Littorinimorpha

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Littorinimorpha

Various cowries, family Cypraeidae

Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Orthogastropoda
Superorder:	Caenogastropoda
Order:	Sorbeoconcha
Suborder:	Hypsogastropoda
Infraorder:	Littorinimorpha

Superfamilies

See text.

Littorinimorpha is a large taxonomic grouping, an infraorder which consists primarily of sea snail families but also includes some freshwater snails and some land snails. These are marine, aquatic, and terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the order Sorbeoconcha and the subclass Orthogastropoda.

[edit] Superfamilies and families

The superfamilies grouped in this infraorder include some familiar animals:

Calyptraeoidea Lamarck, 1809
- Calyptraeidae Lamarck, 1809, the slipper shells
Capuloidea Fleming, 1822
- Capulidae Fleming, 1822, the cap shells
- Trichotropidae Gray, 1850, the hairy shells
Cingulopsoidea Fretter & Patil, 1958
- Cingulopsidae Fretter & Patil, 1958
- Eatoniellidae Ponder, 1965
- Rastodentidae Ponder, 1966
Cypraeoidea Rafinesque, 1815
- Cypraeidae Rafinesque, 1815, the cowries
  - Subfamily Cypraeinae Rafinesque, 1815
    - Cypraea
      - Cypraea pantherina
      - † Cypraea problematica
      - Cypraea tigris
  - Subfamily Erosariinae Schilder, 1924
  - Subfamily Erroneinae Schilder, 1927
  - Subfamily Gisortiinae Schilder, 1927
  - Subfamily Luriinae Schilder, 1932
  - Subfamily Pustulariinae Gill, 1871
- Ovulidae Fleming, 1822
  - Subfamily Ovulinae Fleming, 1822
  - † Subfamily Cypraediinae Schilder, 1827
  - Subfamily Jenneriinae Thiele, 1929
  - Subfamily Pediculariinae Gray, 1853
  - Subfamily Pseudocypraeinae Steadman & Cotton, 1943
Ficoidea Meek, 1864
- Ficidae Meek, 1864, the fig shells
Littorinoidea Children, 1834
- Aciculidae Gray, 1850
  - Abchasohela
  - Acicula the needle snails (land snails)
  - Caziotia
  - Hyalacme
  - Kainarella
  - Menkia
  - Platyla
  - Pleuracme
  - Renea
- Littorinidae, Children, 1834 the periwinkles
  - Subfamily Littorininae Children, 1834
  - Subfamily Lacuninae Gray, 1857
  - Subfamily Laevilitorininae Reid, 1989
- † Bohaispiridae Youluo, 1978
- Pickworthiidae Iredale, 1917
  - Subfamily Pickworthiinae Iredale, 1917
  - Subfamily Pelycidiinae Ponder & Hall, 1983
  - Subfamily Sherborniinae Iredale, 1917
- Pomatiasidae Newton, 1891 (1828)
  - Subfamily Pomatiinae Newton, 1891
  - Subfamily Annulariinae Henderson & Bartsch, 1920
- † Purpurinidae Zittel, 1895
- Skeneopsidae Iredale, 1915
- † Tripartellidae Gründel, 2001
- Zerotulidae Warén & Hain, 1996
Naticoidea Guilding, 1834
- Ampullinidae
- Naticidae Guilding, 1834, the moon snails
  - Subfamily Naticinae Guilding, 1834
    - Natica
      - †Natica canrena Linné, 1758
      - †Natica plicatella Conrad
    - Polinices
      - † Polinices duplicatus
    - Tectonatica
      - †Tectonatica pusilla
  - Subfamily Sininae Woodring, 1928
  - Subfamily Globisininae Powell, 1933
Pterotracheoidea Rafinesque, 1814 (synonym : Heteropoda)
- Pterotracheidae Rafinesque, 1814
- Atlantidae Rang, 1829
- † Bellerophinidae Destombes, 1984
- Carinariidae Blainville, 1818
Rissooidea Gray, 1847
- Adeorbidae
- Amnicolidae Tryon, 1863
  - Subfamily Amnicolinae Tryon, 1863
  - Subfamily Baicaliinae P. Fischer, 1885
  - Subfamily Emmericiinae Brusina, 1870
- Anabathridae Keen, 1971
- Assimineidae H.Adams & A.Adams, 1856
  - Subfamily Assiminaenae H.Adams & A.Adams, 1856
  - Subfamily Ekadantinae Thiele, 1929
  - Subfamily Omphalotropidinae Thiele, 1927
- Barleeidae Gray, 1857
- Bithyniidae Gray, 1857
- Caecidae Gray, 1850
  - Subfamily Caecinae Gray, 1850
  - Subfamily Ctiloceratinae Iredale & Laseron, 1957
  - Subfamily Strebloceratinae Bandel, 1996
- Calopiidae Ponder, 1999
- Cochliopidae Tryon, 1866
  - Subfamily Cocliopinae Tryon, 1866
  - Subfamily Littoridininae Thiele, 1928
  - Subfamily Semisalsinae Giusti & Pezzoli, 1980
- Elachisinidae Ponder, 1985
- Emblandidae Ponder, 1985
- Epigridae Ponder, 1985
- Falsicingulidae Slavoshevskaya
- Helicostoidae Pruvot-Fol, 1937
- Hydrobiidae Stimpson, 1865
  - Subfamily Hydrobiinae Stimpson, 1865
  - Subfamily belgrandiinae de Stefani, 1877
  - Subfamily Clenchiellinae D.W.Taylor, 1966
  - Subfamily Islamiinae Radoman, 1973
  - Subfamily Nymphophilinae D.W.Taylor, 1966
  - Subfamily Pseudamnicolinae Radoman, 1977
  - Subfamily Pyrgulinae Brusina, 1882
  - Subfamily Tateinae Thiele, 1925
- Hydrococcidae Thiele, 1928
- Iravadiidae Thiele, 1928
- Lithoglyphidae Tryon, 1866
- † Mesocochliopidae Yu, 1987
- Moitessieriidae Bourguignat, 1863
- † Palaeorissoinidae Gründel & Kowalke, 2002
  - Subfamily Palaeorissoininae Gründel & Kowalke, 2002
  - Subfamily Greveniellinae Gründel & Kowalke, 2002
- Pomatiopsidae Stimpson, 1865
  - Subfamily Pomatiopsinae Stimpson, 1865
    - - Oncomelania
  - Subfamily Triculinae Annandale, 1924
- Rissoidae Gray, 1847
  - Subfamily Rissoinae Gray, 1847
  - Subfamily Rissoininae Stimpson, 1865
- Stenothyridae Tryon, 1866
- Tornidae Sacco, 1896 (1884)
  - Subfamily Torninae Sacco, 1896 (1884)
  - Subfamily Circulinae Fretter & Graham, 1962
  - Subfamily Teinostamatinae Cossman, 1917
  - Subfamily Vitrinellinae Bush, 1987
- Truncatellidae Gray, 1840
  - Subfamily Truncatellinae Gray, 1840
  - Subfamily Geomelaniinae Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1897
Stromboidea Rafinesque, 1815
- Aporrhaidae Gray, 1850, the pelican's foot shells
  - Subfamily Aporrhainae Gray, 1850
  - Subfamily Arrhoginae Popenoe, 1983
  - † Subfamily Harpagodinae Pchelintsev, 1963
  - † Subfamily Perissopterinae Korotkov, 1992
  - † Subfamily Spinigerinae Korotkov, 1992 (inv.)
- † Colombellinidae P. Fischer, 1884
- † Pugnellidae Kiel & Bandel, 1999
- Seraphsidae gray, 1853
- Strombidae Rafinesque, 1815, the true conchs
  - Lambis
  - Strombus
    - Strombus gigas
    - Strombus pugilis
  - Terebellum
  - Tibia
  - Varicospira
- Struthiolariidae Gabb, 1868
- † Thersiteidae Savornin, 1915
- Tylostomatidae Stoliczka, 1868
Tonnoidea Suter, 1913 (1825)
- Bursidae Thiele, 1925, the frog shells
- Laubierinidae Warén & Bouchet, 1990
- Personidae Gray, 1854
- Pisanianuridae Warén & Bouchet, 1990
- Ranellidae Gray, 1854, the tritons
  - Subfamily Cymatiinae Iredale, 1913 (1854)
  - Subfamily Ranellinae Gray, 1854
- Tonnidae Suter, 1913 (1825), the tun shells
  - Subfamily Cassinae Latreille, 1825, the helmet shells
  - Subfamily Oocorythinae P.Fischer, 1885
  - Subfamily Phaliinae Beu, 1981
  - Subfamily Tonninae Suter, 1913 (1825)
Vanikoroidea Gray, 1840
- Haloceratidae Warén & Bouchet, 1991
- Hipponicidae Troschel, 1861, the hoof shells
- † Omalaxidae Cosmmann, 1916
- Vanikoridae Gray, 1840
Velutinoidea Gray, 1840
- Pediculariidae
- Triviidae Troschel, 1863
  - Subfamily Eratoinae Gill, 1871
  - Subfamily Triviinae Troschel, 1863
- Velutinidae Gray, 1840
  - Subfamily Velutininae Gray, 1840
  - Subfamily Lamellariinae d'Orbigny, 1841
Vermetoidea Rafinesque, 1815
- Vermetidae Rafinesque, 1815, the worm snails
  - Subfamily Vermetinae Rafinesque, 1815
  - Subfamily Dendropomatinae Bandel & Kowalke, 1997
Xenophoroidea Troschel, 1852 (1840)
- Guttulidae
- † Lamelliphoridae Korobkov, 1960
- Xenophoridae Troschel, 1852 (1840), the carrier shells