Literature of Nicaragua
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The Literature of Nicaragua can be traced to pre-Columbian times with the myths and oral literature that formed the cosmogonic view of the world that indigenous people had. Some of these stories are still known in Nicaragua. Like many Latin American countries, the Spanish conquerors have had the most effect on both the culture and the literature. The literature of Nicaragua has had many important literary figures in the Spanish language with internationally prominent writers such as Rubén Darío, who is regarded as the most important literary figure in Nicaragua. He is referred to as the "Father of Modernism" for leading the modernismo literary movement at the end of the 19th century.[1] Other important literary figures include Ernesto Cardenal, Sergio Ramirez Mercado, Gioconda Belli, Jose Coronel Urtecho, Alfonso Cortés, and Claribel Alegría, among others.
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[edit] History
El Güegüense is a satirical drama and was the first literary work of pre-Columbian Nicaragua. It is regarded as one of Latin America's most distinctive colonial-era expressions and as Nicaragua's signature folkloric masterpiece combining music, dance and theater.[1] The theatrical play was written by an anonymous author in the 16th century, making it one of the oldest indigenous theatrical/dance works of the Western Hemisphere.[2] It was passed down orally for many centuries until it was finally written down and published into a book in 1942.[3]
A large portion of revolutionary leaders were also writers who had published works, two of the most notable include current President Daniel Ortega and co-founder of the Sandinista National Liberation Front, Tomás Borge.[4]
[edit] Literary movements
[edit] Modernismo
The Modernismo literary movement was a Spanish-American literary movement, best exemplified by Nicaraguan Rubén Darío, who is respectably referred to as the "Father of Modernism". In the late 19th Century, Modernismo emerged, a poetic movement whos recapitulation was a blending of three European currents: Romanticism, Symbolism and especially Parnassianism. Inner passions, visions, harmonies and rhythms are expressed in a rich, highly stylized verbal music. This movement was of great influence in the whole Spanish-speaking world (including the Philippines), finding a temporary vogue also among the Generación del 98 in Spain, which posited various reactions to its perceived aestheticism.
Modernismo was the first Latin American literary movement to influence literary culture outside of the region, and was also the first truly Latin American literature, in that national differences were no longer so much at issue. Though Modernismo itself is often seen as aestheticist and anti-political, some poets and essayists, introduced compelling critiques of the contemporary social order and particularly the plight of Latin America's indigenous peoples.
[edit] Poetry after Modernismo
Twentieth-century poetry in Nicaragua has often expressed political commitment, particularly given the model provided by Chilean Nobel laureate Pablo Neruda, and followed by such poets as the Nicaragua's Ernesto Cardenal.
[edit] The Vanguardia
The Vanguardia was a literary movement that started in Granada, Nicaragua between 1927 and 1929, the movement was led by the Nicaraguan poet José Coronel Urtecho. According to literary manifests which were published in 1931, one of Coronel's objectives were to "initiate a struggle to get the public attention through artistic expressions, intellectual scandal, and aggressive criticism".[5] The Vanguardia literary movement reflected several European movements, especially Surrealism. Vanguardia instituted a radical search for new, daring, confrontational themes and shockingly novel forms.[6]
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ a b "Showcasing Nicaragua's Folkloric Masterpiece - El Gueguense - and Other Performing and Visual Arts", Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved on 2007-08-03.
- ^ "Native Theatre: El Gueguense", Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved on 2007-08-03.
- ^ "El Güegüense o Macho Ratón", ViaNica. Retrieved on 2007-08-03.
- ^ "Nicaragua Literature". Retrieved on 2007-09-27.
- ^ "Poetry Festival in Granada: The Vanguardia", ViaNica. Retrieved on 2007-08-06.
- ^ "Latin American literature: The Vanguardia", Encyclopædia Britannica, pp. 13. Retrieved on 2007-08-06.
[edit] External links
- Nicaraguan Literature
- MarcaAcme Nicaragua Art, Literature and Culture
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