Lookup

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In computing, lookup usually refers to searching a data structure for an item that satisfies some specified property. For example, variable lookup performed by a (scripting) language interpreter, virtual machine or other similar engine usually consists of performing certain actions to dynamically find correspondence between variable identifier and actual variable internal representation, usually involving symbol table lookup. Symbol table lookup can be performed either during run-time (interpreter or scripting engine), or during compile time (compiler). Hybrid scheme when lookup is performed both during translation phase and then later during runtime is also possible (e.g. bytecode compiler and virtual machine). In all of these cases, search item is a variable and search property (or search criteria) is a variable name. Variable lookup is usually performed according to variable visibility rules that are specific to the (scripting) language in question.

Another example is DNS lookup. In DNS lookup, DNS server is requested to find host IP address given host domain name. Here the search criteria (property) is a domain name and search result (item) is an IP address. A domain name may be associated with several IP addresses. Reverse DNS lookup performs the reverse task: given IP address, it attempts to resolve domain name associated with the specified IP address.

Spreadsheet software typically has functions such as LOOKUP, HLOOKUP, and VLOOKUP, to find either a value in a row or column that matches the argument, or in the case of range lookup, to find an interval in a set of adjacent intervals (given by their limits, specified in a row or column) which contains the argument. The result is the corresponding value in a specified parallel row or column.