Lucien Lévy-Bruhl

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Lucien Lévy-Bruhl
Lucien Lévy-Bruhl
Born	19 Apr 1857
Died	13 Mar 1939
Nationality	French
Fields	philosophy

Lucien Lévy-Brühl (1857-1939) was a French scholar trained in philosophy, but who made contributions to the budding fields of sociology, and ethnology. His primary field of study involved primitive mentality.

Lévy-Brühl was the first anthropologist to address comparative cognition. In his work How Natives Think (1910), Lévy-Brühl speculated about what he posited as the two basic mindsets of mankind, "primitive" and "Western." The primitive mind does not differentiate the supernatural from reality, but rather uses "mystical participation" to manipulate the world. According to Lévy-Brühl, moreover, the primitive mind doesn't address contradictions. The Western mind, by contrast, uses speculation and logic. Like many theorists of his time, Lévy-Brühl believed in a historical and evolutionary teleology leading from the primitive mind to the Western mind.

Evans Pritchard critiqued Lévy-Brühl, arguing that the primitive mind addresses contradictions, but does so differently.

[edit] Works

Les fonctions mentales dans les sociétés inférieures (1910), translated as How Natives Think (1926)
La mentalité primitive (1922), translated as Primitive Mentality (1923)
L'âme primitive (1927), translated as The "Soul" of the Primitive (1928, reedited in 1965 with a foreword by E.E. Evans-Pritchard)
Le surnaturel et la nature dans la mentalité primitive (1931), translated as Primitives and the Supernatural (1936)
La mythologie primitive (Primitive Mythology, 1935)
L'expérience mystique et les symboles chez les primitifs (The Mystic Experience and Primitive Symbolism, 1938)
Les carnets de Lucien Lévy-Bruhl (Notebooks of Lucien Lévy-Bruhl, published posthumously in 1949)