London commuter belt
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The London commuter belt is the metropolitan area surrounding London from which it is possible to commute to work in the capital. It is alternatively known as the London metropolitan area[1] or the Southeast metropolitan area.[2] It should not be confused with Greater London or the Greater London Urban Area.
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[edit] Scope
The boundaries are not fixed; they expand as transport options improve and affordable housing moves further away from London.[3] The commuter belt currently covers much of the South East region and part of the East of England region, including the Home Counties of Kent, Surrey, Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Hertfordshire and Essex. The population of Greater London and these adjacent counties was 13,945,000 in 2001.[4]
[edit] Green belt
Much of the undeveloped part of this area lies within a designated Metropolitan Green belt so further significant urban development is generally resisted by local authorities and the Planning Inspectorate. It was expected that had this policy not been adopted during the 1940s and 1950s the area now perceived as the commuter belt would have been fully urbanized by about 1980, and the administrative boundaries of Greater London might well have been more extensive.
The Green belt currently covers nearly all of Surrey, eastern Berkshire, southern Buckinghamshire, southern and mid Hertfordshire, southern Bedfordshire, south-west Essex, and western Kent.
[edit] Future
The approval, in principle, of a second runway at Stansted Airport and the introduction of domestic train services along High Speed 1 between St Pancras railway station, Stratford International station in East London and stations at Ebbsfleet Valley and Ashford in Kent are expected to pull the area's limits outwards in north easterly and south easterly directions respectively bringing greater symmetry to the commuter belt as seen from space.
[edit] Definitions
[edit] Travel to Work Area
The London Travel to Work Area, defined by the Office for National Statistics as the area for which "of the resident economically active population, at least 75% actually work in the area, and also, that of everyone working in the area, at least 75% actually live in the area."[5] has a population of 9,294,800 (2005 estimate).[6]
[edit] Environs of Greater London
There are seventeen local government districts that share a boundary with Greater London in the East and South East regions. Most districts are entirely, or have sections, within the bounds of the M25 motorway or are within 15-20 miles (24-32 km) of Charing Cross. Adjacent districts often share some characteristics of Outer London such as forming part of the continuous urban sprawl, being served by the London Underground, being covered by the London telephone area code, until 2000 forming part of the Metropolitan Police District and having a relatively high employed population working in London. These districts are:
| Region | County | Districts where less than 25% of those employed work in London |
Districts where more than 25% of those employed work in London[7] |
|---|---|---|---|
| East | Hertfordshire | Welwyn Hatfield | Broxbourne, Hertsmere, Three Rivers |
| Essex | n/a | Brentwood, Epping Forest, Thurrock | |
| South East | Kent | n/a | Dartford, Sevenoaks |
| Surrey | Mole Valley, Reigate and Banstead | Elmbridge, Epsom and Ewell, Spelthorne, Tandridge | |
| Berkshire | Slough | ||
| Buckinghamshire | n/a | South Bucks |
Areas to the west of London also come within the commuter pull of Reading.[7]
[edit] ONS Greater London Urban Area
The Office for National Statistics includes the following urban sub-units from adjacent regions in their "Greater London Urban Area" :
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South East Region |
East Region |
[edit] Adjacent sub-regions
The East of England London commuter belt sub-region is defined as the whole of Hertfordshire together with the Essex districts of Brentwood, Chelmsford, Epping Forest, Harlow and Uttlesford.[8]
The South East England London fringe sub-region is defined as a large proportion of Surrey including all of Spelthorne, Runnymede, Woking, Elmbridge, Epsom and Ewell and parts of the districts of Surrey Heath, Guildford, Mole Valley, Reigate and Banstead, and Tandridge; and part of the Sevenoaks district of Kent.[9]
[edit] Further out
Beyond these districts are dormitory towns and ribbon developments which have occurred around major roads and railway lines whose economy relies entirely on the capital. Even further still are other towns with an economy outwith that of London but which nevertheless serve as commuter bases. The vast majority lie within East and South East England. However, the high price of property in even these places has forced some commuters to travel into London from towns and cities in locations as far away as the East and West Midlands, South West England and South Wales.
In recent years, the rapid growth of low cost airlines has even seen workers commuting to London from the North of England and Scotland.
[edit] List of towns
Indicative and by no means exhaustive list of towns in the area:
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ London Assembly - London in its Regional Setting (PDF)
- ^ Mayor of London - London Plan (PDF, 7.6MB)
- ^ BBC News - The new commuter belt. 18 July 2006.
- ^ Demographia - Southeast England Population by Area from 1891
- ^ Travel to Work Areas (TTWAs) Beginners' guide to UK geography, Office for National Statistics
- ^ State of the Cities Database Report on the Urban Competitiveness Theme for: - London TTWA (LA) State of the Cities Database - Department for Communities and Local Government (Mid year population estimates on page 4 of the report)
- ^ a b London Assembly - What is London?. Retrieved on 2008-03-20.
- ^ North Hertfordshire - A Housing Strategy for the London Commuter Belt Sub-region 2005 - 2008 (PDF)
- ^ South East RA - London Fringe Sub-region
[edit] External links
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