List of topics in Ancient philosophy
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- Abderites
- Academy
- Acumenus
- Aenesidemus
- Aeschines Socraticus
- Aetius (philosopher)
- Albinus (philosopher)
- Alcmaeon of Croton
- Alexander of Aphrodisias
- Allegory of the cave
- Analogy of the divided line
- Anaxagoras
- Anaximenes of Miletus
- Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius
- Antiochus of Ascalon
- Antipater of Tarsus
- Apology (Plato)
- Arcesilaus
- Archedemus of Tarsus
- Archimedes
- Archytas
- Aristo of Ceos
- Aristotelian ethics
- Aristotle
- Aristotle's theory of universals
- Ataraxia
- Averroes
- Avicenna
- Callippus
- Carneades
- Chariot Allegory
- Cicero
- Confucius
- Cratippus of Pergamon
- Cratylus (dialogue)
- Crinis
- Critolaus
- Cronius the Pythagorean
- Cultural influence of Plato's Republic
- Cyrenaics
- Dardanus of Athens
- Diagoras
- Dio Chrysostom
- Diodorus Cronus
- Diogenes Apolloniates
- Diogenes of Babylon
- Diogenes of Sinope
- Dionysius of Cyrene
- Diotima of Mantinea
- Douris (tyrant)
- Doxa
- Echecrates
- Epictetus
- Epicurus
- Epimenides
- Epinomis
- Epistles (Plato)
- Erastus of Scepsis
- Euaeon of Lampsacus
- Eubulides of Miletus
- Euclid of Megara
- Eudaimonia
- Eudemus of Rhodes
- Eupraxis
- Eurymedon of Myrrhinus
- Eurymedon the hierophant
- Evenus of Paros
- Gemistus Pletho
- Gennadius II Scholarius
- Gnosiology
- Gorgias
- Halcyon (dialogue)
- Hellenistic philosophy
- Hermogenes of Tarsus
- Hexis
- Hierocles (Stoic)
- Hieronymus of Rhodes
- Hypatia of Alexandria
- Hêdonê
- Ionian School
- John Philoponus
- Lucretius
- Lyco of Troas
- Lysis (dialogue)
- Maimonides
- Marcus Aurelius
- Marsilius of Inghen
- Material monism
- Meditations
- Menexenus (dialogue)
- Metaxy
- Michael Frede
- Minos (dialogue)
- Mnesarchus of Athens
- Musonius Rufus
- Myson of Chenae
- Orthotes
- Peripatetic school
- Peritrope
- Persaeus
- Philo
- Philolaus
- Plato
- Plato's Four Cardinal Virtues
- Platonic idealism
- Platonic realism
- Pliny the Elder
- Plotinus
- Posidonius
- Prohairesis
- Pseudo-Aristotle
- Ptolemy-el-Garib
- Pyrrho
- Pyrrhonism
- Pythagoras
- Rival Lovers
- Second Alcibiades
- Sextus Empiricus
- Simplicius of Cilicia
- Socratic dialogue
- Socratic method
- Socratic problem
- Species (metaphysics)
- Speusippus
- Sphaerus
- Statesman (dialogue)
- Stoicism
- Symposium (Plato)
- Techne
- The Republic (Plato)
- Theages
- Theory of forms
- Timaeus (dialogue)
- Xenocrates