Luther Ely Smith
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| Luther Ely Smith | |
| Born | June 11, 1873 Downers Grove, Illinois |
|---|---|
| Died | April 2, 1951 St. Louis, Missouri |
| Cause of death | Heart attack |
| Burial place | Bellefontaine Cemetery |
| Education | Williston Northampton School (1890), Amherst College (1894), Washington University in St. Louis (1897) |
| Occupation | Lawyer |
| Known for | "Founder of Jefferson National Expansion Memorial" |
| Spouse | Sa Lees Kennard |
| Children | Addeline Smith Boyd, Sa Lees Smith Seddon, Luther Ely Smith, Jr. |
Luther Ely Smith (June 11, 1873 - April 2, 1951) was a St. Louis, Missouri lawyer, civic booster and is called by the National Park Service the "father of the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial."
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[edit] Early life
Smith was born in Downers Grove, Illinois. He attended prep school at Williston Northampton School in Easthampton, Massachusetts graduating in 1890; Amherst College where he was a classmate of future Chief Supreme Court Justice Harlan F. Stone and was a year ahead of Calvin Coolidge and Dwight W. Morrow. He graduated in 1894 and then received a law degree at Washington University in St. Louis in 1897.
He volunteered with Third U.S Volunteer Engineers during the Spanish-American War.
[edit] St. Louis Booster
After the war he started a law practice in St. Louis and became active in various civic functions including in 1914 when he started that Pageant-Masque on Art Hill in Forest Park (St. Louis). The outdoor pagents were to illuminate the need for a more permanent outdoor theater space in the park resulting in the establishment of the The MUNY.
He became chairman of the City Plan Commission and was to hire Harland Bartholomew as city planner in 1916 -- making St. Louis the first city to have such a full time position.
In World War I, he volunteered and served as a captain in the field artillery.
After the war he was to work on establishing the Memorial Plaza -- a collection of landmark buildings including the Civil Courts Building and Kiel Auditorium.
[edit] Jefferson National Expansion Memorial
In the 1920s his Amherst school-mate Coolidge appointed him to a federal commission to build the George Rogers Clark Memorial in Vincennes, Indiana.
In the 1930s the United States was looking to build a memorial to Thomas Jefferson (which would eventually become the Jefferson Memorial in Washington, DC) however Smith said that while riding a train back to St. Louis from a meeting on the Clark memorial, he happened upon the idea that the memorial should be placed on historic property in St. Louis where the expansion to the west occurred but had become a dowdy waterfront.
Smith pitched the idea to Mayor Bernard Dickmann. The two then pitched the idea again to civic leaders. Smith was became chairman of the committee to investigate further. The committee which became the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Association was formally chartered in April 1934 and he was to serve as its chairman for every year except until 1949 after the selection of the signature Gateway Arch.
The plan was for the memorial to be financed as a joint federal government and city of St. Louis project. The proposed project would require clearing 40 blocks in the heart of St. Louis and expected to cost $30 million was met with considerable opposition. However, voters on September 10, 1935, approved a $7.5 million bond issue for the project. Franklin Roosevelt signed an executive order on December 21, 1935, authorizing the Department of Interior to acquire and develop the memorial.
The federal government acquired the property via condemnation rather than negotiated sales and court cases delayed the process. But the entire 90-acre site was cleared by May 1942.
Further work was delayed due to World War II. In 1941 he was served as chairman of the state organizational committee that created the Missouri Plan for non-partisan selection of judges.
During the war, Smith was quoted about his vision for the site that there should be "a central figure, a shaft, a building, an arch, or something which would symbolize American culture and civilization."
In 1946 he attempted to raise $225,000 for an architecture contest for the Memorial. He was to personally invest $40,000 to meet the requirement.
In 1948 he was to write contest winner Eero Saarinen:
- It was your design, your marvelous conception, your brilliant forecast into the future, that has made the realization of the dream possible - a dream that you and the wonderful genius at your command and the able assistance of your associates are going to achieve far beyond the remotest possibility that we had dared visualize in the beginning.
There were delays in constructing the Arch and Smith died in 1951 before the arch construction began in 1963.
