Lister Mills
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Lister's Mill (otherwise known as Manningham Mills) was the largest silk factory in the world. It is located in the Manningham district of Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK and was built by Samuel Cunliffe Lister to replace the original Manningham Mills that were destroyed by fire in 1871. The mill is a Grade II* listed building, built in the Italianate style of Victorian architecture.
At its height, Lister's employed 11,000 men, women and children - manufacturing high-quality textiles such as velvet and silk. It supplied 1,000 yards of velvet for King George V's coronation and in 1976 new velvet curtains for the President Ford White House. The 1890-91 strike at the mill was important in the establishment of the Independent Labour Party which later helped found the modern-day Labour Party. On completion in 1873, Lister's Mill was the largest textile mill in North England. Floor space in the mill amounts to 27 acres (109,000 m²), and its imposing shape remains a dominant feature of the Bradford skyline. The chimney of the mill is 255 feet (78 m) high, and can be seen from just about anywhere in Bradford.
Powering all the machinery switched over to electricity in 1934. Before that huge steam boilers drove the mill. Every week the boilers consumed 1,000 tons of coal brought in on company rail wagons from the company collieries near Pontefract. Water was also vital in the process and the company had its own supply network including a large covered reservoir on-site (now in 2006 that area is a piazza and underground car park).
During WW2 Listers produced 1,330 miles of real parachute silk, 284 miles of flame-proof wool, 50 miles of khaki battledress and 4,430 miles of parachute cord.
[edit] Decline
The Lister's business decreased considerably during the 1980s. Stiff foreign competition and changing textile trends such as increased use of man-made fibres were the reasons. In 1992 the mills were essentially abandoned. Being a prominent structure the mills attracted a great deal of attention and several regeneration proposals came and went. The sheer size of the buildings being a major difficulty. However local residents, former workers and notably Reverend George Moffat never lost hope that the mills would rise again. They campaigned hard to save the mills. A bold vision was required.
[edit] Rebirth
In 2000 award winning property developers Urban Splash bought the mills. Their vision was to renovate the existing larger buildings and build striking new structures. Apartments, workplaces, shops and public spaces would once more bring Listers to life. A deal was finally struck whereby remedial work on the structures and removal of industrial waste would be part-funded by Yorkshire Forward, Bradford Council and English Heritage. The rebirth had begun. In September 2004 Freda Watts, a former silk weaver at Listers, cut a ribbon across the entrance to the mills - construction work had started.
The next landmark for the 100 million GBP project was the sales launch of the first phase. In late 2004 over 2,000 people queued (some overnight) to buy one of the 131 apartments being created in the south mill, now renamed Silk Warehouse. It was a sell out and a great boost for the project and the wider regeneration of Bradford [1][2].
New residents started moving in during 2006. The next phase, regenerating the second large building to be called Velvet Mill is well on the way (October 2006). It is planned to replace the existing roof on this building with an innovative glass and steel structure housing 2 storey apartments [3]. David Morley practice are the architects. The new homes will go on sale in early 2007. Over coming years further developments on the remainder of the site will create a new piazza with the huge mill chimney at its centre.
