Macedonian Diaspora
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The Macedonian diaspora (Macedonian: Македонска Диjаспора, Makedonska dijaspora) is a term used to refer to the communities of Macedonian people living outside of the traditional Macedonian homelands in southeast Europe. Members of the diaspora can be identified as those who themselves, or whose ancestors, migrated from the Macedonian homelands.[1] A 1964 estimate put the number of Macedonian Emigrants at over 580,000.
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[edit] History
The Macedonian Diaspora was the consequence of either voluntary departure or forced migration over the past 150 years. They occured in six major waves.[2]
- 1. The First wave occured after the Failure of the Ilinden Uprisingin 1903. Many people fled to Turkey, Bulgaria, Egypt, Russia and Canada.
- 2. The "Pečalba" tradition which was common across Macedonia. Many people settled in the host countries. The pečalba lastest from the 1880's to the 1920's. Large settlements occured in Canada, Brazil, Argentina, Turkey and the United States.
- 3. Many people fled the persecution and discrimination of post World War Two governments in the region, most notably the Metaxas Regime in Greece. Most of these immigrants were Aegean Macedonians. They went to Australia, Turkey, the United States and Canada.
- 4. Post World War Two and the Greek Civil War thousands of Macedonians fled, were evacuated or emigrated. Many people fled in 1941 to escape the Bulgarian occupation of Macedonia. More still were evacuated after the failure of theDSE, the National Liberation Front and the Communist Party of Greece (KKE) to win the Greek Civil War. An estimated 55,000 people were evacuated to Romania, the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia and Poland[3]. Many Aegean Macedonians immigrated to Australia and France.
- 5. During the 1960's Yugoslavia lifted restrictions on emigration. Hundreds of thousands of Macedonians emigrated. Internal Yugoslav migration was also very prevalent, by 1991 an estimated 80,000 Macedonians were living throughout Yugoslavia. Primary destinations were Australia, France, Germany, Serbia, Italy, Sweden and
- 6. After the Breakup of Yugoslavia thousands of Macedonians emigrated. Many went to Germany, Italy and Switzerland[4]
[edit] Today
[edit] Diaspora By Country
[edit] Argentina
[edit] Austria
[edit] Australia
In the 2006 Census, 40,656 Australian residents are listed as having been born in the Republic of Macedonia.[5]. In addition, 83,978 residents declared their ancestry as Macedonian, either alone or in combination with another ancestry[6]. In 2001 the Macedonian language was spoken at home by 71,994 residents[7].
The Macedonians in Australia comprise of many refugees from the Greek Civil War. Although the Majority are from the Republic of Macedonia having migrated to Australia from the 1960's to the early 1990's. Community spokesperson's put the number of Macedonians at over 350,000 people[8]. The Republic of Macedonia claims that there are 200,000 Macedonians in Australia.[9] Demographer Charles Price puts the number of Macedonians in Australia at over 150,000 people.[10]
[edit] Brazil
An estimated 45,000 people in Brazil are of Macedonian Ancestry[11]. Many Pečalbari (seasonal workers) came to Brazil in the early 1900's looking for work. Many of them stayed and established themsleves in Brazil. The Macedonians of Brazil can be found in Porto Alegre, Rio de Janerio and Curitiba. Many of the descendants no longer speak the Macedonian language.
[edit] Canada
[edit] Czech Republic
[edit] Denmark
[edit] Former Yugoslavia
During the Years of the Former Yugoslavia thousands of Macedonians Emigrated to the other constituent republics. Many settled there permanently although most were temporary migrants. By 1980 there were large Macedonian population in every major city of the former Yugoslavia.[12]Over 60,000 Macedonians were scattered throughout the rest of Yugoslavia by 1991.[13]
[edit] Croatia
Macedonians have been emigrating to Croatia since the end of World War Two. Their numbers have fluctuating from 1,387 in 1948, 2,385 in 1953, 4,381 in 1961 and 5,625 in 1971. In 1981 there were 6,362 Macedonians in Croatia, this number fell to 4,270 in 2001. They are an officially recognised ethnic minority in Croatia. It is claimed that up to 15,000 Macedonians live in Croatia.
[edit] Bosnia and Hercegovina
[edit] Montenegro
[edit] Serbia
[edit] Slovenia
[edit] France
[edit] Hungary
[edit] Germany
[edit] Italy
[edit] Netherlands
[edit] Norway
[edit] Poland
[edit] Romania
[edit] Russia
[edit] Sweden
[edit] Switzerland
[edit] United States
[edit] United Kingdom
[edit] See Also
[edit] References
- ^ House of Macedonian Immigrants
- ^ Peter Hill, The Macedonians in Australia, (Victoria Park: Hesperian Press, 1989
- ^ http://faq.macedonia.org/history/12.1.3.html
- ^ Peter Hill, The Macedonians in Australia, (Victoria Park: Hesperian Press, 1989.
- ^ 2006 Census Table: Country of Birth of Person by Sex
- ^ 2006 Census Table: Ancestry (full classification list) by Sex
- ^ 2006 Census Table: Language Spoken at Home by Sex
- ^ http://www.macedonianhr.org.au/
- ^ Population Estimate from the MFA
- ^ Peter Hill, The Macedonians in Australia, (Victoria Park: Hesperian Press, 1989
- ^ Nasevski, Boško; Angelova, Dora. Gerovska, Dragica (1995). Македонски Иселенички Алманах '95. Skopje: Матица на Иселениците на Македонија.
- ^ http://www.ucm.es/BUCM/revistas/ghi/0214400x/articulos/CHCO9393110171A.PDF
- ^ http://www.ucm.es/BUCM/revistas/ghi/0214400x/articulos/CHCO9393110171A.PDF
