Magyar tribes
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Magyar tribes (Hungarian: magyar törzsek), the fundamental political units whose framework the Magyars lived within until they settled down in the Carpathian Basin.
[edit] Hétmagyar
The origin of the system of the tribes among the Magyars have not been discovered yet, but they have been distributed into seven tribes by the middle of the Ninth Century. The seven tribes (Jenő, Kér, Keszi, Kürt-Gyarmat, Megyer, Nyék and Tarján) formed a confideration called "Hétmagyar" (ie, "The Seven Magyars"). The seven tribe leaders accordingly in Etelköz took a blood oath among themselves. Thee seven leaders were: Álmos, Előd, Ond, Kond, Tas, Huba, Töhötöm.
The confedaration of the tribes was probably lead by two high-princes: the kende (who was its spiritual ruler) and the gyula (who was its military leader). The high-princes either were elected by the leaders of the tribes or were appointed by the Khagan of the Khazars who had been exerting influence over the Magyars.
Around 862 the seven tribes separated from the Khazars.
[edit] Joining of the Kabars
Before 881 three Turkic tribes rebelled against the rule of the Khagan of the Khazars, but they were suppressed. After their defeat they left the Khazar Empire and joined voluntarily to the confederation Hétmagyar. The three tribes was organised into one tribe, called Kabar, and later they played the role of vanguard and rear-guard during the joint military actions of the confederation.
[edit] Sources
- Korai Magyar Történeti Lexikon (9-14. század), főszerkesztő: Kristó, Gyula, szerkesztők: Engel, Pál és Makk, Ferenc (Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1994)
- Kristó, Gyula: A Kárpát-medence és a magyarság régmúltja (1301-ig) (Szegedi Középkortörténeti Könyvtár, Szeged, 1993)
- Magyarország Történeti Kronológiája I. – A kezdetektől 1526-ig, főszerkesztő: Benda Kálmán (Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1981)
