M. H. de Young Memorial Museum
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The M.H. de Young Museum (commonly called simply The de Young) is a fine arts museum located in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park. It is named for early San Francisco newspaperman M. H. de Young.
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[edit] History
The museum originally opened in 1895 as an outgrowth of the California Midwinter International Exposition of 1894 (a fair modeled on the Chicago World's Columbian Exposition of the previous year). The building was originally decorated with cast-concrete ornaments on the façade. The ornaments were removed in 1949 as they began to fall and had become a hazard. The 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake severely damaged the building.
Architects Jacques Herzog and Pierre de Meuron and engineers Arup designed the newly rebuilt structure, which reopened on October 15, 2005. The current building is clad with perforated copper plates, which will change colors through exposure to the elements. A 144 ft. (44 m) observation tower allows visitors to see much of Golden Gate Park's Music Concourse (see below) and rises above the Park's treetops providing a view of the Golden Gate and Marin Headlands.
As part of the agreement that created the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco in 1972, the de Young's collection of European art was sent to the Legion of Honor. In compensation, the de Young received the right to display the bulk of the organization's anthropological holdings. These include significant pre-Hispanic works from Teotihuacan and Peru, as well as indigenous tribal art from sub-Saharan Africa.
[edit] Collections
The courtyard of the de Young features a sculptural installation by Andy Goldsworthy named Drawn Stone.
The de Young also exhibits American decorative pieces, textiles, and paintings from the Rockefeller Collection of American Art. It is home to the annual floral exhibition Bouquets to Art. Other permanent collections include the African and Oceanic collections which, along with the 'Art of the America's' collection, were curated by Kathleen Berrin.
[edit] Architecture
The controversial new M.H. De Young Museum building was completed in October 2005. It stands near the San Andreas fault, where the original De Young had been severely damaged in 1989 by the Loma Prieta earthquake. The terrain and seismic activity posed a problem for the designers Herzog & de Meuron and principal architects Fong & Chan.
To address the problem of the fault, “[the building] can move up to three feet (91 centimeters) due to a unique system of ball-bearing sliding plates and viscous fluid dampers that absorb kinetic energy and convert it to heat” (Ashmore).
Location in the middle of an urban park has also been controversial, and San Francisco voters twice defeated bond measures that were to fund the project. After the second defeat, the museum itself planned to relocate to a location in the financial district. However, an effort by supporters arose keep the museum in the Park.
In reaction to this history of controversy, the designers were sensitive to the appearance of the building in its natural setting. The entire exterior is clad in 163,118 ft2 (15,153 square m2) of copper, which is expected to eventually oxidize and take on a greenish tone and a distinct texture to echo the nearby eucalyptus trees. In order to further harmonize with the surroundings, shapes were cut into the top to reveal gardens and courtyards where 48 trees had been planted. 5.12 acres (20,700 square meters) of new landscaping had been planted as well, with 344 transplanted trees and 69 historic boulders.
The twisting 144 foot (44 m) tall tower is a distinctive and controversial feature, and can be seen sticking up through the canopy of Golden Gate Park from many areas of San Francisco. (Source- “De Young By The Numbers.” San Francisco Chronicle).
[edit] Works Cited
Web:
- Ashmore, Lisa. “San Francisco's New de Young.” Architecture Week. http://www.architectureweek.com/2006/0301/design_1-1.html
- Guthrie, Julian. “De Young's Rebirth.” 15 October 2005. San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2005/10/15/MNGEAF8V7N1.DTL&type=art.
- King, John. “Into The Modern Age.” 9 October 2005. San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2005/10/09/CMG62EL98I1.DTL.
- Sardar, Zahid. “Painting A New Landscape.” 9 October 2005. San Francisco Chronicle. 22 September 2006. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2005/10/09/CMG65ELAS11.DTL.
Images:
- DeFeo, Mark. An aerial view of the new museum. 26 September 2006. www.sfgate.com/cgibin/object/article?f=/c/a/2005/10/15/MNGEAF8V7N1.DTL&o=1&type=art.
- McCullagh, Declan. 26 September 2006. www.mccullagh.org/photo/1ds-4/de-young-museum.
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