M. T. Haryono
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Mas Tirtodarmo Haryono (20 January 1924 - 1 October 1965) was a soldier in the Indonesian Army who was killed during an attempt to kidnap him from his home by members of the 30 September Movement in the early hours of October 1, 1965.
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[edit] Early life
Harjono was born in Indonesia's second city, Surabaya, East Java. He was fortunate enough to obtain a standard of education denied to most of his peers, attending an elementary school for European children and then high school in Dutch-occupied Indonesia. When the Japanese invaded, he was sent to a Japanese medical school in Jakarta, but did not graduate[1].
[edit] Career with the Indonesian military
Haryono was in Jakarta when Indonesia declared independence[2]. Like many Indonesian youths, Haryono joined other youths to fight the Dutch, then joined the TKR, the forerunner of the Indonesian Army. Due to his superior education, he was made a major. His command of Dutch, English and German meant he was in demand during negotiations between Indonesia and the colonial forces[1]. On September 1, 1945, he was appointed head of the communications office in Jakarta[3]. In 1946, he was made secretary to the Indonesian delegation in the negotiations with the Dutch and the British. In November 1949, he also served as the secretary of the disarming section of the defense commission at the Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference, at which the Dutch agreed to transfer sovereignty to Indonesia. He returned to the Netherlands in July 1950 as military attaché to the Indonesian embassy in the Hague, then on his return to Indonesia in October 1954, he joined the Army General Staff as Army Quartermaster. From August 1962 to 1964 he was Army Inspector general, and in 1963 was also appointed head of the Strategic Materials Section of the Supreme Operational Command (KOTI). His final position, which he took up on July 1 1964, was third deputy to Army chief of staff Lieutenant General Ahmad Yani.
[edit] Death
In the early hours of October 1, 1965, members of the 30 September Movement led by Sergeant Bungkus arrived at the home of Haryono at Jalan Prambanan No. 8. They told his wife that the general had been summoned by President Sukarno. Haryono was suspicious and told his wife to tell the men to return the next morning, but Bungkus told him to come immediately. While Bungkus was shouting for Haryono to come out, the general told his wife and children to wait in another room. The kidnappers then fired shots at the locked front door. When Haryono tried to seize one of the soldiers' weapons, he was stabbed to death with bayonets. His body was put in a truck and taken to Lubang Buaya, the rebel's base on the southern outskirts of Jakarta. There it was dropped into a disused well along with the bodies of the other murdered generals[4].
All the bodies were recovered on October 4 and the generals were given a state funeral. Haryono was buried with his colleagues at the Heroes Cemetery in Kalibata on October 5. The same day, by order of President Sukarno, he was posthumously promoted and made a Hero of the Revolution.
[edit] References
- Bachtiar, Harsja W. (1988), Siapa Dia?: Perwira Tinggi Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Darat (Who is S/He?: Senior Officers of the Indonesian Army), Penerbit Djambatan, Jakarta, ISBN 979-428-100-X
- Mutiara Sumber Widya (publisher)(1999) Album Pahlawan Bangsa (Album of National Heroes), Jakarta
- Secretariat Negara Republik Indonesia (1994) Gerakan 30 September Pemberontakan Partai Komunis Indonesia: Latar Belakang, Aksi dan Penumpasannya (The 30 September Movement/Communist Party of Indonesia: Bankground, Actions and its Annihilation) ISBN 979-08300-025
- Sudarmanto, Y.B. (1996) Jejak-Jejak Pahlawan dari Sultan Agung hingga Syekh Yusuf (The Footsteps of Heroes from Sultan Agung to Syekh Yusuf), Penerbit Grasindo, Jakarta ISBN 979-553-111-5
