Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy

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Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy ("LEACH") is a routing protocol in wireless sensor network (WSN). It is an hierachical protocol. Stochastic Cluster head selection algorithm is used in this protocol.

It is

  • a Cluster based approach
  • Random cluster head selection each round with rotation
  • Communication done with cluster head via TDMA communicating with non cluster nodes)
  • Cluster membership adaptive
  • Data aggregation is done at cluster head
  • Cluster head communicate directly with sink or user
  • Based on the model the following can be said about
    • The sources and users are stationary and events monitored
    • The interest propagation is predetermined
    • Data dissemination mechanism is broadcasting

Together, these features allow LEACH to achieve the desired properties. Initial simulations show that LEACH is an energy-efficient protocol that extends system lifetime.

Wireless distributed microsensor systems will enable the reliable monitoring of a variety of environments for both civil and military applications. Communication protocols, which can have significant impact on the overall energy dissipation of these networks. It has been found that the conventional protocols of direct transmission, minimum-transmission-energy, multi-hop routing, and static clustering may not be optimal for sensor networks, because of this reason LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) has been proposed which is a clustering-based protocol that utilizes randomized rotation of local cluster base stations (cluster-heads) to evenly distribute the energy load among the sensors in the network. LEACH uses localized coordination to enable scalability and robustness for dynamic networks, and incorporates data fusion into the routing protocol to reduce the amount of information that must be transmitted to the base station. Simulations show that LEACH can achieve as much as a factor of 8 reduction in energy dissipation compared with conventional routing protocols. In addition, LEACH is able to distribute energy dissipation evenly throughout the sensors, doubling the useful system lifetime for the networks we simulated.