Loretta de Braose
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[edit] Loretta de Braose, countess of Leicester
(c. 1185-c. 1266) Daughter of William de Braose, 7th Baron Abergavenny, lord of Bramber & Radnor, Abergavenny & Brecon (d. 1211) and Matilda de St. Valery, one of four daughters and three sons who survived to adulthood. She married Robert, 4th earl of Leicester "fitz Parnel" (d. 1204), son and heir of Robert, 3rd earl of Leicester and Petronilla de Grandmesnil, in or soon after 1196. For many of the later years of their short marriage, Earl Robert was on the continent fighting for King John. The couple were either childless or no child survived the earl, whose heirs were thus his two sisters.
When widowed, Loretta was to receive a dower of 100 pounds' worth of land and the dowry estates she had brought to her marriage. The political circumstances, fierce fighting on the Welsh marches, and her mother-in-law's claims to certain estates assigned as dower for Loretta all contributed to her financial woes, and she was forced to request a loan from the crown of 100 marcs in 1207.[1]
William de Braose had been one of King John's closest associates, but soon after Countess Loretta was widowed, her father began to rapidly lose favor with the king. Disfavor grew into a vendetta against the de Braose family and associates. King John campaigned against William, his wife Matilda, and their son-in-law Walter de Lacy in Ireland. Matilda and her eldest son, William, were captured and imprisoned in Windsor Castle. When negotiations failed, the king declared William de Braose an outlaw. John learned of a rumored plot to depose him and offer the throne to Simon de Montfort, Loretta’s nephew by marriage and a famed crusader against the Cathar heretics in southern France. John reacted by confiscating land, imprisoning suspects & their family members in the years 1209-11. Loretta went into exile along with other members of her family, including her brother Giles, bishop of Hereford. Her mother and eldest brother were starved to death in captivity; her sister Annora was held until 1214; her maternal uncle and four young nephews were also held for years. Loretta's lands were confiscated.
Loretta returned to England sometime between her father's death in 1211 and her official declaration that she had remained single, issued in Dec. 1214. Her lands were restored to her, and she held them at least four years. In 1221, she had become a recluse or anchoress at Hackington, just north of Canterbury in Kent. Archbishop Stephen Langton approved all the arrangements for her seclusion. She lived there for at least forty-five years and died on March 4, 1266 or 1267.
In April, 1265, her great-nephew Simon de Montfort, now earl of Leicester by right of his mother, Loretta's sister Annora, held King Henry III as a result of the successful baronial rebellion he had led. He wrote to "the recluse of Hackington" in the king's name for information regarding the rights and liberties of the earldom of Leicester three months before his death at the Battle of Evesham.
Countess Loretta also championed the new Franciscan order in England through her network of contacts with influential individuals.
[edit] References
F. M. Powicke, "Loretta, Countess of Leicester," Historical Essays in Honour of James Tait, ed. J. G. Edwards et al. (Manchester: 1933), pp. 247-274.
D. Crouch, "Loretta countess of Leicester," Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
