London, Midland and Scottish Railway

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For other uses, see LMS.
See also: London Midland for the new (2007) railway company
LMS crest, carved into the stonework at Leeds station.
LMS crest, carved into the stonework at Leeds station.

The London Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS[1]) was a British railway company. It was formed on 1 January 1923 as part of the forced Grouping of more than 300 railway companies into just four. It was an unwieldy construction, claiming to be the world's largest joint stock organisation, the largest transport organisation, and the largest commercial undertaking in Europe (although it did not say on what basis), including the largest chain of hotels. In 1938, the LMS operated 6,870 route miles (11,056km) (excluding its lines in Northern Ireland, but it was not very profitable with a rate of return of 2.7%. Along with other British railway companies, the LMS was nationalised in 1948.

Contents

[edit] Constituents

The LMS was formed from:

There were also 24 subsidiary railways, leased or worked by these companies, and large number of joint railways (including the UK's largest, the Midland & Great Northern, and the Somerset and Dorset). In Ireland there were three railways:

  • Dundalk, Newry and Greenore Railway 26.5 miles (42km)
  • Northern Counties Committee 265.25 miles (426km)
  • Joint Midland and Great Northern of Ireland Railway 91 miles (146km), with interests in Ireland

Most of the above operated in what became Northern Ireland

The total route mileage of the LMSR in 1923 was 7790 (12,537km).

For all railways see List of constituents of the LMS.

[edit] Geography

Contemporary 1935 map of LMS system. Other railways' lines are omitted.
Contemporary 1935 map of LMS system. Other railways' lines are omitted.

The principal LMS trunk routes were the West Coast Main Line and the Midland Main Line, which linked London, the industrial Midlands and North-West of England, and Scotland.

The main business was freight between these centres. Particularly notable were the Toton–Brent coal trains, which took coal from the Nottinghamshire coalfield to London.


[edit] History

[edit] Early history

The early history of the LMS is dominated by infighting between its two largest constituents and previously rivals, the Midland and the North Western, each of which believed their company's way was the right — and only — way of doing business. Generally, the Midland prevailed, with the adoption of many Midland practices such as the livery of crimson lake for passenger locomotives and rolling stock. Perhaps most notable was the continuation of the Midland Railway's small-engine policy.

[edit] Electrification

[edit] The Stanier revolution

The arrival of the new chief mechanical engineer, William Stanier, who was head-hunted from the Great Western Railway by Josiah Stamp in 1933, heralded a change. Stanier introduced new ideas rather than continuing the company's internal conflict.

[edit] Nationalisation

The war-damaged LMS was nationalised in 1948 by the Transport Act 1947, becoming part of British Railways. It formed the London Midland Region and part of the Scottish Region. British Railways transferred the lines in Northern Ireland to the Ulster Transport Authority in 1949. The lines in Great Britain were rationalised through closure in the 1950s to 70s but the main routes survive and some have been developed for 125mph inter-city services.

[edit] Rolling stock

[edit] Preservation

[edit] Canals

The LMS owned many canals, including the Montgomeryshire Canal, Ellesmere Canal and Chester Canal. Many were abandoned by Act of Parliament, instigated by LMS. Those not abandoned passed to the British Transport Commission, at nationalisation; and ownership subsequently transferred to the British Waterways Board.

[edit] People

[edit] References

  • Gammell, C.J., (1980), LMS Branch Lines, 1945 - 1965, Oxford Publishing Company, ISBN 0-86093-062-9
  • Hendry, R.P. and Hendry, R.P., (1982), An Historical Survey of selected LMS Stations, Layouts and Illustrations, Volume 1, Oxford Publishing Company, ISBN 0-86093-168-4
  • Nock, O.S., (1982), A History of the LMS. Vol. 1: The First Years, 1923-1930, George Allen & Unwin, ISBN 0-04-385087-1
  • Nock, O.S., (1982), A History of the LMS. Vol. 2: The Record Breaking 'Thirties, 1931-1939, George Allen & Unwin, ISBN 0-04-385093-6
  • Welbourn, N., (1994), Lost Lines: LMR, Ian Allan, ISBN 0-7110-2277-1
  • Whitehouse, P. and Thomas, D.St J., (1995), LMS 150: the London, Midland & Scottish Railway: a century and a half of progress, Greenwich Editions, ISBN 0-86288-071-8 [Recommended for general overview]

[edit] Footnote

  1. ^ It has been argued that the initials LMSR should be used to be consistent with LNER, GWR and SR. However the London, Midland and Scottish Railway's corporate image used LMS, and this is what is generally used in historical circles. The LMS occasionally also used the initials LM&SR. For consistency, Wikipedia uses the initials LMS.

[edit] External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:


The "Big Four" pre-nationalisation British railway companies
v • d • e

█ Great Western • █ London Midland & Scottish • █ London & North Eastern • █ Southern

GWR constituents: Great Western Railway • Cambrian Railways • Taff Vale Railway
Barry Railway • Rhymney Railway • (Full list)
LNER constituents: Great Central • Great Eastern • Great Northern • Great North of Scotland
Hull & Barnsley • North British • North Eastern • (Full list)
LMS constituents: Caledonian • Furness • Glasgow & South Western • Highland
Lancashire & Yorkshire • London and North Western • Midland • North Staffordshire • (Full list)
SR constituents: London and South Western Railway • London, Brighton and South Coast Railway
South Eastern Railway • London, Chatham and Dover Railway • (Full list)

See also: History of rail transport in Great Britain 1923 - 1947 • List of companies involved in the grouping


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