ([[1766]]-[[1826]]), lawyer; barrister, Lincoln's Inn; published anonymously, The Study and Practice of the Law considered 1798.
Sir Carew Ralegh: '''Sir Carew Ralegh''' ([[1550]]?-[[1625]]?), naval commander; brother of Sir Walter Ralegh; M.P., Wiltshire, 1586,Ludgershall, 1589, and Downton,1604 and 1621; knighted, 1601.
Carew Ralegh: '''Carew Ralegh''' ([[1605]]-[[1666]]), politician ; only surviving son of Sir Walter Ralegh; of Wadham College, Oxford; was restored in blood, 1628; M.P., Hanlemere, 1648-53 and 1659; nominated governor of Jersey, 1660.
Ralegh: '''Ralegh''' Sm WALTER ([[1552]] ?-[[1618]]), military and naval commander and author; son of Walter Ralegh, a Devonshire gentleman; born at Hayes? Barton in South
Ralegh: '''Ralegh'''
Ralph: '''Ralph''' Devon: educated at Oriel College, Oxford; served France iu the Huguenot army at Jarnac and MI 1509; undertook avoyage of di*covery with hi* halfbrother. Sir Humphrey Gilbert, 1578, and (June 1680) -:ii!."t to Ireland as capUin of a company; put to death the Spanish nnd Italian garrison of the Fort del ro at Smcrwick in accordance with the lord deputy's order, 1580; was sent to EngUad with despatches, 1681, and at nnce ciniirht Queen Elizabeth's fancy; remained at court for several years, the recipient of Queen Elizabeth's bounties to an extent which gave much occasion for scandal; obtained numerous grants, and (1584) was knighted; obtained a patent to take possession of on* known lauds in America in Queen Elizabeth's name, 1684, and on the return of a preliminary expedition the seaboard of the continent from Florida to Newfoundland wu christened Virginia (first settlement made by Sir Richard Orenville(1541 7-1591), 1585, abandoned, 1586: after several unsuccessful expeditions, in 1603 the patent lapsed to the crown); never visited Virginia himself, though the traditional story that potatoes and tobacco were introduced into England in consequence of these attempt* at colonisation is probably correct: placed on a commuwiou to draw up a plan of defence against Invasion from Spain, 1588; found his influence somewhat lessened by a quarrel with the new favourite, Essex, 1588, and (1592) was committed to the Tower of London by Queen Elizabeth, who discovered that he had carried on an intrigue with Elizabeth Throgmorton; released, but subsequently marrying Elizabeth Throgmorton was forbidden the court: settled at Sherborne and took an active part in parliamentary proceedings; interested himself in the Spanish legend of the fabulous wealth of Manoa, and (1596) undertook an expedition in search of the city; failed to find Manoa, but brought back specimens of goldbearing quartz; took a brilliant part in the expedition against Cadiz, 1596, and (1597) equally distinguished himself in the Azores; deprived of most of his offices on the accession of James I, whose mind had been set against him; was sent to the Tower of London on the charge of conspiring against James I, 1603: found guilty, November 1603; reprieved, December 1603; hail apartments in the upper storey of the Bloody Tower, where he lived with his wife and son until 1616, when his friends succeeded in persuading James i to permit him to undertake another expedition to the Orinoco in search of gold, the expenses of the adventure being defrayed by himself and his wife and the gentlemen adventurers who gathered round him; had strict orders not to engage in hostilities with the Spaniards: his fleet scattered by foul winds and storms; on arriving at the Isle de Salut remained behind with the ships, being too feeble from the effects of fever to proceed, and placed the expedition up the river under the command of Laurence Kemys, who failed after burning the Spanish settlement of San Tomus; could not induce his men to make another effort, and returned to England, 1618; his punishment demanded by the Spanish minister on the news of the destruction of San Tomas; arrested at Ashburton and lodged in the Tower of London, after an attempt to escape to France; executed in Old Palace Yard, Westminster, in pursuance of his former sentence, 29 Oct. 1618. His remains were buried in St. Margaret's, Westminster. Much of his poetry is lost. About thirty short pieces survive, the principal of which is a fragment called Cynthia, the Lady of the Sea In prose he published A Report of the Truth of the Fight about the Isles of Azores (1591), The Discovery of the Empyre of Guiana (1596), and hisHistory of the World(1614), which he carried down to B.C. 130. He wrote many essays on political subjects, some of which were published after his death.
Ralegh: '''Ralegh''' or RALEIGH, WALTER ([[1586]]-[[1646]]), divine; son of Sir Carew Ralegh; of Winchester College and Magdalen Hall, Oxford: M.A., 1608; created D.D., 1636; held a number of minor preferments, and as a staunch royalist suffered grievously during the civil war: appointed dean of Wells, 1641; made a prisoner, roughly treated, and mortally wounded iu a scuffle at Wells.
Alexander Raleigh: '''Alexander Raleigh''' ([[1817]]-[[1880]]), nonconformist divine: congregational pastor at Greenock, 18461847, Rotherham, 1860-6, Glasgow, 1856-8: Canonbury, London, 1858-76, and Kensington, 1876-80: made D.D. Glasgow, 1865. He bad a wide reputation as a preacher.
William Raleigh: '''William Raleigh''' I,K ( . [[1250]]), succeivdj bishop of Norwich and Winchester: appointed one of the justice* of the bench and justice* itinerant. 1228; consecrated bishop of Norwich in 1139, and translated to Winchester in 1244: had been elected to the see of Winchester in 1238, but his nomination being rejected by Henry III, only obtained admission when supported by an interdict.
Jambs Ralfe: '''Jambs Ralfe''' (.I. [[1820]]-[[1829]]), writer on naval history: author ofThe Naval Biography of Great Britain (1838) and other works.

[edit] Section 1146

Ralf: '''Ralf''' 8, JOHN ([[1807]]-[[1890]]), botanist ; practiwd for a time an a surgeon, but in 1837 settled at Penzance, abandoned his profession, and devoted himself to botany: president of the Penzance Natural History and Antiquarian Society. 1883-4; published British Phwnogamoos Plant* and Ferns 1839, and The British Desmlde* 1848.
Ralph: '''Ralph'''
Thk Timid Ralph: '''Thk Timid Ralph''' , EARL OF HEREFORD (. [[1067]]). Norman noble; came to England (1041) with Edward the Confessor, whose sister, Godgif u, was his mother; became Earl of Worcester in 1042; supported Edward against Codwin in 1051, receiving Swegen's earldom of Herefordshire; defeated by Ifgar and his Welsh allies in 1056..
Op Ralph: '''Op Ralph''' VADKU, EARL or NORFOLK (Jt. [[1070]]).
Ralph: '''Ralph''' op TOKRNT (d. [[1102]]), Norman baron ; hereditary standard-bearer of Normandy: fought at Hastings, 1066, and was rewarded by large grants of land; supported William Rufus against bis brother Robert.
Op Mortrmkr Ralph: '''Op Mortrmkr Ralph''' (d. [[1104]] ?).
Ralph: '''Ralph''' n'Escuura, sometimes called RALPH DR TmmxK. 1122), archbishop of Canterbury; became a monk of Seez, 1079, and abbot, 1089; tied to England from the violence of Robert of Belleme, 1100, and (1108) was consecrated bishop of Rochester: became administrator of the diocese of Canterbury on Auselm's death in 1109, and (1114) was chosen archbishop; refused to consecrate Thurstan, archbishop-elect of York, unless he professed obedience to Canterbury, 1114; soon afterwards proceeded to Rome to represent to Pope Pascal 1 1 the ancient privileges of the kingdom, but could not prevent the eventual consecration of Thurstan in 1119 by Pope Calixtus at Rheims; the controversy Kill undecided at his death, in spite of Thurstan's having obtained possession of his see; convinced Henry I that the matter concerned the unity of the kingdom, propounding the maxim, One primate, one king
Radttlf Ralph: '''Radttlf Ralph''' , RAKULF, or RANDULF (d. 1123), chancellor: was chancellor from 1107-8 till his death; his administration was described as unjust and oppressive.
Ralph: '''Ralph''' called LUFPA (. [[1123]]), bishop of Chlchester : consecrated, 1091; supported Auselm against Rufus, and greatly raised the dignity of his see.
Ralph: '''Ralph''' (d. [[1144]] ?X bishop of Orkney ; consecrated before 1114 by the* archbishop of York, but ignored by the people of the Islands, who regarded the primate of Trondhjem as their head: never went Into residence, though his cause was espoused by the papacy: friend of Thuretau
Gorion Ralph: '''Gorion Ralph''' or GUBIUN (f. [[1161]]), abbot of St. Albans; elected abbot, 1146: remarkable for his love of learning and his large collection of books,
Ralph: '''Ralph''' (. [[1160]]?), theological writer; was almoner of Westminster and prior of Hurley; one or two of his writings are extant.
Ralph: '''Ralph''' (. [[1174]]), bishop of Bethlehem and chancellor of the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem; stated by William ol Tyre to have been an Englishman; first appears in a charter of 1146 as chancellor under Baldwin III; nominated archbishop of Tyre, 1147, but his appointment invalidated, 1150, by Bugeulus; elected bishop of U.thlehem, 1166.
Ralph: '''Ralph''' 1084
Ramsay: '''Ramsay'''
Ralph: '''Ralph''' 'i Pi. i.nv- or RALPH OK DUNSTABLE (JL 1 180 ?, learned writer; was probably a monk of St. Albans and a native of Duutuhlo; turned into verse proae lives of St. Alban and St. Ampbibalus.
Niger Ralph: '''Niger Ralph''' (Ji. [[1170]]).
Dk Dickto Ralph: '''Dk Dickto Ralph''' (rf. [[180]]S ?).
of Cogoeshall Ralph: '''of Cogoeshall Ralph''' (fl. [[1207]]). Sec COGGES
Ualu: '''Ualu'''
Ralph: '''Ralph''' or RANDULPH OK EVKSHAM (rf. [[1229]]). abbot of Evesham; elected abbot, 1214.
of Bristol Ralph: '''of Bristol Ralph''' (rf. [[1232]]), bishop of Kildare; consecrated. 1223; wrote a life of St. Laurence OToole, archbishop of Dublin.
of Ralph: '''of Ralph''' MunsroNK (rf. [[1246]]), bishop of Hereford ; taught in the schools of Oxford and Paris; consecrated biahop, 1834, but resigned, 1239, in order to euter the Franciscan order.
Booking Ralph: '''Booking Ralph''' (rf. [[1270]]).
of Shrewsbury Ralph: '''of Shrewsbury Ralph''' (rf. [[1363]]), bishop of Bath and Wells; chancellor of Oxford University, 1328; consecrated, 1399; active in reforming abuses. especially in the religious houses of his diocese.

[edit] Section 1147

George Keith Ralph: '''George Keith Ralph''' ( fi. [[1778]]-[[1796]]), portraitpainter; exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1778-96.
James Ralph: '''James Ralph''' ([[1705]] ?-[[1762]]), miscellaneous writer ; born in Pennsylvania: accompanied Franklin to England, 1724; attacked Pope in a coarse satire, 1728, and in 1744 and 1746 published a History of England (1688-1727) in two volumes; became subsequently a journalist, and showed sufficient ability to induce the Pelham ministry to purchase his pen. The Histoire du Prince Titi (1736), a eulogy of Prince Frederick, lias been incorrectly attributed to him.
Raleston Ralston: '''Raleston Ralston''' , or RATILSTON, JOHN (rf. 1458). bishop of Duukeld: LL.D., 1440; appointed secretary to James II of Scotland, 1444; keeper of the privy seal, 1447-9; bishop of Dunkeld, 1447-52; became high treasurer, 1449.
William Ralston Shedden Ralston: '''William Ralston Shedden Ralston''' - ([[1828]]1889), Russian scholar; son of W. P. Ralston Shedden; BJL. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1850: called to the bar: assumed the additional name of Ralston (r. 1852), after his father hud unsuccessfully claimed the Ralstou estates in Ayrshire; assistant in the printed book department at the British Museum (1853-75), where he acquired a knowledge of Russian and edited several Russian translations.
James Ram: '''James Ram''' ([[1793]]-[[1870]]), conveyancer* andegal author; M.A. Pembroke College, Cambridge, 1823; barrister, Inner Temple, 1823; published legal treatises.
Robert Ram: '''Robert Ram''' (fl. [[1643]]-[[1655]]), divine : son of Thomas Ram; graduated at Trinity College, Dublin was minister of Spaldiug; supported the cause of parliament in his speeches and writings.
Thomas: '''Thomas''' ([[1664]]-[[1634]]), bishop of Ferns and Leighhn; educated at Eton: fellow of King's College, Cambridge; accompanied Essex to Ireland as chaplain 1599; consecrated bishop, 1605.
Francis Hopkins Ramadge: '''Francis Hopkins Ramadge''' ([[1793]]-[[1867]]), medical writer; M.A.and M.B. Trinity College, Dublin, 1819 (incorporated M.B. St. Alban Hall, Oxford 1821); M D Oxford, 1821; F.R.C.P., 1822; censor, 1825; senior phyl alcian at the Central Infirmary and Dispensary, London;
Craupurd Tait Ramaoe: '''Craupurd Tait Ramaoe''' -e laneotM writer: M.A. Edinburgh, 1825; was for fifteen ?E t S r * ta t 1 be r famll y of Thoma8 Spring-Rice, first baron Mouteagle; became rector of Wallace .S f,? 1 1842: P ubll8hedour anthologies, entitled Beautiful Thought* besides other writings,
Heinrich Johann: '''Heinrich Johann''' ( [[1763]]-[[1840]]), hisnii, t P ainter: born to Hanover; came to and returned to Hanover, 1792, when he appointed electoral court painter.
Willtam: '''Willtam''' ( [[1645]]-[[1676]]). See
Alkx Ramkins: '''Alkx Ramkins''' .VNDER ([[1672]]-[[1719]]?), adhi-ivnt of Jauu*s 1 1: studied at Aberdeen University; fought in Scotland and Ireland at the time of the revolution, and afterwards served in the French army.
Ramsay: '''Ramsay''' Sm ALEXANDER (rf. [[1342]]), of Dalhousie, Scottish patriot; held a command in the engagement of Boroughmuir, 1335, and relieved Duubar, 1338; captured Roxburgh Castle from the English, 1342, but im-nnv 1 tinenmity of William Douglas of Liddesdale, who seized him and left him to perish of hunger in the castle of the Hermitage.
Sir Alexander Ramsay: '''Sir Alexander Ramsay''' (rf. [[1402]]), of Dalhousie Scottish noble; killed at Houiildon Hill.
Ramsay: '''Ramsay''' Sm ALEXANDER (fl. [[1424]]-[[1451]]), Scottish noble; probably grandson of Sir Alexander Ramsay (rf. 1402); routed an English force at Piperden, 1435.
Allan Ramsay: '''Allan Ramsay''' ([[1686]]-[[1758]]), Scottish poet: an Edinburgh wig-maker by trade; became laureate of the Jacobite Easy Club 1715, and (c. 1717) abandoned witrmaking for bookselling; published his collected poems, 1721, the Tea-table Miscellany 1724-7, and (1725) his pastoral drama, The Gentle Shepherd which achieved instant success; ceased to write after 1730, and in 1755 retired from business; edited a number of ancient Scottish poems, and freely tampered with the text,
Allan Ramsay: '''Allan Ramsay''' ([[1713]]-[[1784]]), painter; eldest child of Allan Ramsay (1686-1758) q. v.J; studied in London ; and on the continent; found employment in Edinburgh as a portrait-painter for some years, but (c. 1756) migrated ; to London, where Walpole considered that he excelled Reynolds as a painter of women; became portrait-painter to George III, 1767. He was one of the Johnsonian group, and was distinguished for knowledge of the world and social charm.
Andrew Ramsay: '''Andrew Ramsay''' ([[1574]]-[[1659]]), Scottish divine and Latin poet: educated at St. Andrews; studied theology in France and became professor at Saumur; returned to Scotland, c. 1606, and became a minister in Edinburgh, 1614, professor of divinity, 1620, and rector of the college, posts which he resigned in 1626; refused to read Laud's prayer book, and for this was silenced by the privy council, 1637; became a leading covenanter for a time, but (1649) was deposed for refusing to preach against the engagement; restored, 1655; published sacred poems in Latin.
Sir Andrew Ramsay: '''Sir Andrew Ramsay''' , first baronet, Loiiu AB-
Botshall: '''Botshall''' ([[1620]] ?-[[1688]]), lord provost of Edinburgh ; eldest son of Andrew Ramsay; lord provost, 1654-7 and 1662-73; knighted, 1655 and 1660; created baronet, 1669; named privy councillor and admitted lord of session, 1671; became very unpopular, and was obliged to resign his offices, 1673.
Sir Andrew Orombie Ramsay: '''Sir Andrew Orombie Ramsay''' ([[1814]]-[[1891]]), geologist; devoted himself to the study of geology from an early age, and (1841) obtained employment on the geological survey; was appointed professor of geology at University College, London, 1847, but still preserved his connection with the survey, of which he became senior director for England and Wales, 1862, and director-general, 1871; president of the Geological Society, 1862-4; F.R.S., 1862 (royal medallist, 1880): retired from the geological survey and was knighted, 1881; underrated palaeontology and petrology, and devoted most of his attention to district stratigraphy.
Andrew Michael Ramsay: '''Andrew Michael Ramsay''' ([[1686]]-[[1743]]), tutor to Prince Charles Edward; son of an Ayrshire baker; educated at Edinburgh University; became a Roman catholic in 1710 under the influence of Fern-Ion, and in 1724 became tutor to Prince James Edward's two sons; came to England, 1728, and was made F.R.S. and LL.D. St. Mary Hall, Oxford; author of a number of works, the most notable being his Voyages de Cyrus (1727), in imitation of Telemaque and Philosophical Principles of Natural and Revealed Religion explained and unfolded in a Geometrical Order published, 1749.
Charles Aloysius Ramsay: '''Charles Aloysius Ramsay''' (fl. [[1677]]-[[1683]]), writer on stenography; resided in Germany and France; became known as the publisher of a system of shorthand in Latin.
Ramsay: '''Ramsay'''
Ramsay: '''Ramsay'''

[edit] Section 1148

David Ramsay: '''David Ramsay''' (d. [[1642]]), courtier; brother of Sir James llamsay; groom of the bedchamber to I'riucc Henry: imprisoned in the Tower of Louden, in consequence of a quarrel with Lord Iteuy, 1631.
David Ramsay: '''David Ramsay''' (d. [[1663]] "f clockmaker to James I and Charles I; appointed cloekmaker extraordinary to Jnmes I, 1613, and (1618) chief clockmaker: was also a to permit the mien of various native state* to carry on the succession by the expedient of adopting an heir: MUMM to imalM t:, Stod Mk 3 ril -t student of the occult science* and an inventor.
Edward Bannerman Ramsay: '''Edward Bannerman Ramsay''' dean of K.iintnuvl,; it.A..-t. John 1 * CollegeCambridge. 1816: ordained, 1816; went to Edinburgh, 1824; dean of Edinburgh, 1841-79, becoming generally known in Sootlaud as Dean Ramsay; published ( 18*8) his Remlnisomees of Scottish Life and Character by which he to most widely known.
Fox Maulk Ramsay: '''Fox Maulk Ramsay''' , eleventh BAHL ov DAL-
Hmimk: '''Hmimk''' and second liAUux PAXMUKK ([[1801]]-[[1874]]). See
Maulk: '''Maulk''' Fox.
Sir George Ramsay: '''Sir George Ramsay''' , ninth baronet ([[1800]]-[[1871]]), philosophical writer; of Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge; B.A., IMS; M.B., 1896; contributed voluminously to philosophical topics, but made no addition of importance to philosophic Inquiry.
George Ramsay: '''George Ramsay''' , twelfth* EARL or D.M.M.X IK awl first BAKUN RAMSAY (1806-1880), entered the navy, 1820: C.B., 1866; Hucceeded hi* cousin. Fox Maule Ramsay, eleventh earl of Dalhousie, 1874; created Baron Ramsay of the United Kingdom, 1876; admiral, 1876.
Sik James Ramsay: '''Sik James Ramsay''' ([[1689]]7-[[1638]]), soldier ; nearly related to Sir John Ramsay, earl of Holderness; accompanied James VI to England on his accession, and afterwards fought under Gustaviu Adolphus; mortally wounded while defending Hanover against the imiterialista.
James Ramsay: '''James Ramsay''' ([[1624]]7-[[1696]]), bishop of Ross; lanreated at Glasgow University, 1647; ordained minister of Kirkintilloch, 1668; was transferred to Liullthgow, 1685; rector of Glasgow University, 1666-71; bishop of Dunblane, 1673: translated to Ross, 1684; expelled from office on the abolition of episcopacy; died in great poverty.
James Ramsay: '''James Ramsay''' ([[1733]]-[[1789]]X divine and philanthropist; studied at King's College, Aberdeen; served as a surgeon In the navy in earlier life, but afterwards took holy orders; settled in the West Indies and interested himself in the negroes; came into collision with the planters: accepted a naval chaplaincy, 1778; presented to a living in Kent, 1781; endeavoured to stimulate a movement in England in favour of the abolition of slavery; bore the brunt of the struggle almost unaided for some time, but latterly was supported by Wilberforcc and others.
James Eamsay: '''James Eamsay''' ([[1786]]-[[1864]]), portrait-painter; began to exhibit at the Royal Academy, 1803; continued to paint until 1849. oto i:v..-.... -.-,..1 ,.Pl,T.,: ! B Hi Qj:.:..:..r-..-.,:-.- ? ministration; returned to England, IBM, after prou*ung jpfMl t:., BNbMM at nda tafftb loraptta rr.-o., 5 Ete ko nfora v n m mg. rwstad vttk on hU arrival, but on the outbreak of the assailed on account of his policy of annexation and bis confidence In the native i great honour (1793-1872), mutiny in 1867 was army, though such charges were not supported by those cognisant of the aotuaL facts of the case.
Bam: '''Bam''' 8AY, SIR JOHN (d. [[1613]]), lord of Bothwell ; was one of the favourites of James III: escaped the vengeance of the nobles at Lander Bridge In 148* on account of his youth; was several times ambassador to the English court, but after the death of James III was forfeited by llament, 1488, and took refuge with Henry VII; nto Scotland, 1496, but continued to act in the parlia turned English interest
John Ramsay: '''John Ramsay''' (U9?-[[1661]]), divine: B.A. New Inn Hall, Oxford. 1514: B.D., 1622; ueeeMively prior of St. Mary's College, Oxford, and Merton Abbey, Surrey; adopted reformation principles and resigned bis priory; wrote two treatises.
Sir John Ramsay: '''Sir John Ramsay''' , BARON or BART BARKIS VIS-
Haddixgton Count: '''Haddixgton Count''' and EARL or HOLUKKXKBH ([[1580]]?1626 X favourite of James VI; assisted James VI in the Gowrie conspiracy by killing the Earl of Gowrie and bis brother, 1600, for which he was created a baron; accompanied James VI to England, and in 1606 was made a viscount, and In 1621 an earl.
John Ramsay: '''John Ramsay''' ([[1802]]-[[1879]]), poet; originally a carpet-weaver: travelled through Scotland for fifteen years " llg his poems, which were energetic and pic turesque.
Bam: '''Bam''' 8AY, SIR JOHN WILLIAM, thirteenth EARL or DALHOUSIK (1847-1887Xson of George Ramsay, twelfth earl of Dalbousie: entered the navy, 1861, but retired, 1879, and devoted himself to study and politics; i matriculated at Balliol College, Oxford, 1875: liberal M.P. for Liverpool, 1880; succeeded as earl, 1880: K.T., 1881: became secretary for Scotland, 1886.
Ramsay: '''Ramsay''' or RAMSEY, LAURENCE (ft. [[1660]]-[[1588]]X versifier; attacked the Roman catholics in verse.
Ramsay: '''Ramsay''' or RAMSEY, ROBERT (. [[1609]]-[[1689]]X musician; Mus. Bac. Cambridge, 1616; organist of Trinity College, Cambridge. Several of his compositions linve been preserved.
Robert Ramsay: '''Robert Ramsay''' ([[1842]]-[[1882]]X Australian politician; took bis seat in the legislative assembly of Victoria ! as member for East Bourke, 1870, and (1872) joined the Francis ministry, becoming postmaster-general in 1874; 1 became minister of public instruction, 1875; resigned, ! 1877, but (March 1880) joined Service's ministry, resigning, June 1880.
Sir James Andrew Broun Ramsay: '''Sir James Andrew Broun Ramsay''' , tenth
Earl: '''Earl''' and first MARQUIS OK DALHOUBIK ([[1812]]-[[1860]]), , governor-general of India; educated at Harrow and BAM8AY or RAMSEY, THOMAS Of. 3 I1-1653X Roman catholic agent; sou of a Soottbh physician; M.A. 1 Glasgow and Edinburgh; became a Roman catholic Glasgow and Edinburgh; abroad, and was sent to England on a mission in 1653, and took the name of Thomas Horsley; arrested soon after his arrival. Haddiugtonghire,1837; succeeded his father as tenth earl, and entered the House of Lords as second Baron Dalhousie, 1838; became president of the board of trade, 1846, and (1817) governor-general of India; during the second Sikh war established himself at Firozpur, near the scene of operations, and on its conclusion he was created a marquis; declared the Pan jab a British province, 1849, placing it under a board, of which he made Sir Henry Montgomery Lawrence president; issued his famous minute, by which he determined the character of Indian railways, 1853, resolving, in introducing the railway system into,,-j 7jjA niaVd" Isabel, countess of Fife, 1866, and to avail himself of private enterprise, while pro- VTM Invested with the earldom: fought on the French trol bv.,.,c c fxlvii.2611
Thomas Kennedy Ramsay: '''Thomas Kennedy Ramsay''' ( [[1826]]- [[1886]] ), Canadian judge and jurist; emigrated from Scotland in 1847; was admitted to the bar. 1862: Q.C., 1867; became (1878) a puisne judge of the queen's bench in Canada.
William Bajkay: '''William Bajkay''' , of Colluthic, BAHL or Pin? Tiding a system of direct but not vexatious control by government; introduced the electric telegraph and took measures for the suppression of suttee in native states, the suppression of dacoity, the alteration of the postal system, and the removal of imposts which shackled trade; undertook the second Burmese war, 1862, which ended in the annexation of Lower Burma; his policy of annexation much criticised, particularly with reference to his refusal side at Poitiers, 1366.

[edit] Section 1149

William Ramsay: '''William Ramsay''' , second
Dalhitsik: '''Dalhitsik''' and first EARL OK
Ramsay Baron: '''Ramsay Baron''' or
Wau: '''Wau''' nvbB .. _Ai.HorniK (rf. [[1674]]X succeeded his father as baron. 1C2-J: created earl. 1688 colonel in the covenanting army; aided Argyll agait Montn-e; supported ObarL II in 1661, and was flnei by Cromwell, lt64 Crli. *3
Ramsay: '''Ramsay''' 1086
Randolph: '''Randolph'''
Ramsay: '''Ramsay''' or EAMESEY, WILLIAM (J. [[1645]]-lG7u, physician and a'troloyer: son of David Ramsoy (d. 1653() ; utii'lu-il.it t. Andrews, Edinburgh; M.D. Montpcllier, 1662; phyMHun iu ordinary to Charles II; M.D. Cambridge by royal mandate, 1668; published medical and astrological works. _ LT, WILLIAM (1806-1865), classical scholar; brother of Sir George Rauisay; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1836; professor of humanity, Glasgow, 1831-66; publishedAu Elementary Manual of Homau Antiquities 1869, and editions of Latin classics.
William Norman Ramsay: '''William Norman Ramsay''' ([[1782]]-[[1816]]), major in the royal horse artillery; erftcred the army, 1798; served in Egypt and Spain with the horse artillery; distinw'iiislieii himself at Fueutes d'Onoro, 1811; brevetmajor, 1813; killed at Waterloo.
Fkanois Henry Ramsbotham: '''Fkanois Henry Ramsbotham''' ([[1801]]-[[1868]]), medical writer; M.D. Edinburgh, 1822; F.R.O.P. London, 1844; obstetric physician at the London Hospital; eminent as a lecturer and specialist in obstetrics.
Rams: '''Rams''' tfEN, JESSE ([[1735]]-[[1800]]), optician and mechanician; set up as an engraver iu 1762, and afterwards took out patents for important improvements in astronomical instruments; was renowned as an instrumentmaker throughout Europe, and had an enormous business, bat refused to raise his prices, and left but a small fortune.
Ramsey: '''Ramsey'''
William of Ramsey: '''William of Ramsey''' (. [[1219]]).
John Ranby: '''John Ranby''' ([[1703]]-[[1773]]), sergeant-surgeon ; F.R.S., 1724; became surgeon in ordinary to the king's household, 1738, sergeant-surgeon to George II, 1740, and principal sergeant-surgeon, 1743; induced government to found a corporation of surgeons distinct from that of the barbers, 1746, and became the first master; chief work 4 The Method of Treating Gunshot Wounds 1744. Fielding introduced him into Tom Jones
John Ranby: '''John Ranby''' ([[1743]]-[[1820]]), pamphleteer; natural son of John Ranby; was a tory pamphleteer of uome ability.
Isaac Rand: '''Isaac Rand''' (d. [[1743]]), botanist; was appointed, 1124, prof td ui horli of Chelsea garden; published botanical treatises; F.R.S., 1739.
John Randall: '''John Randall''' ([[1570]]-[[1622]]), puritan divine; of St Mary Hall and Trinity College, Oxford; B.A., 1585; fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford, 1587; M.A., 1589; rector of Ht. Andrew Hubbard, London, 1599-1622, where he made a reputation as a preacher.
John Randall: '''John Randall''' (. [[1764]]), schoolmaster and agriculturist; M.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1727; carried on a private school at York; published The SemiVirgiliau Husbandry
John Randall: '''John Randall''' ([[1715]]-[[1799]]), organist: Mus. Doc. Cambridge, 1756; organist to King's College Chapel, f'auibridge, 1745-99; professor of music at Cambridge, 1756-99.
John Randall: '''John Randall''' ([[1756]]-[[1802]]), shipbuilder; built nary vessels at Rotherhithe for the East India Company and for government; died from the effects of a fever brought on by mortification at a strike of his workmen.
Thomas Randall: '''Thomas Randall''' ([[1605]]-[[1635]]).
William Randall: '''William Randall''' (Jl. [[1584]]-[[1603]]), musician; was episUer at the Chapel Royal, London, 1584; one or two of bUs compositions survive.
Bernard Randolph: '''Bernard Randolph''' ([[1643]]-[[1690]]?), writer on Greece; brother of Edward Randolph (1640V-1700 ?) ; was long engaged in commerce in the Levant, and wrote accounts of the Morea and the Greek Archipelago.
Charles Randolph: '''Charles Randolph''' ([[1809]]-[[1878]]), marine 2 engineer: educated at Glasgow University; started business n (tlungow, 1834. His firm developed into the Fairfield Shipbuilding Company.
Edward Randolph: '''Edward Randolph''' (d. [[1566]]), oldler; probably brother of Thomas Randolph (1623-1690); em ployed iu Scotland in Queen Elizabeth's reigii and (1563) wa.s made marshal of Havre; became, lieutenant-general of ordnance on his return; killed in battle at Knockfergus.
Edward Randolph: '''Edward Randolph''' ([[1640]]7-[[1700]] V), colonial official: prepared a report on Massachusetts in 1676 for the lords of trade and plantation and (1678) was appointed collector and surveyor of customs for New England; subsequently held other offices and was imprisoned, ltiH9, during the rebellion against Sir Edmund Audros

[edit] Section 1150

Francis Randolph: '''Francis Randolph''' ([[1752]]-[[1831]]), divine; of Eton and King's College, Cambridge; fellow of King's College, Cambridge, 1775; M.A., 1780; D.D. Dublin, 1806; held several minor preferments; had some reputation as a theologian, and contributed to the Socinian controversy.
John Randolph: '''John Randolph''' , third EARL ov MORAY (d. [[1346]]), son of Sir Thomas Randolph, first earl of Moray: succeeded his brother Thomas, second earl of Moray, 1832; completely defeated*Edward Baliol at Annan, 1332; fought at Halidon Hill, 1333; chosen (c. 1334) joint regent of Scotland; completed the liberation of the country by compelling the Earl of Atholl to surrender; was captured by the English, 1336, and remained iu captivity till 1341; killed at the battle of defeated Baliol at Irvine, 1342; Neville's Cross.
John Randolph: '''John Randolph''' ([[1749]]-[[1813]]), successively bishop of Oxford, Bangor, and London; son of Thomas Randolph (1701-1783); of Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1774; D.D. by diploma, 1783; professor of poetry at Oxford, 1776-83; regius professor of Greek, 1782-3; professor of moral philosophy, 1782-6, and regius professor of divinity, 1783-99; consecrated bishop of Oxford, 1799, translated to Bangor, 1807, and to London, 1809.
Randolph: '''Randolph''' Sm THOMAS, first EARL OP MORAY (d. 1332), companion of Robert Bruce and regent of Scotland; joined Bruce after the murder of Red Coinyn in 1306, and was taken prisoner at Methveu, 1306; deserted Bruce in order to save his own life, and joined in the hunt for him in Oarrick; was captured by Douglas, 1308, and made his submission to Bruce; became the most trusted friend and adviser of the Scottish king, and was created Earl of Moray; performed many remarkable feats of arms, including the capture of Edinburgh Castle by escalade in 1314; commanded a division at Baunockburn, 1314; took j part in Edward Bruce's Irish expedition, 1315; concluded I an offensive and defensive alliance with France, 1326, and j on the death of Bruce in 1329 became regent.
Thomas Randolph: '''Thomas Randolph''' ([[1523]]-[[1590]]), ambassador; B.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1545; B.O.L.,1548; principal I of Broadgates Hall (Pembroke College), Oxford, 1549-53; i retired to France on Queen Mary's accession, but returned, ; 1559, and was employed by Queen Elizabeth in various diplomatic missions iu Scotland; recalled to England, j 1566, and appointed postmaster-general, but (1568) was ! sent on a mission to Russia and obtained special privileges for English merchants; despatched on special missions to France, 1573 and 1576, and afterwards returned to Scotj land in order to assist Morton; Morton's fate hastened by j his intervention; successfully concluded a treaty with ! James VI, 1586.
Thomas Randolph: '''Thomas Randolph''' ([[1605]]-[[1635]]), poet and dramaj tist; showed literary leauings us a child; of Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge; fellow of Trinity i College, Cambridge, 1629; M.A., 1632; made the ac quaintance of Ben Jonsou and, after becoming famous in Cambridge as a writer of English and Latin verse, went to London in 1632. His plays (including Amyntas an adaptation from GuarSni and Tasso. and The Muses Looking-Glasse) and poems were edited by Mr. W. 0. Hazlitt, 1875.
Thomas Randolph: '''Thomas Randolph''' ([[1701]]-[[1783]]), president of Corpus Christi College, Oxford; M.A. and D.D. Corpus Christi College, Oxford; fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1723; attracted the attention of the bishop of Oxford, John Potter (1674-1747), who, after he became primate, bestowed several preferments on him; tecame noted as an orthodox theologian, and in 1748 was elected president of Corpus Christi Collect Oxford; vicechancellor of Oxford University, 1756. " His works were numerous.
Randolph: '''Randolph'''
Rapin: '''Rapin'''
William Randolph: '''William Randolph''' ([[1650]]-[[1711]]). colon brother of Thomas Randolph (1605-165); emigrated to Virpinia in 174, whiTc he founded William and Man College, and attempted to civilize the Indians; member of council, Virginia.
Henry Rands: '''Henry Rands''' (rf. [[1551]]). See H
Hkxky: '''Hkxky'''
Ranl: '''Ranl''' 8, WILLIAM BR10HTY ([[1823]]-[[1882]]). 'the laureate of the nursery: wrote under the pseudonyms of Henry Holbeach and Matthew Krowne: after a struggle wit h overty became a reporter in the House of Commons; wrote much prose and verse for various periodical was especially esteemed for his poems and fairy tales for was especially esteemed ohildivn; conipo-ied hymns. Lilliput Lectures 1871. made professor of civil engineering a at Glasgow, 1856, and about 1858 became president of the Scottish Institution of Engineers.
Rankin: '''Rankin''' 8. WILLIAM Of. 1I87-U01), author; made a Ticious attack on the stage in 1187 in bis Mirrour of Monster* but afterwards wrote plays, none of which arc extant; author of Seaven Batyres (1598) and probably of The English Ape (1588).
Alfredo: '''Alfredo''' [[819]]-[[1872]]). painter : exhibited ntthr Hoyal Academy, 1*1
Flambard Rannulf: '''Flambard Rannulf'''
Bard: '''Bard''' (d. 1128). Bee FLAM
Randulf: '''Randulf''' called LK MKHCHIX, EARL OK ORKSTKR (. 1129 ?), nephew of Hughof Avram-hes, 1 earl of Ones. ter; led the van at Tinchebrai ( 1 106), and succeeded his cousin Richard, earl of Chester, in 1 120 in his earldom.
Randulf: '''Randulf''' called DK GKRXOXS, EARL OK (i. 1153), only eon of Randulf le Mi-schinearlof Chester ; succeeded his father shortly before 1130, and after the accession of King Stephen took an important part in English politic*; seized (1140) Lincoln Caatle, where he poems and fairy tales __. Hli best work was his RANBFORD, EDWIN (1805-1876), rocalistand actor; began to play leading diameters at the Surrey Theatre 1831, and il, and afterward* appeared at moit of the London theatres, retiring, 1838; produced, from 1845, a series of popular musical entertainment*, in which be was chief performer, and competed oongs aw! glees,
James Ransome: '''James Ransome''' ([[1782]]-[[1849]]), agricultural implement maker; elder on of Robert Kan some; continued his father's business, and with his brother, Robert, gained many medals and prizes from the Royal Agricul tural Society.
James Allen Ransome: '''James Allen Ransome''' ([[1806]]-[[1875]]), agricnl WMhnllt i by Stephen, but with the help of his father- i tural implement maker; eldest son of James ~ in-law, Robert, earl of Gloucester, completely. became a partner in his father's q. defeated Stephen beneath the walls, 1141; came to term* with Stephen, 1142, but in 1144 again took up arms; again made peace, 1146, but was treacherously thrown into prison and compelled to surrender his castles to obtain his freedom; persuaded Henry, Matilda's son, to return to England, 1149, but was won over by the extensive grants King Stephen made him; won over to the side of Duke Henry by the promise of even larger grants, but died before the end of the year, poisoned, it was believed, by William Peverell (1843) published a history of tare The Implemented Agriml
Ranelagh: '''Ranelagh''' third ViscouxT and first EARL OF (1636 ?-1712
Nathaniel Ranew: '''Nathaniel Ranew''' ([[1602]] 7-[[1678]]), ejected minister; M.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1624 (incorporated at Oxford, 1627); became minister of St. Andrew Hubbard, London, and (1647) was transferred by parliamentary order to Felsted in Essex, where he became a prominent divine; ejected, 1662; settled in BUlericar; published Solitude improved by Divine Meditation 1670.
Loud Rankeillor: '''Loud Rankeillor''' ([[1639]]-[[1706]]). See HOPE,
Archibald: '''Archibald'''

[edit] Section 1151

Alexander Ranker: '''Alexander Ranker''' ([[1756]]-[[1827]]), author: graduated at Edinburgh: minister of Cnmbusnethan, 1781-5, and of St. David, Glasgow, 1785-1827; D.D. Glasgow, 1801; moderator of the general assembly, 1811: published j compiling for the society a systematized account of all an inaccurate History of France (9 vols. 1802-22). I W I M eclipses down to 1878; became editor of Knowledge 1888 and pnblished in it important Investigations on
George Ranken: '''George Ranken''' ([[1828]]-[[1866]]), major, royal enserved in Canada, 1850-5, and received the
Robert Ransome: '''Robert Ransome''' ([[1753]]-[[1830]]), agricultural implement maker; commenced business at Norwich, but removed to Ipswich, 1789; took oat several patent**, including a most important one in 1803 for an improvnl ploughshare.
Thomas Frazer Ranson: '''Thomas Frazer Ranson''' ([[1784]]-[[1828]]), lineengraver; learned his art at Newcastle-tipon-Tyne. Hi* plates include a good portrait of George IV after E. So..tt.
Rant: '''Rant''' IF.
Flambard Ranttlf: '''Flambard Ranttlf''' (rf. [[1128]]).
De Glaxville Ranttlf: '''De Glaxville Ranttlf''' (f. [[1190]]). See GLAX
Ville: '''Ville'''
De Bluxdevill Ranthf: '''De Bluxdevill Ranthf''' , KARL OF Cn3TKR (rf. 1232).
Brito Rantilph: '''Brito Rantilph''' or LE BRETON (. [[1246]]). Sec
Brito: '''Brito'''
Arthur Oowper Ranyard: '''Arthur Oowper Ranyard''' ([[1845]]-[[1894]]), astronomer; son of Mrs. Ellen Henrietta Ranyard: M.A. Pembroke College, Cambridge, 1868; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1871: secretary to the Royal Astronomical Society, 1874-80; between 1871 and 1879 was occupied in gineers; thanks of the legislature for saving the library of the Literary and Historical Society, when the parliament buildings at Quebec were destroyed by fire in 1854; volunteered for the Crimea, 1855, and distinguished himself in the assault on the Redan (September 1855); accidentally killed at Sebastopol. His journals inCanada and the Crimea were published by bis brother (1862).
Thomas Rankin: '''Thomas Rankin''' ([[1738]]-1S10), methodist divine: after hearing Whitefleld preach at Lcith, resolved to become a preacher: became an intimate friend of John Wesley and (1773) was sent to America to reform method-m there; incurred the dislike of the American methodists on account of his mission, and (1777) returned to England; engaged in active labour in England till his retirement bllTJS,
William John Maoquorn Rankine: '''William John Maoquorn Rankine''' ([[1820]]1872), civil engineer; studied at Edinburgh University, 1836-8; was a pupil of (Sir) John Benjamin MacNeill ; after his apprenticeship returned to Edinburgh and made important contributions to the science of railway locomotion; commenced (c. 1848) the series of researches on molecular physics which occupied him at intervals during the rest of his life, and which constitute his chief claim to distinction in the domain of pure nebulro.
Ellen Henrietta Ranyard: '''Ellen Henrietta Ranyard''' ([[1810]]-[[1879]]X founder of the female bible mission: nie White: married Benjamin Ranyard, 1839: publishedThe Book and its Storv 1852, and, from 1856, editedThe Book and its Mission a periodical (renamed The Mining Link Mnpazine 1865).
Henry Raper: '''Henry Raper''' ([[1767]]-1R4SX admirnl : entered the navy, 1780; was signal lieutenant to Howe on 1 June 1794; saw much service, mainly in the c--t Indie?, on the Lisbon station, and in the Baltic; admiral, 1R11.
Henry Raper: '''Henry Raper''' ([[1799]]-[[1859]]), writer on navigation: eldest son of Henry Rnper (1767-1846) q. v.): was a lieutenant in the navy, and after retiring (1825) devott-i himself to nautical M-M?IICC: published the Practice 01 Navigation 1840.
Paul Dk Rapin: '''Paul Dk Rapin''' ([[1661]]-[[1726]]). historian: generally styled RAIMN-THOYRAS: born at Orwtres; took refuge In England, 1686, soon after the revocation of the edict of Nantes; afterwards enlisted in Holland, and returned to England with the troops of William of Orange: fought in Ireland and( 1693) became tutor to the Duke of Portland's eldest son: subsequently sojourned in variou* continental towns in poor circumstances, ami died at We?eL Hi* History of England in French, appeared in 1723 and
Rasbotham: '''Rasbotham''' 1088
Ravenscroft: '''Ravenscroft''' 17*5, and was carried down to the accession of William and Mary. Itvra transhit*-! into En?lish,and continual by various writers, remaining tin- -t.ui.lanl history of England until the publication of Hume's.
Dousing Rasbotham: '''Dousing Rasbotham''' ([[1730]]-[[1791]]), author; ade collections for the history of Lancashire which were utilised by Edward Baton, and wrote 'Oodrus, a Tragedy,* 1774.
Philip Rashleigh: '''Philip Rashleigh''' ( [[1729]]-[[1811]] X antiquary ; of New College, Oxford: M.P., Towey, 1765-1802; known latterly as the father of the House of Commons; F.S. A. and F.R.S., 1788; had great knowledge of Cornish mineralogy, and made a valuable collection of mim-ral-.
Rudolf Eric Raspe: '''Rudolf Eric Raspe''' ([[1737]]-[[1794]]), author of the original Baron Muncbausen; born in Hanover; studied at Gtittingen and Leipzig; became professor at the Collegium Carolinum in Cassel, 1767, and keeper of the landgrave of Host's antique gems and medals, which he purloined, and in 1775 fled to England to escape punishment; took to writing for a livelihood; became storekeeper at a Cornish mine, 1782; published Baron Munchauaen's Narrative 1785, the first edition containing only chapters ii-vi. of the current modern version, the other fifteen chapters being added later by another hand, and a parody of James Bruce's Travels being added as a sequel, 1793; obtained money from Sir John Sinclair of of Ulbeter by pretending to discover gold and silver on his estate, 1791, an incident commemorated by Sir Walter Scott in the Antiquary; while still masquerading as a mining expert was carried off by scarlet fever at Muckross. RA8TALL, WILLIAM DICKINSON (1756-1822).
John Rastell: '''John Rastell''' (d. [[1536]]), printer and lawyer ; entered Lincoln's Inn: had an excellent legal practice; M.I, Duuheved, 1529-36; commenced printing before 1516, but passed most of his time in the country, leaving his work n iii to attend to the business; embraced reformed opinions, 1530; attacked the practice of paying tithes, 1536, and was thrown into prison, where he dial.
John Rastell: '''John Rastell''' ([[1532]]-[[1577]]), Jesuit; fellow of New College, Oxford, 1549: M.A., 1555: on Queen Elizabeth's accession retired to Louvaiu; entered the Jesuit order, 1668; published controversial works; died at Ingoldstadt

[edit] Section 1152

William Rastell: '''William Rastell''' ([[1508]] ?-[[1565]]), judge: elder son of John Rastell (d. 1536): barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1539; treasurer, 1555; became a puisne judge of the queen's bench, 1558, retiring, 1563; edited The Works of Sir Thomas More 1557, and several legal treatises. RA8TRICK, JOHN (1650-1727), nonconformist minister; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1674; became vicar of Kirton, 1674, but resigned his living, 1687, and began to preach as a nonconformist, settling at King's Lynn, 1701.
John Urpeth Rastrick: '''John Urpeth Rastrick''' ([[1780]]-[[1856]]), civil engineer; took an important part in introducing railways in England, and effected several improvements in steam engines; M.I.C.E., 1827: was one of the judges appointed by the directors of the Liverpool and Manchester railway who in 1829 decided to favour of George Stephenson's Rocket; F.RS., 1837.
William Rastrick: '''William Rastrick''' (d. [[1752]]), nonconformist livin.-; son of John Rantrick; succeeded his father at) preacher at King's Lynn.
Ratcliffe: '''Ratcliffe'''
Hknry Ratcliffe: '''Hknry Ratcliffe''' ( [[1808]]-[[1877]]), vital statistician : became secretary to the order of Odd Fellows, 1848, and umpiled actuarial tobies in regard to mortality and
Mum: '''Mum''' which were of great value to friendly societies ; a public valuer under the Friendly Societies Act of 1870.
John Ratoliffe: '''John Ratoliffe''' (d. [[1610]]).
John Ratcliffb: '''John Ratcliffb''' (d. [[1776]]), book-collector ; kept chandler's shop in Southwark and became an ardent ok-co lector; his library sold by Christie after his teth, the talc lasting nltie day.
Ratcliffe: '''Ratcliffe''' or RATLIFFE, THOMAS (d. [[1599]]), divine; of Peterhouse and Trinity College, Cambridge; B.A., 1578; author of theShort Svmme of the whole Catechisme 1592.
Hannah Mary Rathbone: '''Hannah Mary Rathbone''' ([[1798]]-[[1878]]), authoress of the Diary of Lady Willougbby; granddaughter of Richard Reynolds (1735-1816): married her half-cousin, Richard, sou of William Rathbone (1757-1809), 1817; brought out the Diary in 1844. Her publisher, Thomas Longman, made it an exact imitation of a seventeenth-century volume, and the Diary itself was an excellent imitation of a contemporary account of the civil war. A second part, carrying the narrative down to the Restoration, appeared in 1847.
John Rathbone: '''John Rathbone''' ([[1750]] ?-[[1807]]), artist ; practised in Manchester, London, and Preston as a landscape painter, both in oil and water colour.
William Rathbone: '''William Rathbone''' ([[1757]]-[[1809]]), merchant; was educated as a quaker, and took a prominent part in philanthropic enterprise in Liverpool; disowned by the Friends, 1805, for latitudinarian opinions,
William Rathbone: '''William Rathbone''' ([[1787]]-[[1868]]), philanthropist; eldest son of William Rathboue (1757-1809); eminent in Liverpool as an educationist and philanthropist; mayor of Liverpool, 1837.
Wilson Rathborne: '''Wilson Rathborne''' ([[1748]]-[[1831]]), captain in the navy; entered the navy as anable seaman 1773: lieutenant, 1780; commander, 1795; O.B., 1815.
Gamaliel Ratsey: '''Gamaliel Ratsey''' (d. [[1605]]), highwayman : son of a well-to-do inhabitant of Market Deeping; took to evil courses when a boy and enlisted for service in Ireland in 1600; took to highway robbery on his return in. 1603; his exploits noted for daring and rough humour; hanged at Bedford. He is the hero of several ballads and two pamphlets.
James Rattee: '''James Rattee''' ([[1820]]-[[1855]]), wood-carver; commenced business in Cambridge in 1842, where he was employed by the Oamdeu Society; his masterpiece is the reredos in Ely cathedral.
Sylvester Rattray: '''Sylvester Rattray''' (fl. [[1650]]-[[1666]]), medical writer; practised in Glasgow; author of two treatises.
Thomas Rattray: '''Thomas Rattray''' ([[1684]]-[[1743]]), Scottish nonjuring bishop; consecrated, 1727, nonjuriug bishop of Brechin, and in the same year assisted to draw up the canons of the Scottish church: was not recognised by a section of the Scottish uoujuring bishops, because the Old Pretender had not assented to his election, and in consequence of some other points of difference; became bishop of Dunkeld, terms having been made in 1731; chosen primus in 1739, when a new dissension arose which remained unhealed until his death; his chief work wasThe Ancient Liturgy of the Church of Jerusalem posthumous, 1744.
John Rattlston: '''John Rattlston''' (d. [[1452]]).
Matteo Ratjzzini: '''Matteo Ratjzzini''' ([[1754]]-[[1791]]), singer ; brother of Veuanzio Rauzzini; born at Rome: came to England with his brother; professor of singing at Dublin.
Venanzio Ratizzini: '''Venanzio Ratizzini''' ([[1747]]-[[1810]]), tenor singer; musical composer and teacher; born at Rome; first appeared in England, 1774; devoted himself to teaching, 1777; several of his operas were produced in London.
Lord Ravelrig: '''Lord Ravelrig''' ([[1650]]?-[[1710]]). Sec MAITLAND, Sin JOHN, fifth EARL ov LAUOERDALK.
John Samuel Raven: '''John Samuel Raven''' ([[1829]]-[[1877]]), landscapepainter: frequently exhibited at the Royal Academy and British Institution.
Simon Franqois Ravenet: '''Simon Franqois Ravenet''' ([[1721]] ?-[[1774]]), engraver: born in Paris: came to London, c. 1750, and founded an important school of line-engraving.
Edward Ravenscroft: '''Edward Ravenscroft''' ( ft. [[1671]]-[[1697]]), dramatist: member of the Middle Temple, 1671: Charles II;iml court pleased by his first play, Mamamouchi (taken fromLe Bourgeois Gentilhomme), 1671; regarded by Dibdiu as a mere plagiarist; ceased to write in 1697.

[edit] Section 1153

Bavenscroft: '''Bavenscroft''' Kist
Rawson: '''Rawson'''
Thomas Ravenscroft: '''Thomas Ravenscroft''' ([[1592]] ?-[[1635]]?X musi cian: published Pammelia the earliest col; r.:ii'K catches, and canons printed in Kngland, 1609, itixl:.- a supplementary collection, DeuteromeUa; pul)Ii-l.i"l his most famous work,The Whole Book of P-alni-V 1G21.
Ravenser: '''Ravenser''' i:N II AUH i" c. [[1386]]Xclerk In chancery ;ml an-hdoaron of Lincoln; made kivper of the hanaper, i,ft7, iiml arrhdnumn of Lincoln, 1368; had temporary charge of the great seal, 1377 and 1386.
Raven: '''Raven''' 8WORTH, second BAHON and first EARI. or (1707-1878). See LIUDKLL, Sni HKNKY TIHM AS, seventh baronet.
Ravi: '''Ravi''' 8, RAVTTS, or RATE, CHRISTIAN ([[1613]]1077), orientalist and theologian; born at Berlin: M.A. Wittenberg, 1636; came to England, 1638, but (1639) proceeded to the Levant in search of manuscript; bei-Hiiitt n fellow of Magilalen College, Oxford, 1648; left England to become professor of oriental language* at Up-ala, 1650: professor at Frank fort-on-the-Oder, 1672-7.
Ravi: '''Ravi''' 8, THOMAS ([[1660]]7-[[1609]]), successively bishop of Gloucester and London: M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1582; D.D., 1595; vice-chancellor, 1596 and 1597; dean of Christ Church, Oxfonl, 1596-1605; consecrated bishop of Gloucester, 1605, and translated to London, 1607. He t assisted in translating the New Testament from 1604.
Christopher Rawdon: '''Christopher Rawdon''' ([[1780]]-[[1858]]), Unitarian benefactor; a mill-owner at Underbank: founded the llawdon fund for augmenting the stipend* of Unitarian ministers.
Sir George Rawdon: '''Sir George Rawdon''' , first baronet ([[1604]]-[[1684]]), soldier; in the service of the first and second Viscount* Conway; sat in the Irish parliament of 1639 as M.P. for Belfast: fought under Monck in the Irish rebellion, and continued to serve in Ulster till 1649: M.P., Carlingfonl (Irish parliament), 1660; actively promoted the Restoration after the Protector's death; created baronet, 1665.
Marmaduke Rawdon: '''Marmaduke Rawdon''' ([[1610]]-[[1669]]), traveller and antiquary; resided in the Canary islands, 1631-56; made extensive manuscript collections, and left an autobiography, edited for the Oamden Society, 1863.
Rawdon: '''Rawdon''' -HASTINGS, FRANCIS, first MARQUIS OK
Hastings: '''Hastings''' and second EARL OF Mom A ([[1754]]-[[1826]]). See
Hastings: '''Hastings'''
Rawe: '''Rawe''' 8, HENRY AUGUSTUS ([[1826]]-[[1885]]), Roman catholic divine; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1862; became a Roman catholic, 1856; created DJ). by Pius IX, 1875; well known in London as a preacher and writer. ist;
Francis Rawle: '''Francis Rawle''' (16CO-[[1727]]), colonist; suffered persecution as a quaker, and (1686) emigrated to Pennsylvania, where he filled a number of important offices.
Richard Rawle: '''Richard Rawle''' ([[1812]]-[[1889]]), divine; fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1836; M.A., 1838: bishop of Trinidad, 1872-88.
Samuel Rawle: '''Samuel Rawle''' ([[1771]]-[[1860]]X topographical engraver and draughtsman; engraved for theGentleman's Magazine and other publications,
John Rawlet: '''John Rawlet''' ([[1642]]-[[1686]]), divine, of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge; well known as a preacher in the north of England; published religious treatises,
William Rawley: '''William Rawley''' ([[1588]]?-[[1667]]), the 'learned chaplain of Francis Bacon; B.A., fellow, and tutor of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, 1610: became Bacon's chaplain and amanuensis, 1618; D.D., 1621; edited Bacon's works and wrote his life.
Richard Rawlin: '''Richard Rawlin''' ([[1687]]-1 [[757]]X independent minister; went to London, 1730, and became pastor at Fetter Lane.
Richard Rawlins: '''Richard Rawlins''' (. [[1536]]), bishop of St. David's: elected fellow of Merton College, Oxford, 1480, and warden, 1508, but deprived, 1521; D.D.,1496: consecrated bishop, 1523.
Rawlin: '''Rawlin''' 8. THOMAS O?-[[1670]] medallist and playwright; workeil under Nicholas Briot at tl* .bllshed (If,; u-llion; a soeoeesfnl and actually installed at the Restoration, (xlvil. IS*)
Christopher Rawlinson: '''Christopher Rawlinson''' ([[1677]]-[[1733]]). antiquary: of Queen's College, Ox- Kdward Thwaltes published Alfred's Saxon vrrsioo of Boethius, 1698. iivil. 117)
Christopher Sir: '''Christopher Sir''' ([[1806]]-[[1888]]), Indian judge: of the Charterhouse and Trinity College, Cambridge; M.A., 183 1; barrister, Middle Temple, 1811 ! knighted, 1817; appointed chicf-jutkc of Madras, 1849, retiring, 1869. xlvil. 117)
Sir Henry Creswickb Rawunson: '''Sir Henry Creswickb Rawunson''' , first baronet (1810-1896). Assyriologirt; entered the Bast India Company's military service, acquired a goal knowledge of Persian and the Indian vernaculars, and (1833-9) served in Persia: became political agent at Kandahar, 1840; distinguished himself in the Afghan war of 1841: became political agent in Turkish Arabia, 1843, and (1844) consul at Bagdad; deciphered the celebrated cuneiform inscription of Darius Hystaspes at Bchistan. 1846; returned to England, 1856; K.C.B., 1866; M.P., Reigate, 1858-9, Frome, 1866-8; became a member of the India council, 1868: created baronet, 1891; president of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1878-81, and of the Royal Geographical Society, 1871-2 and 1874-6, contributing many valuable papers to both societies.

[edit] Section 1154

John Rawlinbon: '''John Rawlinbon''' ([[1576]]-[[1631]]), principal of St. Edmund Hall, Oxford; of Merchant Taylor's School, London, and St. John's College, Oxford; fellow, 1602: D.D., 1608: principal of St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, 1610-31: chaplain in ordinary to James I; published sermons.
Richard Rawlinson: '''Richard Rawlinson''' ([[1690]]-[[1756]]), topographer and nonjuring bishop; son of Sir Thomas Rawlinson (1647-1708); of Eton and St. John's College, Oxford; M.A., 1713: F.RA, 1714; was ordained a nonjuring priest, 1716, and devoted himself to antiquarian pursuits and foreign travel; created D.C.L. Oxford in his absence, 1719; consecrated bishop, 1728; left his valuable manuscripts to the Bodleian Library, among them collections for a continuation of Wood's Athens:; wrote or edited numerous topographical works.
Sir Robert Rawlinson: '''Sir Robert Rawlinson''' ([[1810]]-[[1898]]), civil engineer: entered employ of Jeree Hartley L 1831, and of Robert Stephensou, 1836; chief engineer under Brldgewater trust, 1843-7: inspector under Public Health Act, 1848; chief engineering inspector to local government board, 1848-88; bead of sanitary commission sent by government to seat of war in Crimea, 1865; knighted, 1883; K.C.B., 1888; M.I.C.E., 1848, and president, 1894; published technical works and reports. Suppl. iii. 993}
Rawlinson: '''Rawlinson''' Sut THOMAS ([[1647]]-[[1708]]),lord mayor of London; knighted, 1686; macter of the VintnersCompany, 1687 and 1696; chosen lord mayor, 1705.
Thomas Rawlinson: '''Thomas Rawlinson''' ([[1681]]-[[1725]]), bibliophile; eldest son of Sir Thomas RawlinMm (1647-1708); of Eton and St. John's College, Oxford: barrister. Middle Temple, 1705: travelled in England and the Low Countries, making collections of books, manuscripts, and pictures; hired London house (1716) for the reception of his library, from which he supplied valuable material for many scholars, including Thomas Heanw. His manuscripts are in the Bodleian Library. Addition satirised him as Tom Folio ( faffer, No. 158).
Sip Rawlinson: '''Sip Rawlinson''' . THOMAS (. [[1769]]), lord msyor of London; grandson of Sir Thomas Hawlinson (1471708) tq. T.; master of the GrocersCompany: elected lord mayor, 1753; knighted, 1760.
Sir William Rawlinbon: '''Sir William Rawlinbon''' ([[1640]]-[[1696]]), serjeantat-law; barrister. Gray's Inn, 1667: practised as a chancery lawyer: serjeant-at-law, 1686: a commissioner of the great seal, 1689-93; knighted, 1689.
Raw: '''Raw''' 80N, GEORGE ([[1807]]-[[1889]]), hymn-writer: practised as a solicitor at Leeds; wrote many hymns Including By Christ redeemed 4 A
Rawson: '''Rawson''' 1090
Reade: '''Reade'''
John Rawson: '''John Rawson''' , Vi.-Mi vi ('I..-XTARFF ([[1470]]71M7), joincii the knights of St. John, 1497, and (1511) became prior of Kilmainham and Laid of the onlcr in Inland: made treasurer of Ireland, 1517; on the dissolution of the order of the knight* of St. John by Henry VIII wa. created viscount, 1541.
Sir William Rawson: '''Sir William Rawson''' ([[1783]]-[[1827]]), oculist ; son . Henry Adams; M.R.O.S., 1807; established himself in London, 1810, and (1814) was made surgeon and oculist extraordinary to George, the prince regent; knighted, 1814; took hia wife's name, Rawson, 1825; published three treatises on the eye.
Benjamin Rat: '''Benjamin Rat''' ([[1704]]-[[1760]]), antiquary; numismatist; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1730; perpetual curate of Oowbit and Surtieet; secretary of the knownGentlemen's Society at Spalding, 1735, and afterwards vice-president.
James Bay: '''James Bay''' (. [[1746]]-[[1746]]), chronicler of the' 45 f ; was with the Duke of Cumberland army at Oulloden; published A Complete History of the Rebellion 1746.
John Rat: '''John Rat''' ([[1627]]-[[1705]]), naturalist ; spelt his name Wray until 1670; at first of Catharine Hall, Cambridge; fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1649-62; M.A., 1651; junior dean, 1658; commenced his botanical tours, 1658, and with Francis Willughby agreed to attempt a systematic description of the whole organic world, himself undertaking the plants, 1662; published (1670) 0atalogus Plantarum Angliae which was recast (1690) as Synopsis Methodica Stirpium Britaunicarum: on the death of Willughby (1672) took up his friend's unfinished zoological labours; published (1682) his Methodus Plantarum Nova in which he first showed the true nature of buds, and employed the division of Sowering plants into dicotyledons and monocotyledons; produced (1686) the first volume of his general His tori a I'l uitarum which was followed by a second volume in 1688, and by a third in 1704; devoted his attention to insects from 1690, and at his death left a completed classification and a less complete history of the group, in which he practically adopted the modern division of inaepts into the Metabola and Ametabola. His herbarium was placed in the botanical section of the British Museum in 1862; his library was sold by auction in 1707. His varied labours have justly caused him to be regarded as the father of natural history in this country, and as a botanist he has won the highest commendation from his greatest successors...
Martha Rat: '''Martha Rat''' (rf. [[1779]]), mistress of the Earl of Sa-id wieh; daughter of a London stay maker; possessed a fine voice, and was a favourite pupil of Guardini. She became the mistress of Sandwich about the age of eighteen, and influenced naval appointments made by him; was shot dead while leaving Coveut Garden Theatre by Jamea Hackman
Thomas Matthew Rat: '''Thomas Matthew Rat''' ([[1801]]-[[1881]]), secretary of the Loyal National Repeal Association: a prottgi of Daniel O'Connell; became secretary of the associat.oa in 1840; possessed great powers of organisation.
Jacob Rayman: '''Jacob Rayman''' (ft. [[1641]]-[[1648]]), viol.n-maker ; poMibly a Tyrolese by birth; regarded as the founder of violin-making in England. He lived in South wark.
Lk Ghos Raymond: '''Lk Ghos Raymond''' (d. [[1182]]). See FITZOEIIALD,
Raymond: '''Raymond'''
Sir Robert Raymond: '''Sir Robert Raymond''' , first BARON RAYMOND (1673-1733), lord chief - j ustlce: only son of Sir Thomas Raymond: barrister. Gray's Inn, 1697; solicitorKewral, 1710-14; knighted, 1710; attorney -general, 1720-i; conservative M.P. for Bwhop's Cattle, 1710-13, Yarmouth (Ule of Wluht), 1716-17 (unseated on petition), Ludlow, 1719-22, Hasten. 1722-4; appointed a puisne judge in the king's bench, 1724; nominated lord chief-justice, 1725; created baron, 1781.
Ratmond: '''Ratmond''' Siu THOMAS ([[1627]]-[[1683]]), judge: barr, Gray's Inn, 1660; serjeant-at-law, 1677; became a . e on the exchequer bench, 1679; knighted, 1679 transferred to the common pleas, 1680; advanced to the king's bench. 1680.
Thomas Raynalde: '''Thomas Raynalde''' (fl. [[1540]]-[[1551]]), physidun : trjinsliiti-d Eurharius Roesslin's De Partu Homing 1515. He is probably distinct from Thomas Reynold
Lionel Benjamin Rayner: '''Lionel Benjamin Rayner''' ([[1788]] 7-[[1865]]), actor ; appeared at Druy Lane, London, 1 822, after acting in the country, and (1831) opened Rayner's New Subscription Theatre, where the Strand Theatre, London, now stands; retired from the stage almost ruined by the venture; a good serio-comic actor.
Samuel Rayner: '''Samuel Rayner''' (fl. [[1841]]-[[1872]]), water-colour painter; painted interiors of abbeys, churches, anfl mansions in the style of George Cattermole

[edit] Section 1155

Raynold: '''Raynold''' See RAINOLDS, RAYNALDE, REYNOLD, j and REYNOLDS.
John Rea: '''John Rea''' (d. [[1681]]), nursery gardener ; lived at Kinlet in Worcestershire; published Flora, or a Complete Florilege 1666.
Angus Bethune Reach: '''Angus Bethune Reach''' ( [[1821]]-[[1856]]), journalist; studied at Edinburgh University; became parliamentary j reporter to the k Morning Chronicle and wrote largely for other periodicals; published novels, and (1849) joined the , staff ofPunch
Read: '''Read'''
Catherine Read: '''Catherine Read''' (d. [[1778]]), portrait- painter ; for 1 some years a fashionable artist in London, exhibiting portraits of several of the royal family.
Charles Anderson Read: '''Charles Anderson Read''' ([[1841]]-[[1878]]), miscelI laneous writer; failed in business and took to literature as a profession; published The Cabinet of Irish Literature (4 vols. 1876-8) and other works.
David Charles Read: '''David Charles Read''' ([[1790]]-[[1851]]), painter and , etcher; began work as an etcher at Salisbury, 1826, and produced numerous plates, 1826-44; devoted himself to painting in oils after 1846.
John Read: '''John Read''' (fl. [[1587]]-[[1588]]), surgeon; practised in , Gloucester, and from 1588 in London; published a treatise ; on wounds, 1588.
Nicholas Read: '''Nicholas Read''' (d. [[1787]]), sculptor ; pupil of Louis Francois Roubiliac, whose extravagant style he imitated.
Richard Read: '''Richard Read''' V [[1745]] 7-[[1790]] ?), engraver in stipple and mezzotint.
Samuel Read: '''Samuel Read''' ([[1815]] 7-[[1883]]), water-colour painter ; began to exhibit, 1857; his early sketches chiefly architectural; tried landscape-painting at a later period, but attained little success.
Read: '''Read''' or READE, THOMAS ([[1606]]-[[1669]]), royalist: nephew of Sir Francis Windebank: was appointed Latin secretary to the crown for life, 1620: fellow of New College, Oxford, 1626; D.O.L., 1638; on the outbreak of the civil war enlisted at Oxford as a royalist; went abroad, 1648, and soon afterwards was ordained a Roman catholic priest at Douay; returned at the Restoration, and lived in London.
Sik William Read: '''Sik William Read''' (d. [[1715]]), empiric : originally a tailor; became an itinerant quack: knighted (1705) for curing seamen and soldiers of blindness gratis; became oculist to Queen Anne, c. 1705, and acquired great wealth.
William Read: '''William Read''' ([[1795]] 7-[[1866]]), Irish verse-writer ; published two volumes of Irish verse, 1818 and 1821.
Reade: '''Reade'''
Charles Reade: '''Charles Reade''' ([[1814]]-[[1884]]), novelist and dramatist; grandson of John Scott (1747-1819); elected fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1835, but while retaining his fellowship and college rooms till his death, spent much of his time in London; M.A., 1838; Vinerian fellow. 1842; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1843; Started as an author with dramas, of which the first appeared at the Olympic, London, in 1851, and the most successful, Masks and Faces 5 at the Haymarket, London, in 1852: turned his Masks and Faces into a novel under the title ofPeg Woffington 1852, which attained immense popularity; brought out It is never too late to
Reade: '''Reade''' mend 1X58, the first instance of his employment of fiction to expose social abuses; published his great historical novel, The Cloister and the Hearth,* 1861, and (1868) 'Hani Ca,h;,,ui,l,,l,l (1867)Griffith Gaunt, 1 was with I Mm Uoucicault wrote his novelFoul 1869; pp-hu.nl the autobiographicalTerrible Tempt*tion whi.-h scandalised the American reviewer-. ni-vi-r m cm-red from the blow caused by the death of his irii-iid Laura Seymour, the actress, 1879; gave m.. his time and money toward* helping the poor. At his bast lie was an admirable storyteller, but be had an unfortunate weakness for exaggerated effects.
Edward Anderdon Reade: '''Edward Anderdon Reade''' ([[1807]]-[[1886]]), AngloIndian official: brother of Charles Reade; entered the Bast India Company's service, 18X3; senior civilian at Agra on the outbreak of the mutiny with John Russell Oolvin, and after Ooltrtn's death took temporary command; earned the gratitude of the loyal after the mutiny by interposing to shield them from an Indiscriminate spirit of vengeance, and received many tokens of their affection; retired 1860, and was made C.B.
John Edmund Reade: '''John Edmund Reade''' ([[1800]]-[[1870]]), poetaster and novelist; chiefly remarkable for his talent for plagiarism, Byron serving as bis chief modeL In his longest poem, Italy he reproduced the dying gladiator.
Joseph Bancroft Reade: '''Joseph Bancroft Reade''' ([[1801]]-[[1870]]), chemist, microscoplst, and photographic discoverer; of Trinity and Caius Colleges, Cambridge; M.A., 18S8; was successively rector of Stone (l3-59), Ellesborough ( 1889-63), and Bisbopsbourne (1863-70); F.RA, 1838; discovered (1839) a method of separating heat-rays from those of light, and effected improvements in photography; inventedReade's kettledrum(1881), a hemispherical condenser for the microscope.
Robert Reade: '''Robert Reade''' (ef. [[1415]]X successively bishop of Waterford and Lismore, Carlisle, and Chichester; probably appointed to Waterford and Lismore, 1394; translated to Carlisle, 1396, and again to Chichester, 1397.
William Winwood Reade: '''William Winwood Reade''' ([[1838]]-[[1875]]), traveller, novelist, and controversialist; nephew of Charles Reade ; of Magdalen Hall, Oxford; between 1H62 and 1866 travelled extensively in Western Africa: a special correspondent in the Ashanti war, 1873: published novels, and wrote against Roman Catholicism and other forms of religion.
William Reader: '''William Reader''' (Jt. [[1680]]), portrait-paiuu r ; c-hiefly known by hi* portrait of John Blow
William Reader: '''William Reader''' ([[1782]]-[[1852]]), topographer; was in early life a printer at Coventry, but died in poverty in London; wrote on Coventry topography,
Burnet Reading: '''Burnet Reading''' (Jl. [[1776]]-[[1822]]), engraver ' and draughtsman; practised in London, and illustrated Granger'sHistory of England(1820 and 1822 and other works.

[edit] Section 1156

John Reading: '''John Reading''' ([[1688]] - [[1667]]), prebendary of i Canterbury; of Magdalen Hall and St. Mary HalL Oxford; M.A., 1610; chaplain to Charles I; prebendary of Canterbury, 1643; his livings sequestered and himself imprisoned by the parliamentarians, but restored to his ! prebend after the Restoration; published doctrinal works nl CalTiuistic character.
John Reading: '''John Reading''' (l. [[1692]]), musician and author of Dulce Domum; was organist of Winchester Cathedral (1675-81), of Winchester College, 1681-92; composed the Winchester College song, Dulce Domum
John Reading: '''John Reading''' ([[1677]]-[[1764]]), organist; became organist at Lincoln Cathedral, 1702, and ultimately master of the choristers; organist in London after 1707; published two elaborate books of songs and anthems, and composed the tune, Adeste Fideles (well known as come, all ye faithful).
Robert Uk Reading: '''Robert Uk Reading''' (*. [[1325]]), historian; a monk of Westminster; author of the portion of the Floras Historiarum from 1307 to 1326.
William Reading: '''William Reading''' ([[1674]]-[[1744]]), library keeper at Sion College, London Wall, London; B.A. University.
Rede: '''Rede''' --*, Oxford, 1697; M.A. St. Mary HalL Oxford, ..;;:.:-.:, - r........ -;,,, 708; published an excellent Greek and LedlUoaol the early ecclesiastical historians, 1710. xlvll. iw)
William Jambs Durant Ready: '''William Jambs Durant Ready''' (18*1 . -;,-.,,.,..,,.,;,.. v,..,. J*L; *?**** Ohl6fljr oanei o" " * " xlrtLIWJ
Florbsob Macoarthy Reaoh: '''Florbsob Macoarthy Reaoh''' ([[1662]] T-[[1640]]?).
Reay: '''Reay''' luifixit. See MACKAY, SIR DONALD, flrst " 9; MACKAY, SIR J T, STEPHEN (1782-1861), orientalist; M.A. St. Alban Hall, Oxford, 1821: B.D. 1841; Ttoe-princtaai of 6t Alban Hall: sab-librarian of tot Bodleian Library, 1828-61; Laudian professor of Arabic, 1840-61.
Biagio Rebecca: '''Biagio Rebecca''' ([[1734]]-[[1808]]). Italy; painted portraits and historical subject* of little m.Tit, but was skilled in decorative painting; A.R.A., '71.
Robert Recorde: '''Robert Recorde''' ([[1510]]?-[[155]]H), mathematician: B.A. and perhaps M.A. Oxford; fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, 1531; taught mathematics and other subjects both at Cambridge and Oxford; died in prison in South war k, probably in debt; be was the flrrt writer in English on arithmetic, geometry, and astronomy, and introduced algebra into Jfrgland; publishing The Grotmde of Artes (1640), The Pathway to Knowledge on geometry (1551), "The Castle of Knowledge on astronomy (1551), "The Whetstone of Witte on algebra (1567), and other works, some of which are lost. He discovered the method of extracting the square root of multinomial algebraic expression*, and was the first to use the Kign =.
James Reddie: '''James Reddie''' ([[1773]] - [[1852]]), legal author ; studied at Edinburgh University and Glasgow College; a Scottish advocate and town clerk of Glasgow, 1804-62. He published lour legal works.
Cyrus Redding: '''Cyrus Redding''' ([[1786]]-[[1870]]), journalist; worked as a journalist in London, Paris, and the Went of England; from 1841 devoted himself more exclusively to Ixiokinaking; published numerous works, including u History and Description of Modern Wines 1833.
Samuel Reddish: '''Samuel Reddish''' ([[1736]]-[[1785]]), actor ; made a reputation in Dublin and appeared at Drury Lane, London, 1767, where he remained during ten seasons; acted at Covent Garden, London, 1778, but lost bis reason, 1 779; died a lunatic at York asylum. See also RBAD, READE, R
Rede: '''Rede'''
Hmd: '''Hmd'''
Lkman Thomas Rede: '''Lkman Thomas Rede''' TERTIUS ([[1799]]-[[1832]]X miscellaneous writer; took to the stage and taught elocution; published a Memoir of George Canning ( 1827) and other works.
Sir Richard Rede: '''Sir Richard Rede''' ([[1811]]-[[1679]]), master of requests; of Winchester College and New College, Oxford; fellow of New College, Oxford, 1628; D.C.L., 164U; knighted, 1546; became lord chancellor of Ireland. 1546, and ( 1648) master of requests in England.
Sir Robert Rede: '''Sir Robert Rede''' (d. [[1619]]), chief -justice of the common pleas; made justice of the king's bench, 1496; knighted, 1495; made chief- justice of the common pleas, 1506; he founded three public lectureships at Cambridge, the endowment being reorganised in 1868, when it was directed that one lecture should be delivered annually by a man of eminence in science or literature.
Rede: '''Rede''' or READE, WILLIAM (d. [[1385]]), bishop of Chichester; of Exeter and Merton Colleges, Oxford; fellow of Merton College, Oxford; consecrated bishop at Avignon, 1368; a trier of petitions in various parliaments, 1868-80: built the library at Merton College, Oxford, and bequeathed It many manuscripts: enjoyed a high reputation as a mathematician and astrologer. xlviL 3741 1 A L
Rede: '''Rede''' 1092
Reed: '''Reed'''
William Leman Rede: '''William Leman Rede''' ([[1802]]-[[1847]]), dramatist; was brother of Leman Thomas Rede, the two being known as the inseparables; wrote farces and extravaganza*.
Rederech: '''Rederech''' (. [[573]]-[[590]]).
Rede: '''Rede''' 8DALE, EARL OK ([[1805]]-[[188]]C). See MITFORD,

[edit] Section 1157

Thomas Fhkkman John: '''Thomas Fhkkman John''' -.
Rede: '''Rede''' 8DALE, BARONS. See MITPORD, JOHN FRKE-
Mak: '''Mak''' -, first BARON, [[1748]]-[[1830]] ; MITFORD, JOHN THOMAS
Fhkkman: '''Fhkkman''' -, second BARON, [[1805]]-[[1886]].
Robin Redesdale: '''Robin Redesdale''' or (. [[1469]]).
James Frank Redfern: '''James Frank Redfern''' ([[1838]]-[[1876]]), sculptor; began to exhibit at the Royal Academy in 1859, and executed manv works for Gothic church decoration.
George Redford: '''George Redford''' ([[1785]]-[[1860]]), nonconformist divine; M.A. Glasgow, 1811; lion. LL.D. Glasgow, 1834: founded the Congregational Magazine: independent minister at Uxbridge, 1812-26, and Worcester, 1826-56.
Redford: '''Redford''' Sm HENRY (d. [[1404]]?), speaker of the House of Commons; represented Lincolnshire in parliament, 1400-1, 1402, and 1404; privy councillor, 1401; elected speaker, 1402.
John Redfoed: '''John Redfoed''' (. [[1535]]), musician, poet, and dramatist; said to have been organist and almoner at St. Paul's, London; composed instrumental works of great importance in musical history, twenty-three of which are in the famous manuscript written by Thomas Mulliner Similar organ pieces are in the Additional MSS. at the British Museum.
Richard Redgrave: '''Richard Redgrave''' ([[1804]]-[[1888]]), subject and landscape painter: brother of Samuel Redgrave; a fttudcnt of the Royal Academy; R.A., 1851; became inspector-general for art in the government school of design in 1857, i nd alsj surveyor of the crown pictures.
Samuel Redgrave: '''Samuel Redgrave''' ([[1802]] - [[1876]]), writer on art; successively private secretary to several English statesmen, including Lord John Russell; published his valuableDictionary of Artists of the English School 1874, and was also the author of several other useful works on art.
Sir James William Redhoube: '''Sir James William Redhoube''' ([[1811]]-[[1892]]), oriental scholar: educated at Christ's Hospital, London; employed at Constantinople under the Turkish government and afterwards in the Turkish navy; secretary, Royal Asiatic Society, 1861-4; K.C.M.G., 1888; leading authority on the Osmanli-Turkish language, publishing several treatises and dictionaries in connection with it.
Redingtok: '''Redingtok''' Sm THOMAS NICHOLAS' ([[1815]]1862), Irish administrator; educated at Oscott College and Christ's College, Cambridge; liberal M.P. for Dundalk, 1837-46; appointed under-secretary of state for Ireland, 1846; K.C.B., 1849.
John Redmah: '''John Redmah''' ([[1499]]-[[1551]] X master of Trinity College, Cambridge; of Corpus Christi College, Oxford and St. John's College, Cambridge; M.A. Cambridge, 1630; D.D., 1637; became a fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1530, Lady Margaret professor, 1538-44 and 1549; first master of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1546-51.
Sir Richard Redmah: '''Sir Richard Redmah''' (d. [[1426]]), speaker of 2 the House of Commons; M.P. for Yorkshire between 1406 and 1421; elected speaker, 1415.
Richard Redmah: '''Richard Redmah''' (rf. [[1505]]), successively bishop e If" A ""P h 5 x r and Ey Probably great-grandson of Sir Richard Redman fq. v.; perhaps educated at Cambridge; was abbot of Shap; consecrated bishop of St. Asaph, 1471, translated to Exeter, 1496, and to Ely 1601. He restored the cathedral of St. Asaph.
Thomas Redmond: '''Thomas Redmond''' ([[1745]]7-[[1785]]), miniaturepainter; practised at Bath; exhibited at the Royal Academy and elsewhere.
Peter Redpath: '''Peter Redpath''' ([[1821]]-[[1894]]), Canadian merchant and philanthropist; a leading citizen of Montreal; made munificent donations to the McGill College and University, including a caair of natural philosophy (1871) and: the Redpath Museum and Library.
Family of Redvers: '''Family of Redvers''' , so named from the vill of Reviers in the Bessin, held lauds in Devonshire and other parte of England after the Conquest. Among its members were Baldwin of Moeles (d. 1 100 V), brother of Richard de Clare (d. 1090 ?), and Baldwin of Redvew, first earl of Devon The earldom became extinct in 1262 and the family in 1293.
Redwald: '''Redwald''' or RJEDWALD (d . [[627]] ?), king of the East- Angles; reigned during the supremacy of Ethelbert (552 ?-616), king of Kent, under whose influence he accepted Christianity; subsequently worshipped Christ and his old gods at the same time, threw off the control of Ethelbert, and became fourth Bretwalda; defeated Ethelfrid on the bank of the Idle, 617, and placed Edwin q. vJ ou the throne of Northumbria.
Richard Reece: '''Richard Reece''' ([[1775]]-[[1831]]), physician ; M.R.O.S., 1796: obtained a considerable practice in London, and. published a number of medical treatises.
Robert Reece: '''Robert Reece''' ([[1838]]-[[1891]]), dramatist ; born in Barbados; M.A. Balliol College, Oxford, 1864; student at the Inner Temple, 1860; began to write in 1865, and produced a number of comic pieces and librettos.
Reed: '''Reed''' See also READ, RKADE, REDE, REKDE, and
Reid: '''Reid'''
Robert Redmah: '''Robert Redmah''' (d. [[1540]]X nrsrte business in London, c. 1525; known chiefly as printer of law books. llvi. 383 , **DMAH, WILLIAM (d. 1602), bishop of Norwich; ? W o f Trinlt y College, Cambrfdge; M.A., 1666; D.D. e. 1678; consecrated bishop, 1695; described by Chamberlain M one of the wisest of his coat , ALFRED GERMAN (1847-1895), actor; son of Thomas German Reed; entered into partnership with Richard Corney Grain on his parents* retirement, for the purpose of continuing the Entertainment and directed thn dramatic part of the performances.

[edit] Section 1158

Andrew Reed: '''Andrew Reed''' ([[1787]]-[[1862]]), philanthropist and independent minister; pastor of the New Road Chapel, London, 1811-31, and of Wycliffe Chapel, London, 18311861; commenced the formation of the London Orphan Asylum, 1813, of the Infant Orphan Asylum, 1827, of the Reedham Orphan Asylum, 1841, and of the Hospital for Incurables, 1855; author of several well-known hymns.
Reed: '''Reed''' Sm CHARLES ([[1819]]-[[1881]]), chairman of the London school board; son of Andrew Reed: was the founder of the type-founding firm, Sir Charles Reed & Sons, Limited; interested himself in education from early life, and devoted his public life to the affairs of the London school board, of which be was chairman, 1870-81: knighted, 1874; M.P., St. Ives, 1880. He was also an antiquary of some note.
Charles Edward Baines Reed: '''Charles Edward Baines Reed''' ([[1845]]-[[1884]]), secretary of the British and Foreign Bible Society; eldest son of Sir Charles Reed; of the City of London School and Trinity College, Cambridge; B.A., 1868; one of the secretaries of the Bible Society, 1874-84.
Isaac Reed: '''Isaac Reed''' ([[1742]]-[[1807]]), editor of Shakespeare ; had a good practice as a conveyancer, but devoted himself as much as possible to literature and archaeology; collected a valuable library at Staple Inn, and (1781) furnished Johnson with notes for his l Lives of the Poets; publishedBiographia Dramaticasee BAKER, DAVID KHSKINK, 1782 and 1785, re-edited Johnson and Steevens's edition of Shakespeare; produced (1803) an elaborate edition of Shakespeare, known as the first variorum.
Joseph Reed: '''Joseph Reed''' ([[1723]]-[[1787]]), dramatist ; by trade a ropemaker; produced several plays, which were acted at the London theatres with indifferent success, including a comic opera adapted from Fielding's Tom Jones; as a pungent controversialist was to the front with an attack on Smollett, 1759, and a defence of Garrick, 1772.
Joseph Charles Reed: '''Joseph Charles Reed''' ([[1822]]-[[1877]]), landscapepainter; exhibited chiefly at the gallery of the New Water-colour Society.
Reed: '''Reed''' 1003
Reeve: '''Reeve'''
Reed: '''Reed''' I'KIH-ILLA ([[1818]]-[[1895]]), actress ; ntt Horton; went on the stage at the age of ten and acted at Coveut Garden, the Haymarket, and other Ixiion theatres, in tragedy: married Thomas German Reed {q. v., 1844: pOHSeased a fine contralto voio-: win npaK-l in later life iu theGerman Reed EnU-rtainmcnt
Talbot Baines Reed: '''Talbot Baines Reed''' ([[1852]]-[[1893]]), writerof boys' txxk; con of Sir Charles Iteod; published a iweful History of Old Einrlish Iticr-fouiiilriw 1887, but U better known for hi* tales of school-life and oilier books or boy*.
Sir Thomas Reed: '''Sir Thomas Reed''' ([[1796]]-[[1883]]), general : entered the army, 1813; commanded a brigade at Perozeshah, 1846, was In command of the forces in the Punjab on the outbreak of the mutiny, 1847; general. 1868; C.O.B., 1875.
Thomas German Reed: '''Thomas German Reed''' ([[1817]]-[[1888]]), musician ; first appeared at the Bath concert* at the age of ten; became musical director at the Haymarket, London, 1838, and with bis wife, Priscilla Heed, commenced Mr. and Mrs. German Iteed's Entertainment in order to provide dramatic amusement for persons reluctant to visit illMltli., 1855. The entertainment* began at St. Martin's Hall, 1865, and were removed to 14 Regent Street, 1856, and to St. George's Hall, 1874. They were subsequently carried on by the son, Alfred German Heed
John Dk Reede: '''John Dk Reede''' , BARON RBEDK ([[1593]]-[[1683]]), of Dutch parentage; acquired title and landa of Ren-woudf, 1623, and was elected to the States-General of Holland; came to England as joint-ambassador extraordinary, in the attempt to reconcile Charles I and the parliament, 1644, on which occasion he was crated a baron by Charles I; failed in consequence of the resentment felt by the Commons at the interposition of the ambassadors, and shortly returned to Holland, where he was afterwards president of the States-General.
Ree: '''Ree''' 8.
Ree: '''Ree''' 8, ABRAHAM ([[1743]]-[[1825]]), cyclopaedist ; was resident tutor at the independent academy at Hoxton, 1762-85; tutor in Hebrew and mathematics at Hackney College, 1786-96, and pastor to the Old Jewry congregation, London, 1783-1825; re-edited theCyclopaediaof Ephraim Chambers, 1778, 1781-6, and 1788-91; engaged between 1802 and 1830 onThe New Cyclopedia which appeared in forty-five volumes.
David Bees: '''David Bees''' ([[1801]]-[[1869]]), independent minister and editor; minister at Capel Al, Llanelly; edited the Diwygiwr Reformer), a monthly political journal, 1*35-65.
George Bees: '''George Bees''' ([[1776]]-[[184]]C), medical writer ; M.D. Glasgow, 1801; practised in London; L.R.C.P., 1808; medical superintendent of the Cornwall lunatic asylum, Bodmin; published medical treatises.
Ree: '''Ree''' 8, GEORGE OWEN ([[1813]]-[[1889]]), physician; M.D. Glasgow, 1836; physician at Guy's Hospital, London, 1866-79; Gulstouian lecturer, 1846, Croonian lecturer, 1856-8, Harveian orator, 1869, and senior censor, Royal College of Physicians, 1863-4; was constantly associated with Alfred Swaine Taylor in important criminal investigations; one of the flrrt to turn his attention to the chemistry of the urine. Journal; subsequently practi J, HENRY (1798-1869), Calvinistic methodist leader; superintendent of the Liverpool churches, 18361869; as a preacher had hardly a rival in the denomination,
Ree: '''Ree''' 8, JOSIAH ([[1744]]-[[1804]]), Welsh presbyterian minister; minister of Gellionen, 1766-1804; and made important contributions to Welsh literature, including fie vi- ra 1 1 iy m 1 1 -.
Owen Rees: '''Owen Rees''' ([[1770]]-[[1837]]), publisher: son of Josiah Rees; was a partner of Thomas Norton Longman (q. v., and an intimate friend of the poet Moore.
Rice Rees: '''Rice Rees''' ([[1804]]-[[1839]]), Welsh historical scholar, fellow of Jeeu* College, Oxford, 1828; M.A., 1828; professor at St. David's, Lam peter; published an Essay on toe Welsh Saints 1836.
Thomas Mes: '''Thomas Mes''' ([[1777]]- [[1864]]), um tartan minister and historical writer, hr.,-n KM*; hon. I.I.I). Glasgow, 1819: mim-trr in sumford Mreet. Ulackfrlars, London. 1823-31; had great knowledge of the history of auti-trinitarian opinion. xlvii. 401J
Rez: '''Rez''' 8, THOMAS ([[1816]]-[[1884]]), independent minister ; odd several charges In Wales, and wrote on Welsh nonconformist history. 128, WILLIAM (180J-188J), Welsh minister and author; brother of Henry Ren; held ministerial office in Liverpool for thirty-two years (1848-76); exerted a powerful influence on the politic*, poetry, and literature of Wales; powesMd great literary versatility, appearing in prose as a biographer, novelist, journalist, divine, and even dramatist, and writing lyric, epic, and occasional
Jenkins William: '''Jenkins William''' ([[1772]]-18M), Welsh nntiquary; M.A. Wadham College, Oxford, 1797; prebemlarjr of Brecon, 1820-66, and one of the editors of the Welsh M88. Society.
Clara Reeve: '''Clara Reeve''' ([[1729]]-[[1807]]), novelist ; first attempted authorship, 1772, and (1777) produced her moat famous work,The Champion of Virtue entitled in the second and all subsequent editionsThe Old English Baron

[edit] Section 1159

Edmund Reeve: '''Edmund Reeve''' ([[1686]]?-[[1647]]), judge; of Oafus College, Cambridge: became member of Gray's Inn, 1607; reader, 1632; justice of common pleas, 1639; adhered to parliament on the outbreak of war.
Edmund Reeve: '''Edmund Reeve''' (d, [[1660]]), divine; was ejected from his vicarage of Hayes-cum- Norwood by the parliamentarytrier; wrote on behalf of the high church party.
Henry Reeve: '''Henry Reeve''' ([[1780]]-[[1814]]1 physician; helped to found (1K05) theEdinburgh Medical and Surgical practised at Norwich.
Henry Reeve: '''Henry Reeve''' ([[1813]]-[[1895]]), man of letters; son of Henry Reeve; joined the staff of theTimes 1840, and guided ite foreign policy for fifteen yean; editor of the Edinburgh Review 1856-95; edited the 'Greville Memoirs 1865; hon. D.C.L. Oxford, 1869; C.B., 1871; vice-president, Society of Antiquaries, 18791882; bod many friends among men of letters in all part* of Europe.
John Reeve: '''John Reeve''' ([[1608]]-[[1658]]), sectary; originally a puritan; became a unlvenalist; presented himself and his cousin, Lodowicke Muggleton, as thetwo witnessesof Revelation, 1652; formulated thesix ! foundationsof the Muggletonian theology, but had a distinct following known as Beevites.
John Reeve: '''John Reeve''' ([[1799]]-[[1838]]), actor; began at an amateur, while still a banker's clerk, but in 1819 appeared at Drury Lane, London, as a mimic, and after* wards appeared successfully in comedy and farce at several London theatre*: was addicted to excessive drinkIng and constantly failed to learn his parts, but was so great a favourite with the public that managers were compelled to engage him.
Joseph Reeve: '''Joseph Reeve''' ([[1733]]-[[1820]]), biblical scholar and Latin poet; became a Jesuit, 1770; chaplain to Lord Clifford, 1767-1820; published, among other works, a HUtory of the Bible 1780.
Lovell Augustus Reeve: '''Lovell Augustus Reeve''' ([[1814]]-[[1868]]), conchologist; set up a natural-history shop in King William Street, Strand, London: F.L.8., 1846; K.GJ3., 1863; published many works, including Concbologla Iconic* 1843-78 (completed by George Brettingbam Sowerby, 1812-1884 ).
Richard Reeve: '''Richard Reeve''' ([[1642]]-[[1693]]), Benedictine monk ; B.A. Trinity College, Oxford, 1666; joined Roman catholic church, 1667; M.A. Magdalen College, Oxford, 1668; was master of Magdalen School, Oxford, 1670-1; went in 1674 to Douay, where he became a monk; returned to England, 1688; published Latin treatises.
Thomas Reeve: '''Thomas Reeve''' ([[1594]]-[[1672]]), royalUt divine; M.A. Cains College, Cambridge, 1617: D.D., 1660; Incumbent of Waltham Abbey, Essex; published devotional works.
Reeve: '''Reeve''' 10'U
Reid: '''Reid'''
Sir Thomas Reeve: '''Sir Thomas Reeve''' (d. [[1737]]), judge; barrister, Middle Temple, 1713, Ix-m-her, I72u, reader, 1722; K.C., 1718; became judge of the common pit-as, 1733; knighted, 1781; became chief-justice of the common picas in 1 7;if,.
William Reeve: '''William Reeve''' ([[1757]]-[[1815]]), actor and musical compOM-T; became an organist, but accepted the post of composer to Astley's (1783); appeared at the Royalty, London, 1787; a successful composer of dramatic music In later life. I, CHARLES (1816-1866), architect; became architect to the county courts in England and Wales, 1847, and designed sixty-four new courts in various parts of the country.
John Reeves: '''John Reeves''' ([[1752]] ?- [[1829]]), king's printer; of Eton and Merton College, Oxford: B.A., 1776; fellow of Queen V College, Oxford, 1778; M.A., 1778; barrister, Middle Temple, 1779, bencher, 1824: a commissioner of bankruptcy, 1780: appointed king's printer. 1800; author of aHistory of English Law* (5 voLs. 1783-1829) and other works.
John Reeves: '''John Reeves''' ( [[1774]]-[[1856]] X naturalist ; educated at Christ's Hospital, London; was an inspector of tea in China in the service of the East India Company (1812-31), and devoted his leisure to the study of the natural products of the country, of which he transmitted many specimens to England; F.RJS. and F.L.S., 1817.
John Sims Reeves: '''John Sims Reeves''' ([[1818]]-[[1900]]), tenor vocalist; assumed name of Sims, c. 1847; studied pianoforte under Johann Baptist Cramer, singing under Tom Cooke and J. W. Hobbs; first appeared publicly as vocalist, 1839, at Newcastle; sang at Grecian Theatre, City Road, London, 1842, and joined Macready's Drury Lane Company; studied under Bordogni in Paris and Alberto Mazzucato hi Milan; appeared with success at Drury Lane, London, 1847; made first appearances in oratorio at Worcester and Norwich, 1848, and thenceforward ranked as the premier English tenor; professor of singing at Guildhall School of Music; published Life and Recollections 1888, and My Jubilee 1899.
William Reeves: '''William Reeves''' ([[1667]]-[[1726]]X divine; fellow of King's College, Cambridge, and M.A., 1692; became. chaplain to Queen Anne; published theApologies of ! Justin Martyr, Tertullian, and Minucius Felix a trans- j lation, 1716.
William Reeves: '''William Reeves''' ([[1815]]-[[1892]]), Irish antiquary ! and bishop of Down, Connor, and Drornore; Berkeley j medallist, and (1837) M.B. (B.A., 1835) Trinity College, Dublin; consecrated bishop, 1886; publishedActs of I Archbishop Col ton 1850, and his most famous work, * The Life of St. Oolumba 1867.
Morice Regan: '''Morice Regan''' (fl. [[1171]]), Irish interpreter; was In the service of Diarmaid MacMurchada as interpreter and herald; wrote an account of the English invasion,
Regenbald: '''Regenbald''' (fl. [[1062]]-[[1066]]), chancellor of Edward the Confessor; witnessed several charters as caucellarius; appears in * Domesday ad holding land in several counties. txlviL 419
Regimorter: '''Regimorter''' or REGEMORTER, AS3UEHUS practised in London; M.D. Leyat Oxford, lecturer, 1645, and censor, 1649 the famous Tractatus de Racbitide 1650.
Reginald: '''Reginald''' (JI. [[1125]]), reputed chancellor of England; was, according to Lelaud, chancellor to Henry I.
Ok Coldihoha Reginald: '''Ok Coldihoha Reginald''' .M or OF DURHAM (ft. 1162-1173), hagiologist; a monk of Durham; wrote the life of Godric, of St. Outhbert, of Oswald (605 ?-642), and of St. Ebba The first two have been edited for the Surtees Society.
Earl Op Cornwall Reginald: '''Earl Op Cornwall Reginald''' (d. [[1175]]), natural son of Henry I; made Cornwall a basis of operations against King Stephen, and was created earl by the Empress Matilda in 1141; remained attached to Henry II until his death.

[edit] Section 1160

Fitzjocelin Reginald: '''Fitzjocelin Reginald''' ([[1140]]V-U91). See FlTZJOOKLIN.
Reginald: '''Reginald''' (d. [[1200]]), abbot of Walden ; became prior in 1164 and abbot in 1190, on the elevation of the priory into an abbey; erroneously reckoned among the chancellors of England.
Giulio Regondi: '''Giulio Regondi''' ([[1822]]-[[1872]]), guitarist and concertina-player; born at Geneva; arrived in England, 1831, and afterwards developed the capabilities of the concertina.
Regttltjs: '''Regttltjs''' or RTILE (fl. 8th cent.?), saint; was the legendary founder of the see of St. Andrews, and is a leading character in the story of the jourueyings of the relics of St. Andrew.
Reid: '''Reid'''
Reid: '''Reid''' or RHEAD, ALEXANDER ([[1586]] ?-J[[641]]), anatomist and surgeon; educated at Aberdeen University (M.A. after 1600); afterwards studied surgery in France; practised in North Wales, acquired fame as a surgeon, and (1632) was appointed lecturer on anatomy at BarberSurgeonsHall; published.a number of medical works, but made no original additions of importance to the theory of medicine.
Alexander Reid: '''Alexander Reid''' ([[1747]]-[[1823]]), painter; had a studio at Dumfries at the end of the eighteenth century, and is chiefly remembered hi connection with a miniature of Robert Burns, which he painted in 1796. Its identity is uncertain, but a miniature in the Scottish National Portrait Gallery is most probably the authentic portrait.
Alexander Reid: '''Alexander Reid''' ([[1802]]-[[1860]]), schoolmaster; M.A. Edinburgh; was proprietor and head-master of the Edinburgh Institution, 1850-8; published A Dictionary of English Language 1844 (18th edit. 1864).
Andrew Reid: '''Andrew Reid''' (d. [[1767]]?), compiler; published several works on literary and scientific subjects between 1728 and 1767.
David Boswell Reid: '''David Boswell Reid''' ([[1805]]-[[1863]]), inventor ; son of Peter Reid q. v.l; obtained medical diploma at Edinburgh, 1830; taught chemistry privately at Edinburgh (1833-47) and published a work on Ventilation 1844, the principles laid down in it being adopted in the new houses ot parliament; died at Washington,
George William Reid: '''George William Reid''' ([[1819]]-[[1887]]), keeper of the department of prints and drawings in the British : Museum; appointed an attendant in the department, i 1842, assistant, 1865, and keeper, 1866; retimi, 18'83. His
Reginald: '''Reginald''' called GOOHRKYSON (d. [[944]] V), king of the Danes: brother of Olaf (d. 941); was ruling In Northurnbria in 943 conjointly with Olaf (d. 981) q. r.J, and accepted Christianity.
Reginald: '''Reginald''' or RAINALD (d. [[1097]]), abbot of Abingdon; a chaplain of William of Normandy, who gave him the abbacy of Abingdon in 1085. The convent was deprived of much of ite property by William Rufus.
Op Canterbury Reginald: '''Op Canterbury Reginald''' (fl. [[1112]]), Latin poet naUveof Fagia perhaps Tiffauges, in the north of Poitou became a monk of St. Augustine's, Canterbury. His gngest poem is the life of St. Malchus, a Syrian hermit. IK poems are among the Cotton MSB. and in the Bodleian Llorw 7
Hugo Beid: '''Hugo Beid''' ([[1809]]-[[1872]]), educational writer ; son of Peter Reid; went to the United States, 1868; for some years principal of Dalhousie College, Halifax, Nova Scotia; wrote a number of school text-books on scientific subjects.
James Seaton Reid: '''James Seaton Reid''' ([[1798]]-[[1851]]), church historian; M.A. Glasgow, 1816; entered the Irish presbyterian ministry; hon. D.D. Glasgow, 1833; published a History of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland of which the first volume appeared in 1833.
John Reid: '''John Reid''' ([[1721]]-[[1807]]), general ; entered the army, 1745; became general (1798) after considerable active service: a proficient flute player and a musical composer. He bequeathed 50,0001. to found a chair of music at Edinburgh University. The bequest took effect in 1839.
Reid: '''Reid''' 1095
Relhan: '''Relhan'''
John Reid: '''John Reid''' ([[1776]]-[[1822]]), physician : M.D. Edinburgh, 1798; practiml in Indun, ttml wrote- onInfinity (1816) and l Hynocuonlriaii ( 1 (xlvii. 431
John Reid: '''John Reid''' ([[1808]]-[[1841]]?), compil-r i Scoto-Celtica; nephew of William M*Gavin (q. T.I, a Glasgow bookseller. Hi- puiili-Jit.il his Bibliotheca r In IH:V..ni.l also wrote biographic* ami a book on Turkey, 1840; dial at Hongkong, whither he had gone to edit an EngliBh journal and prepare a Chinese dictionary.
John Reid: '''John Reid''' ([[1809]]-[[1849]]), anatomist: took hie diploma at Edinburgh. 1840; Chandos profewor of anatomy at St. An.lr.-vs-. 1*41-9; published a collection of papers entitledPhysiological, Anatomical, and Pathological Researches 1848.
Mayne Reid: '''Mayne Reid''' , originally THOMAH MAYNH RraD (1818-1883), novelist; passed an adventurous life in the United State* between 1840 and 1849, and served in the Mexican war, 1847; publishedThe Rifle Rangers I860, and from that time until bis death continued to write romances and tales of adventure, which attained great popularity among boys.
Peter Reid: '''Peter Reid''' ([[1777]]-[[1838]]), educational reformer; studied medicine at Edinburgh University; succeeded in effecting important changes in the methods of teaching at Edinburgh University; was also known as a medical writer.
Richard Tuohill Reid: '''Richard Tuohill Reid''' (rf. [[1883]]), jurist: called to the Irish bar, 1853; was Perry professor of jurisprudence in Elphinstone College, Bombay, for over a quarter of a century; edited from 1864 the Reports of the High Court

[edit] Section 1161

William: '''William''' ([[1764]]-[[1831]]). m nor poet; of Glasgow; wrote humorous verse in Scottish dialect.
Reid: '''Reid''' -:'. WILLIAM ([[1791]]-18M), major-general and colonial governor; entered tb. peditlon against New Orleans, 1816, and in the expedition against Algiers, 1816; while in the West Indies (1811-4) matariaUj Moped UM e fca kheorj oi hontasm puhlUhing (1838)An Attempt to develop the Law of Storms served in the British legion In Spain, coma brigade, 18U-6; P.R.S., 16S9; appointed nor of the Bermudas, when be was to active ti.:.i t..- i- nr. (1889) governor of ), ROBERT (rf. 1558), bishop of Orkney; M.A. St. Andrews, 1515; became abbot of Kinloss, 1526, and frequently acted as secretary to James V of Scotland, who employed him on (several diplomatic missions to England and France; appointed bishop of Orkney, 1541; after James V's death supported Cardinal Beaton; took part in arranging (1558) Mary Stuart's marriage with the Dauphin; died on the way home, Knox accuses him of being a miser, but without justice.
Robert Reid: '''Robert Reid''' ([[1776]]-[[1856]]), architect ; designed St. Salvator's College, St. Andrews, 1820.
Robert Reid: '''Robert Reid''' ([[1773]]-[[1865]]), topographer and antiquary; educated at Glasgow University; a Glasgow merchant; published * Glasgow Past and Present 1851-6, andGlasgow and ite Environs 1864, both of which works were reprinted in 1884 with additions.
Read Reid: '''Read Reid''' , or RHJEDTTS, THOMAS (d. [[1624]]), Latin secretary to James I; brother of Alexander Reid (1586?-1641); M.A. Aberdeen, 1600; taught humanity at Rostock for several years as a docent; became Latin secretary to James I, 1618. By his will he bequeathed his library to Aberdeen town and college, with an endowment, thus founding the first reference library In Scotland.
Thomas Reid: '''Thomas Reid''' ([[1710]]-[[1796]]), philosopher ; graduated at Marischal College, Aberdeen, 1726: became librarian of Marischal College, Aberdeen, in 1733; minister of New Machar in 1737, and professor of philosophy at Marischal College, Aberdeen, in 1751; hon. D.D. Marischal College, Aberdeen, 1762; published hisInquiry into the Human Mind 1764, an answer to Hume, and was appointed (1764) professor of moral philosophy at Glasgow, where he remained till his death; published his essay on the Intellectual Powers 1786, and that on the Active Power? 1788. He is the leading representative of the school of common sense, by which phrase he meant not vulgar opinion, but the beliefs common to rational beings as such. His most important doctrine was that belief in an external world is intuitive or immediate.
Thomas Reid: '''Thomas Reid''' ([[1791]]-[[1825]]), naval surgeon ; laboured earnestly to improve the condition of prisoners in BatfUod, as well as of transported convicts; published two books of travels. , THOMAS MAYNE (1818-1883). See REID, in improving the condition of the people that be is still remembered as the good governor: transferred to Barbados M governor-in-chief of the Windward Wano. 1846, bat resigned, 1848; K.C.B., 1851: became governor of Malta, 1851-8; major-general, 1856; author of Important works on military subject*.
Lord Reidftjrd: '''Lord Reidftjrd''' ([[164]]?-[[1711]]). See FOUUH.
Jauks: '''Jauks'''
Lord Reidie: '''Lord Reidie''' (d. [[1683]]).
Reilly: '''Reilly''' or more properly REILY, HUGH 1695 ?), political writer; master in chancery and clerk of the council in Ireland in Jameu II's reign; accompanied James II into exile: publishedIreland's Case briefly stated 1695 (frequently reprinted under various titles).
Thomas Devin Reilly: '''Thomas Devin Reilly''' ([[1824]]-[[1854]]), Irish revolutionary writer; of Trinity College, Dublin; joined the staff of the Nation 1845, and attached himself to John Mitchel: fled to New York to avoid prosecution, 1848, and afterwards edited the Washington Union
William Edward Moyse Reilly: '''William Edward Moyse Reilly''' 8 ([[1827]]1886), major-general; educated at Christ's Hospital, London; entered the artillery, 1845; served in the Crimea; O.B., 1865; accompanied the French army of the Loire during the Franco-Prussian war; inspector-general of artillery, with rank of major-general, 1885.
Reime: '''Reime''' 8, PHILIP UK ([[1246]] 7-[[1296]]).
Reh: '''Reh''' fAOLE, ALEXANDER ROBERT ([[1799]]-[[1877]]), musician; son of Joseph Reinagle; organist of St. Peter-in-the-East, Oxford, 1823-53; composed the hymn-tune St. Peter
George Philip Reinaole: '''George Philip Reinaole''' ([[1802]]-[[1835]]), marinepainter; son of Ramsay Richard Heinagle; first exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1822: painted incidents of naval engagements, Including Navarino, which be witnessed.
Joseph Reinaole: '''Joseph Reinaole''' ([[1762]]-[[1836]]), music composer ; principalcello in the Salomon concerts under Haydn; composed for the violin, violoncello, and pianoforte.
Philip Reinaole: '''Philip Reinaole''' ([[1749]]-[[1833]]), animal and landscape painter; abandoned portraits for animal-painting, c. 1785; began to exhibit landscapes, 1787; R.A., 1813.
Ramsay Richard Reinaole: '''Ramsay Richard Reinaole''' ([[1775]]-[[1862]]X portrait, landscape, and animal painter; son of Philip Reinagle; R.A., 1823; compelled to resign in consequence of an attempt to exhibit another artist's picture as his own, 1848.
Rehtbald: '''Rehtbald''' ( ft. [[1062]]-[[1066]]).
Charles Frederick Reinhold: '''Charles Frederick Reinhold''' ([[1737]]-[[1815]]), bass singer: son of Thomas Reinhold; originally a chorister at the Chapel Royal, London; began, In 1769, a long career as singer at Maryleboue Gardens, London.
Thomas Reinhold: '''Thomas Reinhold''' ([[1690]] ?-[[1751]]), singer born In Dresden: followed Handel to London, where he created principal parts in many of Handel's operas and oratorios.
Rei: '''Rei''' 8EN, CHARLES CHRISTIAN ([[1680]]-[[1725]]), gem-engraver; of Norwegian parentage: was examined a* an expert at Atterbury's trial, as to the impression of a seal, and had had considerable note as an engraver.
Mayne: '''Mayne''' rxiviii 6
Anthony Relhan: '''Anthony Relhan''' ([[1715]]-[[1776]]), physician 3- B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1735: studied medicine at Leyden; M.D. Dublin, 1743; practised at Brighton; published a history of Brighton, 1761.

[edit] Section 1162

Relhan: '''Relhan''' 1006 BE2STWICK
Relhan: '''Relhan''' nirHAIlD ([[1754]]-[[1823]]), botanist and .ditorof Tu.-it;i; n of Authony Relhan; M.A., 1779 and follow, 17-tl, of King's College, Cambridge: MLJL MA, 17NS: i1:--!" "Flon I'antubrigii-nsis 1 1786. and edited Tacitus'Germaniiiand Agricola 1009, and * Hbtoria 1810; genus Relhania named after him.
James Relly: '''James Relly''' ([[1722]] ?-[[1778]]), universalist ; one of Whitvneld'i preachers, but (c. 1761) definitely adopted unimsallsm; published religions works.
Joseph Relph: '''Joseph Relph''' ([[1712]]-[[1743]]), Cumberland poet: perpetual curate of Sebergham: his works published (1747) as A Miscellany of Poems
Remioitjs: '''Remioitjs''' ((. [[1092]]), bishop of Lincohi ; contributed, while almoner of Ft-camp, a ship and twenty knights to William the Conqueror's force for the invasion of England: consecrated bishop of Dorchester (1067), a see which he transferred to Lincoln, in consequence of the decree of the council of Windsor (1072).
Rempston: '''Rempston''' or RAMSTON. SIR THOMAS (rf. [[1406]]), constable of the Tower of London; M.P. Nottinghamshire, 1381, 1382, 1393, and 1395; joined Henry, earl of Derby, In France, 1399, and on his accession to the throne as Hi-nry IV bad the custody of Richard II as constable of the Tovcr of London; K.G., 1400; drowned in the Thames.
Rempston: '''Rempston''' or RAMPSTON, Sm THOMAS (d. 1458), soldier; son of Sir Thomas Rempston (4. 1406) q. T.l: M.P. Nottinghamshire. 1413 and 141(1; took part in the French wars of Henry V and Henry VI: K.O.
John Remsdyke: '''John Remsdyke''' (. [[1767]]-[[1778]]). See VAN
Jan Btmsuyc: '''Jan Btmsuyc''' .
Mbs Renaud: '''Mbs Renaud''' . (. [[1831]]).
James Meadows Rzndel: '''James Meadows Rzndel''' ([[1790]]-[[1866]]), engineer; was employed as a surveyor under Telford, and (c. 1822) set up a business at Plymouth; member of the council of the Royal Society: wus specially famous as a constructor of harbours, canals, nnd docks. Among his works are the Torquay breakwater (1836), the Birkenhead docks, and Portland harbour (1847).
William Render: '''William Render''' (. [[1790]]-[[1801]]), grammarian ami translator; a native of Germany; studied at Giessen; came to London, c. 1790; translated works by Kotzebtie and Goethe, besides publishing several educational manuals.
John Bendle: '''John Bendle''' ([[1758]]-[[1815]]), divine; B. A. Sidney Sussex College, Cambrulge, 1781, and fellow; published * The History of Tiberius ( 1814), in which he maintained thai Tiberius was a Christian convert.
William Rendle: '''William Rendle''' ([[1811]]-[[1893]]), antiquary ; practised in Southwark as a physician for nearly fifty years; P.R.O.8., 1K7S: wrote several valuable treatises on the history of Southwark.
Laurence Renehan: '''Laurence Renehan''' ([[1797]]-[[1857]]), president of Maynooth College; professor of scripture (1827-34), vicepresident (1834-45), and president (1845-57) of Maynooth College; made a large collection of Irish ecclesiastical records, which he bequeathed to the college.
James Rennell: '''James Rennell''' ([[1742]]-[[1830]]), geographer; entered the navy, 1768, and the East India Company's service, 1763; appointed surveyor-general of Bengal, J764, and was employed on the survey of the province the first prepared from 1704 to 1777: published hisBengal Atlas1779, and other valuable works relating to the geography of Western Asia, Africa, and the Atlantic.
Thomas Benhell: '''Thomas Benhell''' (1 [[787]]-[[1824]] XdiviueYonly'son of Thomas Rennell(1754-18lO); of Eton and King's College, Cambridge: M.A., 1813: B.D., 1822: became vicar of Kensington, 1816; published miscellaneous treatises.
Thomas Rennell: '''Thomas Rennell''' ([[1754]]-[[1840]]), dean of Winchester; educated at Eton; fellow of King's College, Cambridge; M.A.f*r litercu regiat, 1779: D.D., 1794; master of the T niple, 1797-1827; dean of Winchester, 1805-40; had a high reputation as a scholar and divine.
George Rennie: '''George Rennie''' ([[1749]]-[[1828]]), agriculturist: wrote on agriculture and kindred subjects.
George Rennie: '''George Rennie''' ([[1802]]-[[1860]]), sculptor and politician; son of George Rennie (1749-1828); exhibited statues and busts at the Royal Academy, 1828-37; liberal M.P. for Ipswich, 1841, retiring, 1847; governor of the Falkland Islands,; whose condition he greatly improved, 1847-55.
George Rennie: '''George Rennie''' ([[1791]]-[[1866]]), civil engineer ; eldest son of John Rennie; educated at St. Paul's School, London, and Edinburgh University; entered into partnership with his brother, Sir John Rennie, 1821, and Imd considerable business as a railway engineer, besides superintending the mechanical business of the firm.
James Rennie: '''James Rennie''' ([[1787]]-[[1867]]), naturalist; M.A. Glasgow, 1815; professor of natural history at King's College, London, 1830-4: emigrated to Australia, 1840; published and edited works on natural history.
John Rennie: '''John Rennie''' ([[1761]]-[[1821]]), civil engineer; younger brother of George Rennie (1749-1828); studied at Edinburgh University; entered James Watt's employ, 1784; began business on his own account, c. 1791; F.R.S., 1798; had a great reputation as a constructor of canals, docks, harbours, and bridges. Waterloo bridge (1810-17), London bridge, and Southwark bridge (1816-19), were designed by him, as well as the Plymouth breakwater.
Sir John Rennie: '''Sir John Rennie''' ([[1794]]-[[1874]]). civil engineer; eon of John Rennie: carried on his father's business after his death, completing London bridge (opened, 1831) and Plymouth breakwater; knighted, 1831; retired, c.1862.
Rennioek: '''Rennioek''' or RHANGER, MICHAEL ([[1530]]-[[1609]]), divine: B.A. Cambridge; B.A. Magdalen College, Oxford, 1546; M.A., 1549; D.D., 1573: distinguished asa preacher during Edward VI's reign: retired to the continent on the accession of Queen Mary, but returned on her death and became one of Queen. Elizabeth's chaplains; archdeacon of Winchester, 1575; published political treatises.

[edit] Section 1163

George Alexander Renny: '''George Alexander Renny''' ([[1825]]-[[1887]]), major-general, royal artillery; entered the Bengal horse artillery, 1844; behaved with extraordinary gallantry at the siege of Delhi, 1857, and received the Victoria Cross; retired from active service, 1878.
George Cecil Benottard: '''George Cecil Benottard''' ([[1780]]-[[1867]]), scholar ; of St. Paul's School and Charterhouse, London; fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1804; B.A., 1802; M.A. per literat regitu, 1806; B.D., 1811; afterwards passed some years as a chaplain in the Levant; lord almoner's professor of Arabic at Cambridge, 1815-21; rector of Swanscombe, 1818-07; R.A.S., 1824. His contributions to classical and oriental study were numerous and important.
Sir Peter Le Page Renouf: '''Sir Peter Le Page Renouf''' ([[1822]]-[[1897]]), egyptologlst, oriental scholar, and theologian; born in Guernsey; educated at Pembroke College, Oxford; came in contact with the tractarians and entered the Roman church, 1842: professor of ancient history and afterwards of eastern languages at Roman catholic university of Ireland, 1855-64; studied egyptology, and published in 4 Atlantis 1863, a defence of the 1 science against attacks of Sir George Cornewall Lewis; attacked doctrine of papal Infallibility in an essay, 1868, which was placed on the Index; advocated foundation of Roman catholic college at Oxford, 1864; government inspector of schools, 1866; keeper of Egyptian and Assyrian antiquities in British Museum, 1885-91; president (1887) of Society of Biblical Archaeology, to whose publications he contributed; knighted, 1896.
James Benwick: '''James Benwick''' ([[1662]]-1 [[688]]), Scottish covenanter ; threw in his lot with the Cameronians in 1681, after a liberal education at Edinburgh University (M.A., 1681); publicly proclaimed the Lanark declaration, 1682, and proceeded to study at Groninpeu; was ordained and ( 1683) entered on his Scottish ministry; became famous as a field preacher and (1685) refused to join Argyle's insurrection because it was not based on the covenant; captured (1688) and executed in the Grassmarket on 17 Feb. after refusing to petition fora reprieve; celebrated as the last of the martyrs of the covenant,
Renwick: '''Renwick''' 1097
Reynolds: '''Reynolds'''
William Rznwick: '''William Rznwick''' ([[1740]] ?-[[1814]]), naval surgeon and author; captured by John Paul Jonc-- in th.BearbnMgh in 1779, and wrote n description of tin- cntfatfcment in ln-roic verse; published a uuui!*-r..f pamphlet* and poem*, xlviii. 25 J
Renzy: '''Renzy''' or RENTSI, SIR MATTHEW IK ([[1577]]1634), Irish writer: a native of Cologne; waa an officer of the customs in In-land. None of his writing* (which are said to have Included au Irish grammar and dictionary ) art- c-xtant.
Repington: '''Repington''' or REPYNGDON, PHILIP (rf. [[1424]]), bishop of Lincoln and cardinal: educated at Brondgatei Hall, Oxfonl: was the most prominent supporter of Wycllffe at Oxfonl: was excommunicated, 1382, but after n few month* abjured his heresies and was restored: made chaplain to Henry IV, 1400; consecrated bishop of Lincoln, 1405; created a cardinal, 1408; resigned his bishopric, 1419.
Reppe: '''Reppe''' 8, WILLIAM (. [[1550]]).
George Stanley Reptoh: '''George Stanley Reptoh''' (d. [[1858]]), architect ; son of Humphry Ilepton; assisted his father to design the Brighton Pavilion; made a runaway match with Lady Elizabeth Scott, eldest daughter of Lord Eldou, 1817.
Humphry Repton: '''Humphry Repton''' ([[1752]]-[[1818]]). landscapegardener: lost his fortune and became a professional landscape gardener, being employed by the chief noblemen of thedny; published a number of treatise*, including An Inquiry into the Changes of Taste in Landscape Gardening 1806.
John Adey Repton: '''John Adey Repton''' ([[1775]]-[[1860]]), architect ; assisted his father by preparing architectural designs as adjuncts to landscape gardening; contributed to Archreologla
Reresby: '''Reresby''' Sm JOHN, baronet ([[1634]]-[[1689]]), author of Travels and Memoirs travelled on the continent during the Commonwealth, and in 1075 entered parliament (M.P., Aldborough) as a supporter of the court. HisMemoirsappeared in 1734, and hisTravels and Memoirs were published together in 1813.
Nathaniel Resbttry: '''Nathaniel Resbttry''' ([[1643]]-[[1711]]), divine : M.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1672 (incorporated at Oxfonl, 1673; D.D. Merton College, Oxford, 1692): became chaplain in ordinary to William and Mary, 1691; published theological treatises.
Adam Reuter: '''Adam Reuter''' (.T. [[1608]]-1G26), author : a native of Kottbus in Silesia: resided many years at Oxford, having become a member of Exeter College, and wrote against the papacy.
Revan: '''Revan''' 8, SAMUEL ([[1808]]-[[1888]]), colonist : proceeded to New Zealand, 1840; published theNew Zealand Gazette the first newspaper In that colony,
Willey Reveley: '''Willey Reveley''' (d. [[1799]]), architect; edited vol. iii. of Stuart'sAntiquities of Athens 1794.
Revell: '''Revell''' or RTVELL, Sm RICHARD (rf. [[1222]]), knight and landowner; sheriff of Devonshire and Cornwall in Richard I's reign.
Nicholas Revett: '''Nicholas Revett''' ([[1720]]-[[1804]]), architect and draughtsman; became acquainted with James Stuart (1713-1788) at Rome, and was associated with him in preparing and publishing the first volume of the * Antiquities of Athens(1762); subsequently prepared theAntiquities of Ionia(1769-97) for the Society of Dilettanti.
Sir Abraham Reynardson: '''Sir Abraham Reynardson''' ([[1590]]-[[1661]]), lord mayor of London; became master of the Merchant TaylorsCompany, 1640: lord mayor, 1648-9: deposed and heavily fined (1C49) for manifesting royalist sympathies; was knighted at the Restoration, but declined the mayoralty on account of ill-health.
Oarew Reynell: '''Oarew Reynell''' ([[1636]]-[[1690]]), economic writer ; a Hampshire country gentleman: of Wodham College, Oxfonl; student, Middle Temple, 1654; author of The True English Interest 1674, a work accepting the mercantile theory without question.
Carkvt Reynell: '''Carkvt Reynell''' fl[[698]]-[[174]]fX wloeeMhrdj bishop of Down and Connor and of Ivrry;: Oxfonl, 1711; M.A., 171'j; D.D.. 1730: roiwecrated btebop of Down and Connor, 1739; translated to Derrj. xlviii. 371
Edward Reynell: '''Edward Reynell''' ([[161]]S-[[1663]]), divine; .,' College, Oxfonl. and the Middle Temple; rector )gfU; published several piece* in prose and Terse; committed suicide.
Clemfnt Reyner: '''Clemfnt Reyner''' ( [[1589]]-[[1651]] X abbot of Lambspring or Lansperg in Germany: born in Yorkshire: became a Benedictine, 1610. and first abbot of Lansperg, 1643; died at Hlhlesheim. He edited Anostolato* Benedictluorum In Anglia the- history of the Benedictine Order In England.

[edit] Section 1164

Reyner: '''Reyner''' 1. 1 (WARD ([[1600]]-[[1668]]). ejected minister; M.A. St John's College, Cambridge, 1624: rector of St. Peter at Arches, Lincoln, 1627, ejected, 1062; publih-l religious treatises.
William Reyner: '''William Reyner''' (. [[1615]]-[[1619]]). translator; pobttshM Latin versions of Roman catholic controversial treatises.
John Reynes: '''John Reynes''' (?. [[1527]]-[[1644]]), stationer ami bookbinder in London.
Thomas Reynold: '''Thomas Reynold''' ( fl. [[1541]]-[[1565]]). London printer : frequently confused with Thomas Rayualde, whose first book he printed.
Reynolds: '''Reynolds''' Sm BARRINGTON ([[1786]]-[[1861]] X admiral; son of Robert Carthew Reynolds (1748?-1811) ; entered the navy, 1795; saw much active service; admiral, 1860; G.C.B., 1861.
Christopher Augustine Reynolds: '''Christopher Augustine Reynolds''' ([[1834]]1893), first Roman catholic archbishop of South Australia: went to Australia, 1855, as a Roman catholic priest and (1873) was consecrated bishop of Adelaide; nominated archbishop by Pope Leo XIII, 1887.
Edward Reynolds: '''Edward Reynolds''' ([[1599]]-[[1676]]% bishop of Norwich; fellow of Merton College, Oxford, 1619; M.A., 1624, r.nci D.D., 1648 (also incorporated at Cambridge); warden of Merton College, Oxford, 1660-1; consecrated bishop, 1661: a moderate Anglican; published pennons and short religious works.
Edward Reynolds: '''Edward Reynolds''' ([[1629]]-[[1698]]), archdeacon of Norfolk; son of Edwanl Reynolds (1599-1676): of Merton and Magdalen College*, Oxford: BJL, 1649: made fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, by the parliamentary visitors; D.D., 1C76; archdeacon of Norfolk, 1661-98.
Frances Reynolds: '''Frances Reynolds''' ([[1729]]-[[1807]]), painter; sister of Sir Joshua Reynolds; a friend of Dr. Johnson, whose portrait she painted.
Frederic Reynolds: '''Frederic Reynolds''' ([[1764]]-[[1841]] dramatist : of Westminster School and the Middle Temple: began writing for the stage, 1785, and composed nearly one hundred tragedies and comedies, many of which were printed.
Frederic Mansel Reynolds: '''Frederic Mansel Reynolds''' (. I[[860]]), author: eldest son of Frederic Reynolds; editedThe Keepsake* and published (1833 Miserrimus. a Tale founded on the inscription in Worcester Cathedral on the gravestone of Thomas Morris (1600-1748)
George Nugent Reynolds: '''George Nugent Reynolds''' ([[1770]] V-[[1802]]), Irish poet; a gentleman of Leitrim; author of Kathleen O'More * ( 1800) and other popular lyrics. In 1830 Campbell's Exile of Erin was claimed for him by his relatives.
George William Reynolds: '''George William Reynolds''' MxcARTHUR (1814-1879X author and politician; became editor of the London Journal 1846; started Reynolds- Miscellany 1846. and Reynolds Weekly Newspaper 1850: appeared as a chartist lender, 1848, retaining his connection with the movement till 1866: was an advocate of extreme measures and a supporter of James O'Brien; wrote a number of novels of a sensational character. xlvilL 431
Henry Reynolds: '''Henry Reynolds''' (!. [[1627]]-[[1632]]), poet and critic : friend of Dray ton and the author of a translation of Tasso's Amiuta (1628) and of au essay on the nature of poetry, 1632.
Reynolds: '''Reynolds''' 1008
Reynolds: '''Reynolds'''
Henry Kevhll Reynolds: '''Henry Kevhll Reynolds''' ([[1745]]-[[1811]]), physician of Lincoln College,.fonl. Trinity College, CamKridatand Edinburgh: M.D. Cambridge, 1773; wtth-d London 1778: registrar, 1781-3, Gulstonian lecturer, 1776 ami Harveian orator, 1776, of the Royal College of Physicians: became physic-ian-in-ordinary to George III, is;,;.
Henry Robert Reynolds: '''Henry Robert Reynolds''' ([[1825]]-[[1896]]), couimational divine: grandson of Henry Revell Reynold educated at Coward College, London; B.A. London, 1848; fellow of University College, London, 1848* ordained pastor of congregational church at Hatetead, Basex, 1846; minister of East Parade Chapel, LeedTuUa; president, 1860-94, of Cheshunt College: co-editor of British Quarterly Review 1866-74; editor of Bvangelioal Magazine 1877-82; published theological
James Reynolds: '''James Reynolds''' ([[1686]]-[[1739]]), judge; nephew of Sir John Reynolds; M.A., 1705, and fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1712; M.P., Bury St Edmunds, 1717; appointed puisne judge in the king's bench, 1725, and lord chief-baron of the exchequer, 1730; retired, 1738.
Sir James Reynolds: '''Sir James Reynolds''' ([[1684]]-[[1747]]), judge; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1710; appointed baron of the court of exchequer, 1740; knighted, 1745.
James Reynolds: '''James Reynolds''' ([[1805]]-[[1866]]), orientalist; B.A. St. Catharine's College, Cambridge, 1826; perpetual curate of St. Mary's Chapel, Great Ilford, 1837; secretary to the Oriental Translation Fund of the Royal Asiatic Society; published translations from the Persian and Arabic.
John Reynolds: '''John Reynolds''' ([[1549]]-[[1607]]).
Reynolds: '''Reynolds''' or REINOLDS, JOHN ([[1584]]-[[1614]]), epigrammatist; fellow of New College, Oxford, 1602; B.O.L., 1607; published Epigrammata 1611.
John Reynolds: '''John Reynolds''' (ft. [[1621]]-[[1650]]), author ; a merchant of Exeter; published several translations from the French and Dutch, besides some original verse.
Sir John Reynolds: '''Sir John Reynolds''' ([[1625]]-[[1657]]), soldier ; probably a member of the Middle Temple; joined the parliamentary army, and (1648) commanded a regiment of horse; took part in the Irish campaigns; M.P., Galway and Mayo, 1654, Waterford and Tipperary, 1656; knighted, 1655; commanded the English force which co-operated with the French in Flanders, 1667; perished at sea when returning to England.

[edit] Section 1165

John Reynolds: '''John Reynolds''' ([[1667]]-[[1727]]), dissenting minister ; of Pembroke College, Oxford; ordained to Oldbury Chapel, 1699, and afterwards to the presbyterian congregation at Shrewsbury; published several religious trcaEJHft
John Reynolds: '''John Reynolds''' ([[1713]] ?-[[1788]]), admiral ; entered the navy as avolunteer per order 1728; lieutenant, 1736; governor of Georgia, 1754-9; admiral, 1787. _
John Hamilton Reynolds: '''John Hamilton Reynolds''' ([[1796]]-[[1852]]), poet ; educated at St. Paul's School, London; published two volumes of verse in 1814; friend and correspondent of Keate from 1816; entered a solicitor's office, 1818, but continued to write both prose and verse; clerk to the county court in the Isle of Wight; best remembered for his Romance of Youth and some sonnets,
Reynolds: '''Reynolds''' 8m JOHN RUSSELL, first baronet (1828-1896), physician; grandson of Henry Revell Reynolds; M.D. London, 1852; F.R.S., 1869; became physician-iu-ordinary to the queen's household, 1878; president, Royal College of Physicians, 1893-5; created baronet, 1895; wrote on nervous diseases and edited the System of Medicine 1866-79.
John Stuckey Reynolds: '''John Stuckey Reynolds''' ([[1791]]-[[1874]]), founder of the Home and Colonial Training College in Gray's Inn Road, London: was a clerk in the treasury office; erected several infant cchools in various parts of London, and founded the training college in 1836 to train teachers in Pestalozzlan methods.
Sir Joshua Reynolds: '''Sir Joshua Reynolds''' ([[1723]]-[[1792]]), portrait; born at Plympton-Earl's in Devonshire; son of the Rev. Samuel Reynold?, master of the Plympton-Earl's grammar school; showed an early talent for portraiture, and was apprenticed to Thomas Hudson (1701-1779); between 1743 and 1749 painted portraits at London and Plymouth; taken by Commodore Keppel to the Mediterranean, 1749; spent three years in study in Italy, and returned to London, where he soon put all rivals at a distance, and in 1759 had 156 sitters; his art between 1753 :iiul 1760 represented in the National Gallery by the Lonl Ligonier on horseback and the portraitof Anne, countess of Albemarle; made an income of about 6,000. a year, which he spent largely in buying pictures: was by 1760 intimately acquainted with Garrick, Goldsmith, and Johnson; removed, 1760, from Great Newport Street to Leicester Fields, where he lived till his death; mainly identified, as regards his profession of portrait-painter, with the whig party, to which his early patrons had belonged; founded the Literary Club, 1764, to give, as he said, Dr. Johnson unlimited opportunities of talking; selected as president of the Royal Academy on its foundation in 1768; knighted, 1769; immediately took the most active part in organising the Academy and its schools; subsequently devoted more of his time to pictures of the imagination, the number of his sitters having decreased; hon. D.O.L. Oxford, 1773; selected mayor of Plymouth, 1773; compelled to cease painting by the partial failure of his- eyesight, 1790; buried in the crypt of St. Paul's Cathedral. He was the greatest portrait-painter that England has produced, and is ranked by Ruskin as one of the seven supreme colourists. His literary works consist mainly of his Discourses which probably received some polish from Johnson, Burke, Malone, and others, before they were published, but were essentially his own both in style and thought.
Richard Reynolds: '''Richard Reynolds''' (d. [[1535]]), martyr ; studied at Christ's College, Cambridge; B.D., 1513; one of the foremost scholars of the day; executed for refusing to accept the royal supremacy over the church.
Reynolds: '''Reynolds''' or RAINOLDE, RICHARD (d. [[1606]]), divine and chronicler; of St. John's College, Cambridge: M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1553; held several ecclesiastical preferments in Essex; published a work in rhetoric, 1563, and another on the Roman emperors, 1571.
Richard Reynolds: '''Richard Reynolds''' ([[1674]]-[[1743]]), successively bishop of Bangor and Lincoln; LL.B. Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 1695; LL.D. Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, 1701; was bishop of Bangor, 1721-3; bishop of Lincoln, 1723-43.
Richard Reynolds: '''Richard Reynolds''' ([[1735]]-[[1816]]), quaker-philauthropist; was the proprietor of large ironworks in Staffordshire; retired from business, 1789, and was distinguished by his munificent charitable gifts.
Sir Robert Reynolds: '''Sir Robert Reynolds''' (ft. [[1640]]-[[1660]]), lawyer ; brother of Sir John Reynolds; M.P., Hindon, Long parliament; took the parliamentary side in the civil war; refused to act as a commissioner on Charles I's trial; became solicitor-general, 1650; disappeared from public life in 1653, but returned on Cromwell's death and (1660) became attorney-general; promoted the Restoration and was knighted by Charles II, 1660.
Robert Carthew Reynolds: '''Robert Carthew Reynolds''' (d. [[1804]]), lieutenant in the navy; son of Robert Oarthew Reynolds (1748?-1811),; died from wounds received at Martinique after showing great gallantry,
Robert Oarthew Reynolds: '''Robert Oarthew Reynolds''' ([[1748]] ?-[[1811]]), rear-admiral; entered the navy, 1759; saw much service during the French wars; rear-admiral, 1808; perished in a storm on the coast of Jutland.
Samuel Harvey Reynolds: '''Samuel Harvey Reynolds''' ([[1831]]-[[1897]]), divine and journalist; educated at Radley and Exeter College, Oxford; fellow of Braseuose College, Oxford, 1856; M.A., 1857; entered Lincoln's Inn, 1858; ordained priest, 1865; successively Latin lecturer, tutor, and bursar at Brasenose College, Oxford; held college living of East Ham, 1871-93; leader-writer on staff ofThe Times 1873-96; edited Homer'sIliad 1870, and other classics, and published original essays on various subjects.
Samuel William Reynolds: '''Samuel William Reynolds''' ([[1773]]-[[1835]]), mezzotint engraver and landscape-painter; engraved
Reynolds: '''Reynolds''' 1009
Rhys: '''Rhys''' many fine works which create! much enthusiasm French artists; successfully employed etching to strengthen the mez.otint.
Sam Del William Reynolds: '''Sam Del William Reynolds''' ([[1794]]-[[1872]]), portrait-painter; son of Samuel William Reynold* (17731835 ); exhibited at the Royal Academy.
Thomas Reynolds: '''Thomas Reynolds''' (.
Nold: '''Nold''' J
Thomas Reynolds: '''Thomas Reynolds''' ([[1667]] 7-17J7), presbyterian minister; pastor to a congregation in Great Eastcheap, London, 1695-1727; opposed the growth of ariau tendeucieu among the English presbyterians.
Thomas Reynolds: '''Thomas Reynolds''' ([[1752]]-[[1829]]), antiquar Lincoln College, Oxford, 1777; rector of Little Bowden, 1776-1829; his principal work, Iter Britanniarum 1799 (au edition of the British portion of Antoninus* Itinerary)
Thomas Reynolds: '''Thomas Reynolds''' ([[1771]]-[[1836]]X uiformer; became a United Irishman, 1797, but turned informer in 1798, while financially embarrassed, and betrayed the provincial committee to the police; retired to Paris, 1822.
Walter Reynolds: '''Walter Reynolds''' (d. [[1327]]), archbishop of Canterbury; employed, like other secular-minded clerks in Edward I's rougher business; became a favourite of Edward II, who made him bishop of Worcester, 1307, and lord chancellor, 1310; became archbishop of Canterbury by a papal bull, in spite of the previous election of Thomas de Cobham by the Canterbury monks, 1313; supported Edward II in political disputes, und several times attempted mediation: succeeded in introducing a considerable measure of ecclesiastical reform; made his peace with Queen Isabella on the overthrow of Edward II; crowned Edward III at Westiniiwu-r, and became a member of his council, but had little influence on affairs.
William Reynolds: '''William Reynolds''' ([[1544]] ?-[[1594]] Bee RAJ-

[edit] Section 1166

Nolds: '''Nolds'''
William Reynolds: '''William Reynolds''' ([[1625]]-[[1698]]), dissenting minister; M.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1648 (incorporated at Oxford, 1649); became joint-minister at Nottingham with John Whitlock, 1651, both being ejected, 1662, and several times imprisoned, but returning to Nottingham in 1687.
William Reynolds: '''William Reynolds''' ([[1758]]-[[1803]]), inventor; eldest sou of Richard Reynolds (1735-1816); was associated with his father in the management of the works and collieries of Ketley; obtained a patent (1799) for preparing iron for conversion into steel by the use of manganese.
William Lewis Rham: '''William Lewis Rham''' ([[1778]]-[[1843]]X agriculturist; born at Utrecht; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1810; prebendary of Salisbury, 1806; appointed vicar of Winkfleld, 1808; opened a school of industry at Winkfield, 1835; member of the Royal Agricultural Society, and a great authority on agricultural methods; contributed to the Library of Useful Knowledge a manual on * Flemish Industry
Rheat: '''Rheat''' ), ALEXANDER ([[1586]] ?-[[1641]]).
John Morgan: '''John Morgan''' ([[1760]]-[[1804]]), divine ; bap tist minister at Peny-garu, Monmouthshire; was a strong republican, and (1794) emigrated to Pennsylvania, where be became a noted preacher.
Rhese: '''Rhese'''
Alexander Henry Rhjnd: '''Alexander Henry Rhjnd''' ([[1833]]-[[1863]]), antiquary; studied at Edinburgh University; early devoted himself to the study of Scottish antiquities: compelled, from 1853, to travel in consequence of weak health; published (1862) Thebes, it* Tombs and their Tenants,* the result of a sojourn in Egypt, besides le*a important treatises,
Ap Cynfyn Rhiwallon: '''Ap Cynfyn Rhiwallon''' (d. [[1069]]), Welsh prince : eived North Wales in 1163 as a tributary of Edward reoeiv the Confessor; fell in battle.
Ebenezer Rhodes: '''Ebenezer Rhodes''' ([[1762]]-[[1830]]), topographer ; a master-cutler; published Peak Scenery 1818-24, which remains a standard work on Derbyshire.
Hugh Rhodes: '''Hugh Rhodes''' (. [[1660]]-[[1665]]), author of the ' Book f Nurture ( 1550 ?); published abo TbeObTld-Byshop (1555), a fulsome panegyric on Mary
John Rhodes: '''John Rhodes''' N. (18W-[[184]]J), **~"
Richard Rhodes: '''Richard Rhodes''' (d. 18), poet and dramatist ; student, Cbri-t.ford; B.A., 1661; author of Flora's Vagaries (published, 1870X comedy.
Richard Rhodes: '''Richard Rhodes''' ([[1766]]-18J8), e. ig!r' I "lo * in the style of James Heath (1767-18*4)
William Barne Rhodes: '''William Barne Rhodes''' 8([[177]]S-18&SramaLc writer; chief tell, r in the Bank of England. 182S-6; ?, U u t ! 1 a ( rof { be 1 on KtP u Ia burlesque Bomba.tetFurio*); (1813), which had been produced at the Haymarkot London, in 1810.
Mawii Rhodri: '''Mawii Rhodri''' , i.e. THE GREAT (d. [[877]]), Welsh king; son of Merfyn Frych, on whose death, in 844, he became ruler of North Wales; chiefly occupied In withstanding the incursions of the Danes; fell in battle against the English.
Ab Owain Rhodri: '''Ab Owain Rhodri''' (d. [[1195]]), Welsh prinoe ; son of Owain Gwynedd; drove bis elder brother, David, out of Anglesey in 1175 and ruled there till 1191, when he was dispossessed by his nephews.
Ap Maelgwn Rhtjn: '''Ap Maelgwn Rhtjn''' (ft. [[547]]), British king; succeeded his father, Maelgwn Gwynedd, as ruler of North Wales, 547. Legend connected him with King Arthur, and he appears in the Triads as one of the three blessed rulers of Britain.
Hael Rhydderch: '''Hael Rhydderch''' , i.e. THE LIBERAL, or HEX, i.e.
Aged The: '''Aged The''' (ft. [[580]]), British king ; reigned in Alclnd or Dumbarton, but Is almost unnoticed In early records. It is, however, generally believed that he was the victor in the battle of Arderydd, 573.
Roderick Rhydderch: '''Roderick Rhydderch''' , or ROGERS, JOHN (rf. 1735), printer; settled In Shrewbury, 1708; printed a number of books connected with Wales, 1708-28.
Rhygyfarch: '''Rhygyfarch''' wrongly called Rbyddmareh, and in Latin, Ricemarchus (1056-1099), clerk of St. David's; eldest son of Sulien; author of the oldest extant life of St. David, preserved among the Cotton. MSS., and printed in Rees's * Cambro- British Saints
Ab Owain Rhys: '''Ab Owain Rhys''' (d. [[1078]]), Welsh prince : became sole ruler of South Wales, 1076, but was dispossessed, 1078, by Trahaearn ap Caradog.
Rhys: '''Rhys''' A i- TEWDWR (d. [[1093]]), Welsh king: king of South Wales on the death of bis cousin, Rhys ab Owain, in 1078, but was much harassed by the princes of North Wales, whom he decisively defeated in 1081; killed in battle against the Norman settlers in Brecknock.
Ap Grtjffydd Rhys: '''Ap Grtjffydd Rhys''' ([[1132]] ?- 11 97), prince of South Wales: son of Gruffydd ab Rhys (d. 1137); became sole ruler of the Welsh in Dyfed, Ceredigion, and Y.-tnid Tywi, 1155; engaged In a long struggle with Henry II, whom, however, he supported during the rebellion of 1173-4; eventually acknowledged Henry 1 1's supremacy, but on the accession of Richard I resumed his independence,

[edit] Section 1167

Goch Ap Rhicert Rhys: '''Goch Ap Rhicert Rhys''' (JT. [[1300]]), WeL.li poet: lived in Glamorgan. His poems first became known through their publication in the lolo MSS.
Goch Eryri Rhys: '''Goch Eryri Rhys''' , i.e. of Suowdou ( [[1310]] ?-[[1400]] ?), Welsh pout; lived near Bedd Gelert. Seven of his poems have been printed, but a large number remain unpriuted in the Britten Museum among the Cymrodoriou MSS.
Rhys: '''Rhys''' (or RICE) AP THOMAS ([[1449]]-[[1525]]), supporter of Henry VII; formed a fighting force of several thousand men in South Wales, with whom he joined the Earl of Richmond (afterwards Henry VII) after his landing in 1485; knighted, 1485; received numerous honours aud preferments from Henry VIL
Rhys: '''Rhys''' 1100
Rich: '''Rich'''
Ioan Dafydd Rhys: '''Ioan Dafydd Rhys''' , or JOHN DAVID ([[1534]]1609) Welsh grammarian; studied at Christ Church, Oxford, and to several Italian universities; published (IMS) a Welsh grammar, still extunt.
Morgan Rhys: '''Morgan Rhys''' ([[1710]]7-[[1779]]), Welsh hymn-writer ; a Onlviufctic methodUt preacher of the Cilycwm circuit; published a collection of twenty-two hymns in 1700, a second collection in 1767, and a third in 1770-1..
Rhy: '''Rhy''' 8BRACH, JOHN MICHAEL ([[1693]]7-[[1770]]). yTAT.T., SIR PHINEAS (1775-1850), general; entered the army, 1794; served in the West Indies and Canada: aoDointai governor of Grenada, 1816; knighted, 1833; general, 18l.
David Ricardo: '''David Ricardo''' ([[1772]]-[[1823]]), economist ; the son of a Dutch jew, who made a fortune on the London stock exchange early in life; through the perusal of the Wealth of Nations became interested in the scientific treatment of economic questions: bad become a leading authority upon the subject by 1817, and, in accordance with the wishes of his friends for a more systematic exposition of his theories, published his well-known Principles of Political Economy and Taxation 1817, in which he elaborated his theory of rent, exhibited the relation between rent, profit, and wages, and traced the incidence of taxation; retired from business, 1814, and settled in Gloucestershire; M.P., Portarlington, 1819-23; though an independent thinker, generally supported the radical party; won became accepted in the house as an authority on financial matters. He was the principal founder of the classical school of political economy.
John Lewis Ricardo: '''John Lewis Ricardo''' ([[1812]]-[[1862]]), free-trader ; nephew of David Ricardo; M.P., Stoke-upouTrent, 1841-62; supported the repeal of the corn laws and navigation laws.
Robert Ricart: '''Robert Ricart''' (fl. [[1466]]-[[1508]]), town clerk of Bristol; compiled the Mayor's Register a. record of the ancient usages of the city, which was edited for the Camden Society in 1872.
Sir Paul Ricaut: '''Sir Paul Ricaut''' ([[1628]]-[[1700]]).
Robert Riccaltoto: '''Robert Riccaltoto''' ([[1691]]-[[1769]]), Scottish divine ; educated at Edinburgh University; minister of Hopekirk, 1725-69; befriended and encouraged James Thomson, author of theSeasons published an ode on Winter in Savage's Miscellany 1726; engaged in the Marrow controversy
Riccio: '''Riccio''' or RIZZIO, DAVID ([[1533]]7-[[1566]]), secretary to Mary Queen of Scots; son of a musician at Pancalieri, near Turin; began life in the service of the archbishop of Turin; accompanied the ambassador of the Duke of Savoy to Scotland, 1561, and (1564) became French secretary to Mary Queen of Scots, his appointment marking a change in her policy, which now became independent both of the Guises and the Scottish lords; arranged the marriage with Darnley, and practically superseded Maitland of Lethington as secretary of state; with his new position of authority assumed a haughty demeanour; exasperated the Scottish nobles by his assumption of superiority, and in particular annoyed Darnlev, Mary's husband, who found himself excluded from political power; was suspected by Darnley of being the queen's lover; was at length seized in the queen's presence by an armed band, including Daruley and Morton, ami despatched in an antechamber.
Ap Thomas Rice: '''Ap Thomas Rice''' ([[1449]]-[[1525]]).
Edmund Ignatius Rice: '''Edmund Ignatius Rice''' ([[1762]]-[[1844]]), founder of the Roman catholic institute known as the Irish Christian Brothers; was owner of a provision merchant's oatineai at Waterford; began (c. 1802) to educate the children of Waterford gratuitously, and with the other directors took religious vows and became known as the Christian Brothers 1808 (the order was sanctioned by JJ, 1880): elected superior-general, 1822. The icboou erentaally spread over the greater part of Ireland; in 1896 numbered throe hundred, with an average aailj attendance of thirty thousand pupils,
George Rice: '''George Rice''' ([[1721]]-[[1779]]), politician; of Christ Church, Oxford: M.P., Carmarthenshire, 1754-79; supported Lord North; treasurer of the king's chamber, 1770; privy councillor, 1770.
James Rice: '''James Rice''' ([[1843]]-[[1882]]), novelist; of Queens' College, Cambridge; chiefly known for his literary partnership with (Sir) Walter Besant, which commenced in 1872 with * Ready Money Mortiboy and continued till the close of his life: published, with (Sir) Walter Bezant, The Golden Butterfly 1876, andThe Seamy Side 1881, among other works; published independently a history of the British turf, 1879.
Rice: '''Rice''' Sm JOHN AP (d. [[1573]] ?).
Rice: '''Rice''' or PRICE, RICHARD (. [[1535]]-[[1579]]), author ; brother of Ellis Price; abbot of Conway, 1536; published two theological treatises.
Sir Stephen Rice: '''Sir Stephen Rice''' ([[1637]]-[[1715]]), chief-baron of the exchequer in Ireland; appointed a baron by James II, 1686, and chief baron, 1687; took a large share in remodelling the Irish corporations; on the overthrow of James II escaped reprisals under the articles of Limerick.
Thomas Spring Rice: '''Thomas Spring Rice''' , first BARON MONTEAGLE (1790-1866).
Ricemarchtjs: '''Ricemarchtjs''' ([[1056]]-[[1099]]).
Barnabe Rich: '''Barnabe Rich''' ([[1540]] 7-[[1620]] ?), author and soldier ; fought in Queen Mary's war with France (1557-8) and in the Low Countries, rising to the rank of captain; began to write in 1574, and for nearly fifty years devoted his leisure to the production of romances iu the style of Lyly's Euphues pamphlets, and reminiscences; found a patron in Sir Christopher Hatton, and (1584) held a military command in Ireland; his admirers in his own day numerous, but chiefly drawn from the less cultivated classes. His extant printed works are twenty-four in number, and several others exist in manuscript. From the second story Apolonius and Silla inRiche his Farewell to Militarie profession (1581) Shakespeare drew the plot of Twelfth Night
Christopher Rich: '''Christopher Rich''' (d. [[1714]]), theatrical manager; originally an attorney; purchased a share in the management of the Theatre Royal (afterwards Drury Lane), London, 1688; controlled (1706-7) the three London playhouses (Drury Lane, Dorset Garden, and Haymarket), but alienated all who came in contact with him by his avarice and oppression of the actors; Drury Lane closed in consequence of his arbitrary measures by the lord chamberlain, 1709, mitil the orders for the redress of the actor's grievances had been complied with; soon afterwards lost his hold on the theatre and began to erect a new one in Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, but died before its completion.

[edit] Section 1168

Claudius James Rich: '''Claudius James Rich''' ([[1787]]-[[1820]]), traveller: born at Dijon: passed his childhood at Bristol; acquire- 1 a great mastery of eastern languages; in 1803 entered the East India Company's service, and afterwards travelled in Asia Minor, Egypt, and Syria; East India Company's resident at Baghdad; died of cholera at Shiraz. His oriental collections were purchased by the trustees of the British Museum.
Edmund Rich: '''Edmund Rich''' ([[1170]] ?-[[1240]]).
Sir Henry Rich: '''Sir Henry Rich''' , first BARON KENSINGTON and first EARL OP HOLLAND (1590-1649), son of Robert Rich, first earl of Warwick, by his wife Penelope Rich; of Emmanuel College, Cambridge; knighted, 1610; M.P., Leicester, 1610 and 1614; enabled by natural qualifications to rise rapidly as a courtier; created Baron Kensington, 1623 and (1624) made Earl of Holland and employed to negotiate the marriage of Charles I and Henrietta Maria; enjoyed Queen Henrietta Maria's favour, and intrigued against Charles I's ministers; became general of the horse, 1639, and took an inglorious part in the Scottish war; joined the parliamentary party, 1642, but (1643) returned to Charles I's side; met an ungracious reception, and at the close of the year was partially reconciled to the parliament; took up arms for Charles I, in consequence of the refusal of the Commons to grant pecuniary compensation for his losses, 1648; captured at St. Neots, July 1648; beheaded, in spite of Fairfax's intercession.
Rich: '''Rich''' 1101
Richard: '''Richard''' I
Jeremiah Rich: '''Jeremiah Rich''' (d. I[[860]]?), stenognM eminent practitioner of shorthand; pupil ol lii.Willittm Cartwright, whose system ht- elaborated in a number of treatines, in some of which he claimed the methods as his ovn invention.
John Rich: '''John Rich''' ([[1682]] 7-[[1761]]), pantomtmlst and theatrical manager; son of Christopher Rich q. v.l; opened the new theatre at Lincoln's Inn Field*, London, 17 M: began to develop the pantomime, 1716, in which genre be himself always played Harlequin; produced a pantomime annually, 1717-60; opened the houne at I'ovent Garden, 1732, where Garrick appeared in 1746.
Mary Rich: '''Mary Rich''' , OOUXTKSS OF WARWICK ([[1626]]-[[1678]]), daughter of Richard Boyle, flrt earl of Cork: mirried (1641) Charles Rich, fourth earl of War developed a pietistic temperament, which led to her house in Essex becoming the retort of puritan divines; some devotional writings by her published, 1686; her diaries preserved in the British Museum.
Rich: '''Rich''' Pin NATHANIEL ([[1585]]7-[[1636]]), merchant adventurer; member of Gray's Inn, 1610: M.P., Totnes, 1614, East Retford, 1621, Harwich, 1624-5 and 1626-9, Newport (Isle of Wight), 1625; knighted, 1617; took part in forming a company of adventurers for the plantation of Providence and Henrietta, 1630, and (1635) became deputy-governor.
Nathaniel Rich: '''Nathaniel Rich''' (rf. [[1701]]), soldier: entered the life-guards of Earl of Essex, 1642; became colonel of a regiment of horse in the new model: M.P., Cirenoester, 1649; was inclined to the views of the Fifth-monarchy men and (1655) was deprived of his command and imprisoned for opposing Cromwell's government: restored to his command, 1659, but cashiered by Monck for resisting the Restoration, 1660: was arrested during the excitement caused by Yenner's plot, 1661, and remained in confinement till 1665.
Penelope Rich: '''Penelope Rich''' , LADY RICH ([[1562]]7-[[1607]]), daughter of Walter Devereux, first earl of Essex q. v.l; when a girl of fourteen won the admiration of (Sir) Philip Sidney, whom her father desired that she should marry; married to Robert Rich, third baron Rich (afterwards earl of Warwick X 1581; in consequence of her distaste for the marriage, encouraged the attentions of Sir Philip Sidney, who celebrated her charms and his affection in the series of sonnet*? afterwards collected under the title * AEtropbel and Stella(1591); became Lord Mount joy's mistress after Sidney's death, and from 1601 lived in open adultery, her husband abandoning her. according to her own statement, after the execution of her brother, the second Earl of Essex; divorced by Lord Rich, 1605, on which she married Mount joy, now become Earl of Devonshire.
Sir Richard Rich: '''Sir Richard Rich''' , first BARON RICH ([[1496]] 71567), lord chancellor; studied at the Middle Temple (reader, 1529); returned to the reformation parliament for Colchester, 1529: became solicitor-general, 1533: knighted, 1533; afterwards basely procured evidence against Fisher by visiting him in prison and pledging Henry VIITs word that the conversation should be regardel as confidential; perjured himself against Sir Thomas More at More's trial; knight of the shire for Essex and elected speaker, 1536; during 1536 and succeeding years occupied himself largely in the suppression of monasteries; shared Cromwell's unpopularity, but deserted him in his disgrace: took an active part in persecuting the reformers, and, according to Anne Askew's statement, racked her with bis own hands; created Baron Rich after the accession of Edward VI: appointed lord-chancellor, 1548; conducted the bill of attainder against Seymour through parliament, 1649, and afterwards joined Warwick in effecting the overthrow of Protector Somerset; employed by Warwick in proceedings against Gardiner and Ikmner, as well as in the measures against Mary; resigned the great seal, 1561; after signing the proclamation in favour of Lady Jane Grey, 1553, went down to Essex and declared for Queen Mary, during whose reign he distinguished himself by his severities against the protestants; founded Felstead grammar school, 1564.
Richard Rich: '''Richard Rich''' (. [[1609]]-[[1610]]), author of 'Newes from Virginia; sailed for Virginia in 1609 with Captain Christopher Newport; published on bis return to England a narrative in vera entitle.! Ncwes from Virginia(1610), containing alto a:i account of hi* sblpwrrck on I!:- I--:-. M,-. Tbl VOfl;rb. brfMMSjM MOM:n Shakespeare's Tempest
Robert Rich: '''Robert Rich''' (jf.litfft-lSiO), biographer; youneer bn.th.-r of Mmund (Kiel.), arc b bishop of Canterbury, whose lifelong companion be was; present at Edmund's death, 1244); wrote a life of bis brother, w hid. seems to be identical with that preserved in Cotton. MS. Faustina B. i. ff. 180-8, in the British Museum, and InFell MS. 1, vol. iv. in the Bodleian Library. It ban bent printed in Wallace's Life of St. Edmund
Rich: '''Rich''' Sin ROBERT, second BARI. or WARWICK ( 1587-1668), eldest son of tlie Unit earl of Warwick and Penelope, Lady Ricb: educated at Emmanuel Col lege, Cambridge; K.B., 1603; member of the Inner Temple. 1604: M.P., Maldon, 1610 and 1614; succeeded bis father in 1619, and occupied himself largely with the colonisation of America and with privateering ventures, which Involved him in controversy with the great merchant companies: during the early part of Charles I's reign gradually became estranged from the court; was associated with the foundation of the colonies of New Plymouth, Massachusetts, and Connecticut; refused to subscribe to the forced loan of 1626 and to pay ship-money, and protected the puritan clergy: arrested and his papers searched on the dissolution of the Short parliament, 1640; active in raising forces for parliament on the outbreak of civil war; gained the fleet, July 1642, and (1643) was appointed lord high admiral; nominated head of a commission for the government of the colonies, 1643; associated in 1644 with the foundation of Rhode Island; generally exerted his authority in behalf of religious freedom; endeavoured unsuccessfully (1648 to regain the fleet, the greater part of which bad revolted to Charles I, but was able to organise a new one; after the abolition of the House of Lords was removed by the independents from the post of lord high admiral; took no part in public affairs during the Commonwealth, bat received support and encouragement from Cromwell. His grandson, Robert Ricb, married the Protector's daughter.
Robert Rich: '''Robert Rich''' (?. [[1679]]), qnaker and nnlversalist ; a rich merchant and shipowner of London; became a quaker, 1654, and (1655) an adherent of James Nayler , whom he loyally assisted during his trial and puni?hment; renowned for his charity, which was distributed to all creeds without distinction.
Sir Robert Rich: '''Sir Robert Rich''' , fourth baronet ([[1685]]-1 [[768]]), fieldmarshal; entered the army, 1700, and served under Marlborough: M.P., Dunwich, 1715-22, BeeraUton, 1724, St. Ivee, 1727-41; consistently supported Sir Robert Walpole; fought at Dettiugen, 1743; general, 1747; field-marshal. 1757.
Sir Robert Rich: '''Sir Robert Rich''' , fifth baronet ([[1714]]-[[1785]]). lieutenantrgeneral; son of Sir Robert Rich, fourth baronet : entered the army, 1735: severely wounded at Culloden, 1746; fought at Minorca, 1756; lieutenantgeneral, 1760; Involved in a dispute with government, 1768, which resulted in bis dismissal from the service.
Rich: '''Rich''' -JONES, WILLIAM HENRY ([[1817]]-[[1886]]). See
Joxks: '''Joxks'''
Richard: '''Richard''' I, called RICHARD CCECR-DK-LIOX ([[1157]]1199), king of England: thirdson of Henry II and Eleanor of Poitou; born at Oxford 8 Pept 1157: betrothed (1160 to Alice, daughter of Louis VII, a source of many future troubles; acknowledged Duke of Aquitaine, 1170; joined his brothers in rebelling against tlK-ir fatlier. Henry II. 1173-4, but was forced to submit, and afterwards occupied himself in reducing the local magnates of Aquitaine: completely established the ducal authority, but on becoming (1183) heir to the English tlirone on tl* death of bis elder brother Henry, was called upon by his father to give up Aquitaine to his brother John; compromised tbe , matter by a nominal surrender to Eleanor in 1186; snsI pecting that his father intended to disinherit him, allied, himself with the French king, Philip Augustus, against his father, 1188; succeeded to the English throne, 1189: immediately began his preparations for the third crusade, having already (1187) taken tbe eras; added to his inherited wealth, which was Insufficient, by tbe sale of
Ii Richard: '''Ii Richard''' 1102
Iii Richard: '''Iii Richard''' crown domains and rights; joined Philip Augusts at Medina, 1190, when he compelled Taucred, the Sicilian king, to pay him forty thousand ounces of gold; arrived at Cyprtw, 1191, and, the pseudo-emperor, Isaac Comneuus, having refused to recompense some pilgrims he had plundered, proceeded to conquer the island anil to a'M ittreasures to his hoard: reached Acre, June 1191, which surrendered on 12 July: advanced on Ascalon, August 1191, iiiiving already returned to France: defeated Saladiu near Arsuf, and towards the end of December 1191 was at Beit-Nuba, onl twelve miles off Jerusalem, but judged it too late in the year to attempt the siege; retired to Ascalon, which he fortified; again reached Beit-Nuba, only again to retire, June 1192, and in July relieved Jaffa and defeated Saladin under its walls; accepted, since troubles in England rendered his return imperative, a three yearstruce, by which the crusaders were allowed to visit Jerusalem; set sail for England in October of the same year: while attempting to travel through Germany in disguise was arrested near Vienna and imprisoned at Durrensteiu; handed over by the Duke of Austria to the Emperor Henry VI, and was compelled to pay a ransom of a hundred and fifty thousand marks, besides doing homage for England; set free, March 1194, hU arrival in England at once frustrating the attempt of his brother John to usurp bis authority; intended to return to the East, but found himself unable to depart owing to the alliance of John and Philip Augustus; left England for the last time. May 1194, landed in Normandy, and, after completely defeating Philip, restored the ducal authority in Aquitaiue; made peace (1196) with Philip, who, fearing attack, had again (1195) invaded Normandy; defeated Philip near Gisors, 1198, war having again broken out; mortally wounded by an arrow while besieging the castle of Chaluz in order to seize a newly found treasure: his body buried at Fontevrault, and his heart at Rouen. He married Berengaria of Navarre
Ii Richard: '''Ii Richard''' ([[1367]]-[[1400]]), of Bordeaux '; king of England; younger son of Edward, Prince of Wales; born at Bordeaux, 6 Jan. 1367; created Prince of Wales, 1376; succeeded Edward III, June 1377, but the actual control of government was at first seized by parliament and afterwards passed to Lancaster; met at Smithfleld the peasant insurgents who, led by Wat Tyler , hud risen in revolt (1381) against the attempt to levy a tax of a shilling a head on every person over fifteen, and after the death of their leader succeeded in pacifying them; granted them charters of freedom, but when the revolt was at an end revoked these concessions; proclaimed a general pardon, December 1381, after the execution of the leaders; married, January 1382, Anne, sister of Weuceslaus, king of Bohemia; on the attainment of bis majority found parliament (1382) reluctant to surrender the strict control which it had exercised over the crown during the minority; appointed Michael de la Pole (1330 ?-1389) chancellor without reference to parliament, 1383; showed signs of a disposition to oppose Lancaster; accepted Lancaster's explanation when the old charges of treason against him were revived, 1384; created his uncles, Edmund and Thomas, dukes of York and Gloucester, in the hope of playing them off against Lancaster; got rid of Lancaster by allowing him to go on his long-delayed expedition to Spain, by which, however, the leadership of the magnates was left to Gloucester, a more dangerous person; provoked the nobles by his determination to rule through the upstart Pole, now earl of Suffolk, as chancellor, and Robert de Vere, created duke of Ireland; compelled by Gloucester (1386) to agree to a commission of eleven magnates, with extensive powers for the reform of the household and realm, but (August 1387) obtained an opinion from the judges that the commission was unlawful; his power overthrown by the magnates, headed by Gloucester, December 1387; his adherents proscribed and executed by the merciless parliament; regained the ascendency (May 1389), dismissed the counsellors imposed on him, and replaced them by others of his own choice: subsequently pursued a policy of conciliation, but lost popularity after Queen Anne death (1394) by his marriage (November 1396) with Isabella, daughter of Charles VI of France; the feeling against him fanned by Gloucester; resolved on coup rfVvor, perhaps fearing a repetition of the proceedings of 1388; got the three leaders, Gloucester, Arundel, and Warwick, into his power, July 1397summoned parliament, September 1897, and had these three lords condemned to death as traitors, the upshot i being that Arundel was beheaded and Gloucester died I in custody at Calais under suspicious circumstances, while Warwick alone obtained pardon; at Shrewsbury had the acts of themercilessparliament annulled i and restitution ordered to the heirs of its victims; was again involved in difficulties by the action of Henry of Lancaster, duke of Hereford, in accusing the Duke of Norfolk of treasonable designs, with reference to which it was arranged that they should settle their quarrel by single combat; forbade the combat on the day appointed for the battle, and sentenced Hereford to ten years banishment and Norfolk to perpetual exile; from this time exercised the royal authority with great arbitrariness, exacting heavy fines and contributions from his subjects; deprived the exiled Hereford of his succession on the death of the Duke of Lancaster in February 1399; went over to Ireland, April 1399, to avenge the death of the Earl of March; heard that in his absence the Duke of Hereford had landed in Yorkshire, and hurried back to Milford to meet him; found himself unable to raise a sufficient force, and after wandering about in North Wales surrendered to Hereford, August 1399; resigned the crown, September 1399, and was imprisoned finally at Pontefract; a rising in his favour set on foot, January 1400; died at Pontefract, probably by a violent death, 14 Feb. 1400. The belief that he had escaped from captivity, and was still alive in Scotland, was widely prevalent even so late as 1417, but has little probability.
Hi Richard: '''Hi Richard''' ([[1452]]-H85), king of England; eleventh child of Richard, third duke of York; born at Fotheringay Castle on 2 Oct. 1452; created Duke of Gloucester, June 1461; accompanied Edward IV in his flight to Holland, September 1470, and (1471) commanded the vanguard at Barnet and Tewkesbury; reported, perhaps truly, to have butchered young Edward, prince of Wales, after Tewkesbury, and murdered Henry VI in the Tower of London a fortnight later; rewarded by Edward IV with large grants of land, including the possessions of the Earl of Oxford; quarrelled with his brother Clarence on his marriage to Anne, the younger daughter of the Earl of Warwick, Clarence, who had married the elder, desiring to retain the whole of Warwick's estates; was not, however, directly responsible for the death of Clarence in 1478, though there was a suspicion that he had helped indirectly to briiig it about; com* uaanded a Scottish expedition (1482) which captured Berwick and advanced as far as Edinburgh; left by Edward IV (died 9 April 1483) in charge of his family and kingdom during the minority of his successor; resolved, in conjunction with Hastings, to overthrow the party of the Woodvilles, the relatives of the queenmother; seized Edward V's maternal uncles, Rivers and Grey, at Stony-Stratford, and took Edward V under his own protection; was recognised by the council as protector on his arrival in London, but in the meantime became an object of apprehension, after the complete overthrow of the WoodviUe party, to Hastings and some of the council, who consequently desired to get Edward V out of his power; had Hastings and several others seized in the council itself (13 June), and Hastings immediately executed, a step which was followed twelve days later by the execution of Rivers and Grey; employed Archbishop Bourchier to persuade the queen-mother, who was in sanctuary at Westminster, to deliver up the Duke of York, and sent the Duke of York to keep his brother company in the Tower of London; was offered the crown in an incomplete parliament, shortly after Dr. Shaw, preaching at St Paul's Cross, London, 22 June, had declared Edward IV and his children illegitimate; began his reign, 26 June 1483; by his usurpation alienated many of the nobility who had supported him as protector; even Buckingham, his chief adherent, becoming disaffected; cabals against him set on foot over all the southern counties, public feeling being further scandalised by the news of the death of the princes in the Tower of London; a rebellion against him headed by Buckingham, who, however, was captured and executed in November 1483; defeated and slain at Bos worth, chiefly through the treachery of the Stanleys, by Henry, earl of Richmond, to whom had descended the Lancastrian claim to the throne, and who bad invaded England in vindication of it; buried at Grey Friars, London. His nickname Crouchback had its rise in a real, though probably slight, bodily deformity.

[edit] Section 1169

Richard: '''Richard''' 11U.5
Richard: '''Richard'''
Earl of Cornwall Richard: '''Earl of Cornwall Richard''' aii.l Kiv. (laoa 1272), second sou of Kim; Jlm; chosen leader of au exjieditiou tilted out in 1: to win back tbe Aqnitanian heritage of the English kings; succeeded in recovering Gascony before the close of tbe year, and ( I-JL'7 1 h.ivini.-..ii.-lu.lfd n truce with Louis IX returned to England; brought Into connection with tbe growing baronial opposition by a violent quarn-l with Henry III, concerning the possession of a manor, tin- on being strengthened by bis marriage (1231 with Isabella, daughter of William Marshal, first earl of Pembroke; took tbe cross, 1286, but hi* departure delayed by domestic troubles; beaded thr opposition to the foreigners brought over to England by Hi-nry 1 1 Ts marriage, and for a short time was a popular hero, but in 1239 be became reconciled to Henry III: left England for Palestine, June 1840, and in October 1240 landed at Acre; after fortifying Ascalon and concluding a treaty with the sultan of Krak, returned to England, 1149; after the death of Isabella in 1240 married Banchia, daughter of tbe Count of Provence and sister of tbe queens of England and France, 1843; bound closely to the court by this second marriage, and henceforth was the political ally of his brother; by bis change of policy left room for the rise of Simon de Montfort; was appointed joint-regent of England with Queen Eleanor during Henry Ill's absence in Gascony, 1253, and, May 1254, eeaine sole regent; assisted Henry III in bis financial difficulties, and posed as a neutral in the quarrels between the barons and tbe foreign favourites; received tbe offer of the German crown, and early in 1257 was elected king of the Romans by four of tbe seven elector*, though in April the remaining three chose Alfonso X of Castile; wiu-i crowned at Aachen, May 1257, and succeeded in establishing bis authority generally in tbe Khin.countries: was not acknowledged by tbe rest of t;-rinany, and when his money came to an end was generally deserted; returned to England to raise fresh supplies, 1259; again crossed to Germany, 1260, but, October 1260, was back in England, and never again succeeded in establishing himself permanently in Germany; espoused bis brother's side in the baroiwwar, and was taken prisoner at the battle of Lewes, 1264, but after tbe battle of Evesham, 1206, was unconditionally released; despite his bard treatment counselled moderation, and (1268) paid his last visit to Germany: his eldest son, Henry, was murdered by the younger De Montfort; attacked (1271) by paralysis, of which be eventually died,
Earl of Cambridge Richard: '''Earl of Cambridge Richard''' (*. [[1415]]), second sou of Edmund de Laugley, first duke of York; created Earl of Cambridge, 1414; married Anne, daughter of Iloger (VI) de Mortimer and through this connection was led to become centre of a plot to place his wife's brother, Edmund, earl of March, on the throne, a scheme which was revealed by Mortimer, who had not been a conspirator, to Henry V, when that king was starting for France in July 1415; attainted and executed; the attainder was reversed in 1461.
Richard: '''Richard''' third DUKE ov YORK ([[1411]]-[[1460]]), only son of Richard, earl of Cambridge: was paternal grandson of Edmund, fifth son of Edward III, and maternal great- great-grandson of Lionel, Edward Ill's third son; succeeded his uncle, Edward Plantagenet ,as third duke of York, 1415, and (1425) inherited the possessions of his uncle, Edmund (IV) de Mortimer, fifth earl of March; after serving for a year in France, 1436-7, married (1438) Cicely, daughter of Kalph Neville, first earl of Westmorland: a second time (1440) appointed Henry VI's lieutenant in France, where he remained till the close of 1445; appointed tbe king's lieutenant in Ireland, a convenient place of banishment, 1447; being discontented with the government, landed at lieaumaris, August 1450, and, in spite of armed attempts to binder bim, forced his way into Henry VI's presence at the head of four thousand men, and was promised by Henry VI a place in the new council to be app for tbe next two year? was involved in a contest with Somerset, which terminated in March 1452 in an ineffectual attempt to have him removed from the king's oonnscls; after a year's retirement was recalled to the king's council during Henry's first flt of imbecility, October 1463, Somerset being ent to the Tower of London; in spite of the claim- of Henry VI's queen wan elected protector by the lords, March H!4; his protectorate revoked in consequence of the king's recovery, February 1455, din March. An immediate reverml of policy following, be wan with his friend* driven from tuok up arms in company with Salisbury an Warwick, and on 12 May UM defeated the royal force,, February 1456, but opposed by Queen Margaret and the young Dak* of Somerset, in consequence of which the old feode revived late In 1458; compelled to nek refuge in Watoa, October 1459, and (November 1419) was attainted; crowd to Ireland at tbe end of 1469; returned to England on Warwick and Salisbury's victory at Northampton, 1460; went to Westminster and openly claimed the crown, September 1460; obtained promise of uoccarion to the crown, October 1460, and made protector. November 1460; besieged in Wakefleki Castle, December 146O. having gone north to quell tbe ruing instigated there by Queen Margaret; attacked tbe enemy and fell fighting, 80 Dec. His bead wae placed on tbe wall* of York.
Duke Ok York Richard: '''Duke Ok York Richard''' ([[1472]]-[[1483]]), second ton of Edward IV; created Duke of York, 1474; married to Anne, daughter of John Mowbray, fourth duke of Norfolk, 1478; given up, by tbe persuasion of Cardinal Ikmrebier, by his mother, who, on tbe overthrow of tbe Woodville party In 1483, had sought sanctuary with bim at Westminster, and placed with bin brother in tbe Tower of London; murdered there with his brother by Richard Ill's orders two mouths after his brother's deposition in June.
Fitzscrob Richard: '''Fitzscrob Richard''' (ft. [[1052]]-[[1060]]X Norman baron; settled in Herefordshire in tbe time of Edward tbe Confessor: was not expelled by Godwin in 1062, but died before the time of Domesday. He is said to have erected Richard's Castle in Herefordshire, the first regular castle in England.
De Capblla Richard: '''De Capblla Richard''' (d. [[1127]]), bishop of Hereford : 'custos sigilli regisin 1119; consecrated bishop, 1121.
De Bklmkis Richard: '''De Bklmkis Richard''' (d. [[1128]]).
Richard: '''Richard''' (d. [[1139]]), first abbot of Fountains; established the new community of Fountains in 1182 on the Cistercian model, and was chosen abbot.
Richard: '''Richard''' called FASTOLK (d. [[1143]]), second abbot of Fountains; an original member of tbe convent; succeeded the first abbot Richard (d. 1139)
Ok Hkxham Richard: '''Ok Hkxham Richard''' (fl. [[1138]]-[[1154]]), chronicler and prior of Hexham; elected prior, 1141; wrote an I account of the early history of Hexham, known as the Brevis Annotatio and printed in Maine'sPriory of Hexham (Surtees Soc.); also complied De gestis regis Stephani et de bello Standardh (1135-9X. preserved in C.C.C. Cambr. MS. ( 193, f. 3), and translated by Stevenson in Church Historians
Dk Bklmkis Richard: '''Dk Bklmkis Richard''' (d. [[1162]]).
Richard: '''Richard''' (d. [[1170]]), sixth abbot of Fountains; a native of York: appointed abbot by St Bernard; raised his convent to a high pitch of excellence by his strict discipline.
Ok St Richard: '''Ok St Richard''' . VICTOR (d. [[1173]] 7 theologian: a native of Scotland; became a canon in the abbey of St. Victor, Paris. His writings resemble those of his master, Hugh of St. Victor, in their abuse of allegory and verbal antithesis. His philosophy is characterised by mysticism. A large number of his works are printed in Migne's 'Patrologia* (vol. cxcvi.); others ascribed to him remain in manuscript
Sthoxuhow Richard: '''Sthoxuhow Richard''' , second EARL OF PKMBBOKK
Strioul And: '''Strioul And''' (d. [[1176]]).
Richard: '''Richard''' (d. [[1177]] ?), bishop of St. Andrews : elected to tbe bishopric, 1163; consecrated, 1165; succeeded in preventing the sacrifice of the independence of the Scottish church at the treaty of Falaise in 1174, and afterwards resisted the pret II-UIIK of the see of York at Northampton in 1170. The uulejveiMience of the Scottish church was assured hy Clement III in 1188.
Richard: '''Richard''' 1104
Richards: '''Richards'''
Richard: '''Richard''' (. [[1180]]- [[1183]]), called the ' Premonstraten*ian abbot of an unknown English proemonstratensian hoitte; wrote aLife of St. Ursula still extant, and possibly some other extant theological treatihes.
Richard: '''Richard''' (d. [[1184]]), archbishop of Canterbury ; was :,H.inU*l prior of St Martin's, Dover, 1157; elected rlibi*lKp by the English bishops, 1173, in spite of the wiMh of tlie monks of the chapter, who desired Odo i, 18UO): consecrated, 1174, in spite of the opposition of the younger Henry (Henry II's son) at Anagni, by Alexander III: diligent in promoting the material prosperity of his see, but failed to satisfy the requirements of the extreme clerical party.
Ok Ilchestkr Richard: '''Ok Ilchestkr Richard''' (rf. [[1188]]), bishop of Winchester; archdeacon of Poitiers (1162-73) and a baron of the exchequer: elected bishop of Winchester, 1173, i-ontinuing to fulfil hi? judicial functions, and frequently K-rring Henry II in a diplomatic capacity,
of Devizes Richard: '''of Devizes Richard''' (ft. [[1189]]-[[1192]]), chronicler; n monk of St. Swithun's, Winchester; wrote a chronicle of the deeds of Richard I from his accession to October 1192, which was edited by Hewlett for the Rolls Series in 1886. To him is also generally ascribedAnnales de Yintouia printed in Luard's Annales Monastic!
of Ely Richard: '''of Ely Richard''' (d. [[1194]] ?), historian ; a monk of Ely; wrote an account of Ely, not extant, but quoted by Thomas of Ely.

[edit] Section 1170

Op Ely Richard: '''Op Ely Richard''' (d. [[1198]]). See FITZXEALE,
Richard: '''Richard'''
Anolicus Richard: '''Anolicus Richard''' (. [[1196]]-[[1226]]), lawyer; an Englishman by birth; taught at Bologna, where in 1226 lie was archdeacon and rector of the law school; author of the famous Ordo Judiciarius
De Templo Richard: '''De Templo Richard''' (Jt. [[1190]]-[[1229]]), reputed author of theItinerarium Regis Ricardi may be identical with a chaplain of the templars and a dependant of the Earl of Leicester of that name. The Itinerarium which is the chief authority for the third crusade, is, however, probably a free translation from a long French poem, by Ambrose, a priest-clerk, who accompanied Richard I on the third crusade. In this case Richard de. Templo was only the translator, though he appears to have made independent additions.
Op Wkthershed Richard: '''Op Wkthershed Richard''' (d. [[1231]]). See GRANT,
Richard: '''Richard'''
Op Cornwall Richard: '''Op Cornwall Richard''' . (. [[1237]]), prebendary of Lincoln; most be distinguished from the Franciscan Richard of Cornwall (. 1238-1259)
De Richard: '''De Richard''' Moiuxs (d. [[1243]]).
Op Wkndover Richard: '''Op Wkndover Richard''' (rf. [[1252]]), physician; physician to Gregory IX, and afterwards canon of St PaulV, Ixmdon; most probably identical with the famous physician, Richard Anglicus, or the Englishman, the author ofPractica sive Medicaments Ricardi A number of Ml treatise* are preserved in manuscript, chiefly in the libraries of Oxford and Cambridge.
Anglicub Richard: '''Anglicub Richard''' (d. [[1252]]). See RICHARD OF
Dover Wen: '''Dover Wen''' .
Dewyche Richard: '''Dewyche Richard''' ([[1197]]7-[[1253]]), bishop of Chirhester; studied at Oxford, where he became M.A. and chancellor; made by Edmund Rich chancellor of Canterbury; elected bishop of Chichester in spite of the opposition of Henry III, 1244; rigidly maintained ecclesiastical discipline, and made various regulations for the improvement of the ritual of his church; was canonised in 1262.
Op Cornwall Richard: '''Op Cornwall Richard''' (ft. [[1238]]-[[1259]]), called also Richard Rufus, Rnys, Rotwo, or Rowse; B.D. Oxford; a Franciscan teacher; lectured at Paris and Oxford. His commentary on Bonavcnture's third book of sentences is preserved in manuscript at Assist
De Gravxbend Richard: '''De Gravxbend Richard''' (d. [[1279]]). See GRAVES
De Swinfdcld Richard: '''De Swinfdcld Richard''' (d. [[1317]]). See Swixnxu.
De Abyxdon Richard: '''De Abyxdon Richard''' , ABENDON, or ABIXGDO (-. 1327 ?), judge; appointed chamberlain of North Wales, 1284; prebendary of Dublin, 1285; appointed a baron of the exchequer, 1299; prebendary of Lichfield, 1304.
Op Richard: '''Op Richard''' .WALLIXGFOKD ([[1292]] ?-[[1336]]), abbot of St. Albans; according to Leland, fellow of Merton College, Oxford; B.D. Oxford; elected abbot, 1327; his rule hampered by his leprosy; appointed a coadjutor, 1333: renowned for sanctity, and the most skilful man of his time in the liberal sciences and mechanical arts. Several of his treatises are extant in manuscript.
De Buuy Richard: '''De Buuy Richard''' ([[1281]]-[[1345]]).
Wetherbkt Richard: '''Wetherbkt Richard''' (fl. [[1350]]).
Richard: '''Richard''' (d. [[1360]]).
Op Maidstone Richard: '''Op Maidstone Richard''' (d. [[1396]]). See MAID-
Stone: '''Stone'''
Op Cirencester Richard: '''Op Cirencester Richard''' (d. [[1401]] ?). See CIREX
Ckstkh: '''Ckstkh'''
Edward Richard: '''Edward Richard''' ([[1714]]-[[1777]]), Welsh poet; founded a free grammar school at his native village, Ystrad Meurie, which became one of the most famous in Wales, towards the close of the eighteenth century: author of some of the best specimens of pastoral poetry in the Welsh language. A collection of his writings appeared in 1811.

[edit] Section 1171

Henry Richard: '''Henry Richard''' ([[1812]]-[[1888]]), politician ; a native of Wales; congregational pastor in the Old Kent Road, London; 1835-50, when he relinquished the ministry: often called the apostle of peace from his making the advocacy of arbitration as a method for settling international disputes, the chief work of his life; became secretary of the Peace Society, 1848, and took part in a series of international peace congresses, which continued until the outbreak of the Crimean war; liberal M.P. for the Merthyr boroughs, 1868-88; carried a motion in the House of Commons in favour of international arbitration, 1873, and presided at some of the sittings of the peace congress at Paris. 1878; became a member of the royal commission on education. 1886; author of various pamphlets.
Alfred Bate Richards: '''Alfred Bate Richards''' ([[1820]]-[[1876]]). dramatist, journalist, and a chief promoter of the volunteer movement of 1859; B.A. Exeter College, Oxford, 1841; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1845; published poems and tragedies, the first being Croesus, King of Lydia 1845; first editor of the 4 Daily Telegraph 1855; on the commencement of the volunteer movement raised (1859) the 3nl City of London rifle corps, of which he remained colonel till 1869.
David Richards: '''David Richards''' ([[1751]]-[[1827]]), Welsh poet ; best known asDafydd louawr for some years a school teacher; abandoned teaching in order to devote himself to writing religious poetry, 1792: took charge of the free school at Dolgelly, 1800-7, but devoted his closing years entirely to writine: Welsh religious verse. A collected edition of his poems appeared in 1851.
Evan Richards: '''Evan Richards''' ([[1770]]-[[1832]]).
George Richards: '''George Richards''' ([[1767]]-[[1837]]), poet and divine ; of Trinity College, Oxford; fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, 1790-6; M.A., 1791; D.D., 1820; vicar of St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, London, 1824-37; published verse.
Henry Brinley Richards: '''Henry Brinley Richards''' ([[1819]]-[[1886]]), pianist and composer; gained a high position as a pianist in London, and wrote a large number of piano pieces, partsongs, songs, and choruses, including God bless the Prince of Wales(1862), the Wel*h national anthem.
Jacob Richards: '''Jacob Richards''' ([[1660]]?-[[1701]]), colonel and military engineer; studied the art of sieges in Hungary and the Morea, 1685-6; accompanied Kirke's expedition to Ireland, 1689; appointed chief engineer in Ireland, 1690; served under William III, Marlborough, and Ginki-11: transferred to Flanders, 1692; appointed third engineer of the kingdom, 1698. His diaries are preserved in the Stowe MSS. at the British Museum.
Richards: '''Richards''' 1105
Richardson: '''Richardson'''
Richards: '''Richards''' .IA.Mi: HiUNSLKY ([[1846]]-[[1892]]), journalist; siH:nt several year- in Fr.iu- as sea l)roii} n ill- Limy* and tin- Dm: iJccozes: became Time correspondent at Vieuua, 1885, uud was tran-:Berlin, 18-J2.
John Richards: '''John Richards''' ([[1669]]-[[1709]]X major-general ; brother of.lacoh Richard*; served with tinVenetians against the Turks, in the Polish army, and In the Portuguese service.luring the w.ir of tlie Spanish succession; governor of AUcatit, 1707-9; killed by an explosion during the siege of Alicant.
John Ixh Richards: '''John Ixh Richards''' '.O (d. [[1810]]), I painter and scene-painter; first exhibited with the 'Society of Artists, 1763: became (1768) one of th. foundation members of the Royal Academy, where he exhibited landscapes and figure-subject* for forty years; became principal scene-painter of Oovent Garden, 1777; secretary to the Royal Academy, 1788.
Michael Richards: '''Michael Richards''' ([[1673]]-[[1721]]), brigadier-general; master-surveyor or surveyor-general of the ordnance; brother of Jacob Richards; served in Ireland (1691) and Flanders (1693-6), and under Marlborough (1704-6); was appointed Uul way's chief engineer in Spain, 1707, and served in many of the great engagements of the war of the Spanish succession; promoted brigadiergeneral, 1711; appointed chief-engineer of Great Britain, 1711.
Nathaniel Richards: '''Nathaniel Richards''' (rf. [[1652]]X dramatist; LL.B. Gains College, Cambridge, 1634; for some time master of St. Alban's school, London; publishedThe Celeatiall Pvblican 1630, and The Tragedy of MessalUna 1640.
Sir Richard Richards: '''Sir Richard Richards''' ([[1752]]-[[1823]]), judge : of Jesus College, Oxford; B.A. Wadham College, Oxford, 1774; fellow of Queen's College, Oxford, 1776 (M.A., 1777); barrister, Inner Temple, 1780; appointed baron of the exchequer, 1814; knighted, 1814; appointed lord chiefbaron, 1817.
Thomas Richards: '''Thomas Richards''' (d. [[1564]] ?), translator ; B.D. Oxford, 1515, Cambridge, 1517; elected prior of Totnes, 1528; is said to have translated theCousolatio Philosophic of Boethius.
Thomas Richards: '''Thomas Richards''' ([[1710]]7-[[1790]]), Welsh lexicographer; compiledAntiqnne Linguje Hritanuicoe Thesaurus 1753, a Welsh-English dictionary (4th edit. 1838).
William Richards: '''William Richards''' ([[1643]]-[[1705]]), author; M.A. Trinity College, Oxford, 1666: fellow, 1666-75: rector of Helmdon, 1675-89; published Wallograpby (1682), a small satirical work on Wales, and The English Orator 1680.
William Richards: '''William Richards''' ([[1749]]-[[1818]]), historian of King's Lynn; baptist pastor at Lynn, 1778-1818; published The History of -Lynn 1812, and other work-.
William Upton Richards: '''William Upton Richards''' ([[1811]]-[[1873]]), divine; M.A. Exeter College, Oxford, 1839; vicar of All Saints Marylebonc, 1849-73; published religious treatise*. ID collection of drawings by Engli-h artists, now at South Kensington Museum, and published several an-)
Richardson: '''Richardson''' rilAULOTTB CAROLINE ([[177]]ft i*.i" -i. j, - bora "f pent pmBta niiin.ii Bnftfe: taty riwl, in 1*01, a ftboemaker nurut-i Kirlrdm, who died in 1804, leaving hU; publiabed (loe -.r:j,t!.M, a volume of verse, which was followed by other
Richardson: '''Richardson''' Sm BENJAMIN WARD ([[1828]]-[[1896]]), physician: studied at Glasgow, and was licentiate of Faculty of Physicians and Surgeon*, 1H50, M.A. and M.I). St. Andrews, 1854, and hon. LL.D., 1877; M.R.C.S. London, 1K56; F.R.C.S., 1866; F.R.S., 1867; physician to Royal Infirmary for Diseases of Chest, City Koud, 1856, and to London Temperance Hospital, 1892; president of Medical Society of London, 1868; F.S.A., 1877; knighted, 1893; published scientific and miscellaneous writings; originated.and editedJournal of Public Health and Sanitary Review (1855).
Caroline Richardson: '''Caroline Richardson''' ([[1777]]-[[1863]]), poetess: wife of George Richardson; published a volume of 'Poems in 1829, a novel, and several tales and essays.
Charles Richardson: '''Charles Richardson''' ([[1775]]-[[1865]]X lexicographer: kept a well-known school on Claphnm Common till 1827; chief work, a New English Dictionary 1835-7.
Charles James Richardson: '''Charles James Richardson''' ( [[1806]]-[[1871]] X architect: master of the architectural class in the school of design at Somerset House, 1845-52; formed a valuable

[edit] Section 1172

Christopher Bichardbon: '''Christopher Bichardbon''' ([[161]]-16M nonconformist divine: M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge; obtained rectory of Kirkh.aton. 1644; ejected, IMS; removed, in 1687, to Liverpool, where be became the founder of nonconformity.
David Lester Richardson: '''David Lester Richardson''' ([[1801]]-[[1961]]), poet and miscellaneous writer; became a major in the Bengal service; edited several newspapers at Calcutta, and published prose and verse.
Edward Richardson: '''Edward Richardson''' ([[1812]]-[[1869]]). rculptor ; betfan to exhibit at the Royal Academy, 1836; refuted admission to the Society of Antiquaries for his restoration of the effigies of the knights templar* in the Temple Church in 1842; restored other ancient monuments and statues.
Frances Mary Richardson: '''Frances Mary Richardson''' ([[1786]]-[[1861]]). See
Cubrkb: '''Cubrkb'''
Gabriel Richardson: '''Gabriel Richardson''' (J. [[1641]]), author : M.A. Braseno*e College, Oxford, 1608; B.D., 1619; fellow of Braseuose College, Oxford, 1607-36; rector of Heythrop, 1635-42; published a treatise Of the State of Europe 1627.
George Richardson: '''George Richardson''' [[1736]]?-[[1817]] ?), architect; was in full professional practice in London towards the end of the eighteenth century; in his old age fell into poverty and was relieved by Nollekens; published works on decorative art and architecture.
George Richardson: '''George Richardson''' ( [[1778]]-[[1862]]), quaker: began preaching at twenty, and for forty years visited all parts of the British isles on religious tours; published tracts and pamphlets.
George Fleming Richardson: '''George Fleming Richardson''' ([[1796]]7-[[1848]]X geologist: employed at the British Museum (1838-48) for ten years; F.G.S., 1839; published useful geological handbooks, besides essays in general literature; committed suicide.
James Richardson: '''James Richardson''' ( [[1806]]-1 [[851]] X African traveller; attached himself to the English Anti-Slavery Society, and (1845) penetrated through Algiers and Tripoli to Ghadames and Ghat; proceeded by the same route in search of Lake Tchad, 1850; died of fever at Ungouratona within fifteen days of the lake. He wrote three large books of travels, two of which were published posthumously, besides several pamphlets.
John Richardson: '''John Richardson''' (d. [[1615]]), biblical scholar; B.A. Clare Hall, Cambridge, 1681: fellow of Emmanuel College, Cambridge; M.A., 1586; D.D., 1597: appointed regius professor of divinity at Cambridge, 1607: muter of Pcterhouse, Cambridge, 1609-15; translated the portion from the Chronicles to Ecclealastes inclusive in the uuthorisvd version of the bible; master of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1615-25.
John Richardson: '''John Richardson''' ([[1580]]-[[1654]]), nil-hop of Ardagh; M.A. Trinity College, Dublin; fellow, 1600; consecrated bishop, 1M3: fled to England on the outbreak of the rebellion in 1G41: his commentary on the Old Testament published posthumously, 1665.
John Richardson: '''John Richardson''' ([[1647]]-[[1725]]?), noujurpr : fellow of Emmanuel Colle?e, Cambridge, 1674-86; ejected (1690) from the rectory of North Luffeuham, to which he had been appointed, 1685; published an able Vindication of the Canon of the New Testament against Toland 1700. txMU. Ml
John Richardson: '''John Richardson''' ([[1664]]-[[1747]]). Irish divine; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1688; appointed rector of Aunagh, 1693; author of theological works in English ami IrUh. xMU. *1
John Richardson: '''John Richardson''' ([[1667]]-[[1763]]X quaker: travelled through England preaching, as well as in Ireland and America; his journal published, 1757. 4B
Richardson: '''Richardson''' llOfi
Richardson: '''Richardson'''
Richardson: '''Richardson''' .lolIX ( fl. [[1777]]-[[1798]]), writer on brewing: pnbli."hi-lThe Principles of Brewing, 1 ITiW, I, im- th- tirt writer to treat the subject scientifically. Lxlviii.X";
John Richardson: '''John Richardson''' ([[174]]l-[[181]]l ?), orientalist: M.A. bv diploma. WadhJini College, Oxford, 1780; member of the Middle Temple, 1781; published. In-ides other works, *Dictionary of Persian, Arabic, and English(1777), which, however, was little else than an abridgment of Meninski'sOriental Thesaurus It was finally reconstructed by Dr. Steingass, after several revisions, in 1892., xlviii. 229J
John Richardson: '''John Richardson''' ([[1767]] ?-[[1837]]), itinerant showman: began life in the workhouse at Great Marlow, and made his first experiment as a showman at Bartholomew Fair in 1796. Many actors, who afterwards rose to distinction, appeared in his show, including Edmund Kean. His favourite haunts were Bartholomew Fair and Greenwich,
Richardson: '''Richardson''' Siu.TOHN([[1771]]-[[1841]]),judge; of Harrow and University College, Oxford: M.A., 1795; barrister,; Lincoln's Inn, mw; puisne judge of the court of common i pleas, 1818-S4; knighted, 1819; compelled by ill-health to pass his later life at Malta.
John Richardson: '''John Richardson''' (,[[1797]]-[[1863]]), journalist; born in Ontario; served in the British legion in Spain; became Timescorrespondent in Canada, 1858; afterwards removed to the United States, and continued to write for the press till his death.
John Richardson: '''John Richardson''' ([[1780]]-[[1864]]), solicitor; friend of Cockburn, Jeffrey, Thomas Campbell, and Sir Walter Scott: practised in Westminster as a parliamentary solicitor.
Richardson: '''Richardson''' Sm JOHN ([[1787]]-[[1865]]), Arctic explorer and naturalist: studied medicine, and (1807) was gazetted assistant-surgeon in the royal navy; M.D. Edinburgh, 1816; appointed surgeon and naturalist to Franklin's polar expedition, 1819, which, after passing the winter on the Saskatchewan, succeeded in reaching Fort Providence in 1821: F.R.S., 1825: accompanied Franklin in his second expedition to the mouth of the Mackenzie, 1825: separated from Franklin, 1826, and explored the coast to the Coppermine River and the Great Slave Lake; appointed physician to the Royal Hospital at Haslar, 1838; became inspector of hospitals, 1840; knighted, 1846; conducted a search expedition for Franklin, 1847; returned, 1849: C.B., 1850; published hisJournal 1851; LL.I). Dublin, 1857; published works on ichthyology and polar exploration.
John Richardson: '''John Richardson''' ([[1817]]-[[1886]]). Cumberland poet; originally a mason; became a schoolmaster, and wrote voluminously in the Cumberland vernacular; had a great local reputation.

[edit] Section 1173

Richardson: '''Richardson''' Sm JOHN LARKINS CHEESE (1810-1878), speaker of the legislative council of New Zealand; entered the Bengal artillery, 1828; major, 1854; settled in Otago, New Zealand, 1856; became postmastergeneral in the Weld ministry, 1864: elected speaker of the legislative council, 1868; knighted, 1874; died at Dunediu.
Jonathan Richardson: '''Jonathan Richardson''' , the elder ([[1665]]-[[1745]]), portrait-painter and author; succeeded Kneller and Dahl in the patronage of the public as a portrait-painter; executed portraits of Pope, Prior, Steeie, and many others, and also obtained some distinction by his treatises on painting; hisTheory of Painting (1715) for many years a standard work; published also poems and literary criticisms.
Jonathan Richardson: '''Jonathan Richardson''' , the younger ([[1694]]1771), portrait-painter; only son of Jonathan Richardson the elder; followed his father's profession, but is best known for his association with his father's literary productions.
Joseph Richardson: '''Joseph Richardson''' ([[1755]]-[[1803]]), author; of St. John's College, Cambridge; barrister, Middle Temple; devoted himself to journalism, becoming one of the proprietors of the whig journal, the Morning Post; M.P., Newport, Cornwall, 1796-1803; author of poems, dramatic pieces, and satires.
Joseph Richardson: '''Joseph Richardson''' ([[1814]]-[[1862]]), flautist; became professor of the flute at the Royal Academy of Music, 1837; became principal flautist in yueeu Victoria's band.
Moses Aaron Richardson: '''Moses Aaron Richardson''' ([[1793]]-[[1871]]), nnti. quary; brother of Thomas Miles Richardson: published a number of works on tl.e antiquities of the northern English counties; subsequently emigrated to Melbourne (I860), where he died.
Richard Richardson: '''Richard Richardson''' ([[1663]]-[[1741]]), botanist aiul antiquary; of University College, Oxford; student at dray's Inn, 1681: practised as a physician at North Hierley; engaged in botanical researches, and formed a valuable library of botanical and historical works, which n,-isel to his descendant, Frances Mary Richardson Currer
Robert Richardson: '''Robert Richardson''' (. [[1530]]-[[1543]]), divine ; a canon of Cambuskenneth: converted to protestantism, and employed by Henry VIII in 1543 to preach in Scotland,
Robert Richardson: '''Robert Richardson''' (rf. [[1578]]), lord high treasurer of Scotland: M.A. St. Andrews, 153:5; was appointed prior of St. Mary's, Isle of Trail, 1559, and lord high treasurer, 1661; adhered to the party of the lords after the fall of Mary Queen of Scots and (1571) vacated the office of treasurer.
Robert Richardson: '''Robert Richardson''' ([[1732]]-[[1781]]), divine ; only son of William Richardson (1698-1775); prebendary of Lincoln Cathedral and chaplain in ordinary to the king.
Robert Richardson: '''Robert Richardson''' ([[1779]]-[[1847]]), physician and traveller: studied at Glasgow and Edinburgh universities; M.D. Edinburgh, 1807; travelling physician to Charles John Gardiner, second viscount Mount joy; joined Somerset Lowry Corry, second earl of Belmore, and a party in a tour through Europe, Egypt, and Palestine, 1816; claims to have been the first Christian traveller admitted to Solomon's mosque; publishedTravels 1822.
Samuel Richardson: '''Samuel Richardson''' (. [[1643]]-[[1658]]), controversialist; probably a soldier and army preacher in the early part of the civil wars; published a number of treatises on political and religious subjects characterised by boldness of thought.
Samuel Richardson: '''Samuel Richardson''' ([[1689]]-[[1761]]), novelist: born in Derbyshire; was apprenticed to a stationer, and started in business as a printer, first in Fleet Street, London, and then in Salisbury Court, London, where he lived for the rest of his life; published his first novel, Pamela 1740, which was soon translated into French and Dutch; still raore successful withClarissa Harlowe* (1740), which won him a European fame; his Sir Charles Grandison(1753), though it never held so high a position asClarissa received with equal enthusiasm. His novels represented the didacticism of his time, and owe their power mainly to their earnestness, minute realism, and sentimentalism. Among their admirers were Diderot, Rousseau, and, later, Macaulay.
Samuel Richardson: '''Samuel Richardson''' (d. [[1805]]), stenographer ; a particular baptist pastor in Chester; author of A New System of Shorthand (1800), which, necessitating the use of specially ruled paper, never had much vogue.
Sir Thomas Richardson: '''Sir Thomas Richardson''' ([[1569]]-[[1635]]), judge; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1595; Lent reader, 1614; serjeant-at-law, 1614; speaker of the House of Commons in 1621 (M.P., St. Albans); knighted, 1621; became chiefjustice of common pleas, 1626; refused (1628) to allow Felton to be racked to induce confession, a step which marks an epoch in the history of criminal jurisprudence; became chief-justice of the king's bench, 1631, and came into conflict with Laud for suppressing wakes or Sunday revels.
Thomas Richardson: '''Thomas Richardson''' ([[1771]]-[[1853]]), quaker and financier; one of the original partners of the firm Overend, Gurney & Co., and a great benefactor to the Society of Friends,
Thomas Richardson: '''Thomas Richardson''' ([[1816]]-[[1867]]), industrial chemist; invented (1840) a process for purifying hard lead, and (1844; began the manufacture of superphosphates at Blaydon; lecturer on chemistry, Durham University, and M.A., 1856; F.R.S., 1866; published chemical treatises
Richardson: '''Richardson''' 1107
Ricraft: '''Ricraft'''
Thomas Miles Richardson: '''Thomas Miles Richardson''' ([[1784]]-[[1848]]), hadsoape-painter; begun to r..ntnljtit.; to tbc Royal Academy, 1818; member of the New Water-colour Society.
Vaughan Richardson: '''Vaughan Richardson''' ( [[1670]] ?-17*9), organist and composer; oraniet of Winchester Cathedral, 16931 7J; composed services, tsoug*, aud anthem*. xlviii. 8601
William Richardson: '''William Richardson''' ([[1698]]-[[1775]]), antiquary : nephew of John Hii-hardson (1847-1 7S6V); M.A. Knimanii. !.-iil.ridge, 1723: D.D., 1785: pre iN-ndnry of l.iii.-.,ln raiU-draU 1724-60; F.S.A., 1734; mast-rof Kmmamu-1 Culli-,f, Cambridge, 1736-75: Yice-h;ii!cellor of Camt.n.l, Cnivenity. 1737 and 1769; OIKS if C.-oix- II and (it-oru'c Ill's chaplains, 1746-.-m..r. I.IM.-.,II Cathedral, 1700-75; edited (iodwin's De a!il.n Anu'liuj Comaieutarii 1743.
William Richardson: '''William Richardson''' ([[1743]]-[[1814]]), professor of Immunity at Glasgow University; M.A. Glasgow: appointed professor, 1772; published miscellaneous uork-. i in-hiding rosaya on Shakespeare's characters andPoeuu -nid 1'lays 1805.
William Richardson: '''William Richardson''' ([[1740]]-[[1820]]), writer on -n.ln-y and agriculture; M.A. Trinity College, Dublin; jtellow, 17CG: D.D., 1778; afterwards rectorof Moy; published pamphlets on geological and agricultural subjects.
Alexander George Rickey: '''Alexander George Rickey''' ([[1830]]-[[1883]]), Irish hUtoriiiu: B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1853; LL.D., 187:1; called to the Irish bar, 1855: Q.O., 1871; deputy rcifius professor of feudal ami English law at Trinity 4llcge, Dublin; author of Lectures on the History of Ireland (18(59-70) and other works.

[edit] Section 1174

Dukes of Richmond: '''Dukes of Richmond''' . See FITZROY, 8m HKNRY, first DL-KK, 1519-1536: STUART, LUDOVICK, first DUKK of the second creation, 1574-1624; STUAKT, Sm JAMES, first DUKK of the third creation, 1612-1655: STUART, SIR CHARLKS, third DUKK, 1640-1672: LKNXOJC. BmC&ULUB, first DUKK of the fourth creation, 1672-17:23; LKNXOX, Sm CHARUCS, second DUKK, 1701-1750; LENNOX, C'HAUI.KS, third DUKK, 1735-1806; LKNNOX, CHARLKH, fourth DUKK, 1764-1819; LENNOX, SIR CHARLES GORDON-, flfth DUKK, 1791-1860.
Duchesskr of Richmond: '''Duchesskr of Richmond''' . See FITZROY, MARY, d. 1557; STUART, FRANCES TKRESA, 1648-1702.
Earls Richmond: '''Earls Richmond''' op. See PKTER OP SAVOY, d. 1268; TUDOR, EDMUND, 1430 ?-1456.
Countess Op Richmond: '''Countess Op Richmond''' ([[1443]]-[[1509]]). See BEAU-
Mar Port: '''Mar Port''' fJARET.
Alexander Bailey Richmond: '''Alexander Bailey Richmond''' (.T. [[1809]]-[[1834]]), reputed government spy; by trade a weaver; when at Pollorkshiiws led tin agitation for an increase of wages, 1812; entered into relations with government after being outlawed for his share in the strike, ami in 1817 betrayed the Glasgow reform committee, the members of which were arrested: invariably denied his actual guilt, but in a libel notion in 1H34 against Tait's Edinburgh Magazine brought by him in consequence of his being termed a contemptible informer, was nonsuited.
George Richmond: '''George Richmond''' ([[1809]]-[[1896]]), portrait-painter ; pon of Thomas Richmond: was inspired in early life by William Blake; began toexhibit at the Royal Academy, c. 1825: turned his attention to portrait-painting, 1831; achieved a world-wide fame by his portrait in water-colour of William Wilberforce: paid a two years visit to Italy, 1837, resuming his labours in 1839, and contimiiuir them for over forty years; began to paint in oil after 1846; gnve up regular work, 1881, but still painted occasionally and occupied himself with sculpture. Among his sitters were Earl Urauville, Keble, Hallam. Macaulay, Faraday.
Legh Richmond: '''Legh Richmond''' ([[1772]]-[[1827]]), cvanarelical divine : M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1799; while a curate in the Isle of Wight wrote three famous tales of village life, of which the earliest ami most popular wasThe Dairyman: Daughter (1809); became rector of Turvey, 1806; edited Fathers of the English Church 1807-12.
Thoma Richmond: '''Thoma Richmond''' : ,. mi pupil of his mother's cousin, George heart; was employed by the royal family"
Richson: '''Richson''' ( H UtLES ([[1806]]-[[1874]]), mer; M A. camea canon of
Hson: '''Hson''' ( H UtLES ([[1806]]-[[1874]]), Uk former; M A. K. OsAhftriMTi II,:...,...,,,,,.;-;-,. ?,.. o .. ral, 18*4: for thirty Mbfe Mi !,M Chester: secretary of the Church Education Society. IBM, MMBI si HtaMM M Ibftohi -T MUSK! 8 be* M:II.V ot bk ?MM.-n- m, !..,:. -i., i M., r -Education Act of 1870.
Chhistian Richtbr: '''Chhistian Richtbr''' (1W?-1T3JX mlniatorepainter; bom at Stockholm: canon to Enjruuxl imitated tins style of his fellow-countryman and patron, Michael Dahl
Henry James Richtzk: '''Henry James Richtzk''' ([[1778]]-1M7X painter : began to exhibit at tbc Royal Academy, 1788; painted mainly figures of a domestic nature of scenes from Shakespeare,Don Quixote and the like.
Word Rich: '''Word Rich''' , WILLIAM (*. [[1687]]) See BOTH W..UT1L
Riczard: '''Riczard''' 8, SIR GEORGE KETTILBY ([[1812]]-[[1889]]X political economist: of Westminster Scliool and Eton College, and Bulliol, Trinity, and Queen's Colleges, )xford; M.A., 1836; fellow of Queen's College, 183G-I3:Barrister, Inner Temple, 1837 (U-nclier, 1873): cnnnl to the speaker of the House of Commons, 1861 -8i; Dnuninond professor of political economy at Oxfor-l, 1851-7; K.C.B., 1882.
Samuel Rickards: '''Samuel Rickards''' ([[1796]]-[[1866]]), divine: fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, 1819-22; M.A., 1820; rector of Stowlangtoft, 1832-65; published devotional work*. xlviiL 2611
Sir Henry Ricketts: '''Sir Henry Ricketts''' ([[1802]]-[[1886]]). Indian civil servant; entered the Bengal civil per vice, 1821; commissioner of Cuttack. 1836-9; commissioner of Chittagong, 1841-8; a member of the board of revenue, 1849-56; and a member of the governor-general's council, 1858-60: retired in consequence of ill- health, 1860; K.C.S.L, 1866. -14
Sir William Rickhill: '''Sir William Rickhill''' (fl. [[1378]]-[[1407]]), jndge; nominated a justice of the common pleas, 1889; sent (1397) to Calais to obtain the confession of the Duke of Gloucester, which was afterwards read in parliament.
John Rickinohale: '''John Rickinohale''' (d. [[1429]]), bishop of Chiohe?ter; D.D. Cambridge; master of Gonville Hall (now Gonville and Gains College), Cambridge, 1416-26: consecrated bbhop, 1426.
John Rickman: '''John Rickman''' ([[1771]]-[[1840]]), statistician : of Magdalen College, Oxford; B.A. Lincoln College, Oxford, 1792; became secretary to Charles Abbot (Baron Colchester) and prepared the first census act (1800): became second clerk assistant at the House of Commons, 1814, and (1820) clerk assistant; prepared annual abstracts of the poor-law returns, 1816-36; friend of Lamb and Sou they. He devised the metliods to be employed in the census, and prepared the reports published in 1801, 1811, 1821, and 1831, besides making elaborate calculations as to tlie -population of preceding periods.
Thomas Rickman: '''Thomas Rickman''' 'CLIO* ([[1761]]-[[1834]]), bookseller ami reformer: was known asClioin his youth for his precocious poetical aud historical ta-te, and wrou- u.ncli under that sobriquet: settled in London us a lookficUer, 1783; was an early friend of Paine, and K* into trouble for selling Paine's works; wrote a mmiljcr of radical works, besides contributing to the Black Dwarf and other weekly journals.
Thomas Rickman: '''Thomas Rickman''' ([[1776]]-[[1841]]X architect: began to practise in Liverpool, r. 1815: pnhl ?ln-d a series of lectures on English styles of architecture, 1817, which became well known, and reached a seventh edition in 1881: built theNewcourt of 8t John's College, Cambridge, 182G; publislied architectural tn.
Josiah Ricratt: '''Josiah Ricratt''' (Jl. [[1645]]-[[1679]]). author; a merchant of London and a writer of much rvmt among the Presbyterians: renounced his principles at the Restoration a Middlesex magistrate in 1679.
Riddekl: '''Riddekl''' 1108
Ridley: '''Ridley'''

[edit] Section 1175

Hknhy Scott Riddell: '''Hknhy Scott Riddell''' ([[1798]]-[[1870]]), minor poet, oriinnally a Selkirkshire shepherd: studied at St. AnS" was minister of Caerlanrig ( 1X33-41 ), Teviothead; .-onfiiH-d in an asylum on account of insanity, 1841-4; on ,,, rvturn'rtl to Teviothead: author ofThe Crook an.l 1 -laid," Scotland Yet and other popoltt songs: his Poetical Works brought out, 1871.
James Riddell: '''James Riddell''' (d. [[1674]]), Scottish merchant nnd manufacturer; an Edinburgh merchant; became comiMi.Harv-Keneral to the Scottish forces, 1645, and made the acquaintance of Cromwell and Mouck.
James Riddell: '''James Riddell''' ([[1823]]-[[1866]]), classical scholar: M.A. ami ( 1844) fellow of Balliol College, Oxford; senior proctor, 1862; prepared editions of the Odyssey for the Oxford series, and of the Apology of Plato for Benjamin Jowvtt, the master of BallioL
John Riddell: '''John Riddell''' ([[1785]]-[[1862]]), peerage lawyer; made a -tn.lyof Scottish peerage law, and published treatises on genealogical questions.
Robert Riddell: '''Robert Riddell''' (d. [[1794]]X antiquary and patron of Burn*; entered the army and (1780) attained the rank of captain, but passed much of his life in antiquarian pursuits on his estate at Friars Carse; F.S.A.; lion. LL.D. Edinburgh, 1794; remembered chiefly as the friend of Robert Burns, Friars Carse being within a mile of BurnsV farm of Ellistoun; composed airs for several of the poet's songs.
Sir Thomas Riddell: '''Sir Thomas Riddell''' (d. [[1652]]), royalist: M.P. for Newcastle in the Short parliament, 1640; knighted; held Tynemouth Castle against the parliamentarians, 1644-5; died in exile at Antwerp.
Edward Riddle: '''Edward Riddle''' ([[1788]]-[[1854]]), mathematician and astronomer; mathematical master at the Royal Naval Hospital, Greenwich, 1821-51: F.R.A.S. and member of the council, 1825-61; published aTreatise on Navigation and Nautical Astronomy 1824 (8th edit. 1864); re-edited Hutton's Mathematical Recreations (1840, 1854), and published some sixteen papers on astronomical subjects.
Joseph Esmond Riddle: '''Joseph Esmond Riddle''' ([[1804]]-[[1859]]), scholar and divine; M.A. St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, 1831; incumbent of St. Philips, Leckhampton, 1840-59; joint-editor of a Latin dictionary with John T. White and of an 4 English- Latin Dictionary* with Thomas Kerchever Arnold; wrote largely on religious and miscellaneous topics.
Geoffrey Ridel: '''Geoffrey Ridel''' (d. [[1120]]), judge; drowned in the White Ship disaster of 1120, when he is referred to by Henry of Huntingdon as justiciarum to tins Angliae
Geoffrey Ridel: '''Geoffrey Ridel''' (d. [[1189]]), bishop of Ely; probably great-nephew of Geoffrey Ridel (i. 1120); became archdeacon of Canterbury, 1163; a prominent opponent of Thomas Becket; a baron of exchequer, 1165; excommunicated by Becket, 1169, but released before 1173, when he was chosen bishop of Ely: shared with the bishops of Winchester and Norwich the office of chief justiciar, 1179-80. He built the western transept of Ely Cathedral, of which the southern half etill remains.
Rider: '''Rider'''
Rider: '''Rider''' or RYDER, JOHN ( [[1662]]-1 [[632]]), lexicographer and bluhop of Killaloe: M.A. Jesus College, Oxford, 1583; rector of Winwick, 1597-1615; bishop of Killaloe, 161316S2; published (1589) Bibliotheca Scholastic* an elalxrnte Eiijrlish-Latin and Latin-English dictionary, which was recastand reissued hi 1C17, 1626, 1633, and 1640.
William Rider: '''William Rider''' ( [[1723]]-1 [[785]]), mlscellanJus 'writer ; of St. Mary Hall and Jesus College, Oxford; B.A., 1745; clia plain and sur muster (1763-83) at St. Paul's School, London; published several miscellaneous compilations.
Ridevall: '''Ridevall''' or RIDEVAN8, JOHN DJTfjl YsU), Franciscan; was divinity reader of his order at Oxford. Works by him are extant in manuscript at Oxford, Cambridge, Worcester, and Venice,
John Ridge: '''John Ridge''' ([[1590]] 7-[[1637]]?), puritan divine; B A. Bt John's College. Oxford, 1612; admitted vicar of Antrim (1619), where in 1626 he established the Antrim ietiiig.the model of numerous English county assemblies of independent*, both during the Commonwealth and after the Toleration Act of 1;.: silenced by Henry Leslie f (i. v., 1636, on which he retired to Scotland.
Ridoeway: '''Ridoeway''' Rm THOMAS, first baronet, first BAROX KiixiKWAY, and first EAIM. OK LONDONDERRY (1565?131), of Exeter College, Oxford; student, Inner Temple, 1583; high sheriff of Devonshire, 1600; M.P., Devonshire r 1604-6: became treasurer in Ireland, 1606, and took an important part in preparing for the Ulster settlement bv surveying the escheated counties and other laboursy himself receiving, as an undertaker, two thousand acres in Tyrone; purchased a baronetcy, 1611: created Baroa Ilidgeway, 1616; nominated Earl of Londonderry, 1623.
William Ridgeway: '''William Ridgeway''' (rf. [[1817]]), law reporter; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1787; LL.D., 1795; called to the Irish bar: acted as crown counsel in several state trials; published reports of proceedings in cases brought before the Irish courts.
Thomas Ridgley: '''Thomas Ridgley''' ([[1667]] ?-l [[734]]), independent theologian; became assistant to Thomas Gouge (1665? 1700) in Thames Street, London, 1695, and succeeded him, 1700: elected divinity tutor (1712) to the Fund Academy, Moorfields, London: upheld orthodox opinions against prevalent tendencies to Arianism and A rminiuniam, being himself a Sabellian; D.D. by diploma, Aberdeen; published theological works.
Glocester Ridley: '''Glocester Ridley''' or GLOSTER ([[1702]]-[[1774]]X miscellaneous writer; of Winchester College and Trinity and New Colleges, Oxford; B.C.L., 1729; D.D. by diploma, 1767: fellow of New College, Oxford, 1724-34; prebendary of Salisbury Cathedral, 1766-74; published sermons, poems, critical treatises, and biographies.
Humphrey Ridley: '''Humphrey Ridley''' ([[1653]]-[[1708]]), physician; of Merton College, Oxford; M.D. Leydcu, 1679; incorporated M.D. Cambridge, 1688; F.R.C.P., 1692; Gulstonian lecturer, 1694; published (1695) an important work on The Anatomy of the Brain which established his reputation as an anatomist, and Observationes 1703.
James Ridley: '''James Ridley''' ([[1736]]-[[1765]]), author ; eldest son of Glocester Ridley; of Winchester School and University College, Oxford; B.A. New College, Oxford, 1760: fellow of New College, Oxford, 1755-62; incumbent of Romford, 1762-5; chiefly remembered as the author of 'Tales of the Genii(1764), which professed to be a translation, but were in reality entirely his own, though skilfully modelled on theArabian Nights The work went through many editions (the latest appearing in 1861), and w'as translated into French (1766) and German. (17C5-6).
Lancelot Ridley: '''Lancelot Ridley''' (d. [[1576]]), divine; first cousin of Nicholas Ridley; M.A., 1527, and D.D., 1540-1, Clare Hall, Cambridge; was a vigorous protestant under Edward VI, and was deprived of his rectory of Willingham under Queen Mary; afterwards (1560-76) rector of Stretham; published three expositions on various books of the New Testament.
Mark Ridley: '''Mark Ridley''' ([[1560]]-[[1624]]), physician; son of Lancelot Ridley; M.A. Clare Hall, Cambridge, 1584; went to Russia and became chief physician to the czar, Boris Gudonoff: settled in London on the czar's death, 1598; censor of the Royal College of Physicians, 1607, 1609-13, 1615, and 1618; published a treatise on the magnet, 1613.
Nicholas Ridley: '''Nicholas Ridley''' ([[1500]]?-[[1555]]), successively bishop of Rochester and London; of an ancient border family; elected a fellow of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, c. 1524; M.A., 1526; afterwards studied at the Sorbonne and Louvaiu; became one of Cranmer's chaplains, 1537, and began, though gradually, to reject many Roman doctrines: D.D. Cambridge, 1640; became master of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, 1540, and king's chaplain; canoH of Canterbury, 1541; canon of Westminster, 1545; nominated bishop of Rochester, 1547. and (1548) was one of the visitors of Cambridge University, when he pronounced in favour of reformed opinions; installed Bonner's successor in the bishopric of London, 1550, where he exerted himself to propagate reformed opinions and to improve the condition of the poor; on Edward's death denounced Queens Mary and Elizabeth as illegitimate at St. Paul* Cross, London, but on perceiving that Lady Jane Grey's
Ridley: '''Ridley''' 1109

[edit] Section 1176

Rtley: '''Rtley''' cause was lo-t, MHIUi.imself on Queen Mary's mercy; sent to tbe Tower of London (June 1553), exceptol (rum the amnesty, and deprived of Ids bishopric; after Wyult's rebellion wa n-nt to Ox for 1 with 1-utiincr and ranmcr. and declared:i In n tic after n debate in tin- divinitj Aprd 1554); condemned on tin- capital -!::irwc f heresy, September 155fi, and burnt:ili vi-.Hin.-t.ir,:-5. M.-j.u hardly anything in hi* lifetime, hut several theological treatise* appeared posthumously. In 141 the Work* of Nicholas icidl.-y were edited for the Parker Soci Henry Christmas.
Ridley: '''Ridley''' Sin THOMAS ([[1650]]7-[[1629]]), chancellor of Winchester; of Eton and King's College, Cambridge; M.A., 1574; D.D., 16H3; incorporated lUL. at Oxford, 159K; fellow of King College, Cambridge: became headmaster of Eton, 1580; became, before 1599, a matter in cliaucery, chancellor of Winchester, and Yicar-general to Archbishop George Abbot q. T.lj M.P., Wye, 1M6-7, Lyiiiiiitrtou, 1601: knighted, 1610; published A View of tbe Civile and Ecclesiastical LAW 1607.
William Henry Ridley: '''William Henry Ridley''' ([[1816]]-[[1881]]). religious writer: Btudeut of Christ Churc-h, Oxford, 1836-41: M.A., 1840; rector of Hamhledon, 1840-82; published theological works,
Ridolfi: '''Ridolfi''' or RIDOLFO, ROBERTO in ([[1531]]-[[1612]]), conspirator; born at Florence; belonged to the great Florentine family of Ridolfl di Piazza; was brought up as a banker; entered into mercantile relations with London merchants, ami after Queen Mary's accession Fettl.it in London, where In Queen Elizabeth's reign Sir William Cecil and others employed him in financial business: intrigued with the French and Spanish ambassador?; privy to the Northern rebellion, 1569, but though arrested pu siiKpicion, vras not proved guilty: engaged (1570) in a fresh conspiracy, in which Norfolk was implicated, to overthrow Jueen Elizabeth's government with the aid of a Spanish army; his agent, Charles Baillie, arrested at Dover, April 1571, while lie himself was absent at Brussels, and bis English confederates shortly afterwards arrested; retired to Italy and settled finally at Florence; admitted to the Florentine nate, 1600.
George Ridpath: '''George Ridpath''' (d. [[1726]]), wing journalist: studied at Edinburgh: imprisoned at Edinburgh (1681) for burning Pope Innocent XI in effigy, and Imnisbed the country; went to London and adopted literature as a profession; wrote under the name of Will Laick, attacked the Scottish bishops, and defended the English presbytcrians; was, before the uuion, loud on Scotland's commercial wrongs, and for some years conducted the Flying Post or Postman a whig journal; committed to Newgate for libelling government in the Observer 1712; fled, after conviction, to Holland, whence he upheld the Hanoverian succession; returned to England and received some minor offices under George I, but (c. 1723) fell under suspicion of bigamy, and avoided his old friends.
Ridpath: '''Ridpath''' or REDPATH. GEORGE ([[1717]] 7-[[1772]]), historian of the Scottish bonier: minister of Stitchell, 1742-72; left in manuscriptThe Border History of England and Scotland (published, 1776).
Philip Ridpath: '''Philip Ridpath''' ([[1721]]-[[1788]]), Scottish minister: brother of George Rid path (17177-1772); edited his brother's Border History and (1785) published an edition of Boethius's Consolation of Philosophy
Louis Riel: '''Louis Riel''' ([[1844]]-[[1885]]), Canadian insurgent leader : became secretary in 1869 of an association to resist the incorporation of tbe North- West Territories in the Canadian Dominion in the half-breed interest; became (December 1869) president of a provisional government at Port Garry, which was suppressed by the Hal Hiver Expedition In September 1870, after which he fled to the United States; became president of a second pro Uional government, 1885, and began active warfare; captured and executed.
Etuelued of Rilvaulx: '''Etuelued of Rilvaulx''' ([[1109]] 7-[[1166]]). See
Ethklhkd: '''Ethklhkd'''
John Francis Rigaud: '''John Francis Rigaud''' ([[1742]]-[[1810]]), painter : born at Turin; studied painting in Italy; came to London, 1771; R.A., 1784. As an historical painter he had little merit, but ranks high as a portrait-painter. . STEPHEN FKASVis DUTILH 1861 }, painter: only MO of John Francis Rigaai: engaged chiefly In historical painting, and aUtod lu .!i decorative work.
Rioaud: '''Rioaud''' N ([[1816]]-[[1859]]), Milton of Antigua: ekleat son of Mrphru Peter Illgaud: fellow of Kxeter College, Oxford, 18*8-41: M.A.. IM-J: D.D., 1854; consecrated bishop of Antigua, 1858; pub!.-!. i raited irodni, iadttld h - BrtbffVObmnn* ence of Scientific Men 1841.
Stephen Peter Rigaud: '''Stephen Peter Rigaud''' ([[1774]]-1HJ9). mmthe-
Mum: '''Mum''' UttWlMttl I IM m.r; ;,:.,,.s ,! Kv.ur . ..lege, Oxford, 1794-1810: M.A., 1799; F.RA, 180ft; Savilian professor of geonv t; Saviliau pro fessor of astronomy. 1H27-39; remarkable as an astronomer for accurate knowledge of the literature ami history of the subject. He wrote several important works. Including an Historical Eway on the First Publl of Newton's " iTincipia," 1838: edited others, and published a number of important papers In various scientific periodicals.
Alexander Rigby: '''Alexander Rigby''' ([[1594]]-16MX pariiamnttaiy colonel and baron of the exchequer; stodeut of Gray Inn, 1610; sat in the short parliament u M.F., Wijmn, 1640; nominated one of t lie deputy-lieutenants of J.:un.ishire, 1642: became a colonel in the parliamentary font-s: appo4ntl a baron of the exchequer, 1649, and ( 1650 a commissioner of the high court of justice,
Edward Rioby: '''Edward Rioby''' ([[1747]]-[[1821]] Xphyslcian : published a work on uterine haemorrhage in 1776, which v. lated Into French and German: visited France, 1789, his 'Letters from Franceforming a useful supplement to Arthur Young's observations; practised in Norwich; mayor of Norwich, 1805.
Edward Rigby: '''Edward Rigby''' ([[1804]]-[[1860]]), obstetrician : ran of Edward Higby (1747-1821 ); M.I). Edinburgh. 1*25: studied midwifery at Berlin and Heidelberg and became physician at the Lying-in Ho?piUU at Lambeth; F.L.; F.It. (.I, 1 M3; n'tirdeil as the first obstetric physician iu London after Sir Charles Locock retired from pn-cticc.
Elizabeth Rigby: '''Elizabeth Rigby''' , afterwards LADY EAMI.XKK (l8O9-1893)i
Joseph Rigby: '''Joseph Rigby''' (. [[1671]]), parliamentarian ; brother of Alexander Rigby; educated at Eton; rone to be lientcnnnt-colonel in the parliamentary army, 1650: published The Drunkard's Prwpective 1656, directe.1 against alcoholic drink.
Richard Rioby: '''Richard Rioby''' ([[1722]]-[[1788]]X politician: entered parliament as.Ml, Castle Rising, 1745, and attached himself to Frederick, prince of Wales; M.P., Sudbury. 17. Tavlstock, 1754-84; afterwards transferred his allegiance to tbe Duke of Bedford, whose secretary be became in 1758, when Bedford was appointed lord-lieutenant of Ireland; appointed master of the rolls for Ireland. I:M. vice-treasurer for Ireland, 1765, and paymaster of the forces, 1768; took a pronrnent part in opposing Wilkw, 1769, and ( 1 77- ) objected to a public funeral to Chatham; succeeded as paymaster by Burke, 1784; died, leaving near hulf a million of public money."
Rigg: '''Rigg''' or RIGOE. AMBROSE ([[1635]]7-[[1705]]), quaker: became a quaker, c. 1653. and, in spite of continued persecution, preached persistently In the southern countie* till 1662, when he was arrested and kept in gaol for M-V.-U years; published religious works.
Robert Rigoe: '''Robert Rigoe''' (d. [[1410]]).
Rightwise: '''Rightwise''' or RTTWY8E, JOHN (rf. [[163]] J 7). gramnmrian: of Eton and King's College, OMBbrfdMI B.A.. 1513; became surmaster of St. Paul's Schoul. loihlon. Iftl 7, and high master, 1522; removed for neglect, 1531; ch.cdy remembered as a composer of plays and iuterlodea.
Charles Reuben Riley: '''Charles Reuben Riley''' ([[176]]J 7-[[1798]]). 8
Rylby: '''Rylby'''

[edit] Section 1177

Henry Thomas Riley: '''Henry Thomas Riley''' ([[1816]]-[[1878]]), translator and antiquary: educated at Charterhouse School, London, and Trinity and Clare Colleges, Cambridge: M.A. Clare College, 1859; incorporated at Exeter College, Oxford, 1870; barrister. Inner Temple, 1847, but made a liring in earlier life by hack-writing; edited several Chronicle*
Biley: '''Biley''' 1110
Ritchie: '''Ritchie''' and Memorialsfor the master of tin- roll?, and i became an additional inspector of the newly civatM Historical Manuscript* Commission.
Riley: '''Riley''' or RYLEY, JOHN ([[1646]]-10.91), portmitnalnter: pupil of Gerard Soest: painted portrait* SfCharles II nn.l James II and bis queen: appointed coart-pai uter to William and Mary.
Edward Francis Rimbattlt: '''Edward Francis Rimbattlt''' ([[1816]]-[[1876]]), musical author and antiquary: was a founder of the Musical Antiquarian Society, of which he became secretary, and for which hi- edited u number of works; also edited the Motet Society publications from 1841: F.8.A., 1842. He was organist of various London churches. BTjnnftfc, ALFRED (1820-1893), nrtist and author: engaged in trade in Canada, 1868-70, subsequently settling in Chester: published a number of illustrated works on English topography.
Samuel Rimmington: '''Samuel Rimmington''' ([[1755]] ?-[[1826]]), lieutenantgeneral, royal artillery; entered the army, 1771; fought in the war of American independence; colonel, 1808; lieutenant-general, 1821.
Rim: '''Rim''' 8TON or REMINGTON, WILLIAM (. [[1372]]), theological writer; doctor of theology at Oxford; chancellor of Oxford University, 1372.
John King: '''John King''' ([[1752]]-[[1821]]), surgeon; educated at Vinche-U-r College; began to practise in London, 1774; became a friend of Edward Jenner, 1799, and rendered most important services to the cause of vaccination; published numerous tracts on vaccination,
Basil Ringrose: '''Basil Ringrose''' (d. [[1686]]), buccaneer and author; was with the buccaneers at Darien in 1680; he returned t England, 1682; his journal published as a second volume of theHistory of the Buccaneers 1685; sailed (1G84) for the South Seas in the Cygnet, whose captain ioiiied the buccaneers; slain by the Spaniards in Mexico.
Stead Ring: '''Stead Ring''' , THOMAS DE (d. [[1366]]), bishop of Bangor; doctor of theology at Cambridge: subsequently became a Dominican, and (1357) was papally provided to the see of Bnngor; said to be the author of a work on the Proverbs of Solomon, of which three copies are extant at Oxford. RnrTOUL, ROBERT STEPHEN (1787-1858), journalist; set up as a printer at Dundee, 1809; edited (18111826) the Dundee Advertiser,* a paper which became one of the chief liberal journals in Scotland: went to London, 1826, and (1828) founded theSpectator which he sold in 1868. The Spectator took a prominent part in the discussion of all questions of social and political reform.
Giovanni Battista Rinuccini: '''Giovanni Battista Rinuccini''' ([[1592]]-[[1653]]), archbishop of Fermo, and papal nuncio in Ireland; born in Rome; son of a Florentine patrician; became archbishop of Fermo, 1625; appointed papal nuncio in Irelaud, 1645; interfered in the negotiations between the royalists and the Roman catholic confederates, on his arrival in Ireland, by proposing conditions which it was out of the power of Charles I to grant; consequently quarrelled with the Irish catholic royalists, and as soon as a treaty was concluded with Ormonde (March 1646) set to work to annul it, with the support of Owen Roe O'Neill l j. v., the consequence being that Ormonde's peace was rejected by a great part of Ireland; severely reprimanded from Rome for exceeding his instructions; persisted, and finally drove Ormonde to come to terms with the English parliament; rendered extremely unpopular by the victories of Inchiquin, who had declared for parliament; warned by the confederates (January 1649) tointermeddle not in any of the affairs of this kingdom; left Ireland, February 1649, and returned to Rome, where he received an honourable reception; died at Fermo of apoplexy. Though his political conduct in Ireland was unwise, his ecclesiastical duties were well performed, and in his distribution of Irish church patronage he took great care to make good appointments.
Francis Riollay: '''Francis Riollay''' ([[1748]]-[[1797]]), physician : born in Brittany: educated at Trinity College, Dublin (B. A.); incorporated at Oxford, 1777; M.A. Oxford, 1780; M.D., 1784; practised in London; Oulstonian lecturer, 1787, Harrdan orator, 1787, and Crooniau lecturer, 1788-90. RI08, JOSEPH DE MENDOZA Y (1762-1816). MIMKNIX.v.
Edward Riou: '''Edward Riou''' ([[1758]]7-[[1801]]), captain in tin- nnv : captain, 1791; led the detached- squadron against he defences of Copenhagen, where he was killed l;i cannonshot.,
De Ripariis: '''De Ripariis''' .
George Ripley: '''George Ripley''' (d. [[1490]]?), alchemist; an Angu-tiniau and a canon of Bridlington; was undoubtedly the most widely studied of the late alchemists: compiled,. 1471,The Compound of Alchemic and, 1 176, Medulhi Alchimiae
Thomas Ripley: '''Thomas Ripley''' (d. [[1758]]), architect; originally a carpenter; owed his advancement in life to Sir Robert Walpole's patronage; built Wolterton House, 17L't:;v and the Admiralty, Whitehall, 1724-6.
Ripon: '''Ripon''' first EARL OF ([[1782]]-[[1859]]). See ROBIXSON,
John Frkdkkick: '''John Frkdkkick''' .
Edward Villiers Rippingille: '''Edward Villiers Rippingille''' ([[1798]]?-1H5' V painter and writer on art; began to exhibit at the Royal Academy, 1813; chiefly painted pictures of English country life: contributed toBentley's Magazineand theArt Journal
John Rippon: '''John Rippon''' ([[1751]]-[[1836]]), baptist divine : paror in Carter Lane and New Park Street, London (1773-183G): editedBaptist Annual Register 1790-1802; compiled a well-known Selection of Hymns 1827.
Thomas Rippon: '''Thomas Rippon''' ([[1761]]-[[1835]]), chief cashier of the Bank of England: brother of John Rippon; succeeded Abraham Newland as cashier,
Tristram Risdon: '''Tristram Risdon''' ([[1580]] V-[[1640]]), topographer : author of a Cborographical Description or Survey of Devon first printed by Edmund Ctirll in a garbled edition in 1714. An excellent edition appeared in 1811.
William Rishanger: '''William Rishanger''' ([[1250]]?-[[1312]] V), monk of St. Albans and chronicler; became a Benedictine of St. Albans Abbey, 1271; author ofNarratio de Bellis npud Lewes et Evesham(edited for the Oamden Society. 1840), and of a chronicle of Gesta Edwardi Primi Riley alsoassigns to him a longer chronicle of English history edited by him for the Rolls Series in 1865.
Edward Rishton: '''Edward Rishton''' ([[1550]]-[[1586]]), Roman catholicdivine; B.A. Brasenose College, Oxford, 1572; studied at Douay; condemned to death for officiating in EiKrl;inl and banished, 1581; died of the plague near Ste.-Mrnehould. Several of his works are extant.
Nicholas Rishton: '''Nicholas Rishton''' (d. [[1413]]). diplomatist : educated at New College, Oxford; held several minor txvlesiastical preferments, and was employed in negotiation* with the French, 1403-5; an English representative at the council of Pisa.

[edit] Section 1178

John Rising: '''John Rising''' ([[1756]]-[[1815]]), portrait and subject painter; regularly exhibited at the Royal Academy, 17X51815. RI8LEY, THOMAS (1630-1716), nonconformist divin--: fellow of Pembroke College, Oxford, 1654-62; M.A., 1655; built a chapel at Culcheth after the passing of the Toleration Act in 1689, and ministered there till his death.
Alexander Handyside Ritchie: '''Alexander Handyside Ritchie''' ( [[1804]]-1 [[870]]). sculptor; studied at Rome under Thorwaldsen, and from 1838 practised successfully at Edinburgh,
John Ritchie: '''John Ritchie''' ([[1809]]-[[1850]]), sculptor; younircr brother of Alexander Handyside Ritchie: worked for a time with his brother. His fine group, The Dduw was suggested by a dream.
John Ritchie: '''John Ritchie''' ([[1778]]-[[1870]]), journalist : one of the founders of theScotsman(1817); became sole proprietor shortly after 1831.
Joseph Ritchie: '''Joseph Ritchie''' ([[1788]] ?-[[1819]]), African traveller ; a surgeon by profession; commissioned by government to undertake the exploration of the Nigritlan Soudan by way of Tripoli and Fezzau, c. 1818; died at Mur.uk.
Leitch Ritchie: '''Leitch Ritchie''' ([[1800]] 7-[[1865]]). novelist : w employed as a clerk in Glasgow, but (c. 1820) adopted lltera
Ritchie: '''Ritchie''' 1111
Robartes: '''Robartes''' turc as a profession; published novels and othor work*. Hinlilurini tin- lutu-r part of his life wiit.il ri,:,iiit.-iV* Journal xlviii. 324J
William Ritchie: '''William Ritchie''' (17H1-1H31). journalist : yotmtrrr brother of John Ritchie (177* ln7u); joined Charles Maclaren and others in 1817 in foundiiiK theScotsman of which be and Maclaren were joint -.-liters until bis.K-.i-.h.
William Ritchie: '''William Ritchie''' ([[1790]]-[[1837]]), physiciit ; professor of natural philosophy at Loudou University, 18811837.
Sir William Joh Ritchie: '''Sir William Joh Ritchie''' ' chu-f Justice of Canada; born at Annapolis, Nora Scotta: edacated at Pictou College. Nova Scotia: member for St. John's in the Nova Scotia amenably, 1846-61: became pnisne judge of New Brunswick, 1865; chief-jnstlce of New Brunswick, 1866: puisne judge of the Dominion supreme court, 1876, and chief-justice of Canada, 1879; knighted, 1881.
George Ritschel: '''George Ritschel''' ([[1616]]-[[1688]]), divine; born lu Bohemia: came to England, 1641; left England on the outbreak of the civil war, returning, 1644: rector of Hexham, 1656 7-1688; published one religious and one metaphysical work in Latin.
Isaac Ritson: '''Isaac Ritson''' ([[1761]]-[[1789]]), translator: schoolmaster at Penrith; published a translation of the Hymn to Venus 1788.
Jonathan Ritson: '''Jonathan Ritson''' ([[1776]]7-[[1846]]), wood-carver: completed the work of Griuling Gibbous at Arundel and Pctworth.
Joseph Ritson: '''Joseph Ritson''' [[0752]]-[[1803]]), antiquary ; settled hi London, 1775, as a conveyancing clerk, and (1780) began business on his own account; high bailiff of the liberty of the Savoy, 1784-1803: zealously studied English literature and history; attacked Wartou's History of English Poetry 1782, and Johnson and Steevens's edition of Shakespeare, 1783: attacked also Steevens's editorial successors, Isaac Reed and Malone: detected the Ireland forgeries, 1795: waa one of the earliest collectors of local verse, and (1783) published a Select Collection of English Songs,* in wliich he attacked Percy's Reliques and in subsequent works on the same subject threw doubt on the existence of the manuscript whence Percy claimed to have derived his ballads; demonstrated that many of John Pinkerton's Select Scottish Ballads * were forgeries, 1784; visited Paris, 1791, and from that time showed a close sympathy with the French revolution; produced (1802) his useful Bibliographia Poetica became insane, 1803, shortly before his death.
Henry Rttter: '''Henry Rttter''' ([[1816]]-[[1863]]), artist: born at Montreal; practised at DUsseldorf, chiefly affecting sea-piece*.
John Ritwyse: '''John Ritwyse''' (d. [[1532]] ?).
Louisa Henrietta Rivarol: '''Louisa Henrietta Rivarol''' , MADAMK IK (1749?-1821), translator; only child of Mather Flint; born at Remiremont; married the so-called Oomte de Rivarol, the future satirist of the revolution, e, 1780: obtained a divorce (1794) from her husband, who had deserted her; translated several English works into French.
Rivaulx: '''Rivaulx'' or RIVALLIS, PETER DE (d, [[1258]] ?), favourite of Henry III: said to have been a son or nephew of Peter des Roches (d. 1238); made treasurer, 1232, but (1234) deprived of his offices in consequence of the opposition to the Poitevin favourites; restored to favour, 1286; again treasurer, 1257.
Earuiof Rivers: '''Earuiof Rivers''' . See Woonviu.K, RICHARD, first
Eabu: '''Eabu''' d. [[1469]] ; WOODVILLK, ANTHONY, second KAUI, 1442?-1483; SAVAGK, RICHARD, fourth EARL of the second creation, 1660 ?-1712.
Rivers: '''Rivers''' firat BARON ([[1722]] ?-[[1803]] See PITT, (; i MK..K. first BAHON.
Antony Rivers: '''Antony Rivers''' , alias THOMAS BLKWTJTT (ft. 1601-1606), Jesuit: was secretory to Henry Garnett In 1692 Shirley's tragedy, The Traytor was reissued, with a dedication unwarrantably attributing it to Rivers,
Augustus Henry Lane Pox Pitt Rivers: '''Augustus Henry Lane Pox Pitt Rivers''' (1827-1900).
Thomas Rivers: '''Thomas Rivers''' ([[1798]]-[[1877]]X nurseryman: espeoially noted for his collection of roM at his nunerie* at Sawbrldgeworth and fur his development of t!..-, ilture of nall fruit trees..3*8

[edit] Section 1179

Rivzr: '''Rivzr''' 8. WILLIAM ([[1788]]-18*6), lieutenant in the navy: i-m.-r-i DM- Victory. 17M: tort a leg at Trafalgar, 1806; adjutant of Greenwich Hospital, 182-M.
Riverston: '''Riverston''' titular BAUD* or (. [[1715]]. See NcoKjrr, THOMAM.
Rjvett: '''Rjvett''' or REVCTT, JOHN (1W4-[[1674]]X braster; concealed and ( 166U) handed over to Charles II thebrasen sUtne of Charles I (made by Hubert Le Bueur ), which the parliament, on Charles I's execution, soU him as old metal and ordered to be destroyed,
Hknhy Parsons Riviere: '''Hknhy Parsons Riviere''' ([[1811]]-[[1888]]). watercolour painter: brother of William Riviere; began to exhibit in 1832; went to Rome, 1866, and remained there till near the end of hi* life, exhibiting hi England views of Rome and the neighbourhood.
Robert Riviere: '''Robert Riviere''' ([[1808]]-[[1882]]), bookbinder: brother of William Riviere; commenced business in 1829 hi hath, and r.-mov.-l. in 1840, to London, where hi* excellent taste and workmanship made him fynvms.
William Riviere: '''William Riviere''' ([[1806]]-[[1876]]X historical painter; began to exhibit at the Royal Academy, 1826.
Charles Rivinoton: '''Charles Rivinoton''' ([[1688]]-[[1742]]), publisher: took over the premises and trade of Richard CbisweU 1639-1711) in 1711, and soon became the leading theological publisher.
Charles Rivinoton: '''Charles Rivinoton''' ([[1764]]-[[1881]]), publisher: son of John Rivington (1720-1792); carried on bis father's business, at first with his brother Francis Rivington, and after his death alone.
Francis Rivington: '''Francis Rivington''' ([[1745]]-[[1822]]), publisher: eldest son of John Rivington (1720-1792); carried on his father's business with his brother Charles Rivington (1764-1831)
Francis Rivington: '''Francis Rivington''' ([[1805]]-[[1886]]), publisher: son of Charles Rivington (1764-1831); succeeded to his father's business, 1831: retired, 1869; published Tracts for the Times and other tractarian writing*.
Jame Rivington: '''Jame Rivington''' fi ([[1724]]-[[1803]]), publisher : son of Charles Rivington (1688-1742); emigrated to New England In 176O, where he started 4 Rivington's New York Gazette (1777).
John Rivington: '''John Rivington''' ([[1720]]-[[1792]]), publisher: son of Charles Rivington (1688-1742); succeeded to his father's business, and in 1760 became publisher to the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge,
John Rivington: '''John Rivington''' ([[1779]]-[[1841]]). publisher: eldest son of Francis Rivington (1746-1822); admitted into the firm in 1810.
David Rizzio: '''David Rizzio''' ([[1533]] ?-[[156]]).
John Roach: '''John Roach''' (ft. [[1794]]-[[1796]]), bookseller and compiler: kept a shop in Drury Lane, London, where he sold odd volumes and indelicate prints.
Richard Roach: '''Richard Roach''' ([[1662]]-[[1730]]), divine: of Merchant TaylorsSchool, London, and St. John's College, Oxford: M.A., 1688; B.D., 1695: rector of 8t Augustine's, Hackney, 1690-1730: a follower of Mm. Jane Lead; published mystical treatises.
Roach: '''Roach''' -SMITH, CHARLES ([[1807]]-[[1890]]). See
Smith: '''Smith'''
Bonn Rob: '''Bonn Rob''' ([[1714]]-[[1778]]).
Roy Rob: '''Roy Rob''' ([[1671]]-[[1734]]).
Rot Rob: '''Rot Rob''' (pseudonym). Sec MACOREOOR, JURK, 1825-1892.
Robartes: '''Robartes''' or ROBERTE8. FOULK ([[1680]] 7-16MX divine; M.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1602: B.D. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1609; incorporated B.D. Oxford, 1621; installed a prebendary of Norwich Cathedral, 1616, but during the civil wwr.died
Robarte: '''Robarte''' 8 1112
Robert: '''Robert'''
Francis Robartes: '''Francis Robartes''' ([[1050]] 7-[[1718]]), politician and music-inn: sou of Sir John Rolmrtes, first,-arl of lladnor q Y sat in parliament from 1673 till Ins death; knownas a musical composer and a* a writer on the theory of sound.

[edit] Section 1180

Sir John Robartes: '''Sir John Robartes''' , first EARL OF RADNOR, second lURos KOBARTKS. and second baronet (1606168i. of Exeter College, Oxford; succeeded his father as second baron RobartU 1634: voted with the popular mrtv during tbe Lou? parliament; he became a colonel in SJexVarmy nd in 1644 held the rank of field-marshal: wa* a strong presbytemn, and after Charles I's execution took no further share in public affairs; made at the Restoration lord-deputy of Ireland, an office which he exchanged for that of lord privy seal: closely associated with Clarendon's opponents from 1663: appointed lord-lieutenant of Irdaiwi; 1669: recalled, 1670; created Earl of Radnor, 1679; appointed lord president of the council, 1679.
John Oooch Robbzrds: '''John Oooch Robbzrds''' ([[1789]]-[[1854]]), Unitarian minister: pastor of Crow Street, Manchester, 1811-54; published sermons, tracts, and lectures.
James Robe: '''James Robe''' ([[1688]]-[[1753]]), Scottish presbyterian divine studied at Glasgow University; minister of Kilsyth, 1713-53: published religious works,
Eobe: '''Eobe''' Sm WILLIAM ([[1765]]-[[1820]]), colonel, royal artillery; entered the army, 1781; served in Holland, 1793-4 and 1799, at Copenhagen, 1807, and in the Spanish peninsula, 1808-12; K.C.B., 1815; K.H.; regimental colonel, 1815.
William Livingstone Robe: '''William Livingstone Robe''' ([[1791]]-[[1815]]), lieutenant, royal artillery: eldest son of Sir William Robe; served in the peninsula, 18-J8-14: lieutenant, 1808; fell at Waterloo.
John Peter Roberdeau: '''John Peter Roberdeau''' ([[1754]]-[[1815]]), dramatist; settled at Chichester, 1796: wrote many plays of indifferent merit, chiefly for the provincial theatres.
Robert: '''Robert''' I ([[1274]]-[[1329]]). See BRUCE, ROBERT DE,
Viii: '''Viii'''
Robert: '''Robert''' H ([[1316]]-[[1390]]), THK STEWARD, king of Scotland; son of Walter I1L steward of Scotland, by Marjory, daughter of Robert the Bruce: declared heir presumptive, 1318; succeeded to his father's office and estates, 1326; led the second division of the Scottish army at Halidon Hill, 133S; with Moray was chosen regent, 1334; lost his authority in consequence of Edward Ill's successes, 1335, but in 1338 again became regent, and in 1341 regained Edinburgh from the English; vacated the regency, David II having returned from France; resumed his authority as king, May 1341; resumed the regency when David II was captured at Neville's Cross, 1346; his hopes of the crown impaired by David II's recognition of Edward III as his successor, 1863: imprisoned with bis three sous by David II as a measure of security; released, 1370, and peacefully succeeded to the throne on David II's death, 1371; took no personal share in the war with England, which was renewed in 1378 and continued intermittently till his death; his second son Robert, duke of Albany, named guardian of the kingdom, 1389; died at Dundonald.
Robert: '''Robert''' m ([[1340]]7-[[1406]]), king of Scotland: originally known as John, earl of Carrick; eldest son of Robert II; changed his name on succeeding to the throne in 1390; created Earl of Atholl, 1367, and Earl of Carrick, 1368: disabled from bodily exertion by an accident which took place before his father's death; never personally governed, all the power of administration being in tbe hands of his younger brother, Robert Stewart, first duke of Albany; his heir, the Duke of Rothesay, created lieutenant of the kingdom, 1399, arrested by Albany, 1402, the order being in his father's name, and perhaps put to death in prison, on which Albany resumed the regency; died at Rothesay.
Dukk of Normandy Robert: '''Dukk of Normandy Robert''' ([[1054]]? - [[1134]]), eldest son of William I; received the investiture of Maine, 1069, but was unable to prevail on his father to Rive him actual possession of the county: rebelled, 1077, and (1079) accidentally wounded his father at Gerberoi; subsequently made his submission and was recognised as heir of Normandy, which he inherited on William I's death in 1087; having emptied his treasury, sold the Cotentin to his brother Henry, 1088; his duchy of Normandy invaded by his brother, William II, 1089; caine to an agreement with William 11, loal, and with him drove Henry out of the Cotentin; shared his possessions; took the cross and pledged his duchy to William II for five years for the sum of ten thousand marks, 1096: set out in October, and after joining the other crusaders reached Constantinople early in the summer of 1097; distinguished himself by his valour at Dorylaeum, and in the march to Autioch led the advanced guard; by his prowess enabled the crusaders to defeut Corbogha in a great battle under the walls of Antioch, June 1098; refused the sovereignty of Jerusalem, and in the autumn left Palestine; did not, however, reach Normandy till September 1100, and thus lost his opportunity of the English succession on the death of William II, but was freed by that event from the necessity of redeeming Normandy from pledge: urged by Ranuulf Flauibard, invaded England, July 1101, but made a treaty with Henry I; ceded the county of Evreux to Henry 1, 1104; hia duchy of Normandy invaded by Henry I, who was indignant at his misgoyermnent of it, 1105; defeated by Henry I and taken prisoner at the battle of Tinchebrai, 1106; passed the rest of his life in confinement in England; was probably well treated, the statement that he was blinded after being detected in plotting treason being unsupported by adequate authority,
Earl of Gloucester Robert: '''Earl of Gloucester Robert''' (d. [[1147]]), a natural son of Henry I, who bestowed on him the hand of Mabel, daughter of Robert Fitzhamon (rf. 1107), and the whole of her father's heritage in Normandy, Wales, and England; created Earl of Gloucester, c. 1122; on Henry I deatli (1135) submitted to Stephen; quarrelled with Stephen, 1137, who soon afterwards confiscated his English and Welsh estates, and (1139) landed in England in company with Matilda: captured Stephen under the walls of Lincoln, 1141, but before the close of the year was himself made prisoner at Stockbridge and exchanged for Stephen: defeated Stephen at Wilton, 1143, but spent the rest of his life in desperate efforts to hold his ground, in spite of the rapid disintegration of the Angevin party; died at Bristol.
of Jumieges Robert: '''of Jumieges Robert''' (fl. [[1037]]-[[1052]]), archbishop of Canterbury; became abbot of Jumieges, 1037; accompanied Edward the Confessor to England, 1043; was consecrated bishop of London, 1044, and became the head of the Norman opposition to Godwin; appointed archbishop of Canterbury, 1051; by inflaming Edward's resentment against Godwin, succeeded in driving the earl into exile, September 1051: fled to Normandy on Godwin's return in 1052; outlawed by the witan and deposed; went to Rome and procured the support of the pope, who ordered hia reinstatement, but in spite of that could not regain possession of his see; died at Jumieges.
The Staller Robert: '''The Staller Robert''' (f. [[1066]]), otherwise known as Robert FitzWimarc;stallerin the court of Edward the Confessor; supported William the Norman, 1066.
Robert: '''Robert''' D'OILGI, D'OiLLT, or n'OYLY I (d. [[1090]] ?), Norman baron; came to England with William I, and obtained large grants of land in the midland counties. Some of his buildings at Oxford are still extant, including the tower of St. Michael's Church and the keep of Oxford Castle.
of Mortain Robert: '''of Mortain Robert''' , COUNT OP MORTAIN(d. [[1091]] ?).
Losinoa Robert: '''Losinoa Robert''' (d. [[1095]]).
Robert: '''Robert''' (. [[1103]]), crusader and martyr : an Englishman of good family: followed Edgar Atheling to Palestine on crusade; taken prisoner at Ramlah and, refusing to deny Christ, was put to death.
Fitzhamon Robert: '''Fitzhamon Robert''' (d. [[1107]]).
of Bkllkme Robert: '''of Bkllkme Robert''' , EARL OF SHRKWSBURT (ft. 1098).
Ds Beaumont Robert: '''Ds Beaumont Robert''' , COUNT OF MKULAN (. 1118).
Bloet Robert: '''Bloet Robert''' (d. [[1123]]).
Robert: '''Robert''' (d. [[1139]]), first abbot of Newminater : entered the Benedictine abbey at Whit by, but afterwards joined
Robert: '''Robert'''
Roberts: '''Roberts''' Ti or.lr-r.:nul in 1132 owUted to foun-l tinabbey of 1'oimtuius; became first abbot of 11:17. xlv.u.

[edit] Section 1181

Robert: '''Robert''' i.'ii..:i II (f. [[113]]o [[1142]]), baron ; eWer wn of Robert d'Oiigi r (.1. 1090?), wasoonntabuUwriui regU Hnriri iimi assisted the KtuproM Matilda against KinirSti-phiMi.
Robert: '''Robert''' ini: KC;T.I-HMAV, UDIIKHT iR KRTKXR, or lloiiKKT DK HKTIM:S ti. 1 141-1 143), first translator of the Koran: travelled widely ami Kiiniul Arabic in A*ia; was living in Spain, in-ar tin- Kbro, 1U1-3, and Mltaeqnently became archdeacon of I'ampeluna; translated the Koran into Latin for Peter the Venerable, abbot of Cluny, between 1141 anl 11 i:i. His translation was first printed at Hash- in 1513. Many other works ascribed to him.
Pui Robert: '''Pui Robert''' .LBX (d. [[1147]] ?).
Uk Bethuxk Robert: '''Uk Bethuxk Robert''' (d. [[1148]]), bishop of Hereford : m native of Bethune in Artois: entered the house of the AiiKustinian canons at Llanthony. where he became prior: consecrated bishop of Hereford, 1131; followed the political guidance of Henry of Winchester during the troubles of Stephen's reign; died while attending the council of Rheini.
Ok Robert: '''Ok Robert''' 'SALE8BY* (Jt. 11 32-1 [[148]]), chancellor of Sicily: was one of the many Englishmen who found employment under the Norman kings of Sicily: wan chancellor as early as 1132, and attested charters of King Roger at least as late as 1148.
Robert: '''Robert''' (J. [[1159]]). bishop of St. Andrews : probably consecrated in 1125; the prior of St. Andrews founded during his rule by David I.
Op Melux Robert: '''Op Melux Robert''' (,l. [[1167]]), bishop of Hereford ; an Englishman by birth; went to France, r. 112". and taught philosophy at Paris and Melun; recalled to England by Thomas Becket and elected bishop of Hereford, 1163; supported Henry n in his controversy with Becket, though with moderation: enjoyed great renown as a theologian and teacher. In philosophy he was a realist, but stopped short of anything like heterodoxy. His great work was Summa Theologia?
Ok Shrewsbury Robert: '''Ok Shrewsbury Robert''' (d. [[1167]]), hagiologist; became abbot of Shrewsbury before 1160, and wrote an extant Life of St. Wenefred
Earl Robert: '''Earl Robert''' op LEICISTER ([[1104]]-[[1168]]). See
Robert Beaumont: '''Robert Beaumont''' rE.
Robert: '''Robert''' FiTZHAiiDixo (d. [[1170]]).
Op Bridlixoton Robert: '''Op Bridlixoton Robert''' or ROBERT THE SCRIBK (ft. 1160-1170), theologian; became prior of Bridlington, e. 1160. He owed his name ofScribeto his many writings, chiefly commentaries on portions of the bible.
Op Cricklade Robert: '''Op Cricklade Robert''' , also called CAXUTUS (ft. 1157-1170), historical writer; chancellor of the university of Oxford, 1159; was also prior of St. Frideswide; wrote a life of Thomas Becket.
Robert: '''Robert''' (d. [[1178]]), abbot of Glastonbury : wrote lives of two of the bishops of Winchester, printed in Wharton's Anglia Sacra
Fitzstkpuex Robert: '''Fitzstkpuex Robert''' (d. [[1183]]?). See Frrz 8TEPHKX.
De Moxte Robert: '''De Moxte Robert''' ([[1110]]7-[[1186]]), chronicler: born at Torigni-sur-Vire; was abbot of Mont St. Michel, 1 154 1186: continued the work of William of Jumlege* and the chronicle of Sigebert of Gemblours.
Foliot Robert: '''Foliot Robert''' (d. [[1188]]).
De Stutevillk Robert: '''De Stutevillk Robert''' (d. [[1186]]). See STUTE
Vim: '''Vim''' K.
Earl of Leicester Robert: '''Earl of Leicester Robert''' (d. [[1190]]). See BEAU-
Robkrt De Mont: '''Robkrt De Mont''' .
De Bbaupeu Robert: '''De Bbaupeu Robert''' (Jt. [[1190]]). Se
De Turxham Robert: '''De Turxham Robert''' (d. [[1211]]).
Dk Vieuxpoxt Robert: '''Dk Vieuxpoxt Robert''' or Viroxr (d. [[1828]]). See
Vieuxpoxt: '''Vieuxpoxt'''

[edit] Section 1182

Robert: '''Robert''' (.. [[1211]]?), saint: lived at at a hermit: often confused with rough first abbot of NewmUuf; _ b* !!S *
Robert: '''Robert''' 1:1. n (ft. [[1186]]-[[1240]]). 8 I.
Robert: '''Robert''' H I.' MVTOX (f. 12WX See Lwi
Robert: '''Robert''' i liiurv.., TllWlXO, or TWKXO (UQ6 ?1268?). Sec Tnv
Robert: '''Robert''' xoucu* rf. [[1272]]), author: wrote ( mentary on John de Sacroboaco'i tn-atiae De Kphjprn.* xlviii. S721
Ok Swakkiiam Robert: '''Ok Swakkiiam Robert''' (d. [[1273]] U hbtorimn of the abbey of IVterbortMigh: continued the hUtory of toe abbey coinmencvd by Hugh it. Ilu7 V 1156 ?)
Dk Stichil Robert: '''Dk Stichil Robert''' (d. [[1974]]).
Tiiokpk Robert: '''Tiiokpk Robert''' (ft. [[1290]]).
Robert: '''Robert''' or GU)OCDtTKit ( A [[120]]-[[1300]]X htotorian : known only from tin- KiiflUh metrical chronicle of the history of England to 1270, which Dear* hi* name: may have been an inhabitant of Gloucwter.
of Lkicehtkr Robert: '''of Lkicehtkr Robert''' (ft. [[1320]]).
Thk Enklibhuax Robert: '''Thk Enklibhuax Robert''' , alao called RoBRrm
Pkrhcrutator: '''Pkrhcrutator''' (ft. [[1326]]), author; wrote teveral extant treatise* on medicine and alchemy.
Mavnyxo Robert: '''Mavnyxo Robert''' or DE BRUXXB (ft. U88-WW).
Op Robert: '''Op Robert''' AvKsnvRY ( ft. [[1356]]), historian : compiled a history of the Mlrabilia Gtesta 1 of Edward III down to 1356, printed in the Rolls Series, 1889.
De Thorpe Robert: '''De Thorpe Robert''' , SIR (d. [[1372]]).
Dr Strettox Robert: '''Dr Strettox Robert''' (1. [[1385]]).
Wikkpord Robert: '''Wikkpord Robert''' (d. [[1390]]).
Op Woodstock Robert: '''Op Woodstock Robert''' (d. [[1418]]). See HKETK,
Robert: '''Robert'''
James Roberton: '''James Roberton''' , LORD BEDLAY ([[1590]]?-[[166]]l), OuaMlili judge: M.A. Glasgow, 1609; appointed professor of philosophy and humanity, Glasgow, 1018; appointed judge in the admiralty court, 1626; retired during Cromwell's supremacy; made an ordinary lord of session, 1661.
John Roberton: '''John Roberton''' ([[1797]]-[[1876]]), surgeon ; appointed surgeon to the Manchester Lying-in Hoopital, 1H27; helped much to extend the fame of the Manchester school of obstetrics.
Sir Abraham Roberts: '''Sir Abraham Roberts''' ([[1784]]-[[1873]]), general ; entered the army, 1H03: served in India and Afghanistan with distinction for over fifty yean: G.C.B., 1873. He was the father of Field-Marshal Karl Robert*, K.i.
Arthur Roberts: '''Arthur Roberts''' ([[1801]]-[[1886]]), author: eldest wn of William Roberts (1767-1849); published hi* father's biography.
Barr Roberts: '''Barr Roberts''' fi CHARLES ([[1789]]-[[1810]]), antiquary; B.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1808; made a fine collection of English coins, now in possession of the trustees of the British Museum.
Bartholomew Roberts: '''Bartholomew Roberts''' ([[1682]]7-[[1722]]), pirate; was captured by pirates in 1718, and joined their company; killed in 1722 off Cape Lopea white in action with a man-of-war.

[edit] Section 1183

David Roberts: '''David Roberts''' ([[1757]]-[[1819]]), lieutenant-colonel ; entered the army, 1794; served In the Spanish peninsula, 1808-13; brevet lieutenant-colonel, 1813; author of The Military Adventures of Johnny Kewcome 1816.
David Roberts: '''David Roberts''' ([[1796]]-[[1864]]), painter : began to practise his art as scene-painter began to exhibit at the 11 extensively, and painted Europe, as well as of Syria and the Holy Land xlvnl. 8761
Emma Roberts: '''Emma Roberts''' ([[1794]] ?-[[1840]]). anther; redded for some years in India with her married sister, and published feveral works on that country, including Scenes and Characteristics of Hindoftan 18. xlrtll. JTH llfVO-lOO*;, pitimcT; LK-KHII to aainter to a travelling company; Royal Academy, 1826; travelled d landscapes of all parte of
Roberts: '''Roberts''' 1114
Roberts: '''Roberts'''
Fkaxcis: '''Fkaxcis''' ([[1601]][[675]]), puritan ; M.A. Trinity College, Oxford, 1632; joined tlu- preshytrrian party at the outbreak of tin- civil war, and was instituted o Yrington: conformed at the Restoration, and was l-ft undisturbr.1: created D.D. Dublin, when chaplain to i, lord-lieutenant of Ireland; Itft several theological
Gborob: '''Gborob''' (Jl. [[1721]]-[[1726]]), mariner: reputed Authorof "Tlie Four Years* Voyaures of (apt. George Roberts(1726 X which is sometimes assigned to 5SS
George Roberts: '''George Roberts''' (rf. [[1860]]), antiquary ; mayor of Lyme Regis, 1848-9 and 1854-5: published, besides other works, the Life, Progresses, and Rebellion of James, Duke of Monmouth 1844.
George Edward Roberts: '''George Edward Roberts''' ([[1831]]-[[1865]]X geologist ; author of * The Rocks of Worcestershire 1860, and other geological treatises.
Griffith Roberts: '''Griffith Roberts''' (fl. [[1567]]-[[1585]]), Welsh grammarian; M.D. Siena; published a Welsh treatise on grammar at Milan in 1567, which was reprinted in 1857. (. 1685-1616),
Roberts: '''Roberts''' or ROBARTS, HENRY author; author of a number of works of extreme rarity, mainly panegyrics and romances; attached to the court of James L
Henry Roberts: '''Henry Roberts''' (rf. [[1876]]), architect ; interested himself in the housing of the poor of London, and also of Belgium and Italy.
Roberts: '''Roberts''' Sm HENRY GEE ([[1800]]-[[1860]]), majorvri'ii.Tal; entered the East India Company's service, 1818; took a distinguished part in the Sikh wars and in the Indian mutiny; major-general, 1854; K.O.B., 1859.
James Roberts: '''James Roberts''' (A. [[1564]]-[[1606]]), printer; printed editions of several of Shakespeare's plays, includingThe Mart-haunt of Venyce(1600),A Midsummer Night's Dr. -am (1600), and Hamlet (1604).
James Roberts: '''James Roberts''' (fl. [[1766]]-[[1809]]), portrait-painter.
John Roberts: '''John Roberts''' ([[1576]]-[[1610]]), Benedictine monk ; educated at St. John's College, Oxford; ordained priest at Valladolid, 1602; came to England as a missioner; was arrested in England and executed.
John Roberts: '''John Roberts''' ([[1623]] 7-[[1684]]), quaker and humorist; joined the parliamentary army, and (1655) became a quaker; suffered persecution, but was befriended by Nicholson, bishop of Gloucester.
John Roberts: '''John Roberts''' ([[1712]]7-[[1772]]), politician; was private secretary to Henry Pelham, and was rewarded for his services with a series of sinecures; M.P., Harwich, 1701-72.
John Roberts: '''John Roberts''' ([[1749]]-[[1817]]).
John Roberts: '''John Roberts''' ([[1767]]-[[1834]]), Welsh divine : became co-pastor of Llanbrynmair independent church, 1796, and sole pastor, 1798. A theological work by him, Dybenion Marwolaeth Crist(1814 ), provoked a tedious controversy. M
John Roberts: '''John Roberts''' ([[1822]]-[[1877]]), Welsh musician; better known as IKUAN GWYLLT: published (1859) his tune-book, * Llyfr Tonau which at once became popular; composed twenty-one or more tunes, of which some halfdozen are still in popular use; contributed miscellaneous articles to the Traethodydd the Welsh quarterly.
John Roberts: '''John Roberts''' ( [[1804]]-[[1884]]), Welsh writer 'on!? independent minister, better known as J. R; son of John Roberta (1767-1834); held pastorates in Wales and London, and edited Y Cronicl,* 1867-84.
John Christopher Roberts: '''John Christopher Roberts''' ([[1739]]-[[1810]]), politician; son of John Roberta (1712 V-1772); was made secretary of the province of Quebec, 1768, and afterwards commissary -general.
Joseph Roberts: '''Joseph Roberts''' ([[1795]]-[[1849]]), missionary ; sent to Oylon by the Wesleyan Missionary Society, 1819; published a translation of extracts from the Tamil work Sakaa Therm Saasteram 1831.
Lewes Koberts: '''Lewes Koberts''' or LEWIS ([[1596]]-[[1640]]). merchant writer; a director of the East India Com pany; wrote several works on English trade with foreicrn countries,

[edit] Section 1184

Mary Roberts: '''Mary Roberts''' ([[1788]]-[[1864]]), author; educated as a quaker: published works on subjects connected with natural history, includingAnnals of My Village 1831.
Michael Roberts: '''Michael Roberts''' ([[1817]]-[[1882]]), mathematician : B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1838; fellow, 1843; professor of mathematics:,t Trinity College, Dublin, 1KG2-73; discovered many properties of geodesic lines and lines of curvature on the ellipsoid.
Peter Roberts: '''Peter Roberts''' ([[1760]] 7-[[1819]]), divine and antiquary; M.A. Dublin; held successively several living: chief works, Sketch of the Early History of the Cymrv,* 1803, and Cambrian Popular Antiquities 1815.
Richard Roberts: '''Richard Roberts''' ([[1789]]-[[1864]]), inventor; settle.! in Manchester; patented the self-acting mule. 1826, and invented the radial arm for winding in, 1832; subsequently made several important inventions in connection with railways and steamships.
Richard Roberts: '''Richard Roberts''' ([[1810]]-[[1883]]), author; also known as GUUFFYDD RHISIART; son of John Roberts (1767-1834); wrote a good deal of prose and verse for Y Cronicl and other magazines.
Samuel Roberts: '''Samuel Roberts''' ([[1763]]-[[1848]]), author and pamphleteer; known as thePauper's Advocate a Sheffield silversmith by trade and author of an immense number of books and pamphlets on political and social subjects; friend of James Montgomery the poet.
Samuel Roberts: '''Samuel Roberts''' ([[1800]]-[[1885]]), social and political reformer: eldest son of John Roberts (1767-1834); pastor of Llanbrynmair, 1834-57; became a leader of public opinion among Welsh nonconformists: founded (1843) Y Cronicl a cheap monthly journal, which attained great influence in Wales; went to Tennessee, 1857, where Reestablished a Welsh settlement, which was unsuccessful; returned to Wales, 1867.
Thomas Roberts: '''Thomas Roberts''' ([[1749]] ?-l [[794]] ?), artist; chiefly devoted himself to parklike landscape, and imitated Dutch foliage pencilling: exhibited, from 1773, with the Society of Artists in the Strand, London.
Thomas Sautelle Roberts: '''Thomas Sautelle Roberts''' ([[1760]] ?-[[182]]G), artist; brother of Thomas Roberts; exhibited landscapes at the Royal Academy, 1789-1811.
Roberts: '''Roberts''' Sin WILLIAM, first baronet ([[1605]]-[[1662]]), parliamentarian; entered at Gray's Inn, 1622; knighted, 1624; sided with parliament on the outbreak of the civil war: became a menvber of the council of state, 1653; sat in Cromwell's House of Peers, 1657; created baronet, 1661.
William Roberts: '''William Roberts''' ([[1585]]-[[1665]]), bishop of Bangor : fellow of QueensCollege, Cambridge; consecrated, 1637; suffered much during the civil war through adhering to Charles 1.
William Roberts: '''William Roberts''' ([[1767]]-[[1849]]), barrister and author; educated at-Etou and St. Paul's School, London; M.A. Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1791; barrister, Middle Temple, 1806: edited theBritish Review 18111822, and had a literary quarrel with Byron; published Memoirs of Hannah More 1834.
Sir William Roberts: '''Sir William Roberts''' ([[1830]]-[[1899]]), physician : educated at University College, London: B.A. London, 1851; M.B., 1853; M.D., 1854; M.R.C.S. England, 1863; physician to Manchester Royal Infirmary, 1855-83; lecturer on anatomy and physiology at Royal School of Medicine, Manchester; lecturer on pathology, 1859, and on principles and practice of medicine, 1863, at Owens College: first joint-professor of medicine at the Victoria University, 1873-6; F.R.C.P., 1865; F.R.S., 1877; knighted, 1885; fellow (1892) of London University, which he represented on the General Medical Council, 1896-9; published medical treatises.
William Hayward Roberts: '''William Hayward Roberts''' (d. [[1791]]), poet and biblical critic: M.A. King's College, Cambridge, 1760; created D.D. Cambridge, 1773; became a fellow of Eton College, 1771, and provost, 1781: principal work Judah Restored (1774), a poem in blank verse.
Roberts: '''Roberts''' 1115 KOiUiKTSON
William Roberts: '''William Roberts''' 1'lMWTIXi! (1H08-[[1871]]X olicitor and traden-union advocuu-; educated at Charterhouse School; practised as a solicitor at liath, aud became associated with the leading chartuu; concerned In nearly all the law affairs of the trades-unions from 1843.
Loiiii Robertson: '''Loiiii Robertson''' ([[1794]]-[[1865]]). See Roi.
Patrick: '''Patrick'''
Abraham Robertson: '''Abraham Robertson''' ([[1751]]-[[1826]]), astronomer ami mathematician; M.A.Christ Church, Oxford. 1782; F.K.S., 1795; Saviliau professor o( geometry, 1797-1810, of astronomy, 1810-26; chief work Sectiouum Conic-arum Libri VII 1792.
Alexander Robertson: '''Alexander Robertson''' , thirteenth BAROX or
Stui: '''Stui''' -AX ([[1670]]?-[[1749]]), educated at St. Andrew*; *uco-.-.l-.l hU father as baron of Struan and chief of the clun Hoberteon, 1G88; joined Dundee and was attainted, ;i ii'l reaped to France: obtained a remission, 1703, and joined Mar, 1715; was taken at Sheriffnmir, but I'scaped to France; obtained a remission, 1731, and took 1,0 ativ part in the rising of 1745.
Andrew Robertson: '''Andrew Robertson''' ([[1777]]-[[1845]]), mlnlaturepainUT; brother of Archibald Robertson (1765-1835) : studied at Marischal College, Aberdeen; started practice as a miniature-painter at Aberdeen: came to London, 1801, aud became a leading miniature-painter.
Archibald Robertson: '''Archibald Robertson''' (17G5-[[1835]]), miniaturepainter: educated at Aberdeen: came to London, 1786, :i M.I thence removed to New York, where he painted Washington and other leading Americans, and became a prominent citizen.
Archie Ald Robertson: '''Archie Ald Robertson''' (rf. [[1847]]), major-general : entered the East India Company's service, 1800; majorgeneral, 1837; elected n director, 1840.
Archibald Robertson: '''Archibald Robertson''' ([[1789]]-[[1864]]), medical writer; M.D. Edinburgh, 1817; settled at Northampton, 1818, after serving as assistant-surgeon in the navy: physician to the Northampton infirmary, 1820-53; F.R.S., is:;.;.

[edit] Section 1185

Bartholomew Robertson: '''Bartholomew Robertson''' (. [[1617]]-[[1620]]), divine; published devotional works.
David Robertson: '''David Robertson''' ([[1795]]-[[1854]]), bookseller: carrial on business at the Trongate, Glasgow, from 1823; gradually added publishing to his original trade.
Donald Robertson: '''Donald Robertson''' (Jt. [[1636]]-[[1660]]), tutor of Strnan; the son of the tenth Baron of Struan; became lu-a.l of the clan during the minority of his nepliew, Alexander; joined Montrose, 1645; rewarded with a pension at the Restoration.
Eben William Robertson: '''Eben William Robertson''' ([[1815]]-[[1874]]), historical writer; B.A. Worcester College, Oxford, 1837; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1845; was high sheriff and deputylieutenant of Leicestershire; published (1862)Scotland and her Early Kings and Historical Essays 1872. xlviii* 404j
Frederick William Robertson: '''Frederick William Robertson''' ([[1816]]-[[1863]]), divine: educated at Edinburgh University and Brasenose College, Oxford: M.A., 1844: ordained, 1840; became incumbent of Trinity Chapel, Brighton, 1847: gradually acciirirvd irro-.it influence among all ecclesiastical parties throughout England, while belonging exclusively to none; hi* -Literary Remains which includeTwo Lectures .n the Influence of Poetry on the Working Classes, and a translation of Lessinir's Education of the Human K. l(. published, 1876; hisLife and Letterspublished by the Rev. Stopford A. Brooke, 1865.
George Robertson: '''George Robertson''' ([[1748]]?-[[1788]]), landscapepainter; studied in London and Rome: exhibited at the Incorporated Society of Artistsexhibitions.
George Robertson: '''George Robertson''' ( [[1750]] V-[[1832]]), topographical writer: published several works, including a Topographical Description of Ayrshire 1820, andRural Recollections 1829.
George Croom Robertson: '''George Croom Robertson''' ([[184]]J-[[1892]]X philosopher educated at Marischal College, Aberdeen; M.A., ;: elected professor of mental philosophy and logic in University College, London, 1866; became editor of Mind 1876; published a monograph upon Hobbc* in Blackwood'a !:...-.; i -..,;. -..;:.. laJbMfei were chiefly with the school represented by the Mill* aud
James Robertson: '''James Robertson''' (17X 7-[[1788]]),
Ames: '''Ames''' (17X 7-[[1788]]), governor of Hew York: entered the army M a private: obtained a commission, 1740: made governor of New York, 1779; llentenanteneraU 1782.
James Robertson: '''James Robertson''' ([[1714]]-[[1796]]), orient*: studied under Scbulten* at Leyden and graduated there: WM profetwr of Hebrew at Edinburgh Univenlty. 1761LTMi pohltahtdMlnuBaMl Uag... 11. t,r,-:.-,- 171-. ;vM,. m
Jame Robertson: '''Jame Robertson''' 8(*. 18JO), Benedictine monk ; entered the monastery of the Scottish BeneuieUne* at Rntlsbou at an early age, and WM afterward* a nrtet ...way; employed by Canning on a Kent political mission in Denmark, 1808: returned (1816) to RatUboo. lie interested hlmsel in the education of the deaf and dumb.
James Robertson: '''James Robertson''' ([[1788]]-[[1868]]). See WAUCCB,
Jam: '''Jam''' ! IlullKKTSoX-.
James Robertson: '''James Robertson''' ([[1803]]-[[1860]]), divine; M.A. Abenleen, 1820; became minister of Kllon, 18UX, and (184J) professor of divinity aud church hUtory in Edinburgh University; moderator of the general a**embly, 1866.
James Burton Robertson: '''James Burton Robertson''' ([[1800]]-[[1877]]), hUtorian: ti an-lat,-,l Schlegel'n Philosophy of History 1836. and Mohler'sSymbolism 1843; became profesaor of geography and modern history in the Roman catholic university of Dublin, 1855.
James Craigie Eobertson: '''James Craigie Eobertson''' ([[1818]]-[[188]]J), canon of Canterbury; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1838: oplained, 1836: canon of Canterbury, 1869; published hi* 'Church Historybetween 1860 and 1873, and issued a n-vi-Ml edition, 1874-5; published alsoBecket: a Biography 1869, aud other works.
John Robertson: '''John Robertson''' ([[1712]]-[[1776]]), mathematician: matlHJmatical master at Christ's Hospital, London, 17481765: first master of the Royal Naval Academy at Pun mouth, 1755-66, aud clerk and librarian to the Royal Society, 1768-76.
John Robertson: '''John Robertson''' ([[1767]]-[[1810]]), minor poet: a native of Paisley; wrote several lyric*: committed suicide near Portsmouth.
Robertson: '''Robertson''' Sin JOHN ([[1816]]-[[1891]]), Australian statesman; emigrated to New South Wales In early chlklhood, and in 1835 became a squatter; returned to the New South Wales legislative assembly in the liberal in1856. subsequently holding other seat*, and (1858) joined the Cowper ministry: formed (1860) bl first min which went out of office, 18G3; again premier, 1860-70. lS75-March 1877, August-December 1877, and 1888; opposed the federation movement, and advocated free trade. t* *"
John Parish Robertson: '''John Parish Robertson''' ([[1792]]-[[1843]]), merchant and author; a Scottish merchant; devoted himself to opening South America to British trade; published several works on Paraguay and La Plata.
Joseph Eobertson: '''Joseph Eobertson''' ([[1726]]-[[180]]S), divine; B.A. Queen's College, Oxfonl, 1749; became vicar of Horncastle, 177S: had considerable reputation as a literary critic, writing in the Critical Review and the 4 Gentleman's Magazine
Joseph Robertson: '''Joseph Robertson''' ([[1810]]-[[1866]]), Scottish historian and record scholar: studied at Marist-hjd College, Atx-rdcen: intimate friend of John Hill Burton; ted (1839) to found the Spaldiug Club: appointed historical curator of the records in the Edinburgh Regiat.r House, 1853; edited Concilia Eccleaias Soottauue* for the Banuatyne Club, 1866.
Joseph Cldtton Robertson: '''Joseph Cldtton Robertson''' ([[1788]]-[[1861]]X joint compiler of the Percy Anecdote*; was by trade a t uifent in Fleet Street, London: pnblinbed with Thomas Byerley The Percy Anecdote* ( 18S1-3) In twenty volumes.
Patrick Robertson: '''Patrick Robertson''' , LORD ROBKRTSOX ([[174]]1885;, Scottish judge; called to the Soottteh bar, 1816 -,

[edit] Section 1186

Robertson: '''Robertson''' 1116
Robinson: '''Robinson''' was appointed a lord of session, 1843; lord rector of v,r il CoUeffe ami university of Aberdeen, and mile LL.D..1848: named by Scott -Peter othe Painch from the rotundity of bis figure; published indifferent ,,...,. xlviii. 41- j
Robert Robertson: '''Robert Robertson''' ([[1742]]-[[1829]]), physician: *TVil in the navy as surgeon's mate and surgeon (17611791): created M.D. Aberdeen, 1779; physician to Greenwich Hospital, 1793; F.R.S., 1804; published medical .,, r..i;.o,,..
Robertson: '''Robertson''' or ROBINSON, THOMAS (,f. [[1520]]156 1), dean of Durham; of Queen's and Magdalen Colleges, Oxford; M.A., 1626: became master of Magilalen College School 1526, and treasurer of Salisbury Cathedral, 1540: dean of Durham, 1557, deprived, 1559; assisted in compiling Lily's Latin Grammar
Thomas Robertson: '''Thomas Robertson''' (d. [[1799]]), dirine: minister of Daltneny, 1775-99; hon. D.D. Edinburgh, 1792: published a History of Mary Queen of Scots 1793, and other works.
Thomas Campbell Robertson: '''Thomas Campbell Robertson''' ([[1789]]-[[1863]]), Indian civil servant; entered tin- Bengal civil service, 18U4; became a member of the supreme council, 1838, and lieutenant-governor of the North-west Provinces, 1*40; retired, 1843.
Thomas William Robertson: '''Thomas William Robertson''' ([[1829]]-[[1871]]). actor and dramatist; appeared at Wisbecli, 1834, as Rob Roy's son: came to London, 1848; produced his first piece, A Night's Adventures at the Olympic, 1851; married Elizabeth Burton, 1856, and acted with her in various parts of Ireland and England; retired from the stage an! wrote and translated plays for Lacy, and Inally produced David Garrick which was well received at the Hay market in 1864; subsequently produced 4 Society ( 1865) and Ours ( 1866 ), which established bis reputation, and in 1867 reached his high- water mark in Cante*: continued to write plays in rapid succession till his death.
William Robertson: '''William Robertson''' (d. [[1686]] ?), lexicographer ; graduated at Edinburgh: was appointed university teacher of Hebrew at Cambridge, 1680; published numerous treatises on the Hebrew language.
William Robertson: '''William Robertson''' ([[1705]]-[[1783]]), theological writer; M.A. Glasgow, 1724: distinguished himself in 1725 by successfully resisting the usurpation by the principal ef the studentsright to elect the rector of Glasgow University; was ordained deacon, 1728, and subsequently receival several Irish preferments; he adopted heterodox opinions, c. 1760, and resigned his benefices, 1764; removed to London, 1767; made D.D. Glasgow, 1768; afterwards removed to Wolverhampton, where he finally became a Unitarian. He had considerable reputation as a pamphleteer.
William Robertson: '''William Robertson''' ([[1721]]-[[179]]:$), historian: educated at Edinburgh University; presented to the parish of Gladsmuir, 1743, and transferred to Lady Y ester's Chapel at Edinburgh, 1756; commenced, 1763, hisHistory of Scotland which was published in 1759, and met with enormous success; appointed principal of Edinburgh University, 1762; elected moderator of the general assembly, and made historiographer for Scotland 1763: published hi* History of Charles V 1769, which rendered his fame European, his Introduction an estimate of the dark ages being one of the first successful attempts in England at historical generalisation on the basis of large accumulations of fact; published a fascinating History of America 1777, in which the part relating to the English colonies was hindered from completion by the outbreak of the American war; spent his later year* in retirement, but retained his post as principal of Edinburgh University till 1792. The best collective edition of his works was published at Oxford in eight rolumes, 1825.
William Robertson: '''William Robertson''' ([[1740]]-[[1803]]), deputy-keeper or the records of Scotland: studied at King's College, Aberdeen;_became secretary to the Earl of Findlater and ; appointed deputy-keeper of the records, publishing several important manuscripts, to tone The Records of the Parliament of , of which one volume appeared before his death,
William Bruce Robertson: '''William Bruce Robertson''' ([[1820]]-[[1886]]),divinc ; studied at Glasgow and Halle; minister of the secession church at Irvine, 1843-78; famous as a preacher, and author of a well-known translation ofDies Ine
Robertson: '''Robertson''' Sm WILLIAM TINDAL ([[1825]]-1SH9), physician: matriculated at London University; M.D. Ka'inburgh, 1853; practised at Nottingham, and for nearly twenty years acted as physician to the Nottingham general hospital; F.R.C.P., 1874; M.P., Brighton, 1886; knighted, 1888..,
Robertson: '''Robertson''' Mns. WYBROW ([[1847]]-[[1884]]). See
Marie Litton: '''Marie Litton''' .
John Robethon: '''John Robethon''' (d. [[1722]]), secretary to George I ; a Huguenot refugee; came to England, c. 1689, and was employed by William III; on William's death entered the service of George William, duke of Zell, and in 1705 that of George Lewis, afterwards George I, in which latter capacity he dealt with the correspondence of George with the English whigs; accompanied George I to England, 1715, and was used by Sunderland to alienate George I from Walpole; his influence diminished on Walpole's return to power.
Hood Robin: '''Hood Robin''' .
of Redesdale Robin: '''of Redesdale Robin''' (. [[1469]]), rebel captain ; led a rising in Yorkshire against Edward IV, instigated by Warwick and Clarence, 1469. He was doubtless either Sir William Conyers (. 1495) of Marske, or his brother, Sir John Conyers of Hornby, who afterwards made his peace with Edward IV and was a favourite of Henry VII.
Ddl Robin: '''Ddl Robin''' * o FON ([[1744]] ?-[[1785]]). See HUGHES,
Robert: '''Robert'''
Ddl Robin: '''Ddl Robin''' * o'R GLYX ([[1769]] ?-[[1835]]). See DA VIES,
Robert: '''Robert'''
Ab Gwilym Ddu Robin: '''Ab Gwilym Ddu Robin''' ([[1767]]-[[1850]]). See WIL-
Robert Liams: '''Robert Liams''' .
Benjamin Robins: '''Benjamin Robins''' ([[1707]]-[[1751]]), mathematician and military engineer: became distinguished in early life as a mathematician and afterwards as a pamphleteer: F.R.S., 1727; Copley medallist, 1747; published (1742) his best-known work, New Principles of Gunnery which was translated into German by Euler; went to India as engineer-general to repair the forts of the East India Company, 1749; died in Madras. His Mathematical Tracts (2 vols.) were published in 1761 by James Wilson.

[edit] Section 1187

George Henry Robins: '''George Henry Robins''' ([[1778]]-[[1847]]), auctioneer ; began to exercise his trade at the age of nineteen, and was in much request for fifty years through his ready wit and power of repartee: his most notable sale, that of Horace Walpole's collections at Strawberry Hill, 1842.
John Robins: '''John Robins''' ([[1500]]?-[[1558]]), astrologer: elected fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, 1520: made a canon of Christ Church, Oxford, 1532; M.A.; B.D., 1531; canon of Windsor, 1543; chaplain successively to Henry VIII and Queen Mary; left several astrological tracts in manuscript,
John Robins: '''John Robins''' (. [[1650]]-[[1662]]), ranter; a small farmer, sold his land and came to London, where he was known as the rantersgod and claimed power to raise the dead; thrown into Clerkeuwell prison, 1651; set at liberty in 1652 on recantation.
Sanderson Robins: '''Sanderson Robins''' ([[1801]]-[[1862]]), divine: M.A. Exeter College, Oxford, 1825: held several benefices in the south of England; a broad churchman; published pamphlets on education, advocating in his Letter to... Lord John Russell 1851, state education on the lines subsequently carried out in the act of 1870.
Anastasia Robinson: '''Anastasia Robinson''' , afterwards COUNTESS OF
Peterborough: '''Peterborough''' (d. [[1755]]), singer ; studied under Dr. Croft and Sandoni; performed on operatic stage, 17141724; married Lord Peterborough secretly, r. 1722, and publicly at Bristol, 1735; conducted a musical academy at Parson's Green.
Anthony Robinson: '''Anthony Robinson''' ([[1762]]-[[1827]]), Unitarian ; pastor of baptist church, Worship Street, London: sugar refiner in London, 1796; published historical and other writings..
Robinson: '''Robinson''' 1117
Robinson: '''Robinson'''
Bkn Robinson: '''Bkn Robinson''' .IAMIX ([[1666]]-[[1724]]). pn riMi minister at 1 Jmlrrii, 1 i,-v. Huii.-rfor.l. 1091, and Little St. Helen, Uii-hopsgute Street, London. 17m; le.-tiirtT;it S:ilt-r Hull, 17u5; puMiMiMi irrtl doctrine of Trinity.
Robinson: '''Robinson''' IlRYAX ([[1680]]-[[1754]]), physician; M.D. Trinity College, Dublin, 1711: prof.or.f"pi,-. fellow. 1712, and president, 171*. 17V7,:m,l l;;;,,.f King and yuccu College of pr.i.-tiw-l m Untilin; published mathematical and medical works.;
Sir Bryan Robinson: '''Sir Bryan Robinson''' ([[1808]]-[[1887]]X colonial judge: educated at Trinity College, DuMm to bar in NOT* Scotia, 18)1; master of chancery, 1834: Q.C. and member of executive council, 1843; puisne judge, 1858-78; knighted, 1877; died in England.
Sir Christopher Robinson: '''Sir Christopher Robinson''' ([[1766]] - 18MX admiralty lawyer; M.A. Magdalen College, Oxford, 1789: D.C.L., 1796: eutereil College of Advocate*, 1796; knighted and appointed king's advocate, 1809; tory M.I for Cullington, 1818-20; chancellor of diocese of London, ami judge of consistory court, 1821; judge of high court of admiralty, 1828; privy counclllorlBSS; published legal writings.
Clement Robinson: '''Clement Robinson''' (;f. [[1566]]-[[1684]]X song-writer; edited and probably contributed to A Boke of very pleasaunte Soncttes 1566 (not extant; reprinted, 15H4, with title, A HaiKlefull of pleasant Delltes).
Daniel George Robinson: '''Daniel George Robinson''' ([[1826]]-[[1877]]), colonel, royal engineers; studied at Addiscombe; first lu tiu-niint, Bengal engineers, 1847; appointed to Indian survey, 1850; licutenant-ooloncl, 1862; director-general of I ndia'n telegraphs, 1865; colonel, 1874; died at sea.
Frederick Johx Robinson: '''Frederick Johx Robinson''' , VISCOUNT GOPK-
Rich: '''Rich''' afterwards first EARL OF RIPON ([[1782]]-[[1859]]), son of Thomas Robinson, second baron Grantbam; educated at Harrow and St. John's College, Cambridge; M.A., 1802; entered Lincoln's Inn, 181)2; tory M. P. for Carlow borough, 1806, and Ripon, 1807: under-sivrctary fur colonies, 1809; lord of admiralty, 1810: privy councillor, 1812: joint paymaster-general of forces, 1813-17; introduced bill (which was passed) prohibiting importation of corn until average price of wheat in England should be 80. per quarter, 1815: chancellor of exchequer, 1823-7; obtained grant towards erection of building at British Museum to receive Royal Library, 1823; introduced extensive fiscal reforms; created Viscount Goderich, 1827; secretary for war, commissioner for Indian affairs, and leader of House of Lords, 1827: prime minister after Canning's death, August 1827; resigned, 1828: secretary for war and colonies, 1830; resigned and accepted post of lord privy seal, 1833; created Earl of Ripon, 1K33: resigned office, 1834; president of the board of trade, 1841; president of the board of control for Indian affairs, 1843-6; D.C.L. Oxford, 1839; F.BS., 1828.
Sir Frederick Philipse Robinson: '''Sir Frederick Philipse Robinson''' ([[1763]]1852), general; born near New York; ensign in loyal American regiment in war of independence, 1777; lieutenant, 38th foot, 1780; major, 127th foot, 1794; colonel, 1810; commanded brigade in Spain, 1812-14, and in Canada, 1814-16; major-general, 1814; commanded troops in Windward and Leeward island**, 1816-21; governor of Tobago: colonel, 69th regiment, 1827, and of 89th, 1840; G.C.B., 1838; general, 1841.
George Robinson: '''George Robinson''' ([[1737]] - [[1801]] X bookseller ; . worked before 1764 with Rivington the publisher.
Hastings Robinson: '''Hastings Robinson''' ([[1792]]-[[1866]]), divine : of Rugby and St. John's College, Cambridge; M.A., 1818; D.D., 1836; fellow and assistant-tutor, 1816-27: held living of Great Warley, 1827; honorary canon of Rochester, 1862; F.S.A., 1824; edited classical and other works.
Henry Robinson: '''Henry Robinson''' ([[1553]] 7-[[1616]]), bishop of Carlisle; M.A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1575; fellow, 1575; D.D., 1590; principal of St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, 15761681; provost of Queen's College, Oxford, 1581-98; bishop of Carlisle, 1598-1616; commissioner for ecclesiastical causes, 1599; entered Gray's Inn, 1601; took part la Hampton Court conference, 1603.
Hkxry Robinson: '''Hkxry Robinson''' 16U?-lt4 ?X c.-i...nn.-:tl miter;..f M..l-.l.nV..!!,,-. (,f,, n; fr.iman.,( MerceniCompany, 16M: comptroller for ale of royal laud*, 1669: published work* on economical quotient, and in hU controversial writing* opposed William Pry.
Roein: '''Roein''' 80N. IIKXRY CRABB (17T6-[[1867]]X diarist; articled as attorney at Colchester; entered office In London, 1796; travelled lu Germany and Bohemia, and met Ooetbe and Schiller, 1800-S; studied at Jena Unlrenity, 180*-*; Time correspondent at Alton*; foreign editor of Time*; special Time* in Peninsula, 1808-9; barrister, Uiddkt IMS; leader of the Norfolk be was a founder of the Atbciueum Club and of University College, London, and was acquainted with many notable persons of bis day: P&A- 1829; his Diary and Letters published posthumously.
Hercules Robinson: '''Hercules Robinson''' ([[1789]]- [[1864]] X admiral; brother of Sir Bryan Robinson; entered navr, 1800; lieutenant, 1807; nerved In Baltic and Atlantic: post captain, 1814; commander-in-chief regnhting fishery on Labrador coast, 1820; retired, 1846; vice-admiral, 1866; admiral, 1862.
Sir Hercules George Robert Robinson: '''Sir Hercules George Robert Robinson''' , first BARON ROSMKAD ( 1824-1 897X colonial governor: son of Hercules Robinson; educated at Sandhurst; first lieutenant, 87th mriment, 1844: retired, 1846; I president of Monteerrat, West Indies, 1854: lieutenantI governor of St. Christopher, 1855; governor of Hongkonv 1869-66, Ceylon, 1865-72, and New South Wales, 1872-9; negotiatal cession of Fiji Islands, 187 1: governor of New Zcalanl, 1879-80; governor of Cape Colony and high oommisslonar of South Africa, 1880-9: negotiated term* of peace with the Boers, 1881: came to England to assist in settling revised convention, 1884; obtained despatch of Sir Charles Warren V expedition, which resulted in annexation of Bechuanaland to British dominions, 1886, concluded treaty with Lobviigula, largely due to energy of Cecil Rhodes, 1888; created baronet, 1891; returned to South Africa as governor, 1895; negotiated (1896) at Pretoria for release of men who, without Robinson's sanction or knowledge, had raided (1895), under Dr. Jameson, the frontier of the South African republic: i English peerage, 18WJ; retired from governorship. 1H&7; knighted, 1K59; G.C.M.G., 1876; privy councillor, 1882.

[edit] Section 1188

Hugh Robinson: '''Hugh Robinson''' ([[1584]] 7-[[1655]]), divine; of Winchester and New College, Oxford: M.A., 1611; D.D. 1627; chief master of Winchester School, 1613-27; canon of Lincoln, 1625: archdeacon of Gloucester, 16S4: lost canonry and archdeaconry during civil war; took covenant aiul accepted from parliament living of Hint on; published educational works.
John Robinson: '''John Robinson''' (. [[1598]]X dl vine ; BJL and fellow. Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, 1654; M.A., 1657; porated at Ox font, 1663: president of St. John's College, Oxford, 1564-72; B.D., 1667; D.I). Cambridge, 168S; archdeacon of Lincoln, 1586; canon of Gloucester, 1694.
Jhn Robinson: '''Jhn Robinson''' ( [[1576]] ?-[[1625]]X pastor of the piVgrim fathers; probably studied at Cambridge: held a cure at Norwich, and is said to have held and been suspended from a U-iicficc in Norfolk; emigrated to Arnsterdain ami joined separatists, 1008; removed, with a section of the community, to Le.Mlen, and was ordained pastor, William Brewster being a ruling elder, 160; entered Leyden L'nivt -rsity, 1U15: *k r ned, with Brewster, 'seven articlespn-rntl to privy council detailing scheme for emigration to America, 1617; perhaps wrote address alleged to have been delivered on departure ol pilgrims in charge of Brewster, 1620; died at Leyden; published controversial works.
John Robinson: '''John Robinson''' ([[1617]]-[[1681]]), royalist ; of Christ Church, Oxford; entered Grny's Inn, 1637; lieutenantcolonel of royalist forces. 1643; deprived of estates by parliament: del to Isle of Man and France: returned on Restoration; M.P., Beaumaris, 1661-79; vice-admiral ol North Wales, 1666-81.
John Robinson: '''John Robinson''' ([[1650]]-[[1723]]X bishop of London ; M.A. Braseuose College, Oxford, 1684; fellow of Oriel
Robinson: '''Robinson''' 1118
Robinson: '''Robinson''' College, 1675-86: D.D. Lambeth, 1696, and Oxford, 1710; chaplain (c. 168(1) to Kiu'li-h embassy at Swedish court, where ho remained mon: than twenty-five years, and :isr absence of Philip Warwick, the envoy, filled aticcewlvely posts of resident and envoy extraordinary: ht-M benefice of Lastingham, 1607-1709; accompanied Charles XII to Narva, 1700; interpreter to Marlborough duriMi? negotiations with Sweden, 1707; returned to England, and was appointed dean of Windsor and of Wolverhampton and registrar of knights of Garter, 1709; bNhop of Bristol, 1710; governor of London Charterboose anil dean of Chapel Royal, London; lord privy seal, 1711; appointed first English plenipotentiary at peace conference at Utrecht, 1712, and was first to sign treaty, 1713; bishop of London, 1714-23; privy councillor, 1714; publi-hed sermons and an Account of Sneden (1695).
John Robinson: '''John Robinson''' ([[1715]]-[[1745]]), portrait-painter.
John Robinson: '''John Robinson''' ([[1682]]-[[1762]]), organist of Westminster Abbey, 1727 till death.
John Robinson: '''John Robinson''' ([[1727]]-[[1802]]), politician; articled to Richard Wordsworth, attorney, grandfather of the poet; practised as attorney in St. Lawrence, Appleby; entered Gray's Inn, 1759; tory M.P. for Westmoreland, 1784-74; secretary of treasury, 1770-82; M.P., Harwich, 1774-1802; D.O.L. Oxford, 1773; surveyor-general of woods and forests, 1787; mentioned inRolliad Probationary Odes and Junius's letters.
John Robinson: '''John Robinson''' , D.D. ([[1774]]-[[1840]]), divine ; master of Ravenstonedale grammar school, 1795-1818; held livings in Westmoreland, 1818-40; published scholastic and other works.
Robinson: '''Robinson''' Sm JOHN BEVERLEY, first barouet 1791-1863), chief-justice of Upper Canada; born at Berthier, Quebec; entered attorney's office; volunteer in militia in American war; clerk of house of assembly for Upper Canada, 1814; called to bar, c. 1815; solicitorgeneral, 1815: attorney-general, 1818; member of assembly; speaker of legislative council, 1828-40; chiefjustice of Upper Canada, 1829; C.B., 1850; created baronet, 1854; D.O.L. Oxford, 1855.
John Henry Robinson: '''John Henry Robinson''' ([[1796]]-[[1871]]), lineongraver; practised as portrait-engraver and book-illustrator; with eight other engravers petitioned House of Commons for investigation into state of the art of engraving in this country, 1836; A.R.A., 1856; R.A., 1867. fxlix 291
Mrs Robinson: '''Mrs Robinson''' . MARTHA WALKER ([[1822]]-[[1888]]), married the Rev. John Robinson, 1861; compiled, under maiden name (Freer) works on French history,
Mary Robinson: '''Mary Robinson''' ([[1758]]-1 [[800]]), known as 'Perdita ' ; actress, author, and mistress of George, prince of Wales (afterwards George IV); nte Darby; bora at Bristol and educated there and at Chelsea (where she afterwards kept a school with her mother) and Marylebone; became acquainted with Thomas Hull and David Garrick secretly married Thomas Robinson, 1774; imprisoned for debt in King's Bench prison; through Garrick's influence appeared successfully as Juliet at Drury Lane, London 1776; played Lady Anne in Richard III 1777, and other Shakespearean parts; attracted (1778) attention of Prince of Wales and became his mistress; deserted by prince; received pension from Fox; devoted herself to literature; produced several poems, plays, and stories, and is said to Lave taken part under various signatures in the Delia Crusoan literature. Her portrait was painted by Reynolds, Ilomney, Hoppner, Gainsborough, and others,
Mary Robinson: '''Mary Robinson''' (. [[1802]]), called 'Mary of Buttermere; a noted Cumberland beauty: was married under false pretences, by the impostor John Hatfield , 1802, and on account of the imposition practised upon her became the subject of numerous verses, dramas, ! tales,
Matthew Robinson: '''Matthew Robinson''' ([[1628]]-[[1694]]X divine and physician; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridire 1652fellow, 1650; held living of BurnSton, 1661-Sf iicenJd a* physician; published Annotations on New Testament 169U oynrsoir, NICHOLAS (t. im divine; M.A. ? 6 ? 5 Cambrid. 1551; fellow; D.D. 1666; 51-8; dean, 1578; university proctor, 1552; vice-president, 1561: subscribed Roman catholic article?, 1555; ordained, 1557; archdeacon of Merioneth, 1562; bishop of Bangor, 1666-85; supported protestant cause; took considerable interest in Welsh history and made translations from Welsh.
Nicholas Robinson: '''Nicholas Robinson''' ([[1697]]7-[[1775]]), physician : native of Wales; M.D. Rheims, 1718; practised in London; L.R.C.P., 1727; published medical works.
Peter Frederick Robinson: '''Peter Frederick Robinson''' ([[1776]]-[[1858]]), architect; F.S.A., 1826; one of first vice-president* of Institute of British Architects, 1835-9; published architectural works.
Ralph Robinson: '''Ralph Robinson''' ( ft. [[1551]]), translator ; M A. Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1544; fellow, 1542; liveryman of GoldsmithsCompany; clerk in service of Cecil (afterwards Lord Burghley); published translation of More'sUtopia 1651.
Ralph Robinson: '''Ralph Robinson''' ([[1614]]-[[1655]]), puritan divine; M.A. St. Catharine Hall, Cambridge, 1642; presbyterian minister of St. Mary Woolnoth, Lombard Street, London, c. 1642; imprisoned on charge of complicity in conspiracy of Christopher Love; pardoned.
Richard Robinson: '''Richard Robinson''' (fl. [[1574]]), servant in household of Earl of Shrewsbury. Published poetical writings.
Richard Robinson: '''Richard Robinson''' (fl. [[1576]]-[[1600]]), author and compiler; sometimes erroneously identified with preceding; freeman of LeathersellersCompany; co-operated vith Thomas Churchyard in translating Meteren's 'Historiffi Belgicae(1602), and published other works.
Richard Robinson: '''Richard Robinson''' , first BAROX ROKEDY in Irish peerage (1709-1794), divine; of Westminster and Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1733; B.D. and D.D., 1748: prebendary of York, 1738; chaplain to Duke of Dorset; lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 1751; bishop of Killala, 1752. of Leighlin and Ferns, 1769, aud Kildare, 1761; dean of Christ Church, Dublin, 1761; archbishop of Armagh, 1765; vice-chancellor of Dublin University; created Baron Rokeby of Armagh, 1777; first prelate of order of St. Patrick; a lord justice for Ireland, 1787; did much to beautify the town and cathedral of Armagh,
Robert Robinson: '''Robert Robinson''' ([[1735]]-[[1790]]), baptist minister and hymn-writer; joined Calvinists, 1755; assistantminister at Norwich Tabernacle, c. 1758; seceded and formed independent church in St. Paul's parish, Norwich; pastor of Stone Yard Baptist Chapel, Cambridge, 1761; published religious controversial and other works; wrote eleven hymns issued by Whitefleld, 1757.

[edit] Section 1189

Robert Robinson: '''Robert Robinson''' ([[1727]]? - [[1791]]), dissenting minister; educated at PlaisterersHall, London; minister at Old Chapel, Dukinfield, 1752-6, and at Dob Lane chapel, near Manchester, 1755-77; published several discourses.
Sir Robert Spenoer Robinson: '''Sir Robert Spenoer Robinson''' ([[1809]]-[[1889]]), admiral; entered navy, 1821: commander, 1838; held command in Channel fleet, 1850-2, and in Baltic, 1855: controller of navy, 1861-71; lord of admiralty, 1868-71; vice-admiral, 1866; civil K.C.B., 1868; admiral, 1871.
Samuel Robinson: '''Samuel Robinson''' ([[1794]]-[[1884]]), Persian scholar ; educated at Manchester New College (then at York); in business as cotton manufacturer successively at Manchester and Dukinfield; retired, 1860; president of Manchester New College, 1867-71; published translations from the German and Persian.
Sir Septimus Robinson: '''Sir Septimus Robinson''' ([[1710]]-[[1766]]), brother of Richard Robinson, baron Rokeby; of Christ Church, Oxford; served with French army, and subsequently with English in Flanders; lieutenant-colonel, 1754; knighted, 1760.
Robinson: '''Robinson''' Sm TANCRED (rf. [[1748]]), physician and naturalist; M.B. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1679: F.R.S., 1684; M.D. Cambridge, 1685; F.R.C.P., 1687, and censor, 1693 and 1717; physician-in-ordinary to George I, by whom he was knighted; contributed to Philosophical Transactions and wrote on natural history,
Thomas Robinson: '''Thomas Robinson''' (?. [[1520]]-[[1561]]). See ROBERT-
Son: '''Son'''
Robinson: '''Robinson''' liii
Robson: '''Robson'''
Thomas Robinson: '''Thomas Robinson''' (fl. [[1588]]-[[1603]]), IntenNt : .nd -oii'H.-tT: lxrn in Knirlainl: practised profession at court of Ivimiark; published u book of mu.-i 1603.
Thomas Robinson: '''Thomas Robinson''' (jl. 16M), pamphletn-r : probably studied at Cambridge; went to MM; entered English nunnery at Lisbon as secretary and maw-priest: publi.-lit-l in Guidon an account of the immoral practical of the inmates, 1623.
Thomas Robinson: '''Thomas Robinson''' ,,. in:.), Author: rector of Ousby, 1672-1719; published works on natural history.
Thomas Robinson: '''Thomas Robinson''' (,. [[1747]]), entered Lincoln'* Inn, 1730; published Common Law of Kent I'll.
Thomas Robinson: '''Thomas Robinson''' , lir-t BARON GRANTHAM (1695-1770X diplomatist: of Westminster and Trinity College, Cambridge: minor fellow, 1719: secretary to Kiiulish embassy at Paris, 1723; M.P. for Thirsk, 1727-34: one of the three English reprewntativea at congress of Soissons, 1728-9; ambassador at Vienna, 1730-48: represented England in negotiations with Maria Theresa and Frederick the Great, 1740-8; joint-plenipotentiary of England in peace negotiations of Aix-la-Chapelle, 1748; returned to England, 1748; one of lords commissioners of trade: M J M Christchurcb, 1748-61: privy councillor, 1750: secretary of state for southern department and leader of House of Commons, 1754-5: raised to peerage, 1761; xlix. joint postmaster-general, 1765-0.
Robinson: '''Robinson''' Sin THOMAS, first baronet ([[1700]]?1777), calledLong Sir Thomas colonial governor; brother of Richard Robinson, boron Rokeby; studied architecture in Greece and Italy: M.P., Morpeth, 1727; married Elizabeth, daughter of Charles Howard, third earl of Carlisle, and widow of Nicholas, lord Lechmere, 1728; created baronet, 1731; resided at Rokeby in the North Riding, Yorkshire; commissioner of excise, 1735-42; governor of Barbados, 1742-7; acquired shares in Ilanelagh Gardens, London, and became director of entertainments; practically made the Kokeby of which Scott wrote, but was compelled to dispose of it in 1769.
Thomas Robinson: '''Thomas Robinson''' , second BARON GRAXTHAM (1738-1786), eldest son of Thomas Robinson, first baron Grantliara; of Westminster and Christ's College, Cambridge; M.A.. 1757; M.P., Christchurch, 1761: secretary of British embassy to intended congress at Augsburg, 1761; commissioner of trade and plantations, 1766, and first commissioner, 1780-2: vice-chamberlain of household and privy councillor, 1770; ambassador at Madrid, 1771-9; foreign secretary, 1782 3.
Thomas Robinson: '''Thomas Robinson''' ([[1749]]-[[1813]]). divine: M.A. and fellow, Trinity College, Cambridge, 1776; vicar of St. Mary's, Leicester, 1778; published religious works.
Thomas Robinson: '''Thomas Robinson''' ([[1790]]-[[1873]]), divine ; educated at Rugby and Trinity College, Cambridge; MJL, 1816; M.A. Oxford, 1839; D.D., 1844: ordained priest, 1816; cliaplain to Reginald Heber, bishop of Calcutta, 1825; lord almoner's professor of Arabic, Cambridge, 1837-54: master of the Temple, 1845-69: rector of Therfleld, 1853-60; canon of Rochester, 1854: published Persian translation of Old Testament and other works.
Thomas Romney Robinson: '''Thomas Romney Robinson''' ([[1792]]-[[1882]]), astronomer; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1810; fellow, 1814; deputy-professor of natural philosophy. Trinity College, Dublin; in charge of Armagh Observatory, 1823: rector of Carrickmacross, 1824-82; prebendary of i?t. Patrick's, Dublin, 1872: member of nautical almanac committee, 1830; invented cup-anemometer, completed, 1846: F.R.A.S., 1830; P.R.S., 1856, and royal medallist, 1862: president, Royal Irish Academy, 1851-6; D.D., LL.D. (Dublin and Cambridge); D.O.L. (Oxford): wrote on astronomical, physical, and other subjects,
William Robinson: '''William Robinson''' (.. [[1768]]), architect and surveyor; published two technical architectural treatises.
William Robinson: '''William Robinson''' : ([[1720]]7-[[1775]]), architect: clerk of works to Greenwich Hospital, 1746; assisted ValH)le in executing the plans for Strawberry Hill, 1750-75; secretary to board of works.
William Robinson: '''William Robinson''' M[[726]]T-lfi3), friend of Thomas Gray the poet: educated at Westminster and St. John's College, Cambridge; fellow, 17:. held various livings.
Robinson: '''Robinson''' W I LLI AM ( [[1799]]- [[1839]]), portrmit-painter ; pupil of Kir Tboma* Lawrence
William Robinson: '''William Robinson''' ([[1777]]-[[1848]]). topographer and solicitor; barrister, Middle Temple, 1817; PJU., 1819: LL.D. Aberdeen, 1822: published &snl writing* !
William Robinson: '''William Robinson''' (.. Ift7o). reporter in the admiralty court: son of Sir Christopher Robinson: I".1. li.illi..! College, Oxford. 1X29; entered Cottage of Advocates, 1830; published reports.

[edit] Section 1190

Sir William Cleaver Francis Robinson: '''Sir William Cleaver Francis Robinson''' (1834-1897). colonial governor; brother of (Sir) Hercules Robinson, afterwards first baron Rosmead; held various administrative positions and was governor of I Island (whose political he assisted to bring about), 1870-3, Western Australia, Prince Edward Island i litieal union with Canada 1874-7, 1880-3, and 1890-6, Strait! Settlements, 1877-80, and Sooth Australia, 1883-9, and acting governor of Victoria, 1889; Q.O.M.G.,1887; published musical composition-.
Robinbon: '''Robinbon''' -MONTAOTT, HENRY, sixth BARON
Rokkry: '''Rokkry''' in Irish peerage ([[1798]]-[[1883]]), general; colonel,
Imc: '''Imc''' ; commanded division in Crimea; general, [[1869]]; succeeded to peerage, 1847; G.C.B., 1876.
Robinson: '''Robinson''' -MORRIS, MATTHEW, second BAKOV
Rokeby: '''Rokeby''' in Irish peerage ([[1713]]-18OO), son of Matthew Robinson; LL.B. Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 1734: fellow: M.P. for Canterbury, 1747 ami 1764; assumed name of Morris; succeeded his cousin, Ricluml Robinson, in title, 1794; published political pamphlet*,
Robinson: '''Robinson''' -MORRIS, MORRIS id. [[1829]]), nephew of preceding, whom he succeeded as third Baron Rokeby; published a political pamphlet.
Robi: '''Robi''' 80N, JOHN ([[1739]]-[[1805]]), scientific writer; M.A. Glasgow, 175G; appointed by board of longitude to make trial voyage to Jamaica in charge of John Harrison's chronometer, 1762: returned to Glasgow and became acquainted with James Watt; lecturer on chemistry, Glasgow, 176G; anticipated Mayer in discovery that law of force is approximately in inverse square, 1769: held, with rank of colonel, mathematical chair attached to sea cadet corps, St. Petersburg, 1772: professor of natural philosophy, Edinburgh, 1773: first general secretary. Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1783; published scientific works and contributed to Encyclopaedia Britannica
Sir John Robison: '''Sir John Robison''' ([[1778]]-[[1843]]), inventor; son of John Robison; educated at Edinburgh; entered service of nizam of Hyderabad as contractor for the establishment and maintenance of military service: left India, 1815: one of the foun.lers of Scottish Society of Arts, 1821, secretary, 1822-4, and president, 1841-2: knighted, 1838; invented many ingenious contrivances, and wrote extensively on scientific subject*,
John Robothom: '''John Robothom''' (. [[1654]]), divine; minister of Rnmbold's Wyke, e. 1648-51: preacher at Dover, 16*4: subsequently minister of Upminster, whence he was ejected, 1660; published religions works.
Rob: '''Rob''' 8AET, AMY ([[1532]]7-15GO). See DCOLKY, A MY i-:, LADY.
Charles Robson: '''Charles Robson''' ([[1598]]-[[1638]]X divine: M.A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1619; B.D.. 1G29 fellow, 1620-31; chaplain at Aleppo, 1624-:to: vicar of Holme-Cnltram, 1632-8; published account of journey to Aleppo (162H).
Edward Robson: '''Edward Robson''' ([[1763]]-[[1813]]), author; nephew of Stephen Robson; awwiate of Linnean Society, 1789; published botanical writings.
George Fexnell Robson: '''George Fexnell Robson''' ([[1788]]-[[1833]]X watercolour painter; exhibited at Royal Academy from 1807: president of Oil and Water-colour Society (now Royal Society of Painters in Water-colours), 1819-20.
Robson: '''Robson''' 1120
Rockstro: '''Rockstro'''
James Robson: '''James Robson''' ([[1733]]-lKoo), bookseller; entered (f 1749) shop of J. Brindlev, New Bond Strtvt, London, whom he succeeded 1769; high sheriff of Westminster, 1797* member of the BooksellersDining Club at the Sbakspeare Tavern.
Stephen Robson: '''Stephen Robson''' ([[1741]]-[[1779]]), botanist: linen manufacturer and grocer at Darlington: published botanical work*.
Thomas Frederick Robsoh: '''Thomas Frederick Robsoh''' (1H[[227]]-18G4). actor; his real name THOMAS Uonsox HUOWXHIM,; worked as copperplate engraver; joined acting profession and was engaged under House at Grecian Saloon, London, f. 1845; in Dublin, 1880- 3, playing Bottom in 1851; joined Olympic company, London, 1863; showed remarkable power in burlesque and farce, and in some serious parts; undertook with Emden management of Olympic, 1867. His most successful parts were in the Yellow Dwarf * (Blanche, 1864X Medea in BroughtMedea(1856), and Sampson Barr in the Porter's Knot (1858).
William Robson: '''William Robson''' ([[1786]]-[[1863]]), schoolmaster; published historical and other works and translations from Fmu-li.
John Roby: '''John Roby''' ([[1793]]-[[1860]]), organist: organist at independent chapel, Rochdale; managing partner in banking firm at Rochdale, 1819; retired, 1847; published poetical and other writings, including Traditions of Lancashire 1829 and 1831.
William Robt: '''William Robt''' ([[1766]]-[[1830]]), congregational divine: brother of John Roby; classical master at Bretherton grammar school, Lancashire; minister in Manchester, 1795-1830; published religious writings.
Simon Jacques Rochard: '''Simon Jacques Rochard''' ([[1788]]-[[1872]]), miniature-painter; born in Paris; patronised by Napoleon I and by court at Brussels; came to London, r. 1815; exhibited at Royal Academy, 1816-45; retired (1846) to Brussels, where he died.
Francois Theodore Rochard: '''Francois Theodore Rochard''' (d. [[1858]]), portrait-painter; brother of Simon Jacques Rocbard; exhibited at Royal Academy, 1820-55.
Sir Boyle Roche: '''Sir Boyle Roche''' , baronet ([[1743]]-[[1807]]), politician ; entered army; served in American war; obtained office in Irish revenue department, c. 1775; M.P. (Irish parliament) for Tralee, and subsequently for Qowran, 1777-83, Porturlington, 1783-90, Tralee, 1790-7, and Old Leighlin, 1798 till the union; created baronet, 1782; chamberlain to rice-regal court; rendered government great services in connection with volunteer convention of 1783; celebrated as a perpetrator of bulls

[edit] Section 1191

David Roche: '''David Roche''' , VISCOUNT FKRIIOY ([[1573]] ?-[[1635]]), succeeded to title, 1600; loyal during the rebellion of Hugh O'Neill, second earl of Tyrone; rewarded by James I.
Eugenius Roche: '''Eugenius Roche''' ([[1786]]-[[1829]]), journalist; born in Paris; came to London, c. 1804; engaged in several unsuccessful journalistic enterprises: editor of the Day 1810, later ofNational Register and (c. 1813) of the Morning Post
James Roche: '''James Roche''' ([[1770]]-[[1853]]), the 'Roecoe of Cork'; born at Oork; wine merchant at Bordeaux; left France, 1797; established (1800) bank at Cork, which suspended payment, 1819; commercial and parliamentary agent for counties Cork, Youghal, and Limerick, 1819-26; local director at Cork of National Bank of Ireland, 1832-53; contributed to magazines under initials essays on literary topics which evinced much literary taste.
Maurice Roche: '''Maurice Roche''' , VISCOUNT FERMOY ([[1595]]?1GCO ?), rebel sou of David Roche, viscount Fermoy; imprisoned in Dublin for papistical inclinations, 1624; outlawed for share In rebellion, 1643; excepted from pardon, 1M8, his estates being sequestrated,
Michael Dk La Roche: '''Michael Dk La Roche''' (Jt. [[1710]]-[[1731]]), French protestant refugee; engaged in literary work in London: ronducted periodical Memoirs of Literature 1710-14 and 1717; edited (1717-19) Bibliotheque Angloise (a periodical written in French and published at Amsterdam), and subsequently other periodicals.
Philip Roche: '''Philip Roche''' (d. [[1798]]), Irish rebel; Roman tholic, priest at Poulpearsay, co. Wexford; joined rebels before battle of Tubbcmeering, 4 June 1798; elected com nminlcr of rebels at Slyeeve-Keelter, near New Itos; capturl after battle of Vinegar Hill, and hanged.
Mrs Roche: '''Mrs Roche''' . UEGINA MARIA ri[[764]]V-l46), novelist: born in Ireland of parents named Dalton; published (1793-1834) sixteen novels, includingChildren of the Abbey 1798. "
Robert Roche: '''Robert Roche''' ([[1576]]-[[1629]]), poetaster; B.A. Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1699; vicar of Hilton, 1617-29; published didactic doggerel verse.
John Thomas Rochead: '''John Thomas Rochead''' ([[1814]]-[[1878]]), architect; practised in Glasgow, 1841-70.
Peter Des Roches: '''Peter Des Roches''' (d. [[1238]]).
Earls of Rochester: '''Earls of Rochester''' . See WILMOT, HKMIY, first EARL, 1612 ?-1658; WILMOT, JoHN,sec*ond KAH i., 16471680; HYDE, LAURENCE, first EARL of the Hyde family. 1641-1711.
Countess of Rochester: '''Countess of Rochester''' (d. [[1725]]). See HYDE,
Jane: '''Jane'''
Viscount Rochester: '''Viscount Rochester''' (d. [[1645]]). See CARR,
Robert: '''Robert''' afterwards EARL OF SOMERSET.
Sir Robert Rochester: '''Sir Robert Rochester''' ([[1494]]7-[[1557]]), comptroller of the household to Queen Mary; attached to Princess Mary's household, of which he managed the finances, 1647, and was appointed comptroller, 1551; imprisoned for refusing to carry the council's orders to Mary forbidding mass in her household, 1551-2; K.B. and comptroller of the royal household 1553; knight of the shire for Essex, 1563-5; chancellor of duchy of Lancaster, 1654; on royal commission for treaty regarding Queea Mary's marriage with Philip II of Spain.
Solomon Dk Rochester: '''Solomon Dk Rochester''' (d. [[1294]]), judge ; took orders; justice in eyre for Middlesex, 1274, Worcestershire, 1275, and subsequently for Essex and other counties; dismissed and fined for maladministration of justice and corruption, 1289; prebendary of St. Paul's Cathedral; probably died by poison.
Earls of Rochford: '''Earls of Rochford''' . See ZUYLESTEIN, WILLIAM
Henry: '''Henry''' first EARL, [[1645]]-[[1709]]; ZUYLESTEIN, WILLIAM
De Nassau: '''De Nassau''' , second EARL, [[1681]]-[[1710]] ; ZUYLESTEIN,
Nassau De Frederick: '''Nassau De Frederick''' , third EARL, [[1682]]-[[1738]] ; ZUYLE-
William Henry Stein: '''William Henry Stein''' , fourth EARL, [[1717]]-[[1781]].
Viscount Rochford: '''Viscount Rochford''' (d. [[1536]]). See BOLEYX,
George: '''George'''
Sir John De Rochford: '''Sir John De Rochford''' (.?. [[1390]]-[[1410]]), mediicval writer; knighted before 1386: accompanied Henry IV to Wales, 1405; wroteNotabilia extracta... de vipinti uno libris Flavii Josephi (finished, 1406).

[edit] Section 1192

Robert Rochfokt: '''Robert Rochfokt''' ([[1652]]-[[1727]]), Irish judge: recorder of Londonderry, 1680; joint-commissioner for great seal, 1690; attorney-general of Ireland, M.P., co. Westmeath, and speaker of the Irish House of Common::, 1695; chief baron of exchequer, 1707-14; friend of Swift.
Simon Rochfort: '''Simon Rochfort''' (tl. [[1224]]), first English bishop of Meath, 1194; one of judges in suit for possession of body of Hugh de Lacy (d. 1186)
Daniel Rock: '''Daniel Rock''' ([[1799]]-[[1871]]), ecclesiologist; educated at St. Edmund's College, near Ware, and at English College, Rome; ordained priest, 1824; D.D.; engaged onLondon mission 1825-7; priest of Roman catholic congregation of Buckland, 1840-54; one of first canons of Southwark Cathedral, 1852; published religious and archaeological works.
Buckingham: '''Buckingham''' second MARQUIS OK ([[1730]]-[[1782]]).
Rockinoham: '''Rockinoham''' first BARON ([[1584]]-[[1653]]). See
Sir Lewis Watson: '''Sir Lewis Watson''' .
Edmund Rockray: '''Edmund Rockray''' (d. [[1597]]), puritan divine; M.A. QueensCollege, Cambridge, 1564; B.D., 1670; fellow, c. 1560; canon of Rochester, 1577; suspended for nonconformity, 1584-8.
William Smith Rockstro: '''William Smith Rockstro''' ([[1823]]-[[1895]]), musician; pupil of Mendelssohn, Hauptman, ami Plaidy; studied at Leipzig, 1845-6; pianist, teacher, and composer in London; devoted his attention to musical archaeology and ecclesiastical music; teacher of counterpoint oiul
Rodd: '''Rodd''' 1121
Roebuck: '''Roebuck''' plain-song in Royal College of Music, 1831: published General History of Music 1886. Amon* his best compositions la the madrigal too cruel fair (1883) in tb manner of Palestrina.
Edward Hearle Rodd: '''Edward Hearle Rodd''' ([[1810]]-[[1880]]), ornithologist; qualified us solicitor, 1832: practised In partnership, 1833-78, at Penzance; published works on ornithology.
Horatio Rodd: '''Horatio Rodd''' (fl. [[1859]]), brother of Thomas Rodd the younger, with whom he was In partnership; subsequently picture-dealer and priuUcller In London; published miscellaneous writings.
Thomas Rodd: '''Thomas Rodd''' , the elder ([[1763]]-[[1829]]), bookseller; educated at Charterhouse School, London, and in France; opened bookseller's shop in London, retiring 1821; published poetical and other writings.
Thomas Rodd: '''Thomas Rodd''' , the younger ([[1796]]-[[1849]]), bookseller: son of Thomas Rodd the elder, whom 1* assisted; carried on the business from 1821; published miscellaneous writings.
Robert Roddam: '''Robert Roddam''' ([[1719]]-[[1808]]), admiral : entered navy, 1735; lieutenant, 1741: commander. 1746; poutcaptain, 1747; serred successively in North Sea, at New York, and in the West Indies, where he was captured by French, 1757; exchanged, 1759; rear-admiral of white, 1778; commnnder-in-chief at Nore; admiral of the blue, 1793; senior admiral of the red.
Earls of Roden: '''Earls of Roden''' . See JOCRLTV, ROBERT, flrst
Earl: '''Earl''' [[1731]]-[[1797]] ; JOCKLYJ?. RORKRT, third EARL, [[1788]]1870.
William Thomas Roden: '''William Thomas Roden''' ([[1817]]-[[1892]]), engraver and portrait-painter.
Thk Great Roderic: '''Thk Great Roderic''' (d. [[877]]).
Roderic: '''Roderic''' O'CONNOR ([[111]] 6 7-[[1198]]).
Richard Roderick: '''Richard Roderick''' (*. [[1756]]), critic and versifier ; M.A. QueensCollege.- Cambridge, 1736; F.R.S., 1750: F.S.A., 1752; coadjutor of Thomas Edwards (1699-1757) (q. v. in Canons of Criticism
Rode: '''Rode''' 8, FRANCIS ([[1530]] 7-[[1588]]), judge : educated at St John's College, Cambridge; barrister, Oray's Inn, 1552; raised to degree of coif, 1578; justice of common pleas, 1*85; took part in trial of Mary Queen of Scots, 1586.
Alexander Rodger: '''Alexander Rodger''' ([[1784]]-[[1846]]), minor poet; aou of a farmer at Mid-Calder, Midlothian; worked successively as silversmith at Edinburgh and handloom weaver at Glasgow; joined staff of Spirit of the Union a seditious weekly paper at Glasgow; imprisoned as suspected person; on staff of Glasgow Chronicle c. 1832, and subsequently of the Reformer's Gazette; published poetical writings.
John Rodinoton: '''John Rodinoton''' (d. [[1348]]), Franciscan of convent of Stamford; D.D. Oxford; provincial minister of order in England; left manuscripts.
George Brydges Rodney: '''George Brydges Rodney''' , first BARON RODNEY 1719-1792), admiral: educated at Harrow; entered navy as volunteer per order, 1732; captain, 1742; in Nprth Sea, 1744; took part in defeat of French under L'Etenduere, 1747; governor of Newfoundland, 1748-52; rear-admiral, 1759; bombarded and blockaded Havre, 1759 and 1760; oimnander-in-chief on Leeward Islands station, 1761; reduced Martinique and took possession of St. Lucia, Grenada, and St. Vincent, 1762: baronet, 1764: governor of Greenwich Hospital, 1765-70; M.P., 1751; M.P., Northampton, 1768; held command at Jamaica, 1771-4; rear-admiral, 1771; being in pecuniary difficulties owing to his pay being in arrears, lived at Paris, 1775-8; admiral, 1778; defeated Spanish off Cape St. Vincent, and was nominated extra K.B., 1780: proceeded to West Indies and took command of fleet on Leeward Islands station: foii'ht indecisive battle off Martinique with French under jriiichen; seized St. Eustatiu*, 1781; resigned command, owing to ill-health, to Sir Samuel (afterwards Viscount) Hood, 1781: rejoined Hood, 1782: defeated Frvm h under De Grasse off Dominica, received thanks of parliament, and was raised to peerage as Baron Rodney of Stoke-Rodney. Hi? portrait was painted by Reynolds and Gainsborough.

[edit] Section 1193

Rodney: '''Rodney''' JoHN ([[1765]]-[[1847]]), chief secretary to government of Ceylon: ton of George Brydffe* Rodney, flrst baron Rodney; studied at Royal Academy, Port* mouth; served under hU father at St. Vincent and in other engagement*; lieutenant, commander, and captain. 1780: Io*t his kv owing to an accident, 179*. and WM superseded; chief secretary to government of Ceylon. 1803-3J. r xlix. 86
George Herbert Buonaparte Rodwkll: '''George Herbert Buonaparte Rodwkll''' (1800-1852). author and musician; pupil of Vincent Xovello and Sir Henry Bishop; professor of harmony and composition at Royal Academy of Mosie, 1828; proprietor of Addphi Theatre, London. 1825: director of music at Covent Garden Theatre. London, IBM; composed dramatic piece* and songs, and published work* on music, and other writings.
Rodwe: '''Rodwe''' 1L, JOHN MBDOWS ([[1808]]-[[1900]]), orientalist ; M.A. Gonville and Caiiw College, Cambridge, 1831; honorary fellow. 1886: rectorof St. Peter's, Saffron Hill, London, 1836-43; held rectory of St. Bthelburga, Bishopsgate, London, 1843 till death, bat retired from residential duty, e. 1878; translated the Koran Into English, 1861. fSuppL iiL 303
George Hamilton Roe: '''George Hamilton Roe''' ([[1796]]-[[1873]]). physician; M.I). Kdinhurgh. 1821: L.R.C.P. London, 1828; IfJL and M.I). (1827) Trinity College, Dublin: incorporated M.D. Oxford, 1828; F.R.C.P., 1838: physician to Westminster Hospital, 1825-54; Harveian orator, Royal College of Surgeon*, 185G, and conciliarius, 1864, 1865, and 1866. xlix. 881
John Septimus Roe: '''John Septimus Roe''' ([[1797]]-[[1878]]), explorer; educated at Christ's Hospital, London; midshipman, 1813: accompanied Captain F. P. King in expeditions to northwest coast of Australia, 1818 and 1821; served In Burmese war, 1825-7; surveyor-general of Western Australia, 1828r. 1870; member of executive and legislative council of the colony; F.L.S., 1828.
Richard Roe: '''Richard Roe''' (. [[1853]]), author ; probably B.A. Dublin, 1789: took holy orders; published New System of Shorthand poetical and other works.
Sir Thomas Roe: '''Sir Thomas Roe''' ([[1681]] 7-[[1644]]), ambassador: commonerof Magdalen College, Oxford, 1693; esquire of the body to Queen Elizabeth during hut years of reign; knighted, 1605; sent by Henry, prince of Wales, on voyage of discovery in search of gold to West Indies and South America, 1610-1 1, and twice subsequently; served in Netherlands, 1613; M.P., Taniworth, 1614; carried out successful mission as lord ambassador to court of Jehanglr, Mogul emperor of Hindustan, with object of arranging commercial treaty, 1615-18, and laid foundation of greatness of British India: visited Persia on homeward journey: as ambassador to Ottoman Porte, 1621-8, secured privileges of English merchants and improved relations between England and Algiers; succeeded in attaching Bethlen Gabor, prince of Transylvania, to the protestant alliance; mediated successfully between kings of Sweden and Poland, 1629-30: chancellor of order of Garter, 1637; ambassador in negotiations with imperial, French, and Swedish plenipotentiaries for settlement of terms of general peace, 1638-42; privy councillor and M.P. for Oxford university, 1640; ambassador extraordinary at Vienna, 1642-3: left diplomatic memoirs and correspondence (part published X
John Roebuck: '''John Roebuck''' ([[1718]]-[[1794]] X Inventor; studied chemistry and medicine at Edinburgh: M.D. Leyden, 1742; established a chemical laboratory at Birmingham; invented improved methods of refining precious metals and several improvements in processes for production of chemicals, including manufacture of sulphuric acid: established manufactory of sulphuric acid at Preston pans, 1749; formed company for manufacture of iron on river Carron, Stirlingshire, r. 1760, the Carron manufactory subsequently becoming famous for production of ordnance (hence name canronade), and in 1762 patented a process of iron manufacture Involving the use of pit coal; lost large sums of money owing to lack of success with coal-mines and salt-works leased at Borrowstounness, Linlithgowshlre, where he was afterwards employed by his creditors as manager; member of I loyal Societies of London and Edinburgh; friend and patron of James Watt.
John Arthur Roebuck: '''John Arthur Roebuck''' ([[1801]] -[[1879]] X politician; grandson of John Roebuck; bom at Madras; 4c
Roebuck: '''Roebuck''' irj-2
Rogers: '''Rogers''' 1 in Canada: barrister. Inner Temple, 1831: joined i circuit; Q.C. and bencher of his inn, 1K43: airent j England for bouse of assembly of Lower Canada, IMS; M.P.. Bath. 1882-7 and 1841-7; published weekly pamphlet* supporting his political views as anindependent member: member of Reform Club, 18:16-64; M.I., Sheffield, 1849-68 and 1874-9: moved, 1865, for committee j-.iiry into conduct of Crimean war, with result that Aberdeen's government resigned and Palmerston, whosuccceded as premier, appointed Sebastopol committee, with Roebuck as chairman: chairman of Administrative 11. form Association, 1866; a supporter of Lord Beaeonslield's policy, 1877-9; privy councillor, 1878; published political works.
Thomas Roebuck: '''Thomas Roebuck''' ( [[1781]]-1 81 9), orientalist ; cadet in Ea*t India Company's service, 1801; captain. 1815; published works in or relating to Hindustani and Persian.
Pieter Van Roestraten: '''Pieter Van Roestraten''' ([[1627]]-[[1700]]), painter; born at Haarlem, Holland: worked successfully in England as painter of portraits and still life.
James Roettiers: '''James Roettiers''' ([[1663]]-[[1698]]), medallist ; son of John Roettiers, whom he assisted at the mint; assistant-engraver, 1690-7.
James Roettiers: '''James Roettiers''' ([[1698]]-[[1772]]), medallist : son of James Hoettiers (1663-1698); engraver-general of Low Countries, 1783-73.
James Roettiers: '''James Roettiers''' ([[1707]]-[[1784]]), medallist and goldsmith; son of Norbert Roettiers; engraver of mint* to Pretender, 1727.
Roettier Roettiers: '''Roettier Roettiers''' , or ROTIER, JOHN (1631-1703), medallist: perhaps born at Antwerp; engraver at mint, 1661: appointed one of chief engravers, 1662: assisted at different periods by Joseph, James, and Norbert, his sons: produced medals commemorating Restoration nnd official coronation medals for James II and William and Mary; removed from office owing to theft by labourers of dies for coins, 1697.
Norbert Roettiers: '''Norbert Roettiers''' ([[1665]] ?-[[1727]]), medallist; son of John Hoettiers: official assistant-engraver at mint, K.9U: attached himself to Stuarts at St. Germain,. li.i:: appointed engraver to mint by James Kdward, the Old Pretender, lor whom he made English and Scottish coins inscribed James III und James VIII; engraver-general of French mint, 1703.
Ok Brktecil Roger: '''Ok Brktecil Roger''' , EARF. OF HEREFORD ( . [[1071]]1075).
Pk Montgomery Roger: '''Pk Montgomery Roger''' , EART, OF SHREWSBURY AXO AitrxnKT, (d. 1093?), son of Roger the Great, who was cousin of William the Conqueror, Ralph de Mortimer ; trusted supporter of Duke William; fought at Domf ront, 1048 contributed sixty ships for English invasion, which he accompanied: returned to Normandy, 1067, and was left as guardian of the duchy jointly with Matilda; obtained earldom of Shrewsbury, 1071; founded Shrewsbury Abbey 1083-7; secretly supported Robert against William Riif u but fought with William Rufus atRochester, Iu88 became monk at Shrewsbury; built many castles on the elsh borders; benefactor to the monks.
Tub Poitkvix Roger: '''Tub Poitkvix Roger''' (. [[1088]]-[[1102]]), earl of Lancn* fcr; MIII of Roger de Montgomery; fought against William Unfa* at Rochester, 1088, but was afterwards 'to favour; joined his brother, Robert of Belleme against Henry I, 1102; expelled from England.
Roger: '''Roger''' Bn;on (. [[1107]]), founder of the 'house" 1 of I "trod in England afUr the Conquest: endowed by 1079 with the forfeited estates of Ralph de Guader, earl of Norfolk; appears in Domesday as holdin ir six lordships in Essex and 117 in Suffolk; received from Henry I gift of Framlingham, which became nrinci- I pal stronghold of himself and descendant*.
Infaxh Roger: '''Infaxh Roger''' Of. [[1124]]), chronologer : wrote, c. [[1124]], n inetliod of computing the calendar.
of Salisbury Roger: '''of Salisbury Roger''' (. [[1139]]), called ROOEB THE
Rkat: '''Rkat''' ; originally a priest near Caen ; entered service of Hoary I a oteward; chancellor, 1101; appointed bishop I * l* bu iry. 1102, but not consecrated till 1107; justiciar; took Stephen's side, 1135, and contributed largely to his Mtinm-d as justiciar, and exercised great inmienci- over government of kingdom, and consequently excited enmity of barons of his party: summoned l. .-tcphen to Oxfonl and arrested. 1189; his castles surrendered and his power curtailed. He renewal and adorned the cathedral of Salisbury and built seeral castles, iueludii.p Devizes. The administrative system of secular government was remodelled under his direction. xlix. in:

[edit] Section 1194

Roger: '''Roger''' I'AU'Kii (Jl. [[1139]]), chancellor; son ot Rog,.of Salisbury; chancellor to King Stephen till li:;x
of Ford Roger: '''of Ford Roger''' (. [[1170]]), called also Roger Gostum Gustum, and Roger of Citeaux; Cistercian monk of Fonl, Devonshire; wrote Account of Revelations of St Elizabeth of Schonau and other works.
of Hkhkford Roger: '''of Hkhkford Roger''' (fl. [[1178]]), writer on mathematics and judicial astrology; probably educated at ambridge.
Roger: '''Roger''' (. [[1179]]), divine: son of Robert, earl of Gloucester (rf. 1147); cousin of Henry II, who appointed him bishop of Worcester, 1163: one ot bishopcharged to- convey to Pope Alexander III Henry II.appeal against Archbishop Thomas Becket; denounced for supporting Thomas, whom he followed into exile; contrived to regain in some measure Henry II's favour, whilecontinuing his friendship with Thomas; sent, after inurder of Thomas, to intercede in Henry IPs behalf with the legate, Archbishop William of Sens, and afterwardswith Pope Alexander III, 1171; died at Tours.
of Poxt Roger: '''of Poxt Roger''' IEVECE (rf. [[1181]]), archbishop of York;Neustrian scholar, brought up in court of Theobald, archbishop of Canterbury; one of KingStephen's chaplains; sent by King Stephen on mission toRome, 1152; archbishop of York, 1154: present at conn cil of Tours, 1163; joinel Henry II in contest with Thomas Becket, archbishop of Canterbury; papal legate in England, 1164; performed coronation ceremony for Henry II's son, 1170, in spite of Becket's protests nnd express orders of Pope Alexander III; was probably ultimately responsible for murder of Becket; obtained decision in Lateran council, 1179, that no profession of obedience was due from York to Canterbury; legate for Scotland, 1180; excommunicated William the Lion for contumacy, 1181; buried at York.
of Hovedex Roger: '''of Hovedex Roger''' or HOWPEN (rf. [[1201]] ?). See
Hovedkx: '''Hovedkx'''
Roger: '''Roger''' (rf. [[1202]]), bishop of St Andrews : son of Robert de Beaumont, third carl of Leicester (rf. 1190 ; high chancellor of Scotland, 1178-89: clectol bishop of St Andrews, 1189, and consecrated, 1198: perhaps abbot of Melrose.
of Croyland Roger: '''of Croyland Roger''' (1. [[1214]] ?), prior of Pro=ton. c. 1213; revised (1213) a life of Becket made by an Kveslnu. monk. "
De Wkxdovkr Roger: '''De Wkxdovkr Roger''' (. [[1236]]). Pee WKXDOVKH.J
De Wksham Roger: '''De Wksham Roger''' or WESEHAM (. [[1257]]). See-'
Ham Wes: '''Ham Wes''' .
Dk Thuruilbi Roger: '''Dk Thuruilbi Roger''' (d. [[1260]]). See Tnuu K1UU.
Dk Leybol Roger: '''Dk Leybol Roger''' 'RXE (. [[1271]]). See LEYUOUHM-:.!
of Wat Roger: '''of Wat Roger''' .TIIAM (t. [[1336]]), clerk in service of Antony Bek (d. 1310), bishop of Durham; prebendary of St Paul's, London, 131(5; keeper of Edward II V wardrobe, 1322-3; wrote philosophical and other works.
of Chkste Roger: '''of Chkste Roger''' :I (. [[1339]]).
of St Roger: '''of St Roger''' . ALRANS (. [[1450]]), Carmelite friar in London: wrote genealogical table showing descent of Henry VI from Adam.
Benjamin Rogers: '''Benjamin Rogers''' ([[1014]]-[[1098]]), musician : chorister of St. George's Chapel. Wind.-or; organist of Christchurch Cathedral, Dublin, 1639-41; driven away by Iri-h rebellion, 1641; lay clerk of St. George's Chapel, Windsor, 1660; organist to Eton College, 166:: inform.,tor choristarum, Magdalen College, Oxford, 1665-85: M 11 -. Doc. Oxford, 1669; composed several services and other church music, besides glees and songs.
Boger: '''Boger''' 8 1123
Rogers: '''Rogers'''
Tha Rogers: '''Tha Rogers''' .tUS ([[1711]]-[[1784]]), art collator m custom house, 1731;,-1,-rk nf certificate, 1 175-2; F.U.S., 1757. Cull.s-toi work-i 01 art, incladinK pictures, prints,:m,l illuimnut.-.l maun,, ri;. Ins death, jius-ol to Willhini Cotton. ultimately bequeathed to tti- Plymouth I'n.Library; published collection of ungnn drawings, aud other works. xlix.
Charles Rogers: '''Charles Rogers''' ([[1825]]-[[1890]]), Scottish authoreducated at St. Andrews, and was licensed by the 1 8 ! tribution of tracts, the Grampian Club, 1868, for issue of Scottish antiquarian work*, and claimed to Royal Historical Society ( IK;, of which he was secretary and historiographer till 1880; D.D. St. Andrews, 1881: wrote and edited miscellaneous work*.
Daniel Rogers: '''Daniel Rogers''' ([[1538]] 7-[[1591]]), diplomatist; son of John Rogers (1600 ?-1555): born nt Wittenberg; came to England, 154H: naturalised, 1652; studied at Wittenberg aud Oxfonl ( B.A., 1561): secretory of fellowship of English merchants at Antwerp, 1575; engaged in diplomatic business in Low (ountrie*, 1676-8; went on mission to Duke of Saxony, 1580, but wan arrested on imperial territory and imprisoned till c. 1584; clerk of privy council, 1587.
Daniel Rogers: '''Daniel Rogers''' ([[1573]]-[[1652]]), divine; M.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1599: fellow, 1600-8; strongly advocated puritanism: successively minister of Haversham, and lecturer at Wethersfleld; suspended by Laud, 16*9; published religious works from the Calvlnlstic standpoint.
Sir Edward Rogers: '''Sir Edward Rogers''' ([[1498]] 7-[[1567]] ?),quire f body to Henry VIII: M.P., Somerset, 1553, 1558, 1559, and 1503-7; knighted, 1649; abroad during Queen Mary reign; vice-chamberlain, captain of guard, ami privy councillor, 1558; comptroller of household, 1560-5.

[edit] Section 1195

Ezkkiel Rogers: '''Ezkkiel Rogers''' ([[1584]]?-[[1661]]), divined* son 3 of Richard Rogers (16507-1618); M.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1604; private chaplain: held living of Rowley; suspended for puritauism; emigrated to New England, 1638; pastor of township of Rowley, established by fellow colonists.
Francis James Newman Rogers: '''Francis James Newman Rogers''' ([[1791]]-[[1851]]), legal writer; educated at Eton and Oriel College, Oxford; M.A., 1815; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1816, and Inner Temple, 1820: K.O., 1837: deputy judge-ad vocate-general, 1842; published legal works.
Frederic Rogers: '''Frederic Rogers''' , BAROX BLACHFORD ([[1811]]1889), educated at Eton and Oriel College, Oxford, where he was intimate with Fronde and John Henry Newman; Craven scholar, 1829; MA., 1835; B.O.L., 1838; fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, 1833; ban-inter, Lincoln's Inn, 1831; Vineriau scholar, 1834, and fellow, 1840; in sympathy with and (1845) contributor to the tractarian movement; one of founders of Guardian newspaper, 1846; registrar of joint-stock companies, 1844; commissioner of lauds and emigration; permanent undersecretary of state for colonies, 1H60-71; G.C.M.G., 1883; privy councillor, 1871; raised to peerage, 1871.
George Rogers: '''George Rogers''' ([[1618]]-[[1697]]), physician; M.A. Lincoln College, Oxford, 1641; M.B., 1642; M.D. Padua, where he became English consul; incorporated M.D. Oxford, 1648; practised in London from c. 1U54: F.R.O.P., 1664, and president, 1688.
Henry Rogers: '''Henry Rogers''' ([[1585]] 7-[[1658]]), divine : M.A. Jesus College, Oxford, 1608; D.D., 1637; prebemlury of Hereford, 1616; deprived by parliamentarians, 1645; publihed theological works.
Henry Rogers: '''Henry Rogers''' ([[1806]]7-[[1877]]), 'Edinburgh' reviewer and Christian apologist; apprenticed as surgeon; entered congregationalist ministry, 1829; lecturer on rhetoric and logic, Highbury College, 1832; professor of English language and literature, University College, London, 1836, and of English, mathematics, and mental philosophy, Spring Hill College, Birmingham, 1839; began connection with Edinburgh Review 1839. Contributed - Tbe Eclipse of Faith 18M.a piece of clever dialectic*, which achieved Urge popularity,
Isaac Rogers: '''Isaac Rogers''' ([[1764]]-[[1819]]), watchmaker ticed in.man of Oloekmakers 1776; ma-u-r. 1824; member of Levant MK'n. lUro rsfkUi it,,.
Jambs Edwin Th Rogers: '''Jambs Edwin Th Rogers''' UnU (IBM-jaw). t.rai economist: of Kin**" College, London, and i:ii-. Hall, oxfort: MJL, 1*9: enrate of 8t Company. pany; de Oxford: abandoned clerical profession; first Tooke hMrd rtB*MisaM! MM&H -:,.,-. * London. 1869-90; Drummond jiiaftsiM economy, Oxford, 18S1-T; t Tooke proing's College, of political economy, orcester College, Oxford, 1888: reected mmoud professor, 1888; published works on economic. economic history, Including History of Agriculture Prices (6 vols.), 1866-87. . u.loptoi; Clerical Disabilities Belief Act, of which he was first to avail himself, 1870; engaged in political agitation; M.P., southwark, 1880-5, Bennondse v, 1886-: lecturer in poUU cal economy, Worcester College, Oxford, 1888: rejected Drummoud and and Prices
John Rogers: '''John Rogers''' ([[1600]]7-15M), martyr: B.A. Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, 1626; rector of Holy Trinity. London, 1532-4; chaplain to English merchant adventurers at Antwerp, 1534; became intimate with Tindal, was converted to protestantism, and took charge of protestant congregation at Wittenberg, c. 1537; supplied with prefatory matter and marginal notes and for publication Tindal's version of the bibl,-, lished at Antwerp, 1637, known as Matthew's dedication being signed with pseudonym, Thomas thf.v; rector of St. Margaret Moyses, London, and vicar of St. Sepulchre, London, 1650; prebendary of St. Paul's, London, 1551: divinity lecturer at St. Paul's, London; temporarily suspended for declining to conform to ordinances respecting vestments; deprived of emolument* of his benefices for preaching against popery, 1563; imprisoned in Newgate, 1664; sentenced to death as heretic, 1666; burnt at Smithfield, the first victim of the Marian persecution.
John Rogers: '''John Rogers''' ([[1640]]7-[[1603]]?), diplomatist; son of John Rogers (15007-1556); born at Wittenberg; came to England, 1548; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1567; fellow; LL.D., 1674: joined College of Advocates, 1574; M.P., Warebam, 1585, 1586, and 1689; chanc.-ilor of Wells Cathedral, 1596-1603; employed on several diplomatic missions abroad.
John Rogers: '''John Rogers''' ([[1572]] 7-[[1636]] X puritan divine; educated at Cambridge; vicar of Dedham, 1605-36, his lecture being suppressed, on ground of his nonconformity, 1629-31.
John Rogers: '''John Rogers''' ([[1627]]-[[1665]]7), Fifth-monarchy man : son of Nehemiah Rogers; joined advanced puritans, and was turned out of doors by his father; servitor at King's College, Cambridge; received presbyterian ordination, 1647; minister of Purleigh; went to London and joined independents: lecturer at St. Thomas Apostle's, London: sent by parliament to Dublin as preacher, 1660; returned to England. 1652: joined Fifth-monarchy men; denounced as a conspirator, 1654, and imprisoned; released, 1657; sent to Tower of London on charges of con. spiracy, 1658: proceeded to Ireland; became chaplain in Fairfax's regiment, and subsequently took refuge in Hoiland: studied medicine at Leydcn and Utrecht:.M.I). Utrecht; returned to England, 1662; admitted M.I. Oxford, 1664; published controversial works,
John Rogers: '''John Rogers''' ([[1610]]-[[1680]]), nonconformist divine ; M.A. Wadham College, Oxford, 1688; vicar of Croglin, 1661; ejected, 1662.
John Rogers: '''John Rogers''' ([[1680]]-[[1684]]), divine : son of Nathaniel Rogers, with whom be emigrated to New England. 1636: graduated in theology and medicine at Harvard Uuivt r-ity; president of Harvard, 1682.
John Rogers: '''John Rogers''' ([[1679]]-[[1729]]), divine: M.A. Corpus Christl College, Oxfonl, 1700: took order*; fellow, 1706; D.D., 1719; vicar of Buckland, 1704; rector of Wrington, 1716; chaplain in ordinary to George II. tlicn prince of Wales, 1726; vicar of St. Giles Cripplegate. London, 1728; published sermons aud cou trove: 4c2
Rogers: '''Rogers''' 1124
Rokeby: '''Rokeby'''
John Rogers: '''John Rogers''' ([[1740]] 7-[[1814]]), Irish seceding divine ; minUter at banana, oo. MonaKhan, 1707: opposed re kxatiou of penal laws against Roman catholic*, 1782: nrofMSor of divinity for Irish burgher synod. 1796; clerk ofsjnod, 1779-1814; published religious iting
John Rogers: '''John Rogers''' ([[1778]]-[[1856]]), divine; of Eton and Trinity Colkxo, Oxford: M.A., 1810; rector of Mawnan, 1*07-38; canon-residentiary of Exeter, 1820; supervised, Hebrew bible, published by Society for Promoting Conversion of Jews, 1813; published religious works.
Joseph Rogers: '''Joseph Rogers''' (18*1-[[1889]]), medical practitioner : brother of James Edwin Thorold Rogers; medical officer to Strand workhouse, London, 1856-68, and of Westminster infirmary, 1872; founder and president of Poor Law Medical OfficersAssociation.
Josia Rogers: '''Josia Rogers''' 8 ([[1755]]-[[1795]]), navy captain ; entered navy, 1771: commander, 1780: wounded and captured in engagement off Oape May, 1782; exchanged; caouin. 1787 flag-captain to Sir John Jervis ( afterwards Earl of St. Vincent), 1790; joined fleet in West Indies, 1793, and died of yellow fever.
Nathaniel Rogers: '''Nathaniel Rogers''' ([[1598]]-[[1655]]), divine : M.A. Emmanuel College. Cambridge, 1621; curate at Bockins?; adopted puritan views; rector of Assington; sailed for New England, 1636: pastor of Ipswich, Massachusetts, 1638; member of synod.
Nehemiah Rogers: '''Nehemiah Rogers''' ([[1593]]-[[1660]]), divine : brother of Timothy Rogers (1589-1650?): of Merchant TaylorsSchool, London, and Emmanuel College, Cambridge: M.A., 1618: fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge; prebendary of Ely, 1636; rector of St. Botolph'a, Bishopsgate, London, 1642: sequestered of rectory and prebend, 1643: pastor at St. Osyth, near Colchester; held living of Doddingburet, near Brentwood, c. 1657: published treatises on the parables.
Philip Hutchings Rogers: '''Philip Hutchings Rogers''' ([[1786]] ?-[[1853]]), painter; educated under John Bidlake, Plymouth; exhibited at Royal Academy, 1808-51.
Richard Rogers: '''Richard Rogers''' ([[1532]]?-[[1597]]), divine: M.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1552: B.D., 1562: M.A. Oxford, 1660; archdeacon of St. Asaph, c. 1559; prebendary of St. Paul's, London, 1566; suffragan bishop of Dover, 1568; dean of Canterbury, 1584-97: master of Eastgate Hospital, Canterbury, 1595.

[edit] Section 1196

Richard Rogers: '''Richard Rogers''' ([[1550]] 7-[[1618]]). puritan divine ; M.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1574; lecturer at Wethersfleld, c. 1577: temporarily suspended for petitioning against Whltgift's three articles, 1583: joined Cartwright's presbyterian movement, signed Book of Discipline, and in consequence frequently suffered persecution; published religious works.
Robert Rogers: '''Robert Rogers''' ([[1727]]-[[1800]]), colonel: born at Dunbarton, New Hampshire; commanded Rogers's Rangersin war with French in North America, 1755-60; visited England, where he came to attract George Ill's notice by publishing his journals; governor of Mackinaw, Michigan, 1765; after various misfortunes became colonel in the British army in America and raisedqueen's rangers; published topographical and historical memoirs and other works; died in England.
Samuel Rogers: '''Samuel Rogers''' ([[1763]]-[[1855]]), poet ; entered bank in which his father was partner, in Comhill, London; began contributing to Gentleman's Magazine 1781; published, 1792, * Pleasures of Memory which achieved popularity; on death of his father, 1793, he became possessed of comfortable means and grew intimate with most eminent men of his day; visited Paris, where he cultivated tastes as an art connoisseur; attained high position among men of letters, many of whom were indebted to his influence or personal generosity; printed privately, 1808, and published, 1810, a fragmentary epic onColumbus and other poems in following years, including Human Life (1819) and Jacqueline which was printed in the same volume with Byron's Lara (1814): was offered but declined the laureateship, 1850.
Thomas Rogers: '''Thomas Rogers''' (rf. [[1616]]), protestant divine: M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1676: rector of Homingsheath, 1681-1616: opposed Dr. Bound in Sabbatarian controversy; chaplain to Bancroft, whom he aided in literary work; published two works on the English creed, and other writings.
Thomas Rogers: '''Thomas Rogers''' ([[1660]]-[[1694]]), divine : of Trinity College and H:irt Hall, Oxford; M.A., 1682: rector of BlaptoO, near Towcester, 1090; published miscellaneous writings.
Thomas Rogers: '''Thomas Rogers''' ([[1760]]-[[1832]]), divine ; H.A. Magdalene College, Cambridge, 1783; head-master, Wakeneld grammar school, 1795-1814; chaplain of West Riding house of correction, 1817; published lectures.
Timothy Rogers: '''Timothy Rogers''' ([[1589]]-[[1650]]7), puritan divine; preacher at Steeple, 1621; vicar of All Saints Sudbury, 1636; published writings.
Timothy Rogers: '''Timothy Rogers''' ([[1658]]-[[1728]]), nonconformist minister; educated at Glasgow University; assistant to John Shower in London, 1690-1707; published sermons and other writings.
William Rogers: '''William Rogers''' (ft. [[1580]]-[[1610]]), engraver: probably studied copper-plate engraving in school of Wierix family, Antwerp, and is first Englishman who is known to have practised the art. Among plates by him are some rare portraits of Queen Elizabeth,
William Rogers: '''William Rogers''' ([[1819]]-[[1896]]), educational reformer: educated at Eton and Balliol College, Oxford; M.A., 1844; studied theoloary at Durham; perpetual curate, 1845, of St. Thomas's, Charterhouse, London, where he did much to ameliorate social condition of his parishioners by means of education; member of royal commission on popular education, 1858; chaplain in ordinary to Queen Victoria, 1857; prebendary of St. Paul's, London, 1862; rector of St. Botolph's, Bishopsgate, London, 1863. He founded numerous schools, and was active in reconstructing Alleyn's charity at Dulwich, 1871.
William Gibbs Rogers: '''William Gibbs Rogers''' ([[1792]]-[[1875]]), woodcarver; studied style of Griuiing Gibbons, and gained considerable reputation; employed on carvings in Kensington Palace and Pavilion, Brighton,
Woodes Rogers: '''Woodes Rogers''' (d. [[1732]]), commander-in-chief of two private men-of-war fitted out by Bristol merchants to cruise against Spaniards in South Sea, 1708: reached Juan Fernandez, 1709, and found Alexander Selkirk; proceeded to coast of Peru, sacked Guayaquil, and after several engagements returned to England, 1711; published journal of the voyage, 1712; rented Bahama islands from lords proprietors and obtained commission as governor, 1717: arrived at Nassau, 1718, and, after facing serious opposition from pirates, returned, 1721; appointed (1728) captain-general and governor-in-chief of Bahama islands, where he died.
Roger: '''Roger''' 80N, JOHN BOLTON ([[1809]]-[[1859]]), poet; worked in mercantile firm and afterwards with solicitor in Manchester; kept bookshop, 1834-41; contributed to newspapers, and subsequently engaged in journalistic and other enterprises; published poems.
Peter Mark Roget: '''Peter Mark Roget''' ([[1779]]-[[1869]]), physician and savant; studied medicine at Edinburgh (M.D., 1798) and in London: physician to infirmary at Manchester, 1805; L.R.C.P., 1809; physician to Northern Dispensary, which he projected, 1810; physician to Spanish embassy, 1820, and to Milbank penitentiary, 1823; commissioned by government to inquire into water supply of metropolis, 1827-8; first Fullerian professor of physiolopy. Royal Institution, 1833-6: F.R.S., 1816, after reading of paper on a new sliding rule which he contrived; secretary to Royal Society and editor of theProceedings 1827-49; F.R.C.P., 1831, Gulstonian lecturer, 1831, and censor, 1834 and 1835: took active part (1837) in establishment of University of London; published Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases 1852.
Barons Rokeby: '''Barons Rokeby''' . See Romxsox, RICHARD, first
Baron: '''Baron''' [[1709]]-[[1794]] : ROBINSOX-MOHUIS, MATTHKW, second
Baiion: '''Baiion''' [[1713]]-[[1800]]; RoBixsox-MoxTAUU, HKNRY, sixth
Baiion: '''Baiion''' [[1798]]-[[1883]].
John Rokeby: '''John Rokeby''' (d. [[1573]]?) canonist: D.O.L. St. Nicholas's Hostel, Cambridge, 1533; member of Doctors Commons, 1537; counsel for Henry VIII in his divorce; held prebends in York and Southwell.
Rokeby: '''Rokeby''' 1125
Roklock: '''Roklock'''
Ralph Rokeby: '''Ralph Rokeby''' (d. [[1575]] ), secretary of council of ROLLE, HENRY (1SW7-16M1 iudoc th: cdiionN.,! nt Omii.ruii ru.*ia, w~_ n~,il- i!..1... north: nliicatol at yueeu College, Cambridge; ot Lincoln 8 Inn.
Rokeby: '''Rokeby''' It A I.I -if (i:,.7 7-[[1596]]). mauler of reque- .
Uoo: '''Uoo''' atW :it C-.m-r. .;,'; barrister, Lincoln'* Inn clii.-fjustice of Counaught, 1570; bencher.f I.mo.ln Inn, 1572: master of requests, 1676; master of SL Catherine 1 Hospttal, Londoii, 1580.
Rokeby: '''Rokeby''' Sin THOMAS nr (rf. 13*6), ju*tiolar of land; knighted by Edward III, 1327; commanded royal escort in Scotland, 1336; governor of St 1336-42. and Edinburgh Castle, 1338-43; sheriff of York? shire, 1337 and 1343; justiciur of Ireland, 1349-66, and "*

[edit] Section 1197

Thomas Pe Rokeby: '''Thomas Pe Rokeby''' (rf. [[1418]]1 soldier: M.P., 'iorkshlre, 1406, and sheriff, 1408 and 1412: defeated Percy, carl of Northumberland, ut Brumliam Moor, 1408.
Sir Thomas Rokeby: '''Sir Thomas Rokeby''' ([[1631]] ?-[[1699]]), ji.,' Catharine Hall, Cambridge, 1650; fellow, 1650-1; barrister, Gray's Inn, 1657; ancient, 1676; serjeant-at-law and puisne jndir.- in common pleas, 1689; knighted, 1689; removed to king's bench, 195.
William Rokeby: '''William Rokeby''' (,. [[1521]]), archbishop of Dublin; doctor of canon law, Oxford; fellow of Kind's Hall, Cambridge: held stall of St. Andrew's at Bev. rl, y. 1503: bishop of Mcath and privy councillor, Ireland, 1507: archbishop of Dublin, 1512-21; lord chancellor of Ireland, 1812.
Gregory Pr Rokesley: '''Gregory Pr Rokesley''' (f. [[1291]]), goldsmith and wool merchant: alderman of Dowgate ward, London: sheriff, 1264 and 1270; mayor of London, 1274-81 and 1285; king's chamberlain, 1276; master of exchange throughout England, or chief director of royal mint, 127K; one of representatives of London at parliament hel-l at Shrewsbury to conduct trial of David of Wales, 12K3; dismissel for answering summons to royal commission without robes of office, 1285.
Ambrose Rokewode: '''Ambrose Rokewode''' ([[1578]]7-[[1606]]). See ROOKwoon.
John Gage Rokewode: '''John Gage Rokewode''' (17H6-[[1842]]), antiquary; educated at Jesuit college, Stonyhurst: barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1818; F.S.A., 1818; F.R.S.; director of Society of Antiquaries, 1829 till death; published topographical works relating to Suffolk.
John Rolfe: '''John Rolfe''' ([[1586]]-[[1622]]), colonist ; sailed from England, 1 609, and, having been wrecked on Bermudas, reached Virginia, Ifilu, and there introduced regular cultivation of tobacco, 1612; married, 16i:i, Pocahontas (1595-1617), the newly converted daughter of Powhattan, overking of Indian tribes from Atlantic coast to falls of the rivers; came, IGlti, to England with his wife, who died, 1617; returned to Virginia, where he died. Pocuhontas was introduced into Ben Jensen'sStaple of News(1625). College, Oxford; barrister. I . 1637 and 1638; of Exeter 1618, S 1665. pribB M (Utt-lfttt merchant and ooli Tu, rl nM l 5Llf ndon PVciJSSiiS and 1628, and Truro in Short and Long parliaments; his
Roll: '''Roll''' 1, JOHN tici.il: brother of compensation made to him, 1644.
Rolle: '''Rolle''' JoHN, BARON ROI.I.R or STEVEXBTOXK (17SO-1M..vonshlre. 1780,1784, and 1790 rtuiinrh adh.Mv,,t,,f Pitt; hero of tin.- Roll lad?; received title of Baron Itolle of Steveustone, 1 796.
Richard Dk Hampokk Rolle: '''Richard Dk Hampokk Rolle''' ([[1290]]7-[[1149]]), hermit and author; educated at Oxford; took op abode as hermit in a wood at Thornton, his native place In Yorkshire, subsequently establishing himself snccesataly at Dulton, near Rotherham, and Hampole, i where he dial, his grave being said to L lous healing powers. He translated portions of bible into English, and occasionally wrote in the Northumbrian dialect. His works include two Latin ethical treatises, DC Emendatione Vita? and Du Incendio Amorls translated by Richard Misyn in 1434 and 1436 respectively, an English poem,The Prickc of Conscience (printed by Richard Morris for Philological Society, 1863), and an English paraphrase of Psalms and Canticles (Clarendon press, 1884).
Rolle: '''Rolle''' or ROLLS, SAMUEL (ft. [[1657]]-[[1678]]), divine: of Trinity College, Cambridge: held benefice of Duiiton; ejected, 1G62; doctor of physic, Cambridge, 1676; chaplain in ordinary to Charles II, 1678; published religious works.
George Rolleston: '''George Rolleston''' ([[1829]]-[[1881]]), physician; M.A. Pembroke College, Oxford, 1853; Sheppard fellow, 1861-62: studied medicine at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Louden; M.D., 1857; F.R.C.P., 1859; physician to British civil hospital at Smyrna, 1855-7: assistant-physician, Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London, 1857; physician to Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, and Lee's reader in anatomy at Christ Church, Oxford; Linacre professor of anatomy and physiology, 1860-81; sided with Huxley in dispute with Owen in reference to Darwinian theory; published Forms of Animal Life 1870; F.R,S., 1862; fellow of Merton College, Oxford, 1872; Harveian orator, Royal College of Surgeons, 1873; published papers and addresses.
Andrew Rollo: '''Andrew Rollo''' , fifth BAROX H-n.io ([[1700]]-[[1765]] X soldier: distinguished himself at Dettingen, 174; ROLFE, ROBERT MONSEY, BAROX CRAXWOKTH lieutenant-colonel, 1756; served in Louisburg expedition. (1790-1868), lawyer; of Winchester and Trinity College, Cambridge; M.A., 1815: fellow of Downing College; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1816; appointed K.O. and called within bar, 1832: bencher of Lincoln's Inn, 1832-9; Ferjeant-otrlaw, 1839; M.P., Penryn and Falmouth, 1832: solicitor-general, 1834, in Melbourne's first administration, and in 18:55, when he was knighted; baron of exchequer; took seat on bench, 1839; comnilsbioner of great seal, 1850; vice-chancellor and privy councillor, 1860; created Baron Cranworth of Cranwortb, Norfolk, 1850; one of the first lords justices on creation of court of appeal in chancery, 1851; lord chancellor, 1852; presided over royal commission for consolidation of statutes, 1864; a governor of the Charterhouse, London, 1855; resigned office on Lori Derby's accession to power, 1.858: brought forward Cran worth's! Act for shortening of conveyances, 1860: reappointed lord chancellor on Lord Westbury's retirement, 1865; resigned, 1866.
John Rollakd: '''John Rollakd''' (Jl. [[1560]]), Scottish poet : presbyter of diocese of Glasgow; notary at Dalkeith, 1566; wrote Court of Venus (c. 1560) and The Seven Sages (1660), two poems, published probably posthumously. and conquest of Canada, 1768-60: colonel and brigadiergeneral in America, 1760: in West Indies, 1761-2.
John Rollo: '''John Rollo''' (*. [[1809]]), surgeon ; studied medicine at Edinburgh; surgeon in artillery, 1776: served fh West I in lies; returned to Woolwich as surgeon-general. e. 1781; M.D.; published surgical works.
Rollo: '''Rollo''' sometimes called ROLLOCK, Sin WILLIAM (f. 1645), royalist; captain In General King's lifeguards; major in Montrose's army, 1644; captured by Argyll, but released, it is said, on promise to assassinate Montrose, to whom, however, he disclosed the scheme; taken prisoner at Philiphaugh and executed.
Hercules Rollock: '''Hercules Rollock''' (jf. [[1577]]-[[1619]]), schoolmaster; brother of Robert Rollock; graduated at St. Andrews; master of high school, Edinburgh, 1684; wrote Latin verses.
Peter Rollock: '''Peter Rollock''' (d. [[1626]]?), Scottish divine and lawyer: passed advocate before 1673; titular bishop of Dunkeld. 1586: extraordinary lord of council, 1687; ordinary lord of session, 1698-1610; accompanied James VI of Scotland to Enu'lund, 1603, and was naturalised; re
Bollock: '''Bollock''' 1126
Romilly: '''Romilly''' timed bishopric. 1G06: displaced from privy council and bench UJM but w reared to sent in privy council, 1616, and renppointed extraordinary lord of session, _16 19.
Rollock: '''Rollock''' or ROLLOK, 1UHIEKT ([[1555]]7-[[1599]]), divine brotlT of Hercules Jlollock; M.A. St. Salrator's CoU*e,8t. Andrews: p.-oiVssur: examiner of art*, and director of faculty of arts, 1580; first principal f newly founded college, afterwards Edinburgh University 168J till death: professor of theology, 1587: one of three ministers chosen to remonstrate with James VI for hishard dealing with the kirk 1596, but subsequently supported James VI's policy: minister of Upper Tolbooth and of Magdalen Church, afterwards Un-yf riars, Edinburgh, 1598; published theological rri JJ
John Rolph: '''John Rolph''' ([[1793]]-[[1870]]), Canadian politician; bom at Thornbury, Gloucestershire; studied medicine in London; barrister, Inner Temple; went to Canada, 1820; called to bar, 1821: member of assembly for Middlesex, Upoef Canada. 1825: member of executive council, 18S; joined William Lyon Mackenzie in plot against existing government, 1837, and on its failure tied to Russia: returned to Canada on declaration of amnesty, 1843; member of assembly for Norfolk, 1845; retired from political life, 1857.
Sir John Rolt: '''Sir John Rolt''' ([[1804]]-[[1871]]), judge : born at Calcutta apprenticed as woollendraper In London; clerk in DoctorsCommons, 1827; barrister. Inner Temple, 1837; Q.C., 1846; M.P., Western Gloucestershire, 1857-67; appointed attorney-general and knighted, 1866; lord justice of appeal and privy councillor, 1867.
Richard Rolt: '''Richard Rolt''' ([[1725]] ?-[[1770]]), author : held post in excise, but lost it through joining Jacobites, 1745; went to Dublin and subsequently gained living in London by miscellaneous authorship: composed many cantatas and other pieces for Vauxhall, Drury Lane, and other London theatres; engaged with Christopher Smart to write monthly miscellany, * The Universal Visitor; published miscellaneous works, including A Dictionary of Trade and Commerce for which Dr. Johnson wrote the preface, 1756.
William Romainb: '''William Romainb''' ([[1714]]-[[1795]]), divine; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1737; chaplain to Sir Daniel Lambert during year of office as lord-mayor of London, 1741; lecturer in united parishes of St. George's, Botolph Lane, London, awl St. Botolph's, Billingsgate, London, 1748; lecturer at St. Duustan's-lu- the- West, London, 1749: additional preacher at St. George's, Hanover Square, London, 1750; professor of astronomy at Gresham College, London: became supporter of Whitefield, 1755, and consequently was compelled to resign lectureship at St. George's; chaplain to Lady Huntingdon; held curacies in London and (1766-95) the living of St. Anne's, Blackfriars; published religious treatises and pamphlets.

[edit] Section 1198

William Oovett Romatne: '''William Oovett Romatne''' ([[1815]] - [[1893]]), lawyer; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1859; barrister, Inner Temple, 1839; deputy judge-advocate of army in east, 1854; C.B. and second secretary to admiralty, 1857; judge-advocate-geueral in India, 1869-73; member, 1876, and, later, president of Egyptian Couseil du Trcsor; comptroller-general in Egypt. . ROMANES, GEORGE JOHN (1848-1894), man of science; was born at Kingston, Canada West, 1848, but came with his parents to England at an early age: B.A. Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, 1870: honorary fellow, 1892; Burney prizeman, 1873; formed friendship with Darwin; studied physiology at University College, London, 1874-6; engaged in researches on medusa? and echinoderms; F.R.S., 1879; made investigations respecting mental faculties of animals in relation to those of man, 1881-1; held professorship at Edinburgh, 1886-90; Fnllerian professor of physiology at Royal Institution, 18HH-91; expounded in paper contributed to Linnean Society, 1886, theory of physiological isolation, dealing with the possible evolution of a distinct species from an group of an original species; zoological secretary an Society; incorporated M.A. Oxford; founded B lecture at Oxford, 1891; hon. LL.D. Aberdeen, 1881. HI* publications include Candid Examination of Theism 1878, Animal Intelligence 1881, Mental Evolution in Animals 1888, Mental Evolution in Man 1888, and Darwin and after Darwin 1892.
Bernard Romans: '''Bernard Romans''' ([[1720]]7-[[1784]]?), oii.L'ini-cr : born in Holland; educated in England; employed by British irovernment as civil engineer in North America; government botanist in East Florida, 1760-71: joined provincials on outbreak of revolution; constructed fortifications of Fork Constitution, 1775; captain of Pennsylvania artillery, 1776; captured by British, 1779. and subsequently practised as engineer in England: Disappeared mysteriously on voyage to New York. 1784; published works on natural history of Florida, history of Netherlands, and other subjects.
Romanus: '''Romanus''' (. [[624]]), bishop of Rochester, [[621]]; probably came to Britain us missionary with Augustine.
Romanus: '''Romanus''' or LE ROMEYN, JOHN, the elder (rf. 1255), ecclesiastic: canon of York before l'J18: archdeacon of Richmond, 1211 till c. 1247; treasurer of York, 1247.
Romanus: '''Romanus''' or LE ROMEYN, JOHN, the younger (d. 1296), divine; son of John Uomumi- the elder; educated at Oxford; prebendary of Lincoln, 1258; chancellor of Lincoln, 1275: professor of theology at Paris; prebendary of York, 1279; archbishop of York, 1285; summoned to render military service against Scotland, 1291; engaged in dispute with Antony Bek I concerning relations of sue of Durham to that of York.
Kmma Romer: '''Kmma Romer''' , afterwards MRS. ALMOND ([[1814]]1868), vocalist: first appeared at Covent Garden, London, 1830; at English Opera House (Lyceum), London, and later again at Covent Garden, where she gained great reputation, 1835; married George Almond, 1835; took chief parts in opera at Drury Lane, London, 1837; undertook management of Surrey Theatre, London. 1852.
Isabella Frances Romer: '''Isabella Frances Romer''' (d. [[1852]]), miscellaneous writer.
John Lambertus Romer: '''John Lambertus Romer''' ([[1680]]-[[1754]] ?), engineer; sou of Wolfgang William Romer: served in artillery train in Flanders and Spain; ensign, 1708; lieutenant. 1713; engineer at Sheerness, 1715; engineer in charge of northern district and Scotland, 1720; captain, 1739; director of engineers, 1742.
Wolfgang William Romer: '''Wolfgang William Romer''' ([[1640]]-[[1713]]), military engineer; born at the Hague; entered service of Prince of Orange, whom he accompanied to England, having gained rank of colonel; engineer in Ireland, 16901692; took part in campaigns of 1690 and 1691; chief engineer to ordnance train of Mediterranean expedition, 1693; reported on defences of Guernsey, 1694; as chief engineer, accompanied Lord Bellamont to New York, 1697: fortified Boston harbour, 1701-3; engaged in fortifying Portsmouth, 1708.
Hugh Hastings Romilly: '''Hugh Hastings Romilly''' ([[1856]]-1 [[892]]), explorer : of Winchester, Repton, and Christ Church. Oxford; entered mercantile firm in Liverpool; held government appointments in Fiji islands: deputy -commissioner for Western Pacific, 1881; acted as administrator of New Guinea, 1885-6; O.M.G., 1886; deputy-commissioner and consul of New Hebrides and Solomon islands, 1887-90; published topographical works.
John Romilly: '''John Romilly''' , first BAROX ROMILLY ([[1802]]-[[1874]]), lawyer; son of Sir Samuel Romilly: M.A. Trinity Collwrc, Cambridge, 1826; barrister. Gray's Inn. 1827; bencher; liberal M.P., Bridport, 1832-5 and 1846, and Devonport, 1847-52; Q.C., 1843; solicitor-general, 1843: attorney-general, 1850; privy councillor, 1851: master of rolls, 1851-73; created Baron Romilly of Barry, Gloucr-tcrshire, 1865.
Joseph Romilly: '''Joseph Romilly''' ([[1791]]-[[1864]]), divine; fellow. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1815; M.A., 1816; took holy orders; opposed catholic emancipation, 1829: rcgistrary of the university, 1832-61; arranged and catalogued all university papers.
Sir Samuel Romilly: '''Sir Samuel Romilly''' ([[1757]]-[[1818]]), law reformer; embraced Rousseau's doctrines at an early age; barrister, Gray's Inn, 1783, treasurer, 1803; made acquaintance of Dumont, the Genevese preacher; exposed several anomalies of criminal law in anonymous Observations on " Thoughts on Executive Justice " 1786: published, 1790, translation of letters by Dumont on events of 1789; K.O., 1800; chancellor of county
Romney: '''Romney''' 11 -J7
Roper: '''Roper''' lala.t.inc of Durham, Isii.".,; solicitor-i." iieral to administnitiun,,f All tlu- Talent-: knighi.-d. 1 ! QueeilborOUgh, sui;-7, Hi.r-ham. 1HI7 nn-eat.-l..n M-tition), Wan-ham, 1808-12, Arundcl,1812,ui IMIH; effected great reform* in ! i cmmii.i inent: favoured tin- emancipation of Kmuan and abolition of.-la very: published 4 Obcrvuticiii- M O-iminul iiwm Kr..i-rworln: com jnitu.il suicide on death ut his wife. His in..: jeared iM.rthumously. xlix.
of Eaul: '''of Eaul''' ([[1641]]-[[1701]]). See SIDNEY,
Rooke: '''Rooke''' Sm GBORGB ([[1650]]-[[1709]]). admiral ; nephew of Lawrence Kooke txrted revolution of 1888: rear-admiral of red, 16o: took part in battle of Beoch H-*t:, i.x-odmiral of blue, 1693: fought with dUUnctlon In bottle of Bar r: appointed to conTojr outv omuUtlug of KngU*h and Dut treated before French fleet off Cape St. Vincent, losing many merchant Si HI
Romney: '''Romney''' iU:in.
George Romney: '''George Romney''' ([[1734]]-[[1802]]), painter: son of a builder and cabinet-maker of Dalton-in-Fi l.prcnr,-,,!. 1755, to Edward Steak (d. 1760?). a jwrtruit-paintcr then at Kendal: married Mar. 1756: started independently a* portrait-painter at Kcndul; come to London, leaving hU wife, from whom he remained separated, 1762; perhaps gained prize from N Arts for picture Death of General Wolfe 1763; studied in Paris, 1701; gained second premium, fifty u'nin. M-, from Society of Arts for Death of King Edmund, 1 17r,5; visited Italy, 1772: made acquaintance of William Hayley , whose friend he remained till death: copied various works, Including Raphael's Transfiguration then the altar-piece of San Pietro in Montorio; settled nt 3 1 CavendMi Square, London: patronised by Duke of Richmond, Georiana, duchess of Devonshire, and other I'a-hionablc sitters: professional rival of Reynold-, who .-Lowed him marked hostility, between 1783 and 17W be produced many Krtraits and sketches of Emma Hart, Afterwards Lady Hamilton, and after her marriage lie painted her with her child in the picture known as -The Sempstress visited Paris, 1790: contributed thr.v -orks to Uoydell's Shakespeare Gallery 1791, a project wliich he warmly supported. His portrait (17s-. i- in the National Portrait Gallery.
John Romney: '''John Romney''' ([[1758]]-[[1832]]), son of George Uomnry : M.A. and fellow, St. John's College, Cambridge, 1785; H.D., 1792: non-resident rector of Southen. 17ss1799; rector of Thnrcarton and Cockley Clay, 1H()I; published memoir of his father, the painter, 1830.
John Romney: '''John Romney''' ([[1786]]-1 [[863]]), engraver.
Peter Romney: '''Peter Romney''' ([[1743]]-[[1777]]), paiuter: brother of Oeorge Homncy, to whom he was apprenticed at Kendal: made various efforts to establish connection a* portrait-painter, but was unsuccessful in consequence of liia irregular habits.
Sir William Romney: '''Sir William Romney''' (. [[1611]]), governor of Merchant AdventurersCompany; incorporator and one of first directors of East India Company; governor, 1606: alderman of London, 1602, sheriff, 1603: knighted, 1603: (actively promoted expeditions to discover North-west Passage, 1601 and 1610.
Edmund Ronalds: '''Edmund Ronalds''' ([[1819]]-[[1889]]), chemist : n-pl.ew of Sir Francis Ronalds; studied on continent: 1'h.D. Giessen; lecturer in chemistry at St. Mary's and Middlesex Hospitals; professor of chemistry. Queen's ollege, Galway, 1849-50; director of TJonnington chemival works, 1850-78; published writings.
Ronalds: '''Ronalds''' Sin FRANCIS ([[1788]]-[[1873]]). el-trii-ian nnd meteorologist; studied practical electricity under .lean Andre do Luc; made experiments (1810) which resulted in invention of a telegraphic instrument based on principle of synchronously revolving discs; published an account of the invention, 1823: invented and patented i perspective tracing instrument, 1825: honorary director and superintendent, Meteorological Observatory, Kew, 1843-52: F.K.S., 1844: devised system of automatic registration for meteorological instruments by means of photography, 1844-5; subsequently lived chieHy on continent; knighted, 1871; left valuable library of electrical works containing some manuscripts by himself.

[edit] Section 1199

Joseph Philip Ronayne: '''Joseph Philip Ronayne''' ([[1822]]-[[1876]]), engineer: . ntcred office of Sir John Benjamin McNeill, civil * ntfineer, of London and Glasgow: subsequently engaged ;n many railway and hydraulic enterprises in British islands and in California; M.LO.E., 1856; M.P., Cork, 1872-6. 40M of MM and lor!..:.. .,,.,:.,., M.F., I fleet in Sound to rapport Ob LTOQ Oadix expedition of BngUah ami Dntohthlpa, 1703: failed Spanish fleet at Vigo; returned to KngUnd: privy oillor: commauiler-in-chief of grand fleet, 1703; captured (Jibniltnr: engaged French fleet in battle off Gibraltar, which, though indecUlre. resulted in retreat of French: returned to England, and owing to party prejudice wu superseded in command.
Sir Giles Rooke: '''Sir Giles Rooke''' (1T4J-[[1808]]). judge; educated at Harrow and St. John's College, OxfordTM.A 1766; fellow of Merton College, Oxford, 1 766-84; barriiiter, Lincoln's Inn. 1766; king's serjeaut, 1793: knighted and appointed to puisne judgeship of common pleas, 1781. xlix. 3081
John Rooke: '''John Rooke''' ([[1780]]-[[1856]]), writer on political economy and geology; originally a farmer; studied political economy and became zealous advocate of free trade.
Lawrence Rooke: '''Lawrence Rooke''' ([[1622]]-[[1662]]), astronomer : of Eton and King's College, Cambridge; fellow, 1648; M.A., 1647: fellow commoner, Wadham College, Oxford, 16W); profes.or of astronomy, 1652-7, and of geometry, 1W7-6*, i ire.-ham College, London: assisted in formation of Royal Society; published astronomical works, and left similar writin'trs which appeared posthumously.
William Rooke: '''William Rooke''' M1('HAKL([[1794]]-[[1847]]X musician; born at Dublin, where he worked with his father, a tradesman: deputy-leader at Dublin Theatre Hoyal18l7; went to London: perhaps director at English opera, Drury Lane, London. 1821; produced his most successful opera, Auiilic at Oovcnt Garden, London, 1837.
Edward Rooker: '''Edward Rooker''' ([[1718]] 7-[[1774]]), engraver In London: became celebrated for architectural plates: exhibited, 1760-8, at Incorporated Society of Artist*, of which hu was an original member.
Michael Rooker: '''Michael Rooker''' , called MK-HABL AXGKM
Uookkii: '''Uookkii''' ([[1743]]-[[1801]]), engraver and painter: son of Edward Hooker, under whom and Paul Sandby he studied: A.K.A., 1770; contributed plates to Kean-ley's Copper-Plate Magazine (1776-7) and otljer publications: scene-painter at Haymarket Theatre, Iondon: exhibited water-colour landscapes at Itoyal Academy,
Rookwood: '''Rookwood''' or ROKEWODE. AMBROSE (l78?1606), conspirator: educated in Flanders, whither his family, who were Roman catholic-*, hod tied from persecution; succeeded to his father's -tati- at Manningneld, 1600: indicted for recusancy, 1605: joined Robert Cate*by in gunpowder plot; arrested at Holbeach, and executed at Old Palace Yard, Westminster, with Winter, Keys, and Fawkes.
Ambrose Rookwood: '''Ambrose Rookwood''' ([[1664]]-[[1696]]), Jacobite; brigadier under James II; executed at Tyburn. xlix. 81J1
Hexry Room: '''Hexry Room''' ([[1802]]-[[1850]]), portrait-painter; exhibited at Royal Academy from 1826.
Edward Roome: '''Edward Roome''' (d. [[1729]]), song-writer: brought up as lawyer; solicitor to treasury. 1728; aroused by his writings enmity of Pope, who satirised htm in Dunctad; wrote some songs in * Jovial Crew produced at Drury Lane, London, 1731. R008. ROOTH, DAVID (1573-1650).
Abel Roper: '''Abel Roper''' ([[1665]]-[[1726]]), tory journalist; apprenticed as publisher in London, and subsequently set up business independently: said to hare been first printer of * LiUiburlero; imprisoned on charge of aiding
Kopek: '''Kopek''' ill's
Kose: '''Kose''' revolutionary conspirators by his publication?, 1696; tarted, 1695,Post Boy tory newspaper, with which he was count-etui till c. 1714.
Margaret Roper: '''Margaret Roper''' ([[1505]]-1M4), daughter of Sir Thomas More: married William Roper, e. 1W5: according to Stnpleton, privately purchased the head of her dead father a month after it had been expand on London bridge, and preserved it in spices till her death: burial in Chelsea church. An ancient leaden box dbcorered in the Roper vault at St. Dunstan's church, Canterbury, where her husband was buried, was opened in June 1*21, and contained a head which was sfumed to be More.
Roper Roper: '''Roper Roper''' 8TOTE DONNISON ([[1771]]-[[1823]]?), legal writer: barrister. Gray's Inn, 1799; his works include Treatise upon Law of Legacies 1799.
Samuel Roper: '''Samuel Roper''' (rf. [[1658]]), antiquary; hided Dncrdale in his history of Warwickshire; probably served as colonel in parliamentary army.
William: '''William''' ([[1496]]-[[1578]]), biographer of Sir Thomas More; held jointly with his father, and afterwards alone, till 1577, clerkship of pleas of court of king's bench; married, 1525, Margaret see ROPER, M AKi. U;KT, daughter of Sir Thomas More, whose biography lie subsequently compiled (published, Paris, 1626); M.P., Bramber, 1529, Rochester, 1545 and 1554, Winchelsea, 1*53, Canterbury, 1555 and 1558; summoned before privy council for sympathy with Roman catholics, 1568, but discharged on bond for his good behaviour,
Rory: '''Rory''' or RURY OGE ((. [[1578]]).
Rory: '''Rory''' O'MORE (ft. 1C20-[[1652]]).
Rob: '''Rob''' or R[[008]] OP HAMI.AKK, BARON (. [[1543]]). See
Thomas Maxxkrs: '''Thomas Maxxkrs''' , afterwards first EARL OF RUTLAND.
Ros: '''Ros''' or ROSSE, JOHN HE (d. [[1332]]), bishop of Carlisle: prebendary of Hereford: archdeacon of Salop before 1308 till 1318; papal chaplain and auditor, c. 1317; canon of Wells and Salisbury, c. 1318; bishop of Carlisle, 1325-32.
John De Ros: '''John De Ros''' , BARON Ros (. [[1338]]), admiral; second son of William de Ros; in Edward Il's household, r. 1322; joined Queen Isabella, 1326; seneschal of Edward Ill's household; joint-admiral of fleets in Thames awl northwards, 1337.

[edit] Section 1200

Robert De Rob: '''Robert De Rob''' (. [[1227]]), surnamcd FURFAN, baron; bailiff and castellan of Bonueville-snr-Touques, Lower Normandy, 1195: sent with others by King John to arrange meeting with William the Lion, c. 1199; received grant of lauds in Northumberland, including Wark, where he built a castle, 1200; assumed temporarily the monastic habit, 1212; joined barons against King John, c. 1215; excommunicated by Innocent IV, 1216; one of last barons who continued resistance: submitted to Henry III; witnessed thinl issue of Great Charter, 1226; again took monastic habit, c. 1227; married Isabella, daughter of William the Lion.
Robert De Rob: '''Robert De Rob''' , BARON Ros OP WARK (d. [[1274]]), son of Robert de Ros (d. 1227); justice itinerant, 1284: marshal of household to Henry III; one of guardians of Alexander Ill's queen, Margaret, daughter of Henry III, 1252; deprived of lands for cruelty to Margaret, e. 1255; joined barons in civil war, c. 1263.
William De Rob: '''William De Rob''' , second BAROX Ros (d. [[1317]]) bom before 1260; son of Robert de Ros, first baron Ros of Helmsley or Hamlake (d. 1285), nephew of Robert de Ron (d. 1274); accompanied Edward I to Wales, 1277; one of claimants to Scottish crown, 1291, but withdrew claim: served in Gascony, 1297; joinudefender of Northumberland against Scots, 1307. R08A, CARL AUGUST NICHOLAS (1843-1889), musician; born at Hamburg, his surname being Rose studied at Leipzig and Paris; formed Carl Rosa Opera Company in London, 1875, when he changed his name to Bwa; subsequently played successfully at many theatres.
Rob: '''Rob''' A, THOMAS ([[1575]] 1-[[1618]]).
Fair Tiik: '''Fair Tiik''' (d. [[1176]]?). See CLIFFORD,
Nicholas Roscarrock: '''Nicholas Roscarrock''' ([[1540]] ?-[[1634]] ?), poetical writer: B.A. (? Exeter College), Oxford, 156S; entered Inner Temple, 1572; imprisoned in Tower of London as Roman catholic, 1680-6. and in Fleet, London, 1594; lived nt Haworth Castle from 1607; contributed verses toTottell's edition of John Bossewell's Workes of Armorie * (1572) and otheipublications. R08COE, HENRY (1800-1836), biographer: son of William Roscoe; articled as solicitor in Liverpool, 1817; barrister, Inner Temple, 1826; his works include life of William Roscoe (1833).
Thomas Roscoe: '''Thomas Roscoe''' ([[1791]]-[[1871]]), author and translator; eon of William Roscoe; published miscellaneous writings,
William Roscoe: '''William Roscoe''' ([[1763]]-[[1831]]), historian ; assisted his father in market-gardening; articled as attorney at Liverpool: admitted attorney of court of king's bench, 1774: retired from profession and devoted himself to literary studies; engaged as partner and manager m banking business in Liverpool, 1799; studied botany; F.L.S., 1805; whig M.P. for Liverpool, 1806-7; lost money owing to run on and subsequent suspension of payment by his bank, 1816: promoter and first president of Liverpool Royal Institution, 1817; was declared bankrupt, 1820, and provided for by benevolence of friends. His works includeLife of Lorenzo deMedici 1795, Life and Pontificate of Leo the Tenth 1805; an edition of Pope's works and several volumes of verse, includingThe Butterfly's Ball and the Grasshopper's Feast 1807 (now a children's classic). He formed collection of books and prints, part of which went, after his pecuniary disaster, to the Liverpool Athenaeum.
William Caldwell Roscoe: '''William Caldwell Roscoe''' ([[1823]]-[[1859]]X poet and essayist: son of William Stanley Roscoe; educated at University College, London; graduated, London, 1843; called to bar, 1850; works include two tragedies..
William Stanley Roscoe: '''William Stanley Roscoe''' ([[1782]]-[[1843]]), minor poet; son of William Roscoe; educated at Peterhouse, Cambridge; partner in his father's bank.
Earl of Roscommon: '''Earl of Roscommon''' ([[1633]] ?-[[1685]]). See DILLON,
Worth Went: '''Worth Went''' , fourth EARL.
Rose: '''Rose''' or ROSS, ALEXANDER ([[1647]] ?-[[1720]]). See Ross.
Caleb Burrell Rose: '''Caleb Burrell Rose''' ([[1790]]-[[1872]]), geologist: apprenticed as surgeon; studied medicine at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals, London; F.R.C.S., 1846; published writings on Norfolk geology.
George Rose: '''George Rose''' ([[1744]]-[[1818]]), statesman : educated at Westminster School; entered navy; served principally in West Indies; left navy, 1 762; clerk in record office of exchequer; secretary to board of taxes, 1777; secretary to treasury during Shelburue's ministry, 1782-3. and during Pitt's ministry, 1784-1801: M.P., Launceston, 1784; appointed for life master of pleas in court of exchequer: M.P., Lymington, 1788, and Christchurch, 1790-1818; privy councillor, 1802: vice-president of board of trade and joint-paymaster-general during Pitt's second administration, 1804-6; vice-president of board of trade and treasurer of navy, 1807-12; deputy-warden of New Forest, 1808; subsequently again treasurer of navy; wrote chiefly on financial subjects. xlix. 226}
Sir George Rose: '''Sir George Rose''' ([[1782]]-[[1873]]), judge: of humblte parentage; educated at Westminster and Peterhouse and! Trinity College, Cambridge: M.A., 1835; barrister, Inner Temple, 1809; K.C. and bencher of his inn, 1827; reader, 1834, and treasurer, 1835; appointed judge of court of review and knighted, 1831; master in chancery, 1840-58: F.R.S., 1834; F.G.S.: first chairman of Law Life Insurance Society, 1844; published legal writings.
George Rose: '''George Rose''' ([[1817]]-[[1882]]), dramatist, novelist, and humorous entertainer: clerk in custom house; entered Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1841: M.A., 1848; held curacies at Camberwell and Christ Church, Hoxton; assistantreader at Temple; joined Roman catholic church, 1865-: adopted literary career and produced several suecessfuf dramatic pieces; contributed, under pseudonym Arthur 8ketchley toRoutledge's Annual 1866, and subse
Rose: '''Rose''' 1129
Ross: '''Ross''' quently to Fun," monologue* of Mrs. Hro MI. which were published in book form: afterwards toured rouu I tinworld as public entertainer.
Sir George Henry Rose: '''Sir George Henry Rose''' ([[1771]]-[[1865]]). diplomatist: son of George Rose (1744-1818 ) q. v.); M. -. John's College, Cambridge. 1795; held diplomatic Appointmi-lit at the Hague, 179?, and Berlin, 1798-4: M.P.. Southampton, 17J4 1813; deputy paymaster-general of land forces, 1806; British minister at Munich, 1813, and Berlin, 1816; M.P., Chri-t.-l.nrch, 1H18 4J; privy oouncillor, 1818; published religious pamphleU and other writing!,
Henry John Rose: '''Henry John Rose''' ([[1800]]- [[1871]]), theologian: educated at St. Peter's and St. John College*, Cambridge; M.A., 1884: B.D.. 1831: fellow of St. John's Ool'ege, Cambridge, 1824-38; B.I). Oxford, 1861: minister of St. Edward's, Cambridge, 1832-3; Hulsean lecturer, 1833; rector of Houghton onquo 1837-73; archdeacon of Bedford, 1866-73: puhlishtl rvlik'ious works, and assisted his brother, Hugh Jama Rose (1796-1838).ln many publications; one of revisers of authorised Old Testament,
Hugh Hekry Rose: '''Hugh Hekry Rose''' , BAROS 8TRATHXAIRN([[1801]]1886), field-marshal: born and educated at Berlin: enKiirn, 1R20: major, 1826: lieutenant-colonel, 1839: selected, 1840, for special service in Syria, against Mehemet All's Egyptian army: deputy adjutant-general to Omar Paslia; colonel (local rank) and commander of British deUchments in Syria; consul-general for Syria, 1841: secretary of embassy at Constantinople and brevet-colonel, 1861; charge d'affaires in place of Sir Stratford Canning, 1862: appointed, on declaration of war against Russia by England and France, queen's commissioner at headquarters of French Commander-in-chief, with local rank of brigadier-general; served at Alma and Inkerman: majorgeneral, 1864; K.C.B., 1855; commander of legion of honour; volunteered for service in India, 1857; took RAthgarh and Garhakota, relieved Sagar, and captured important pass of Maltun, 1858; defeated Tantia Topi; took Kunch and Kalpl: won victory at Moriir: retook Gwuliar; resigned command to Napier and took command at Bombay of Puna division; G.O.B. ami colonel, lieutenant-general and commander-in-chief of Bombay army, and, later, commauder-in-chief in India, with local rank of general, 1860; K.O.S.I., 1861: G.O.S.I., 1866; returned to England, 1864: D.O.L. Oxford, 1865; commander of forces in Ireland, 1866-70: created Baron Strathnalrn of Strathnairn and Jansl, 1866; president of army transport committee; general, 1867: colonel, royal horse guards, 1869; hon. LL.D. Dublin, 1870; field-marshal, 1877.
Hugh James Rose: '''Hugh James Rose''' O[[795]]-[[1838]]), theologian : brother of Henry John Rose: B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1817; frequently select preacher at Cambridge between 1825 and 18:!4: prebenlnry of Chichester, 18271833; perpetual curate of St. Thomas's, Southwark, 18381838; foundedBritish Magazine... of Ecclesiastical Information 1832: professor of divinity at Durham, 1833-4: principal of King's College, London, 1836: left England for his health; died at Fiesole. He engaged in many literary undertakings, including Encyclopedia Metropolitana which he edited from 1836. Row's New Biographical Dictionary (12 vols., 1840-8), prelected by him, was edited by others after his death.
Hugh James Rose: '''Hugh James Rose''' ([[1840]]-[[1878]]), military chaplain; son of Henry John Rose: M.A. Oriel Col lege, Oxford, 1867; held several posts as military chapiain: Times correspondent in Spain; published works on Spain.
John Rose: '''John Rose''' (?) AUGUSTUS or AUGUSTE ([[1757]]1841), usher to the French national convention in 1793; perhaps born in Scotland; said to have served in American war; usher to French national assembly, e. 1790; was entrusted with duty of arresting two brothers Robespierre and their comrades, 1794, and had to escape after executing his mission, but returned later; attached to French chamber of peers, 1814.

Categories: Missing encyclopedic articles (biography)