Ludwigsorden
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The "Ludwigsorden" (English:"Order of Louis"), was an order of the Grand Duchy of Hesse which was awarded to meritorious soldiers and civilians from 1807 to 1918.
[edit] History
The order was founded by Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine as an order of merit without name or statute on August 25, 1807. On December 14, 1831 statutes were adopted for the order, giving it its formal name, dividing it into five classes, and setting the terms for award. It was to be awarded to meritorious soldiers and civilians "von den obersten Stufe bis auf die unterste" (from the highest level to the lowest).
The order became obsolete with the abdication of the last Grand Duke of Hesse in November 1918.
[edit] Notable recipients
- William I, German Emperor (1838) - German Emperor (1871-1888) and King of Prussia (1861-1888).
- Alexander II of Russia (1839) - Tsar of Russia (1855-1881).
- Adolph, Duke of Nassau (1843) - last Duke of Nassau (1839-1866), later Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1890-1905)
- Franz Joseph I (1851) - Emperor of Austria (1848-1916)
- Alexander Mikhailovich Gorchakov (1857) - Russian minister of foreign affairs and later chancellor of Russia (1863-1882).
- William III of the Netherlands (1858) - King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1849–1890).
- Albert Edward, Prince of Wales and Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (1862) - later King Edward VII of the United Kingdom.
- Ludwig II of Bavaria (1863) - King of Bavaria (1864-1886)
- Leopold II of Belgium (1865) - King of the Belgians (1865-1909)
- Carol I of Romania (1869) - Prince and later King of Romania (1866-1914)
- Louis Mountbatten, 1st Marquess of Milford Haven (1870) - nephew of Louis III, Grand Duke of Hesse
- Alexander, Prince of Bulgaria (1870) - nephew of Louis III, Grand Duke of Hesse
- Otto von Bismarck (1871) - Chancellor of Germany (1871-1890)
- Helmuth von Moltke the Elder (1871) - German field marshal and strategist; Chief of the Prussian General Staff during the wars of German unification.
- Karl Eberhard Herwarth von Bittenfeld (1871) - German field marshal during the wars of German unification.
- Benedict Samuel Levi (1872) - Rabbi at Giessen and Professor at the University of Würzburg.
- Karl Schlösser (1874) - German artist living in London.
[edit] References
- Maximilian Gritzner,Handbuch der Ritter- und Verdienstorden", Leipzig 1893
