Madeira (shipwreck)
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| Madeira (Schooner-Barge) Shipwreck | |
|---|---|
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
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| Nearest city: | Beaver Bay, Minnesota |
| Built/Founded: | 1900 |
| Architect: | Chicago Shipbuilding Co. |
| Added to NRHP: | July 23, 1992 |
| NRHP Reference#: | 92000843 [1] |
| MPS: | Minnesota's Lake Superior Shipwrecks MPS |
| Governing body: | State |
| Career | |
|---|---|
| Laid down: | 1900 |
| Launched: | 1900 |
| Out of service: | November 28, 1905 |
| Fate: | Sunk in the Mataafa storm |
| General characteristics | |
| Length: | 436 ft (133 m) |
| Beam: | 50 ft (15 m) |
| Propulsion: | Towed by a steam-powered freighter with sails on three masts for assistance[2] |
The Madeira is a schooner-barge that sank off the coast of Minnesota in Lake Superior on November 28, 1905. A schooner-barge is a little-documented type of ship that functions like a barge, in that it is towed by a steamship, but also has sails like a schooner. This type of ship evolved from wooden sailing ships that were cut down into barges and towed behind wooden steamships, a practice which originated in the late 1880s in coastal areas. This design was used in the Great Lakes for transporting grain, iron ore, and other products.[3]
The Madeira was built at the Chicago yard of the Chicago Shipbuilding Company in 1900 primarily of heavy steel plates that were riveted together, with wood joinery used in other places. The ship had a flat plate keel and was shaped very flat and full to maximize cargo capacity.[2] The career of the ship is mostly unknown, except for some notoriety gained when it struck the former Sault Ste. Marie International Bridge at Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan in 1902.
On November 28, 1905, the Madeira, under tow of the steamer William Edenborn, was caught in a fierce storm with winds around 70 to 80 miles per hour, blowing snow onto the deck and kicking up huge swells. The captain of the William Edenborn feared the loss of his ship and made the decision to cut the Madeira loose. Some speculated at the time that the crew tried to set anchor and ride out the storm, but the wreck site later revealed that both anchors were still intact at the bow. About two hours after it was cut loose, the Madeira crashed into a cliff named Gold Rock. One of the crewmen leapt to shore with a safety line and was able to bring eight other men to safety. The first mate went down with the ship. Two days later, the tugboat Edna G rescued the stranded crewmen.[3]
The storm, named after the Mataafa wreck, ended up destroying or damaging about twenty vessels on Lake Superior. The estimated property loss was $1.75 million. The Pittsburgh Steamship Company lobbied the government to provide some protection in the form of a lighthouse. As a result of this appeal, Split Rock Lighthouse was built in 1910. Nevertheless, a lighthouse may not have prevented this disaster.[2]
In 1955, some divers from the Frigid Frogs dive club in Duluth, Minnesota first explored the wreck, but reported that there was little or no treasure on board. In 1960, a salvage company purchased the rights to the ship from the Pittsburgh Steamship Division of U.S. Steel Corporation. Divers removed one of the anchors and the ship's wheel, which were sold to the nearby Split Rock Trading Post. In 1974, a wrecking crew spent significant effort salvaging steel from the Madeira. The ship currently lies broken in three sections. The bow is upside-down in 40 to 50 feet of water, and the stern, containing a large steam winch and open hatches, lies on its starboard side at 65 feet. A small, roofless pilot house is at 75 feet.[4]
[edit] References
- ^ National Register Information System. National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service (2006-03-15).
- ^ a b c Madeira. Lake Superior Shipwrecks. Minnesota Historical Society (1996). Retrieved on 2007-02-18.
- ^ a b Gardner, Denis P. (2004). Minnesota Treasures: Stories Behind the State's Historic Places. St. Paul, Minnesota: Minnesota Historical Society. ISBN 0-87351-471-8.
- ^ Kohl, Cris (2005). The 100 Best Great Lakes Shipwrecks, Volume II, 2nd, West Chicago, IL: Seawolf Communications, Inc.. ISBN 0-9679976-6-6.
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