Losada line
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The Losada Line was found by mathematician-psychologist Marcial Losada while researching the differences in positivity/negativity between high and low performance teams (Losada, 1999, 2004). The Losada Line is a positivity/negativity ratio of 2.9013 and it represents the lower bound of the Losada Zone. Later on, it was corroborated by Barbara Fredrickson, a psychologist at the University of Michigan, in individuals and by Waugh and Fredrickson in relationships (Waugh & Fredrickson, 2006). They found that the Losada line separates people who are able to reach a complex understanding of others from those who do not. People who "flourish" are above the Losada Line, and those who "languish" are below it (Fredrickson & Losada, 2005). The Losada Line bifurcates the type of dynamics that are possible for an interactive human system. Below it, the dynamics correspond to point attractors; at or above it, the dynamics correspond to a complexor (complex order).
[edit] References
- Losada, M. (1999). The complex dynamics of high performance teams. Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 30 (9-10), 179-192.[1]
- Losada, M. & Heaphy, E. (2004). The role of positivity and connectivity in the performance of business teams: A nonlinear dynamics model. American Behavioral Scientist, 47 (6), 740-765.[2]
- Fredrickson, B. L. & Losada, M. (2005). Positive affect and the complex dynamics of human flourishing. American Psychologist, 60 (7) 678-686.[3]
- Waugh, C. E. & Fredrickson, B. L. (2006). Nice to know you: Positive emotions, self-other overlap, and complex understanding in the formation of a new relationship. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 1 (2), 93-106.
