Lo squadrone bianco
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| Lo squadrone bianco | |
|---|---|
| Directed by | Augusto Genina |
| Written by | Augusto Genina |
| Starring | Fosco Giachetti Antonio Centa Fulvia Lanzi |
| Cinematography | Anchise Brizzi Massimo Terzano |
| Distributed by | Roma Film |
| Release date(s) | 1936 |
| Running time | 97 min |
| Country |  Italy |
| Language | Italian |
Lo squadrone bianco (English: The White Squadron) is a 1936 Italian film directed by Augusto Genina. The plot features a cavalry lieutenant, unlucky in love, who redeems himself by battling the "rebels" of Tripolitania (modern Libya). The film won the Mussolini Cup at the Venice Film Festival, during the Second Italo-Abyssinian War.
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[edit] Plot
Cristiana (Fulvia Lanzi) is seen enjoying herself, dancing and drinking with other men. Mario (Antonio Centa) races down a dark road and calls Cristiana from a payphone with a sense of urgency. When she does not answer, he proceeds to her apartment and angrily pounds on the door and rings the bell. He demands a traditional relationship, and leaves when she refuses but tries to seduce him.
Mario transfers to a desert fort in Tripolitania, where a heroic captain has recently perished in combat against the "rebels." Captain Santelia (Fosco Giachetti) distrusts Mario at first as a cowardly playboy. However, after the "rebels" steal some animals, the two pursue them with a squadron of camel-riding natives on a long and panoramic desert trek. Mario becomes ill, but eventually the two officers come to a mutual understanding and Mario disposes of a locket from Cristiana and stops reminiscing of their luxurious memories.
Having caught up to the "rebels" at an oasis, a battle ensues; the "rebels" are defeated but the captain is killed. Meanwhile, Cristiana and a group of other tourists have arrived at the fort. A reconnaissance plane brings news to the fort of the battle, without knowing which officer has perished. Mario returns and elects to remain in Tripolitania, breaking up with Cristiana.
[edit] Production
The film is based on the novel L'Escadron blanc by French writer Joseph Peyré, who had a hand in the adaptation of the script to the screen.[1]
Genina's noted shots of the Tripolitanian desert were all done on location.[2] For its use of foreign technologies, it has been called the "first sample of the Americanised technical powers of Italy's huge new cinema city."[3]
[edit] Reception
A reviewer from the British Union of Fascists raved that the film "has all the enduring greatness of simplicity. There is no affection, only a plain recounting of Man's eternal battle with Nature."[4]
[edit] Analysis
Traditionally, the film is divided into three narrative segments in the theme of the Fascist male conversion:[5] "the bourgeois prologue, the colonialist segment, and the epilogue."[6]
Lo squadrone has been interpreted as an "exemplary film" of the Fascism reinterpretation of pre-Fascist historical narratives for contemporary purposes,[7] i.e. "expansionist propaganda."[8] Others consider it first and foremost a realist film, only indirectly nationalistic through its use of patriotic themes.[9]
As in other Fascist colonial films like Il cammino degli eroi, the native "rebels" are portrayed as well-armed with European weapons.[10] The film plays down the overwhelming disparities between the Italian and Tripolitanian forces, omitting for example the offensive use of aircraft (in addition to reconnaissance) and the use of gas warfare by the Italians.[11]
Other analyses of the film draw on Gustave Le Bon's theory of crowds (i.e. the native Tripolitanians) and space (i.e. the desert) as "two interconnected phenomena,"[12] noting that the natives themselves are "virtually absent from the screen."[6]
Genina was temporarily banned from Italian studios for his work on such imperialist war films, but continued to find work after 1945, in a climate where nearly all Italian filmmakers had collaborated to some degree with the regime.[13]
[edit] References
- ^ Ben-Ghiat, Ruth. 2004. Fascist Modernities: Italy, 1922-1945. University of California Press. ISBN 0520242165. p. 140.
- ^ Gottlieb, Sidney. 2004. Roberto Rossellini's Rome Open City. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521545196. p. 49.
- ^ British Film Institute, British Institute of Adult Education. 1932. Sight and Sound. p. 198.
- ^ Gottlieb, Julie V., and Linehan, Thomas P. 2004. The Culture of Fascism: Visions of the Far Right in Britain. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 1860647995. p. 39.
- ^ Landy, Marcia. 1998. The Folklore of Consensus: Theatricality in the Italian Cinema, 1930-1943. SUNY Press. ISBN 0791438031. p. 222.
- ^ a b Palumbo, 2003, p. 281.
- ^ Landy, Marcia. 2000. Italian Film. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521649773. p. 312.
- ^ Evans, Alun. 2000. Brasseys' Guide to War Films. Brassey's. ISBN 1574882635. p. 201.
- ^ Gottlieb, 2004, p. 47.
- ^ Ben-Ghiat, 2004, p. 134.
- ^ British Film Institute, 1932, p. 199.
- ^ Palumbo, Patrizia. 2003. A Place in the Sun: Africa in Italian Colonial Culture from Post-unification to the Present. University of California Press. ISBN 0520232348. p. 282.
- ^ Ben-Ghiat, 2004, p. 208.
[edit] See also
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