List of wettest tropical cyclones by country

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This is a list of wettest tropical cyclones by country, using all known available sources. Data is most complete for Australia, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Japan, Hong Kong, Mexico, Taiwan, Yap, Chuuk, and the United States, with fragmentary data available for other countries. The French region of Réunion holds several world records for tropical cyclone rainfall, due to the rough topography and its proximity to the Indian ocean.

A map of all tropical cyclone tracks, encompassing the period between the years 1985 and 2005.
A map of all tropical cyclone tracks, encompassing the period between the years 1985 and 2005.

Contents

[edit] Australia

Tropical cyclone Steve
Tropical cyclone Steve
Wettest known tropical cyclones in Australia
Precipitation Storm Location
Rank (mm) (in)
1 1411 mm 55.55 inches Mackay Cyclone 1918 Mackay
2 1318 mm 51.89 inches Wanda 1974 Mt. Glorious[1]
3 1140 mm 44.88 inches Peter 1979 Mt. Bellenden Ker[2]
4 927 mm 36.50 inches April 1898 cyclone Whim Creek[3]
5 907 mm 35.71 inches Feb. 1893 cyclone Crohamhurst[1]
6 900 mm 35.43 inches Feb 1954 cyclone Springbrook[1]
7 759 mm 29.88 inches Grace 2004 Topaz[4]
8 635 mm 25.00 inches March 1949 cyclone Yeppoon[5]
9 616 mm 24.25 inches Bessie 1964 La Grange/Bidyadanga[3]
10 600 mm 23.62 inches Joan 1975 Tom Price[3]

[edit] Christmas Island

Wettest known tropical cyclones in Christmas Island
Precipitation Storm Location
Rank (mm) (in)
1 102.4 mm 4.03 inches Jacob 2007 [6]

[edit] Cocos Islands

Wettest known tropical cyclones in the Cocos Islands
Precipitation Storm Location
Rank (mm) (in)
1 298.0 mm 11.73 inches Pedro 1989 [7]

[edit] Bahamas

Tropical Storm Noel over the Bahamas
Tropical Storm Noel over the Bahamas
Wettest known tropical cyclones in the Bahamas
Precipitation Storm Location
Rank (mm) (in)
1 747.5 mm 29.43 in Noel 2007 Long Island[8]
2 321.1 mm 12.64 in Michelle 2001 Nassau[9]
3 309.4 mm 12.18 in Erin 1995 Church Grove[10]
4 236.7 mm 9.32 in Floyd 1999 Little Harbor Abacos[11]
5 138.9 mm 5.47 in Frances 2004 San Salvador[12]
6 101.6 mm 4.00 in Dennis 1999 Cat Island[13]
7 101.6 mm 4.00 in Klaus 1990 Grand Turk[14]

[edit] Bangladesh

Monsoon Depression September 2004
Monsoon Depression September 2004

Bangladesh has been the scene of the most epic tropical cyclone casualties in recent times. The country is quite flat and generally lies near sea level.

Wettest known tropical cyclones in Bangladesh
Precipitation Storm Location
Rank (mm) (in)
1 280 mm 11.02 inches Monsoon Depression - Sep. 2004 Barisal[15]
2 227.2 mm 8.94 inches Trop. Depression - Oct. 2004 Rangpur[16]
3 53 mm 2.13 inches Akash 2007 [17]

[edit] Belize

This country has terrain mainly across its southern sections, with elevations up to about 3,700 feet (1,100 m).[18] The highest reported rainfall in what was formerly British Honduras occurred during Hurricane Keith in 2000 when 32.67 inches (830 mm) of rain fell in a 24 hour period at Phillip Goodson International Airport in Belize City.[19] It should be noted that equally heavy rains could have fallen during Hurricane Hattie/Simone/Inga of 1961 and Hurricane Fifi of 1974.

Hurricane Keith (2000)
Hurricane Keith (2000)
Wettest tropical cyclones in Belize
Highest recorded rainfall totals since 1978
Precipitation Storm Location
Rank (mm) (in)
1 829.8 mm 32.67 in Keith 2000 Phillip Goodson Int'l Airport[19]
2 246.0 mm 9.69 in Mitch 1998 Central Farm Meteorological Station[20]
3 179.0 mm 7.05 in Greta 1978 Central Farm Meteorological Station[20]
4 131.0 mm 5.16 in Hermine 1980 Central Farm Meteorological Station[20]
5 68.0 mm 2.68 in Opal 1995 Central Farm Meteorological Station[20]
6 59.0 mm 2.32 in Kyle 1996 Central Farm Meteorological Station[20]

[edit] Bermuda

Bermuda has not historically received overwhelming rains out of tropical cyclones. This could be because of the rapid pace storms usually pass the island and the lack of mountains on the island.

Tropical Storm Cristobal
Tropical Storm Cristobal
Wettest tropical cyclones in Bermuda
Highest recorded rainfall totals since 1939
Precipitation Storm
Rank (mm) (in)
1 186.7 mm 7.35 in October 1939 Hurricane[21]
2 151.4 mm 5.96 in Cristobal 2002
3 148.0 mm 5.86 in Nicole 2004[22]
4 126.2 mm 4.97 in Franklin 2005
5 124.0 mm 4.88 in Harvey 2005[23]
6 123.2 mm 4.85 in September 1948 Hurricane[21]
7 115.3 mm 4.54 in Alice 1973[24]
8 113.5 mm 4.47 in Gustav 2002[25]
9 80.0 mm 3.15 in Karen 2001[26]
10 75.9 mm 2.99 in Edna 1953[21]

[edit] Cambodia

Typhoon Linda (1997)
Typhoon Linda (1997)
Wettest tropical cyclones in Cambodia
Highest known recorded totals
Precipitation Storm Location
Rank (mm) (in)
1 404.1 mm 15.91 in Linda 1997 Kompot[27]
2 30.5 mm 1.20 in Faith 1998 Kompong Cham[28]

[edit] Canada

Extratropical cyclone Harvey near Nova Scotia
Extratropical cyclone Harvey near Nova Scotia

Tropical cyclones are usually in transition to extratropical cyclones by the time they reach Atlantic Canada, though occasionally they retain their tropical status. No tropical cyclone has ever hit Canada's Pacific coast.

Wettest tropical cyclones (and their remnants) in Canada
Highest known recorded totals
Precipitation Storm Location
Rank (mm) (in)
1 302.0 mm 11.89 in Harvey 1999 Oxford[29]
2 249.9 mm 9.84 in Beth 1971 Halifax[30]
3 213.6 mm 8.41 in Hazel 1954 Snelgrove[31]
4 200.4 mm 7.89 in Chantal 2007 Argentia[32]
5 191.0 mm 7.52 in Bertha 1990 Hunters Mountain[33]
6 175.0 mm 6.90 in Gabrielle 2001 St. John's[34]
7 136.7 mm 5.38 in Hortense 1996 Beaver Island[35]
8 131.0 mm 5.16 in Erin 2001 Sagona Island[36]
9 108.0 mm 4.25 in Gustav 2002 Lyon's Brook[37]
10 87.9 mm 3.46 in Ophelia 2005 Cape Sable Island[38]

[edit] Cayman Islands

Hurricane Isidore
Hurricane Isidore
Wettest tropical cyclones in the Cayman Islands
Highest known recorded totals
Precipitation Storm Location
Rank (mm) (in)
1 794.8 mm 31.29 inches Pinar del Río Hurricane of 1944 Grand Cayman Island[39]
2 577 mm 22.72 inches Alberto 2006 Owen Roberts International airport
3 552.2 mm 21.74 inches Isidore 2002 Cayman Brac[40]
4 308.4 mm 12.14 inches Ivan 2004 Grand Cayman Island[41]

[edit] China

See also: China tropical cyclone rainfall climatology

China is a mountainous country, which leads to rapid dissipation of cyclones that move inland as well as significant amounts of rain from those dissipating cyclones. Typhoon Nina (1975) caused the collapse of two huge reservoirs and ten smaller dams when 1062 mm/41.81 inches fell in Henan Province during a 24 hour period, which is the record for Mainland China. Typhoon Sam of the 1999 Pacific typhoon season became the wettest known tropical cyclone to impact Hong Kong since records began in 1884, breaking a 73 year old record.[42] The mountainous island of Taiwan province sees extreme rains from tropical cyclones, particularly in its central mountain range. Precipitation associated with tropical cyclones and their remains can bring snow to Tibet. An early October 2004 tropical depression brought daily precipitation of 60 mm/2.4 inches liquid equivalent to Che-Ku County in the form of heavy snow, which was a new October daily precipitation record for both rain and snow. This led to a loss of 340,000 kg of food, 230,000 kg of forage grass, and 263 livestock in the snowstorm.[16]

Typhoon Chanchu/Caloy
Typhoon Chanchu/Caloy
Wettest tropical cyclones in Mainland China
Highest known recorded totals
Precipitation Storm Location
Rank (mm) (in)
1 1062.0 mm 41.81 inches Nina 1975
2 831.1 mm 32.72 inches Fitow 2001 [43]
3 703.5 mm 27.70 inches Rananim/Karen 2004 [44]
4 555.0 mm 21.85 inches Chanchu/Caloy 2006 [45]
5 355.6 mm 14.00 inches Tasha 1990 [46]
6 343.0 mm 13.50 inches Imbudo 2003 Hepu[47]
7 309.7 mm 12.19 inches Jelawat/Domeng 2006 Haikou[48]
8 250.8 mm 9.87 inches Haima 2004 Pingtan/Fuzhou City[49]
9 190.5 mm 7.50 inches Hope 1989 [50]
10 106.3 mm 4.19 inches Nanmadol 2004 Dachen Dao[51]
Typhoon Sam
Typhoon Sam

[edit] Hong Kong

Wettest tropical cyclones in Hong Kong, 1884-2005 (1940-1946 missing)
Highest known recorded totals
Precipitation Storm Location
Rank (mm) (in)
1 616.5 mm 24.27 inches Sam 1999 [52]
2 597.0 mm 23.50 inches July 1926 Typhoon [52]
3 562.0 mm 22.13 inches June 1916 Typhoon [52]
4 530.7 mm 20.89 inches Agnes 1965 [52]
5 519.0 mm 20.43 inches Agnes 1978 [52]
6 516.1 mm 20.32 inches Ellen 1976 [52]
7 497.5 mm 19.59 inches Dot 1993 [52]
8 491.7 mm 19.36 inches Dot 1982 [52]
9 480.9 mm 18.93 inches Helen 1995 [52]
10 473.2 mm 18.63 inches August 1904 Typhoon [52]

[edit] Lantau Island

Wettest tropical cyclones in Lantau Island
Highest known recorded totals
Precipitation Storm Location
Rank (mm) (in)
1 700 mm 27.56 inches Ira 1993 [53]

[edit] Taiwan/Taipei

Typhoon Herb
Typhoon Herb
Wettest tropical cyclones in Taiwan/Taipei
Highest known recorded totals
Precipitation Storm Location
Rank (mm) (in)
1 1736 mm 68.35 inches Herb 1996 Mount A-Li[54]
2 1730 mm 68.00 inches Lynn 1987 [55]
3 1672 mm 65.83 inches Carla 1967 Xinliao[56]
4 1546 mm 60.87 inches Aere/Marce 2004 Matala[57]
5 1431 mm 56.34 inches Nari 2001 [58]
6 1248 mm 49.13 inches Gloria 1963 Baxin[56]
7 1090 mm 42.91 inches Nanmadol 2004 Puluowan[44]
8 984 mm 38.70 inches Sepat 2007 Tianhsiang[59]
9 758 mm 29.84 inches Toraji 2001 Alishan Observatory[60]
10 611.5 mm 24.07 inches Haima 2004 Cheng Kung[49]

[edit] Cuba

Hurricane Flora of October 1963 drifted across Cuba for four days, leading to extreme rainfall across the mountainous island country. During the heaviest 24 hour period of rainfall, 735 mm/28.94" of rain fell at Santiago de Cuba. Total amounts of 2033 mm/80.04" over 4 days and 2550 mm/100.40" over 5 days produced staggering loss of life in Cuba, where over 2000 perished.[61]

Hurricane Michelle
Hurricane Michelle
Wettest tropical cyclones in Cuba since 1963
Highest known recorded totals
Precipitation Storm Location
Rank (mm) (in)
1 2550 mm 100.39 inches Flora 1963 [61]
2 1092 mm 42.99 inches Dennis 2005 [61]
3 1025 mm 40.34 inches T.D. #1 1988 [61]
4 1012 mm 39.84 inches Alberto 1982 [61]
5 870 mm 34.25 inches Frederic 1979 [61]
6 849 mm 33.43 inches T.D. #1 1992 [61]
7 825 mm 32.48 inches Laura 1971 [61]
8 800 mm 31.50 inches Irene 1999 [61]
9 754 mm 29.69 inches Michelle 2001 [61]
10 747 mm 29.41 inches Lili 1996 [61]

[edit] Dominica, Eastern Caribbean

Jeanne near Dominica
Jeanne near Dominica

The islands of the eastern Caribbean are constantly threatened by tropical storms and hurricanes, mainly between August and October. Dominica is a rugged island, with spots of elevation as high as nearly 4,750 feet (1,450 m).[62] As Hurricane Jeanne moved through the region, 422.3 millimetres (16.63 in) of rain fell during the 24 hour period ending on the morning of September 15, 2004.[15]

[edit] Dominican Republic

Hurricane Ivan
Hurricane Ivan

This country, taking up two-thirds of Hispaniola, has some of the highest terrain surrounding the Caribbean Sea, with Pico Duarte peaking at 10,700 feet (3,300 m) above sea level.[63] Most of the tropical cyclone rainfall totals on the list below are 24 hour maxima, which likely underrepresent the storm total.

Wettest known tropical cyclones in the Dominican Republic
Highest known recorded totals
Precipitation Storm Location
Rank (mm) (in)
1 905.0 mm 35.63 inches Noel 2007 Angelina[64]
2 507.8 mm 19.99 inches Cleo 1964 Polo[65]
3 479.8 mm 18.89 inches Inez 1966 Polo[66]
4 445.5 mm 17.54 inches Hurricane Four 1944 Hondo Valle[65]
5 391.4 mm 15.41 inches Hurricane Five 1935 Barahona[67]
6 350.0 mm 13.78 inches T.S. One 1948 Bayaguana[68]
7 300.3 mm 11.82 inches Ivan 2004 Santo Domingo[15]
8 292.2 mm 11.50 inches David 1979 Monte Plata[69]
9 280.4 mm 11.04 inches Hurricane 4 of 1935 La Romana[66]
10 264.3 mm 10.41 inches Flora 1963 V. Altagracia[67]

[edit] Federated States of Micronesia

[edit] Chuuk

Elevations of the islands surrounding Chuuk lagoon reach a height of about 1,450 feet (440 m).[70] Typhoon Chataan led to excessive rainfall on this island from June 23-July 3 of 2002, when a total of 939 mm/36.96 inches fell. During the time frame when Chataan was declared a tropical cyclone from July 1-3, 622 mm/24.49 inches fell, with 506 mm/19.92 inches falling on the 2nd alone at the international airport.[71]

Typhoon Pongsona
Typhoon Pongsona
Wettest tropical cyclones in Chuuk
Highest known recorded totals
Precipitation Storm Location
Rank (mm) (in)
1 939.0 mm 36.96 inches Chataan 2002 Chuuk Int'l Airport[71]
2 447.0 mm 17.60 inches Dale 1996 Chuuk WSO AP[72]
3 427.5 mm 16.83 inches Sudal 2004 Chuuk WSO AP[72]
4 405.1 mm 15.95 inches Andy 1989 Truk WSO Airport[72]
5 381.1 mm 15.03 inches Jean 1968 Truk WSO Airport[72]
6 371.9 mm 14.64 inches Karen 1962 Truk WSO Airport[72]
7 370.6 mm 14.59 inches Pamela 1976 Truk WSO Airport[72]
8 344.7 mm 13.57 inches Harriet 1959 Truk WSO Airport[72]
9 234.2 mm 9.22 inches Kulap 2005 Chuuk WSO AP[72]
10 214.1 mm 8.43 inches Pongsona 2002 Chuuk WSO AP[72]

[edit] Pohnpei

This mountainous island lies in the tropical northwest Pacific Ocean.

Wettest tropical cyclones in Pohnpei
Highest known recorded totals
Precipitation Storm Measurement
station
Rank (mm) (in)
1 247 mm 9.73 inches Axel 1992 [73]

[edit] Yap

The wettest known tropical cyclone for the island was Ruby in 1982, which drifted in the island's vicinity for several days during its initial development phase.[74]

Typhoon Ruby (1982)
Typhoon Ruby (1982)
Wettest tropical cyclones in Yap
Highest known recorded totals
Precipitation Storm Location
Rank (mm) (in)
1 594.4 mm 23.40 inches Ruby 1982 Yap Island WSO Airport[72]
2 390.9 mm 15.39 inches Imbudo 2003 Yap Island WSO Airport[72]
3 318.5 mm 12.54 inches Winnie 1969 Yap Island WSO Airport[72]
4 313.9 mm 12.36 inches Fern 1996 Yap Island WSO Airport[72]
5 301.8 mm 11.88 inches Wilda 1967 Yap Island WSO Airport[72]
6 289.1 mm 11.38 inches Ophelia 1958 Yap Island WSO Airport[72]
7 288.5 mm 11.36 inches Hope 1985 Yap Island WSO Airport[72]
8 250.2 mm 9.85 inches Georgia 1962 Yap Island WSO Airport[72]
9 236.5 mm 9.31 inches Fran 1976 Yap Island WSO Airport[72]
10 231.9 mm 9.13 inches Faye 1963 Yap Island WSO Airport[72]

Typhoon Dainmu went near Ulithi, an atoll in Yap State, in mid-June 2004. A 24 hour rainfall of 102.8 mm/4.05" was recorded at Falalop Island ending at 0000 UTC on the 13th.[75]

[edit] Fiji

Orography from the volcanic islands of Fiji has led to significant rainfall during tropical cyclone passages, which occur roughly once a year. Tropical Cyclone Ami of January 2003 led to disastrous flooding across the northern and eastern sections of the island group. The coastal side of Vatuwiri on Taveuni Island measured 311 mm/12.24" of rainfall on January 13.[76]

[edit] France

[edit] Guadeloupe

Hurricane Marilyn moved directly across the island in mid-September 1995,[77] bringing the highest known rainfall totals to the island from a tropical cyclone.

Hurricane Marilyn
Hurricane Marilyn
Wettest tropical cyclones in Guadeloupe
Highest known recorded totals
Precipitation Storm Location
Rank (mm) (in)
1 508 mm 20.00 inches Marilyn 1995 Saint-Claude.[78]
2 466 mm 17.28 inches Lenny 1999 Gendarmerie[79]
3 300 mm 11.81 inches Jeanne 2004 [80]

[edit] Martinique

Hurricane Iris
Hurricane Iris

Martinique is a mountainous island at the fringe of the eastern Caribbean Sea.

Wettest tropical cyclones in Martinique
Highest known recorded totals
Precipitation Storm Measurement
station
Rank (mm) (in)
1 450.1 mm 17.72 inches Iris 1995 [81]
2 332.0 mm 13.07 inches Dean 2007 Fort de France Colson[82]
3 230.1 mm 9.06 inches Marilyn 1995 [83]
4 184 mm 7.24 inches Debby 1994 Saint Joseph/Rabuchon (isohyet analysis)[84]

[edit] Réunion Island (Indian Ocean)

The mountainous island of Réunion has experienced some of the highest rainfall totals from tropical cyclones around the world.[85] Three tropical cyclones have staked their place in rainfall history:

Unnamed Tropical Cyclone (April 8-10, 1958): World record for 48 hours (2,467 millimetres (97.1 in)) set at Aurere.

Tropical Cyclone Denise (January 7-8, 1966): World record for 12 hours (1,144 millimetres (45.0 in)) and 24 hours (1,825 millimetres (71.9 in)) set at Foc-Foc.

Tropical Cyclone Gamede (February 24-28, 2007): World record for 72 hours (3,929 millimetres (154.7 in)) set at Commerson Crater. Gamede also holds the world record for accumulated rainfall through nine days.[86]

During late January 2002, Tropical Cyclone Dinah dropped significant rains on the island. The highest amounts were 1,360 millimetres (54 in) over a 48 hour period at the Bellecombe resting place (a volcano lodge) and a 745.2 millimetres (29.34 in) storm total at Pierrefonds.[87]

[edit] Haiti

The mountainous country of Haiti has experienced some of the most powerful hurricanes on record, including Hurricane David. Its three mountain ranges have peaks as high as 8793 feet/2680 meters above sea level.[88]

Gordon dropping heavy rainfall on Haiti along its frontal-like band
Gordon dropping heavy rainfall on Haiti along its frontal-like band
Wettest known tropical cyclones in Haiti
Highest known recorded totals
Precipitation Storm Location
Rank (mm) (in)
1 1447.8 mm 57.00+ inches Flora 1963 [89]
2 582.7 mm 22.94 inches Gordon 1994 Camp Perrin[90]
3 569.7 mm 22.43 inches Noel 2007 Camp Perrin[91]
4 417.6 mm 16.44 inches Lili 2002 Camp Perrin[92]
5 293.6 mm 11.56 inches Jeanne 2004 Camp Perrin[93]
6 141.7 mm 5.58 inches Ivan 2004 Camp Perrin[93]
7 136.4 mm 5.37 inches Michelle 2001 Camp Perrin[94]
8 122.9 mm 4.84 inches Ernesto 2006 Camp Perrin[95]
9 121.2 mm 4.77 inches Georges 1998 Camp Perrin[96]
10 101.1 mm 3.98 inches Alpha 2005 Camp Perrin[97]

[edit] Honduras

Hurricane Beta
Hurricane Beta
Wettest known tropical cyclones in Honduras
Precipitation Storm Location
Rank (mm) (in)
1 912 mm 35.89 inches Mitch 1998 Choluteca[98]
2 554 mm 21.82 inches Beta 2005 Trujillo[99]
3 244 mm 9.62 inches Felix 2007 Omoa Cortez[100]

[edit] India

Cyclone Yemyin
Cyclone Yemyin

India can get struck by cyclones that form in the Bay of Bengal or the Arabian Sea.

Wettest known tropical cyclones in India
Precipitation Storm Location
Rank (mm) (in)
1 480 mm 18.90 inches Sept. 2004 Monsoon Depression Shardanagar
2 462 mm 18.19 inches Yemyin 2007 [101]
3 262 mm 10.31 inches Oct. 2004 T. D. Shillong[16]

[edit] Indonesia

Cyclone Inigo
Cyclone Inigo

The precursor tropical disturbance of Tropical Cyclone Inigo in April 2003 dropped heavy rainfall in eastern Indonesia. The rainfall caused flash flooding and mudslides, primarily in Flores but also on West Timor[102] and Sumba.[103] In some locations, the depth of the floodwaters reached 5 metres (16 ft). The Oessao River in West Timor exceeded its banks, which flooded seven villages. In Kupang in West Timor, the system destroyed hundreds of homes and large fields of corn, bean, and rice crop. Heavy damage was reported near Ende, where flooding and mudslides destroyed 20 houses and destroyed the roads connecting to East Flores. The city airport was flooded with one meter (3 ft) of water, preventing aerial transportation and which left the city temporarily isolated. In East Flores Regency in eastern Flores Island, the system left 75 destroyed houses, along with 77 severely damaged and a further 56 receiving light damage.[102]

Wettest known tropical cyclones in Indonesia
Precipitation Storm Location
Rank (mm) (in)
1 223 mm 8.78 inches Inigo 2003 Larantuka, Flores[104]

[edit] Iran

Cyclone Gonu
Cyclone Gonu
Wettest known tropical cyclones in Iran
Precipitation Storm Location
Rank (mm) (in)
1 74 mm 2.91 inches Gonu 2007 Chabahar[101]

[edit] Jamaica

Hurricane Michelle
Hurricane Michelle

This mountainous island country of Jamaica can get lashed with rainfall by slow-moving tropical cyclones in the western Caribbean Sea. Its interior, the Blue Mountains, reach a height of 7,400 feet (2,300 m) above sea level.[105]

Wettest tropical cyclones in Jamaica
Highest known recorded totals
Precipitation Storm Measurement
station
Rank (mm) (in)
1 2451 mm 96.50 inches November 1909 Hurricane [106]
2 1524 mm 60.00 inches Flora 1963 [89]
3 951 mm 37.44 inches Michelle 2001 [107]
4 864 mm 34.00 inches T. D. #2 (1979) [108]
5 721 mm 28.37 inches Ivan 2004 [109]
6 700 mm 27.56 inches Gilbert 1988 [110]
7 691 mm 27.20 inches Isidore 2002 [111]
8 623 mm 24.54 inches Dennis 2005 [112]
9 605 mm 23.82 inches Lili 2002 [113]
10 392 mm 15.43 inches Emily 2005 [114]

[edit] Japan

The mountainous island archipelago is constantly struck by typhoons recurving out of the tropics, which are normally in extratropical transition as they pass through Japan. Typhoon Meari/Quinta of the 2004 Pacific typhoon season led to heavy rain at Owase with the highest 24 hour total of 741 millimetres (29.2 in) ending at 1500 UTC on the 29th.[15] Typhoon Saomai in 2000 produced record rainfall at Nagoya, 584.2 millimetres (23.00 in) in 24 hours.[115] Fran of the 1976 Pacific typhoon season holds the national 24-hour precipitation record of 1,174 millimetres (46.2 in).[116]

Super Typhoon Nabi/Jolina
Super Typhoon Nabi/Jolina
Wettest tropical cyclones in Japan
Highest known recorded totals
Precipitation Storm Measurement
station
Rank (mm) (in)
1 1321 mm 52.01 inches Nabi/Jolina 2005 [117]
2 1243 mm 48.94 inches Namtheum 2004 [118]
3 1174 mm 46.22 inches Fran 1976 [116]
4 905 mm 35.63 inches Songda/Nina 2004 [44]
5 904 mm 35.59 inches Meari/Quinta 2004 [15]
6 711 mm 28.00 inches Gladys 1991 [119]
7 610 mm 24.02 inches Megi 2004 Tomisato[120]
8 601 mm 23.66 inches Judy 1982 Nanbu[121]
9 584 mm 23.00 inches Saomai/Osang 2000 [115]
10 550 mm 21.65 inches Tokage 2004 Fukuharaasahi[122]

[edit] Okinawa

Typhoon Sinlaku (2002)
Typhoon Sinlaku (2002)
Wettest tropical cyclones in Okinawa
Highest known recorded totals
Precipitation Storm Measurement
station
Rank (mm) (in)
1 575.6 mm 22.66 inches Charlotte 1959 Naha Air Force Base[72]
2 473.7 mm 18.65 inches Cora 1969 Kadena Air Force Base[72]
3 452.0 mm 17.80 inches Sinlaku 2002 Oku[123]
4 407.2 mm 16.03 inches Grace 1961 Kadena Air Force Base[72]
5 342.0 mm 13.46 inches Kujira 2003 [124]
6 317.8 mm 12.51 inches Caitlin 1991 Kadena Air Force Base[119]
7 257.3 mm 10.14 inches Mireille 1991 [119]
8 254.0 mm 10.00 inches Flo 1990 [46]
9 244.1 mm 9.61 inches Irma 1966 Naha Air Force Base[72]
10 203.2 mm 8.00 inches Kinna 1991 [119]

[edit] Ryukyu Islands

Typhoon Rusa caused 409 millimetres (16.1 in) of rain to fall at Naze on August 29-30, 2002.[123] Typhoon Aere dropped 314.5 millimetres (12.38 in) of rain in the 65 hour period ending at 1400 UTC on August 25 at Ishigakihima.[44] Typhoon Agnes in August 1957 dropped 586.2 millimetres (23.08 in) of rainfall on Marcus Island.[72]

[edit] Johnston Atoll

Tropical cyclones occasionally threaten this central Pacific island. Hurricane Celeste of 1972 brought 6.21 inches (158 mm) to the isle around August 19.

[edit] Korea

The Korean Peninsula experiences typhoons regularly. Tropical cyclones which impact southern China also lead to, on average, five heavy rainfall events per year across the Korean peninsula.[125]

[edit] North/DPR Korea

Very heavy rains fell across Tongchon and Kosong counties during Typhoon Rusa in 2002, where up to 510 millimetres (20 in) of precipitation fell in a 5-10 hour period.[123]

[edit] South Korea

Typhoon Rusa
Typhoon Rusa
Wettest tropical cyclones in South Korea
Highest known recorded totals
Precipitation Storm Measurement
station=
Rank (mm) (in)
1 898.0 mm 35.35 inches Rusa 2002 Gangneung[126]
2 660.4 mm 26.00 inches Gladys 1991 [119]
3 590.0 mm 23.23 inches Nari 2007 Jeju[127]
4 491.0 mm 19.33 inches Saomai 2000 [128]
5 332.5 mm 13.09 inches Megi 2004 Wando


[edit] Madagascar

Cyclone Elita
Cyclone Elita

The north end of the island, known as the Tsaratanana Massif region, contains terrain with elevations up to 9417 feet/2880 meters.[129]

Wettest tropical cyclones in Madagascar
Highest known recorded totals
Precipitation Storm Measurement
station
Rank (mm) (in)
1 707 mm 27.83 inches Guillaume 2002 Toamasina[130]
2 246.3 mm 9.70 inches Elita 2004 Vohemar [131]

[edit] Malaysia

Tropical Storm Jelawat/Domeng
Tropical Storm Jelawat/Domeng
Wettest tropical cyclones in Malaysia
Highest known recorded totals
Precipitation Storm Measurement
station
Rank (mm) (in)
1 220 mm 8.66 inches Jelawat/Domeng 2006 Kampung[48]


[edit] Mauritius, South Indian Ocean

Cyclone Crystal (2002)
Cyclone Crystal (2002)
Wettest tropical cyclones in Mauritius
Highest known recorded totals
Precipitation Storm Measurement
station
Rank (mm) (in)
1 202.8 mm 7.98 inches Hennie 2005 Sans-Souci
2 58.8 mm 2.31 inches Crystal 2002 Providence.[132]

[edit] Mexico

Main article: Mexico tropical cyclone rainfall climatology

Hurricane Wilma of 2005 drifted over the northeast portion of the Yucatan peninsula for a couple of days, dropping significant rains. A report of 1,576 millimetres (62.0 in) was reported by the Servicio Meteorologicio Nacional in Mexico,[133] which is the wettest known 24-hour rainfall amount ever measured in Mexico. Second on the list is from Tropical Storm Frances in 1998, which accumulated up to 1,019 millimetres (40.1 in) of rain at Independencia in southern Chiapas.[134] Below is a list of the highest known storm total rainfall amounts from individual tropical cyclones across Mexico. Most of the rainfall information was provided by the Mexico's National Weather Service, Servicio Meteorologico Nacional, which is a part of the National Water Commission, Comisión Nacional del Agua.

Hurricane Wilma
Hurricane Wilma
Wettest tropical cyclones in Mexico
Highest known recorded totals
Precipitation Storm Measurement
station
Rank (mm) (in)
1 1576 mm 62.05 inches Wilma 2005 [72]
2 1119 mm 44.06 inches Frances 1998 [72]
3 1098 mm 43.23 inches Tropical Depression 11A (1999) [72]
4 1011 mm 39.80 inches Juliette 2001 [72]
5 950 mm 37.41 inches Dolly 1996 [72]
6 805 mm 31.69 inches Gert 1993 [72]
7 791 mm 31.15 inches Hermine 1980 San Pedro Tapanatepec[135]
8 774 mm 30.49 inches Isidore 2002 [72]
9 686 mm 27.01 inches Pauline 1997 [72]
10 676 mm 26.61 inches Roxanne 1995 [72]

[edit] Mozambique

Tropical Cyclone Eline
Tropical Cyclone Eline

The elevation of the country increases to the west, with mountains on its highest plateau reaching nearly 8,000 feet (2,400 m).[136]

Wettest tropical cyclones in Mozambique
Highest known recorded totals
Precipitation Storm Measurement
station
Rank (mm) (in)
1 502 mm 19.76 inches Eline 2000 Levubu[137]
2 281 mm 11.06 inches Delfina 2003 [132]
3 190 mm 7.50 inches Japhet 2003 [138]

[edit] Myanmar/Burma

T.D. #2 (2007)
T.D. #2 (2007)
Wettest tropical cyclones in Myanmar
Highest known recorded totals
Precipitation Storm Measurement
station
Rank (mm) (in)
1 343.9 mm 13.54 inches T.D. #2 2007 [139]

[edit] Nepal

Some of the highest elevations on the planet lie in Nepal, with heights up to 26,160 feet (7,970 m) in the peaks of the Himalayas.[140] During a tropical depression that affected the Indian Subcontinent in 2004, 51.3 millimetres (2.02 in) of rain fell at Kathmandu airport in the 24 hour period ending at 1200 UTC on October 7.[16]

[edit] New Zealand

Cyclone Wati (2006)
Cyclone Wati (2006)

Most tropical cyclones which pass near New Zealand are in extratropical transition (ET), which can enhance their heavy rainfall threat.

Wettest tropical cyclones, and their remnants, in New Zealand
Highest known recorded totals
Precipitation Storm Measurement
station
Rank (mm) (in)
1 900 mm 35.43 inches Bola 1988 [141]
2 425 mm 16.73 inches Fergus 1996 Thames - Coromandel district[142]
3 147 mm 5.79 inches Wati 2006 Kaikohe[143]

[edit] Nicaragua

Hurricane Mitch
Hurricane Mitch
Wettest tropical cyclones in Nicaragua
Highest known recorded totals
Precipitation Storm Measurement
station
Rank (mm) (in)
1 1597 mm 62.87 inches Mitch 1998 Picacho/Chinandega[144]
2 181 mm 7.11 inches Felix 2007 Puerto Cabezas[145]

[edit] Niue, Southwest Pacific

Cyclone Heta
Cyclone Heta

During the passage of Tropical Cyclone Heta in January 2004, the Niue Meteorological Station reported a record 24-hour rainfall of 999.2 millimetres (39.34 in).[131]

[edit] Oman

Cyclone Gonu
Cyclone Gonu

Surrounding desert usually weakens tropical cyclones as they approach from the Arabian Sea.

Wettest tropical cyclones in Oman
Highest known recorded totals
Precipitation Storm Measurement
station
Rank (mm) (in)
1 610.0 mm 24.02 inches Gonu 2007 [101]
2 250.6 mm 9.87 inches Cyclone 01A 2002 Qairoon Hairiti[146]

[edit] Pakistan

Tropical cyclones from the Arabian Sea occasionally wander into Pakistan. Like Oman, the dry air from the surrounding deserts leads to substantial weakening before a tropical cyclone can make landfall. The remains of Onil of October 2004 struck the country as merely a remnant low. However, rainfall amounts of 145 mm/5.71" fell in 36 hours between October 2 and 3rd at Thatta.[16]

[edit] Palau

Typhoon Mike
Typhoon Mike

Palau consists of a string of islands that is rugged and surrounds a lagoon. Elevations up to 2,060 feet (630 m) exist within the island group.[147]

Wettest tropical cyclones in Palau
Highest known recorded totals
Precipitation Storm Measurement
station
Rank (mm) (in)
1 470.9 mm 18.54 inches Marie 1976 Koror[148]
2 293.1 mm 11.54 inches Nathan 1993 Nekken Forestry[72]
3 281.4 mm 11.08 inches Ruby 1982 Koror[72]
4 248.9 mm 9.80 inches Mike 1990 Koror[46]
5 121.7 mm 4.79 inches Dainmu/Helen 2004 Koror[75]
6 47.8 mm 1.88 inches Ewiniar 2006 Koror[149]

[edit] Panama

Inflow to the south of Hurricane Mitch brought impressive rainfalls to the Panama. Veledero de Tole recorded 695 millimetres (27.4 in) of rainfall between October 22 and October 31 of 1998.

[edit] Philippines

Typhoon Mindulle/Igme
Typhoon Mindulle/Igme

This Philippines island archipelago is fairly mountainous, with the highest terrain found in Luzon.

Wettest tropical cyclones in the Philippines
Highest known recorded totals
Precipitation Storm Measurement
station
Rank (mm) (in)
1 1168.4 mm 46.00 inches July 1911 cyclone Baguio City[150]
2 1085.8 mm 42.45 inches Utor/Feria 2001 Baguio City[151]
3 1012.7 mm 39.87 inches Mindulle/Igme 2004
4 994.6 mm 39.16 inches Zeb/Iliang 1998 Baguio City[75]
5 817.9 mm 32.20 inches Elaine 1974 Baguio City[152]
6 747.0 mm 29.41 inches Gordon/Goring 1989 John Hay AB[50]
7 580.5 mm 22.85 inches Thelma/Uring 1991 Tongonon Geothermal Site[151]
8 523.5 mm 20.61 inches Wayne 1986 Clark Air Force Base[72]
9 487.4 mm 19.19 inches Irma 1966 Clark Air Force Base[72]
10 452.4 mm 17.81 inches Olga 1976 Clark Air Force Base[72]

[edit] Singapore, South China Sea

Typhoon Vamei of December 20 2001 was the only known storm to ever hit the island state. It dropped 165.1 millimetres (6.50 in) of rainfall.

[edit] South Africa

Tropical Cyclone Eline in February 2000 dropped significant rains on portions of South Africa. The highest amount noted was 480 mm/18.90" at Thohoyandou.[153]

[edit] Spain

The only tropical cyclone to reach mainland Europe was 2005's Hurricane Vince. It dropped 3.3 inches (84 mm) of rain on the plain near Cordoba.[154]

[edit] Sri Lanka

A tropical depression in early October 2004 led to heavy rains across Sri Lanka. The maximum was measured at Galle where 117.2 mm/4.61" fell in the 24 hour period ending at 0600 UTC on the 2nd.[16]

[edit] St. Brandon, South Indian Ocean

Tropical Cyclone Darius of New Year's Eve/Day of 2003/2004 passed about 45 miles (72 km) west-northwest of the island. Rainfall over the 24 hour period of closest approach was 135 mm/5.31".[155]

[edit] St. Martin/Sint Maarten

This hilly island is partially owned by France and partially claimed by the Netherlands.

Hurricane Lenny
Hurricane Lenny
Wettest tropical cyclones in St. Martin/Maarten
Highest known recorded totals
Precipitation Storm Measurement
station
Rank (mm) (in)
1 866.6 mm 34.12 inches Lenny 1999 [156]
2 349.3 mm 13.75 inches Jose 1999 [157]
3 165.1 mm 6.50 inches Luis 1995 [158]
4 85.1 mm 3.35 inches Marilyn 1995 [83]

[edit] Tahiti

Tropical Depression 2F/Tropical Cyclone 8P from December 1998 brought a convergent band of warm-topped convection to Tahiti while lurking 300 mi/500 km from the island. This band was quite efficient at rainfall production, as Station Tiare #2 reported 550 mm/21.65" of rainfall from this rainband.[159]

[edit] Takaroa, French Polynesia, Southwest Pacific

During Tropical Cyclone Judy of December 2004, 160 mm/6.30" of rain fell between 0000 and 1200 UTC on the 24th, bringing the 3 1/2 day rain total from the system up to 356 mm/14.02".[160]

[edit] Thailand

Typhoon Muifa (2004)
Typhoon Muifa (2004)

Tropical cyclones occasionally cross the Malay Peninsula from the northwest Pacific into the Bay of Bengal.

Wettest tropical cyclones in Thailand
Highest known recorded totals
Precipitation Storm Measurement
station
Rank (mm) (in)
1 251.5 mm 9.90 inches Muifa 2004 Prachaup Khirikhan[161]
2 220.5 mm 8.68 inches T.S. 06W 2007 [162]
3 199.8 mm 7.87 inches T.D. #2 2007 [162]

[edit] United States

[edit] Lower 48

See also: United States rainfall climatology and United States tropical cyclone rainfall climatology

Below is a list of the top ten highest storm total rainfall amounts from individual tropical cyclones across the lower 48 since 1950. The remains of Amelia 1978 led to the wettest storm total rainfall amounts of any tropical cyclone to impact the lower 48 over that time frame when it moved into Texas during early August 1978.[72] Most of the rainfall information was provided by the National Climatic Data Center in Asheville, North Carolina.

Flooding due to Claudette in Texas
Flooding due to Claudette in Texas
Wettest tropical cyclones in the lower 48 since 1950
Highest known recorded totals
Precipitation Storm Measurement
station
Rank (mm) (in)
1 1219 mm 48.00 inches Amelia 1978 Medina, Texas[72]
2 1143 mm 45.00 inches Claudette 1979 Alvin, Texas[72]
3 1033 mm 40.68 inches Allison 2001 Northwest Jefferson County, Texas[72]
4 983 mm 38.70 inches Easy 1950 Yankeetown, Florida[72]
5 977 mm 38.46 inches Georges 1998 Munson, Florida[72]
6 932 mm 36.71 inches Danny 1997 Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Alabama[72]
7 756 mm 29.76 inches Unnamed 1960 Port Lavaca #2, Texas[72]
8 707 mm 27.85 inches Alberto 1994 Americus, Georgia[72]
9 695 mm 27.38 inches Beulah 1967 Pettus, Texas[72]
10 686 mm 27.00 inches Camille 1969 West Central Nelson County, Virginia[72]

[edit] Hawaii

This island chain frequently sees rainfall from the remains of former eastern and central Pacific tropical cyclones, but direct impacts of tropical cyclones are infrequent despite its location in the subtropics due to the protective influence of the Central Pacific Tropical Upper Tropospheric Trough (TUTT) which normally dissipates systems approaching Hawaii. The highest amount reported statewise was during Hurricane Hiki of 1950, when 1321 mm/52.00 inches fell in the mountains.[163]. More recently, Hurricane Kenneth deposited 305 mm/ 12.00 inches within the 50th state.[164]

Hurricane Kenneth
Hurricane Kenneth
Wettest tropical cyclones in Hawaii since 1950
Highest known recorded totals
Precipitation Storm Measurement
station
Rank (mm) (in)
1 1321 mm 52.00 inches Hiki 1950 [163]
2 985 mm 38.76 inches Paul 2000 [165]
3 635 mm 25.00 inches Maggie 1970 [166]
4 519 mm 20.42 inches Nina 1957 [167]
5 516 mm 20.33 inches Iwa 1982 [72]
6 476 mm 18.75 inches Fabio 1988 [72]
7 381 mm 15.00 inches T.D. 1C 1994 [168]
8 323 mm 12.70 inches Makawao 1906 [163]
9 305 mm 12.00 inches Diana 1972 [169]
9 305 mm 12.00 inches "B" 1967 [170]
9 305 mm 12.00 inches Kenneth 2005 [164]

[edit] Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico has seen dramatic rainfall from tropical cyclones and their precursor disturbances. The most recent tropical cyclone-related deluge was from Hurricane Georges from September 1998, when 775 mm/30.51 inches of rain was measured at Jayuya.[171] The heaviest rainfall noted over the past 30 years was from the precursor disturbance to Tropical Storm Isabel (1985), when 804 mm/31.67 inches fell at Toro Negro Forest.[172] Hurricane Eloise of 1975 dropped 946 mm/33.29 inches of rainfall at Dos Bocas, with 586 mm/23.07 inches falling in 24 hours. Below is a list of the top ten highest known storm total rainfall amounts from individual tropical cyclones across Puerto Rico since 1960. The rainfall information was gathered from the National Climatic Data Center in Asheville, North Carolina.

Hurricane Georges
Hurricane Georges
Wettest tropical cyclones in Puerto Rico
Highest known recorded totals
Precipitation Storm Measurement
station
Rank (mm) (in)
1 846 mm 33.29 inches Eloise 1975 Dos Bocas[72]
2 804 mm 31.67 inches Isabel 1985 Toro Negro Forest[72]
3 775 mm 30.51 inches Georges 1998 Jayuya[72]
4 662 mm 26.07 inches Hazel 1954 Toro Negro Tunnel [173]
5 653 mm 25.69 inches Klaus 1984 [72]
6 596 mm 23.48 inches Hortense 1996 [72]
7 504 mm 19.86 inches David 1979 [72]
8 447 mm 17.60 inches Hugo 1989 [72]
9 438 mm 17.23 inches Noel 2007 [72]
10 412 mm 16.23 inches Donna 1960 [72]


[edit] Guam

Typhoon Tingting
Typhoon Tingting
Wettest tropical cyclones in Guam
Highest known recorded totals
Precipitation Storm Measurement
station
Rank (mm) (in)
1 856.0 mm 33.70 inches Pamela 1976 Guam WSMO[72]
2 846.8 mm 33.34 inches Alice 1953 Andersen Air Force Base[72]
3 650.5 mm 25.61 inches Pongsona 2002 University of Guam[174][175]
4 610.4 mm 24.03 inches Tingting 2004 Inarajan Agricultural Station[72]
5 539.5 mm 21.24 inches Paka 1997 Guam WSMO[72]
6 533.0 mm 21.00 inches Chataan 2002 South-central Guam[176]
7 519.2 mm 20.44 inches Omar 1992 Guam WSMO[72]
8 414.5 mm 16.32 inches Ida 1969 Andersen Air Force Base[72]
9 411.2 mm 16.19 inches Amy 1971 Guam WSMO[72]
10 364.5 mm 14.35 inches Nabi 2005 Mangilao[72]

[edit] Northern Marianas Islands

Typhoon Soulik (2006)
Typhoon Soulik (2006)

The Northern Marianas Islands are an archipelago north of Guam which get impacted by typhoons in the western Pacific on a regular basis. Typhoon Steve dropped nearly 20 inches (510 mm) on Saipan in 1993,[177] making it the wettest known tropical cyclone for the island chain.

Wettest tropical cyclones in the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Islands
Highest known recorded totals
Precipitation Storm Measurement
station
Rank (mm) (in)
1 488 mm 19.20 inches Steve 1993 Saipan [177]
2 241 mm 9.50 inches Seth 1991 Saipan [119]
3 205 mm 8.00 inches Soulik 2006 Pagan[178]

[edit] American Samoa

Cyclone Heta (2004)
Cyclone Heta (2004)

Tropical cyclones impact the island chain with tropical storm-force winds once every three years, on average.[179]

Wettest tropical cyclones, and their remnants, in American Samoa
Highest known recorded totals
Precipitation Storm Measurement
station
Rank (mm) (in)
1 472.4 mm 18.60 inches Samoa T.C. - Jan.-Feb. 1966 Vaipito[72]
2 445.5 mm 17.54 inches Val 1991 Pago Pago Airport[72]
3 394.7 mm 15.54 inches Ofa 1990 Aasufou[72]
4 359.9 mm 14.17 inches Heta 2004 Aasufou[72]
5 254.5 mm 10.02 inches Olaf 2005 Aasufou[72]
6 212.1 mm 8.35 inches Esau 1981 Aasufou[72]
7 95.5 mm 3.76 inches Keli 1997 Afono[72]
8 80.5 mm 3.17 inches Tusi 1987 Afono[72]
9 56.1 mm 2.21 inches Cilla 2003 Aasufou[72]
10 30.5 mm 1.20 inches Percy 2005 Aasufou[72]

[edit] Vanuatu, Southwest Pacific

Tropical cyclone Ivy in February 2004 led to 254.4 mm/10" of rain at Bauerfield on the 26th.[180]

[edit] Venezuela

A few tropical cyclones have skimmed the northern coast of South America over recent decades. Tropical Storm Bret (1993) dropped 339 millimetres (13.3 in) of rain in ten hours at Guanare, Portuguesa, Venezuela.[181]

[edit] Vietnam

Tropical Depression Pablo
Tropical Depression Pablo
Wettest tropical cyclones in Vietnam
Highest known recorded totals
Precipitation Storm Measurement
statio
Rank (mm) (in)
1 698.5 mm 27.50 inches Ira 1990 [46]
2 610.0 mm 24.00 inches TS-06W 2007 [182]
3 550.0 mm 21.65 inches Xangsane 2006 [183]
4 470.0 mm 18.50 inches Eve 1999 Ky Anh District[184]
5 238.9 mm 9.41 inches Chanchu 2004 Quy Nhon[75]
6 233.0 mm 9.17 inches Linda 1997 Can Tho[185]
7 134.5 mm 5.30 inches Pablo 2004 Thanh Hoa[49]

[edit] See also

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