Madge Lake
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| Madge Lake | |
|---|---|
| Location | Duck Mountain Provincial Park, Saskatchewan |
| Coordinates | |
| Primary inflows | numerous unnamed creeks from the west, south, and east |
| Primary outflows | single unnamed seasonal creek flowing north |
| Basin countries | Canada |
| Max. length | 5 km |
| Max. width | 5 km |
| Surface area | 21 sq km |
| Average depth | 4 m, with three basins, partially separated by an extensive shallow area (<1 m) west of the lake center |
| Max. depth | 12 m |
| Shore length1 | 45 km, mostly marshy, some limestone rock |
| Surface elevation | 600 m |
| Islands | 4 |
| 1 Shore length is not a well-defined measure. | |
Madge Lake is located in eastern Saskatchewan, 18km east of the town of Kamsack and just a few kilometres west of the province's eastern boundary. It is centered near coordinates 51° 40' N, 101° 38' W. Road access to the lake is via Highway 57, which passes by the south shore of Madge Lake as it connects Highway 5 to Manitoba Highway 83.
Madge Lake is the largest body of water in Saskatchewan's Duck Mountain Provincial Park. The lake measures approximately 5km by 5km for a total surface area of 21 square kilometres.
Contents |
[edit] Recreational Opportunities
Madge Lake serves as Duck Mountain Provincial Park's central tourist attraction. Seasonal recreational activities in and around the lake include: fishing, hunting, hiking, bicycling, swimming, boating, water skiing, alpine skiing, cross country skiing, snowmobile riding, horseback riding, tobagganing, miniature golf, and 18-hole golf. The area also provides abundant wildlife viewing opportunities, especially in the immensely large local breeding flock of ducks and other waterfowl. Duck Mountain Lodge operates as a year-round resort hotel near the lake, and a large (summer) seasonal campground and rental cabins are also near its shores. Over 300 private vacation residences (cottages) can also be found around the lake. There are two public swimming beaches (Ministik Beach and Pickerel Point Beach) constructed with artificially supplied sand.
There are three species of game fish in the lake; walleye (locally known as pickerel), northern pike (locally known as jackfish), and yellow perch. The lake also has a large population of white suckers and many smaller fish species. Fish catches are augmented with the stocking of walleye. However fishing pressure is high and catches remain moderate by local standards. The lake produces very few trophy fish. Few of the other smaller lakes and ponds that surround Madge Lake support fish populations because of winter dieoff, but Jackfish Lake, 500m south of Highway 57, has been stocked with trout and is aerated in winter to support the oxygen levels under the ice.
[edit] Climate
The climate of eastern Saskatchewan features extreme seasonal variation, with winter temperatures below -30C and summer temperatures above +30C not uncommon. The lake therefore has very distinct seasons. It is ice covered in winter, usually from mid November to mid April. And the ice is thick enough to walk on, snowmobile on, and even drive vehicles on, from mid December to early March. During this winter season, snowmobile riding and ice fishing are primary recreations on the lake, while the surrounding park has facilities for both downhill and cross country skiing. Approximately 70cm of snow accumulates in the area through the winter, slowly building depth until it begins to actively melt in spring, usually from early March through to early April. The lake itself is however usually not completely clear of ice until early May. The "summer season" traditionally starts on Victoria Day weekend (late May), and ends on Canadian Labour Day weekend (early September). The lake is warm enough for comfortable swimming from early July to late August, although hardy souls may extend this season by several weeks. The spring and fall seasons (March and April, and October and November, respectively) are the quietest times on the lake, as neither summer (water) or winter (snow) recreational activities are practical in those seasons.
[edit] Environmental Concerns
The large amount of tourism development around the lake is the cause of growing environmental concern. Winter-time use of the park has especially increased with the development of the year-round lodge. The lake simply isn't as quiet as it used to be. The lake is now regarded as having reached its development potential and there exists considerable opposition to further development. Some proposed development projects - such as the increase in the number of cottages in Benito subdivision - have been shelved, and probably abandoned.
Also of concern is the lake's fluctuating water level, which as of 2008 is approximately 45cm lower than historic high levels of the 1940s and 1950s. The lake, being located on a rise of land, has a very small cachement area and so its level is very susceptible to variations in annual rainfall. The lake is also relatively shallow with a largely flat bottom, making even a small change in water level noticeable at the lakeshore. The shoreline has become disagreeably mucky as a result of the decline in water level. And an outlet stream draining the lake to the north ceased flowing in the early 1970s, increasing concerns of eutrophication and stagnation of the lake water. However, the lake had by the late 1990s risen again by some 40cm from its lowest levels of the late 1970s and the 1980s. While welcome, this rise drowned many young trees along the water edge, particularly on the north shore which is now clothed in dead saplings. Emergent marsh plants (notably Scirpus, Typha, and Phragmites) have also overtaken much shore line with the resubmergence of formerly dry lake bottom.
The variable water level has also caused other recent changes to the lake. At the time of lowest water level in the late 1970s, the lake's largest island, Spruce Island, was connected by dry land to the mainland, and a large gravel bar in the lake's north basin was exposed. Now, however, the land corridor to Spruce Island is bisected by a stretch of marsh. The gravel bar has similarly been resubmerged, becoming a hazard to boating and unfortunately extirpating the colony of common terns and herring gulls that bred there. These two species are no longer commonly seen on the lake now that their breeding site has drowned, but the recent rise in water level is to the apparent benefit of the lake's common loon, red-necked grebe, and beaver populations. Ducks are also thriving in the stretches of now-marshy shoreline. And fish catches have improved markedly since the low water days of the late 1970s and 1980s.
The lake level is down again (as of 2008) by about 10cm from the peak achieved in 1998, having dropped during the very dry year of 2001.
[edit] Hydrology
Madge Lake's hydrology remains fairly isolated at its current water level. However, a series of ponds and a heavily beaver-damned creek allows the slow, largely seasonal, drainage of its waters to the north despite the current lack of an obvious drainage outlet. Lake water eventually enters Bear Head Lake at the north-eastern corner of Duck Mountain Provincial Park. Bear Head Lake is then in turn drained by Bear Head Creek, which continues north-east, crossing the Manitoba boundary, to join the Swan River on its journey to Swan Lake. Madge Lake is therefore part of the Swan River drainage basin, rather than the watershed of the nearby Assiniboine River.
The lake water is slightly eutrophic and also moderately hard and alkaline, with a limestone-buffered pH of about 8.2. The water clarity in summer is limited by phytoplankton growth and wave-agitation of the calcareous clay bottom. A Secchi disk depth of as little as 1 metre is not uncommon after windy days. Water quality is however considered to still be good, and in fact, among the best in Saskatchewan's parks.
[edit] Surrounding Forest
The forest immediately surrounding the lake was last burned over in the mid 1800s[1], and so is now well over 100 years old and approaching climax. White spruce and balsam fir are now the dominant tree species on the shores of the lake. The lakeshore population of paper birch and trembling aspen is in decline, and deciduous trees are now fairly inconspicuous except in isolated pockets. This is a fairly recent development, as the deciduous trees that sprouted after the fires only started dying off in numbers in the 1980s. Before this time, the lake shore forest was dominated by deciduous trees. Therefore, for much of the 20th century, Spruce Island (which had escaped the fires) had a conspicuous evergreen forest in contrast to the younger deciduous forest of the surrounding shore, and thus the island received its name. However, the aging of the lakeshore forest means Spruce Island's forest is no longer visually distinctive.
photo by Saskatchewan Environment
[edit] External links
[edit] References
- ^ Dave Yanko. Majestic Madge.
