Lope García de Castro

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Lope García de Castro (d. 1576 in Madrid) was a Spanish colonial administrator, member of the Council of the Indies and of the Audiencias of Panama and Lima. From September 2, 1564 to November 26, 1569 he was interim viceroy of Peru.

In 1563 he was sent to Panama by the Council of the Indies to apply the Council's decision to end the Audiencia of Guatemala and attach that territory to the Audiencia of Panama. He sailed from Spain on October 8, 1563, arriving in Panama in 1564. He served as governor of Panama until continuing on to Lima.

In February 1564, Peruvian Viceroy Diego López de Zúñiga y Velasco died suddenly, or was killed. The president of the Audiencia of Lima, Juan de Saavedra briefly served as interim viceroy. García de Castro was sent from Panama to take over the positions of governor, captain general, and president of the Audiencia. He was in effect interim viceroy. He arrived in Lima on September 22, 1564 and served until 1569.

The Indians of Peru had an oral tradition referring to Pacific islands known to Hahuachimbi and Ninachumbi. These mythical islands came to the attention of the Spanish in Peru, and even before their discovery were known as the Solomon Islands (named for the biblical king) or the Islands of Gold. Viceroy García de Castro decided to send a naval expedition to the west to investigate whether these islands were real. He wrote to King Philip II that he was sending his nephew, Alvaro de Mendaña de Neira, with 100 men. The expedition consisted of two ships. It discovered Wake Island and the Solomon Islands.

He suspected the Inca of plotting rebellion in Chile and Argentina. After discovering some evidence to support this, he ordered all horses and firearms confiscated from the Indians.

In 1567 an expedition under Captain Martín Ruiz de Gamboa was sent to subdue the island of Chiloé (Chile). Ruiz met little resistance. He founded the city of Castro there, named for Viceroy García de Castro.

On August 21, 1565, King Philip created a royal mint in Lima, at the urging of a previous viceroy, Diego López de Zúñiga y Velasco, but it was in existence only briefly.