Luna 10

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**Luna 10**
Orbital elements

Organization:	Soviet Union
Major Contractors:	GSMZ Lavochkin
Mission Type:	Planetary Science Lunar Orbit
Satellite of:	Moon
Launch:	March 31, 1966 at 10:48:00 UTC
Launch Vehicle:	Molniya 8K78M (4-Stage R-7 / SS-6)
Mission Highlight:	Entered lunar orbit on April 3, 1966, 18:44 UTC.
Mission Duration:	60-days. Last contact May 30, 1966
Mass:	1,582 kg
NSSDC ID:	1966-027A
Webpage:	NASA NSSDC Master Catalog
Semimajor Axis:	2,413.0 km
Eccentricity:	.14
Inclination:	71.9°
Orbital Period:	178.05 minutes
Aposelene:	2,738 km
Periselene:	2,088 km
Orbits:	485
Instruments
Magnetometer :	Lunar magnetic field
Gamma-ray spectrometer :
Five gas-discharge counters :
Two ion traps/charged particle trap :
Piezoelectric micrometeorite detector :
Infrared detector :
Low-energy x-ray photon counters :

Luna 10 (E-6S series) was an unmanned space mission of the Luna program, also called Lunik 10. The Luna 10 spacecraft was launched towards the Moon from an Earth orbiting platform on March 31, 1966. It was the first artificial satellite of the Moon (or another heavenly body, for that matter). The spacecraft entered lunar orbit on April 3, 1966 and completed its first orbit 3 hours later (on April 4, Moscow time). Scientific instruments included a gamma-ray spectrometer for energies between 0.3—3 MeV (50–500 pJ), a triaxial magnetometer, a meteorite detector, instruments for solar-plasma studies, and devices for measuring infrared emissions from the Moon and radiation conditions of the lunar environment. Gravitational studies were also conducted. The spacecraft played back to Earth The Internationale during the Twenty-third Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Luna 10 was battery powered and operated for 460 lunar orbits and 219 active data transmissions before radio signals were discontinued on May 30, 1966.

After a midcourse correction on 1 April, Luna 10, the second of two hastily prepared Soviet Ye-6S probes (that is, the backup), successfully entered lunar orbit two days later at 18:44 UT, thus becoming the first man-made object to go into orbit around another planetary body. A 245-kilogram instrument compartment separated from the main bus, which was in a 350 x 1,000-kilometer orbit inclined at 71.9° to the lunar equator. The spacecraft carried a set of solid-state oscillators that had been programmed to reproduce the notes of the Internationale so that it could be broadcast live to the 23rd Communist Party Congress. During a rehearsal on the night of 3 April, the playback went well, but the following morning, controllers discovered a missing note and played the previous night’s tape to the assembled gathering at the Congress—claiming it was a live broadcast from the Moon. Luna 10 conducted extensive research in lunar orbit, gathering important data on the weakness of the Moon’s magnetic field, its radiation belts, and the nature of lunar rocks (which were found to be comparable to terrestrial basalt rocks), cosmic radiation, and micrometeoroid density. Perhaps its most important finding was the first evidence of mass concentrations (called “mascons”)—areas of high density below the mare basins that distort lunar orbital trajectories. Their discovery has usually been credited to the American Lunar Orbiter series. Last contact was on 30 May 1966.

Launch Date/Time: 1966-03-31 at 10:48:00 UTC
On-orbit dry mass: 540 kg