Lošinj
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Lošinj | |
|---|---|
 Mali Lošinj |
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| Geography | |
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| Location | Adriatic sea |
| Coordinates | |
| Area | 74.36 km² |
| Highest point | Televrin 588 m |
| Administration | |
 Croatia |
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| County | Primorje-Gorski |
| Largest city | Mali Lošinj (8,388) |
| Demographics | |
| Population | 7,771 (as of 2001) |
Lošinj (pronounced loh-sheen) (Italian Lussino; German: Lötzing; Latin Apsorrus, Greek: Apsorros, Αψωρος) is a Croatian island in the northern Adriatic Sea, in the Bay of Kvarner (Italian: Quarnero). It is almost due south of the main city of Rijeka, and also a part of the Primorje-Gorski Kotar county.
The following are the settlements on Lošinj, listed here with their Italian or German name equivalents in parentheses: Nerezine (Neresine), Sveti Jakov (San Giacomo Lussignano), Ćunski (Chiusi Lussignano), Artaturi (Artatore), Mali Lošinj (Lussinpiccolo, Klein-Lötzing) and Veli Lošinj (Lussingrande, Groß-Lötzing).
A regional road runs the length of the island; ferry connections (via the island of Cres) include Brestova - Porozina, Merag - Valbiska, Mali Lošinj - Zadar, Mali Lošinj - Pula. There is also an airport on the island of Lošinj.
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[edit] Geography
Lošinj is part of the Cres-Lošinj archipelago. The Cres-Lošinj archipelago includes Cres and Lošinj, and the smaller islands of Unije, Ilovik, Susak, Vele Srakane, Male Srakane and a number of uninhabited small islands. Cres is the biggest by area, Lošinj is second. Cres and Lošinj are connected by a small bridge in the town of Osor (Italian Ossero), on the island of Cres (Italian Cherso).
Lošinj is the 11th largest Adriatic island by area, 33 km long, with the width varying from 4.75 km in the north and middle of the island, to 0.25 km near the town of Mali Lošinj. The total coastline of the island is 112.7 km.
With over 2600 hours of sunshine a year, the island has become a popular destination for German and Italian tourists in the summer months. Average air humidity is 70%, and the average summer temperature is 24 °C (75 °F) and 7 °C (45 °F) during the winter.
The highest elevations are the mountains Televrin (also called Osoršćica) (588 m) and Sv. Nikola (557 m). The towns of Nerezine and Sveti Jakov lie at their base. The island is formed predominantly of chalk limestone and dolomite rocks. There are sand deposits in the western part of the Kurila peninsula.
The island has a mild climate and evergreen vegetation (like myrtle, holm oak, and laurel). The highest elevations in the north have more sparse vegetation. Veli Lošinj, Čikat and the south-western coast are ringed by pine forests.
[edit] History
The island of Lošinj is thought to have been inhabited since the Antiquity. This is evidenced by hill-forts at the foot of Osoršćica and around the port of Mali Lošinj. The [|Romans]] called this island Apsorrus (Ptolemy), and referred to the islands of Lošinj and Cres collectively as Apsirtides. In several places, ruins of Roman villas have been excavated (villae rusticae: Liski, Sveti Jakov, and Studenčić near Ćunski). Several small eremitic churches dating from the Roman era have been preserved (St. Lovreć near Osor, and St. James in Sveti Jakov).In the Middle Ages, Lošinj was the property of the clerical and secular nobility of Osor and unpopulated.
The first evidence of settlers from the mainland was in 1280. Pursuant to a contract with Osor, their settlements gained self-governance in 1389. The name Lošinj was first mentioned in 1384. Parallel with the gradual decline of Osor from the 15th century onwards, the settlements Veli Lošinj and Mali Lošinj played an increasingly important role.
In the 18th and 19th centuries, trade, shipbuilding and seafaring on the island developed more intensely. After the fall of the Republic of Venice, Lošinj was under the Austro-Hungarian rule until its collapse in 1918; then under Italy until 1943. In 1945 the island was annexed by Yugoslavia. Lošinj has been part of Croatia since the country declared independence from the Yugoslav Federation in 1991. Yugoslavia.
The 1945 annexation of the island by Yugoslavia was associated with a substantial exodus of its Italian-speaking population to Italy and to other countries, due to their unwillingness to live under Yugoslav communist rule. These expatriates today are a vibrant "community" living in Italy and around the world, and publish a newsletter (http://www.lussinpiccolo-italia.net) which keeps their memories and traditions alive.
[edit] People
- Agostino Straulino: Born in the city of Mali Lošinj on October 10, 1914 and died in Rome on December 14, 2004. He was one of the legends of Italian sailing. He learned to sail by going to school in his boat. His first experiences were sailing in the Kvarner Bay. He won a Gold Medal in the 1952 Summer Olympics (Helsinki) for Sailing (Starboat Class) and a Silver Medal in the 1956 Summer Olympics (Melbourne). Between 1949 and 1956, he won eight consecutive European championships in the Starboat Class. In 1952 and 1953, he was also World Champion in this class.
- Gaudentius of Ossero: He was born c. 1000 AD and presided over the Ossero (Osor) ecclesiastical province as bishop and later became a saint and patron of the island. A legend claims that he banished all venomous snakes from the islands while hiding in a cave from persecutors. His remains now lie in the alter of the church of his same name in Osor.
- The Cosulich Family (http://www.cosulich.it) of shipbuilders originated in Lošinj probably prior to the 1700s and rose to prominence in the region, eventually establishing a successful shipping business in Venice and around the world, where the Cosulich line became renowned.
- The Croatian Apoxyomenos: (the "Scraper") is a bronze statue that dates back to the first or second century BCE. This type of figure was first developed by the Greek sculptor Lysippos in the fourth century BCE. It was discovered underwater in the Lošinj archipelago near the uninhabited island of Vele Orjule. The Lošinj Channel was a frequent navigational route leading to the northern part of the Adriatic, to Istria and Italy. It is believed to be from a Roman shipwreck although there are no other apparent remnants. [1] Apoxyomenos is one of the Greek conventions in representing an athlete, caught in the familiar act of scraping sweat and dust from his body with the small curved instrument that the Greeks called a strigil. The statue now resides in the Archeological Museum in Zagreb.
[edit] References
- ^ Marie-Eve Sténuit, Robert Sténuit, Marijan Orlić, Smiljan Gluščevi; A preliminary report on the discovery and recovery of a bronze apoxyomenos, off Vele Orjule, Croatia, International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 30(2), 2001, 196-210.
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