LPX (form factor)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Computer form factors	PCB Size (mm)
WTX	356×425
AT	350×305
Baby-AT	330×216
BTX	325×266
ATX	305×244
LPX	330×229
NLX	254×228
microATX	244×244
DTX	244×203
FlexATX	229×191
Mini-DTX	203×170
EBX	203×146
microATX (Min.)	171×171
Mini-ITX	170×170
EPIC (Express)	165×115
Nano-ITX	120×120
COM Express	125×95
ETX / XTX	114×95
Pico-ITX	100×72
PC/104(-Plus)	96×90
microETXexpress
nanoETXexpress
mobile-ITX	75×45

LPX (Low Profile eXtension), originally developed by Western Digital, was a loosely defined motherboard format (form factor) widely used in the 1990s.

There was never any official LPX specification, but the design normally featured the main I/O ports mounted on the back of the motherboard (something that was later adopted by the ATX form factor), and a riser card in the center of the motherboard, on which the PCI and ISA slots were mounted. Due to the lack of standardised specification, riser cards were seldom compatible from one motherboard design to another, much less one manufacturer to another. The internal PSU connector was of the same type used in the AT form factor; most LPX cases were compatible with AT power supplies, though some used models that were smaller than standard, and usually manufacturer-specific.

The specification was very popular in the early-mid 90's, and briefly displaced the AT form factor as the most commonly used. However, the release of the Pentium II in 1997 highlighted the flaws of the format, as a good airflow was important in Pentium II systems, owing to the relatively high heat dispersal requirements of the processor. LPX systems suffered a restricted airflow due to the centrally placed riser cards. The introduction of the AGP format further complicated matters, as the design not only increased the pincount on riser cards, but it limited most cards to one AGP, one PCI and one ISA slot, which was too restrictive for most users. Some lower-quality LPX boards didn't even feature a real AGP slot, but simply used a physical AGP slot and connected it to the PCI bus. This was seldom noticed however, as many "AGP" graphics cards of the time were in fact PCI cards internally, and did not take advantage of the features offered by AGP.

LPX was phased out around 1998. NLX was the intended successor, though many manufacturers chose MicroATX or proprietary motherboard formats instead.