List of terrorist incidents
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The following is a timeline of acts and failed attempts that can be considered non-state terrorism. Assassinations are listed by location at List of assassinated people.
There is no single accepted definition of non-state terrorism in common use. Incidents listed here are restricted to those that: (a) are not believed to have been state-sponsored; and (b) are commonly called terrorism or meet some of the commonly used criteria.
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
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[edit] 1800s
1800: Plot of the Rue Saint-Nicaise, assassination attempt on the life of Napoleon Bonaparte, in Paris on 24 December 1800.
1838: The Haun's Mill massacre - 30 October 1838. Massacre of 18 Mormon men, women and children by the Missouri Militia.- 1857: The Mountain Meadows massacre - September 11, 1857. Massacre of 120 men, women and children of the Fancher-Baker emigrant wagon train at Mountain Meadows in Utah Territory by Mormons and Paiute Indians.[1]
1856, 1858, 1859: raids by John Brown in his fight against slavery[2]- 1858 Felice Orsini tried to kill the Emperor Louis Napoléon Bonaparte, and failed, killing 8 people and wounding 142 others.
1863: Morgan's Raid led by John Hunt Morgan[3]
1867 5 March: Attempt to blow up Clerkenwell Prison by Fenian agents. Dynamite charges demolish nearby tenements killing six people and causing 120 casualties "including 15 permanently injured with loss of eyes, legs, arms etc."[4]
1865-1877: Over 3000 Freedmen and their Republican Party allies are killed by a combination of the Ku Klux Klan and well organized campaigns of violence by local whites in a campaign of terrorist violence that overthrew the Reconstructionist governments in the American South and reestablished segregation.[5][6]
1868: Attempted assassination of Prince Alfred in Sydney, Australia.[7]
The Fenian Brotherhood attacked Canadian targets in order to bring pressure on Britain to withdraw from Ireland.[8]- 1881 14 January: Fenian attempt to blow up Salford Infantry Barracks kills one[4]
- 1882, 22 October A bomb exploded in Théâtre Bellecour restaurant, in Lyon, killing one employee.
- 1884 30 May: Fenian dynamite explosions demolish part of Scotland Yard and part of the Carlton Club; unexploded device found at the foot of Nelson's Column.[9]
- 1885 25 January: Fenian bombs explode at the Tower of London, London Bridge and two more at the House of Commons.[10]
- 1887 21 June: The Jubilee Plot: A British-paid Fenian agent provocateur comes close to blowing up Westminster Abbey and killing Queen Victoria.[11]
1881 July 2: American President James Garfield is assassinated by religious fanatic Charles J. Guiteau.[12]
1881: Tzar Alexander II of Russia is assassinated by a People's Will (Narodnaya volya) terrorist. ."[13]- 1886: Bomb at Haymarket Square, Chicago during a labor rally causes the Haymarket Riot that kills twelve people.[14]
1891 May 11: Assassination attempt on Nicholas II of Russia by a Japanese police officer named Tsuda Sanzo.[15]- 1893, 25 April The day before Ravachol judgment, a bomb exploded in Very restaurant, the place where Ravachol was arrested. The owner and one other man were killed. Théodule Meunier was later arrested in London in 1894 for the bombing
- 1893, 3 February Auguste Vaillant threw the home-made device from the public gallery of the French Chamber of Deputies in order to avenge the Ravachol execution. The weakness of the device meant that the explosion only wounded one deputy.
- 1894: Explosion at the Royal Greenwich Observatory in London. The bomb goes off prematurely, killing only the bomber.[16]
- 1894, 12 February One week after the execution of Auguste Vaillant, Emile Henry threw a bomb in the "Terminus" café, in Saint Lazare train station. 1 killed, 20 wounded. Ravachol, Vaillant and Henry were all anarchist militants.
- 1894, 20 February. 2 bombs exploded in two hotels, in 69 rue Saint-Jacques]], wounded a women, and 47 rue du Faubourg Saint-Martin, without casualties.
- 1894, 4 April A bomb exploded in Foyot restaurant. The writer Laurent Tailhade lost an eye in the explosion.
- 1894, 24 June An Italian anarchist, Sante Geronimo Caserio stabbed to death the French president Sadi Carnot in order to avenge Auguste Vaillant and Emile Henry.
1898 September 10: Empress Elisabeth of Bavaria of Austria-Hungary (commonly called "Sissi") is stabbed to death by a young Italian anarchist named Luigi Lucheni, in Geneva.[citation needed]
[edit] 1900s-1940s
- 1901 September 6: American President William McKinley is assassinated by anarchist Leon Czolgosz.[17]
1904 May 18: Ion Perdicaris and Cromwell Varley kidnapped and ransomed by bandit Mulai Ahmed er Raisuli in Morocco.[18]
1904 June 16: Governor-General Nikolai Ivanovich Bobrikov is assassinated in Senate House in Helsinki by Finnish nationalist Eugen Schauman.[19]
1908 February 1: The Portuguese King Carlos is murdered with his son Prince Luís Filipe, Duke of Braganza, by two man connected with Carbonária, a terrorist organisation linked with the Portuguese Republican Party.
1908 July 13: The Amalthea Bombing. 1 killed and 23 injured in attack on strikebreakers by the young socialist activist Anton Nilsson.[20]- 1909 October 26: Assassination of Japanese Prime Minister Ito Hirobumi by Korean independence activist An Jung-geun.[21]
- 1910 October 1: A bomb at the Los Angeles Times newspaper building in Los Angeles, California, United States, killed 21 workers.
1914 June 28: Assassination in Sarajevo of Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria and his wife, precipitating World War I.[22]
1915 January 1: Battle of Broken Hill - Turkish nationalists shoot at civilians in the Australian town, killing six.[23]- 1915 July 2 Frank Holt, (a.k.a. Erich Muenter) a German professor exploded a bomb in the reception room of the U.S. Senate. The next morning he tried to assassinate J.P. Morgan, Jr., son of the financier whose company served as Great Britain’s principal U.S. purchasing agent for munitions and other war supplies to try and stop the United States entry into World War I against Germany.[24]
- 1920 September 16: Wall Street Bombing kills 38 people and wounds 300 others.[25]
1925 April 16: St Nedelya Church assault kills 150 people, mostly high-ranked individuals, and wounds 500 in the Bulgarian capital Sofia.[26][27]- 1927: The Ku Klux Klan launch a wave of political terror in Alabama.
- 1933 October 10: A Boeing 247 is destroyed in midflight by a nitroglycerin bomb. All seven people aboard are killed. This incident is the first proven case of air sabotage in the history of aviation.[28]
- 1934 October 9: Assassination of King Alexander I of Yugoslavia and French Foreign Minister Louis Barthou in Marseille by Ustashas and IMRO
- 1940 - 1956: George Metesky, "the Mad Bomber" placed over 30 bombs in New York City in public places such as Grand Central Station and The Paramount Theater injuring ten during this period in protest of the local electric utility. He also sent many threatening letters.[29]
1946 July 22: Bombing of King David Hotel, the British Military HQ in Jerusalem, by the Zionist group Irgun, with 91 deaths - a mix of military and civilian. This was the first terrorist attack of the modern era in the Middle East.[30]
1948 January 30: Mahatma Gandhi is assassinated by Nathuram Godse.[31]
1948 September 17: Assassination of Count Folke Bernadotte, United Nations mediator in Palestine, and his aide by Lehi.[32]
[edit] 1950s
- During this and the next decade The Ku Klux Klan re-emerges. Some of the tactics used are lynching, cross burning and assassination.
- 1950 November 1: Puerto Rican nationalists fail to assassinate U.S. President Harry S. Truman.
1951 October 16: Liaquat Ali Khan, Prime Minister of Pakistan, is assassinated by two gun-shots in the chest in a public meeting of the Muslim City League at Municipal Park, Rawalpindi by Saad Akbar Babrak, an Afghan from the Zadran tribe Pacha Khan Zadran.- 1952 August 22: Hurvamorden in Hurva, Sweden. Tore Hedin killed 7 people.
- 1954 March 1: U.S. Capitol shooting incident by Puerto Rican nationalists, wounding five Congressmen.[33]
1955 April 11: Air India "Kashmir Princess" (Lockheed Constellation) went down on the sea near Natuna Islands, Indonesia after a bomb explosion, killing 16 people. The plane was chartered by the People's Republic of China (PRC) government for carrying an official delegation to Bandung Conference in Bandung, Indonesia. Possible suspects include a Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party) secret agent who put the bomb in the aircraft during transit in Hong Kong intending to kill PRC Prime Minister Zhou Enlai.[34]- 1955 August 28: Lynching of Emmett Louis Till in Mississippi.[35]
1955, August: Members of the Algerian FLN massacre civilians in the town of Philippeville.- 1956 September 30: The FLN sets off bombs at the office of Air France and elsewhere in Algiers.
- 1958 October 12: Bombing of the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation Temple Atlanta, Georgia suspicion done by white separatists.[36]
[edit] 1960s
1960 March 4: Possible bombing of the Belgian ammunition carrier La Coubre in the port of Habana, killing over 30 people
1961 April 8: Omani terrorists blow up the passenger liner MV Dara, killing 238 people- 1963: 16th Street Baptist Church bombing. A member of the Ku Klux Klan bombed a Church in Birmingham, Alabama, killing four girls aged 11-14.
- 1963 November 22: U.S. President John F. Kennedy is assassinated while riding in an open vehicle in Texas.
- 1965: The Ku Klux Klan murders Viola Liuzzo, a Southern-raised white mother of five who was visiting the South from her home in Detroit to attend a civil rights march. At the time of her murder Liuzzo was transporting Civil Rights Marchers.
- 1965: The Monumental Plot - New York Police thwart an attempt to dynamite the Statue of Liberty, Liberty Bell, and the Washington Monument by three members of the pro Castro Black Liberation Front and a Quebec Separatist.[37]
1966 March 8: A group of former IRA men planted a bomb that destroyed Nelson's Pillar in Dublin- 1966: Ulster Volunteer Force declares war on the IRA; on June 26 they commit three sectarian murders.
- 1966: NAACP leader Vernon Dahme assassinated by firebomb exploded by The Ku Klux Klan.
- 1966 September 22: A bazooka attack on the Cuban embassy in Ottawa is made.
- 1966 October 5: Anti-Castro forces bomb the offices of the Cuban trade delegation in Ottawa.
1967: May - December: In the Hong Kong 1967 riots, evolved from civil disobedience to terrorism. Leftists killed at least 51 people including eleven policemen, a bomb expert of the British forces and a fireman, through murders or bombs.- 1968: During a student rebellion at Columbia University members of the Students for a Democratic Society and Student Afro-American Society held a Dean hostage demanding an end to both military research on campus and construction of a gymnasium in nearby Harlem.[38]
- 1968 June 6: Senator Robert F. Kennedy assassinated by Sirhan Sirhan.
1968 December 26: Two Palestinian gunmen travel from Beirut to Athens, and attack an El Al jet there, killing one person- 1969 February 13: the Front de Libération du Québec (FLQ) set off a powerful bomb that ripped through the Montreal Stock Exchange causing massive destruction and seriously injuring 27 people.
1969 December 12: Piazza Fontana bombing in Milan, killing 16 people.
[edit] 1970s-2000s
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1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 |
[edit] See also
- Category:Terrorism by country
- Terrorist organizations
- List of assassinated persons
- Aircraft hijacking
- List of events named massacres
[edit] References
- ^ Haun's Mill Massacre
- ^ John Brown Chronology
- ^ The Morgan Walker Raid | lawrence.com
- ^ a b The Story of Ireland by Justin McCarthy
- ^ Jonathan M. Bryant: Ku Klux Klan in the Reconstruction Era, The New Georgia Encyclopedia, October 3, 2002
- ^ The Bloody Shirt Terror After Appomattox by Stephen Budiansky Viking Press
- ^ Prince Alfred visit to Australia in 1868
- ^ Ireland 1852-1868
- ^ Metropolitan Police Service - History of the Metropolitan Police Service
- ^ Robin Fell. Fenians in Parliament 1885, on ALPHA DELTA PLUS a web site for officers who served at Cannon Row Police Station
- ^ Roy Hattersley. Victoria and the big-bang theory, The Observer, Sunday May 26, 2002. reviewing a Fenian Fire: The British Government Plot to Assassinate Queen Victoria by Christy Campbell, HarperCollins.
- ^ Biography of James Garfield
- ^ Radzinsky, Edvard, Alexander II: The Last Great Tsar, (Freepress 2005) p. 413
- ^ BBC - h2g2 - How May Day Became a Workers' Holiday
- ^ ASSAULT ON CZAREVITCH.; Japanese Writer Recalls an International Trage... - Article Preview - The New York Times
- ^ Review of English Studies - Sign In Page
- ^ Biography of William McKinley
- ^ 1904: Teddy's Big Stick
- ^ Helsingin Sanomat - International Edition - Home
- ^ http://www2.malmo.stadsbibliotek.org/nivelo/normal.po?sida=1148
- ^ Ito Hirobumi
- ^ Dedijer, Vladimir. The Road to Sarajevo, Simon and Schuster, New York, 1966
- ^ Battle Of Broken Hill:
- ^ Richard A. Baker: 200 Notable Days: Senate Stories, 1787 to 2002 - Chapter IV: Origins of the modern senate, GPO, Washington D.C., p. 112
- ^ History News Service
- ^ Markov, Georgi. Pokusheniya, nasilie i politika v Balgariya 1878-1947. Voenno izdatelstvo, Sofia, 2003. ISBN 954-509-239-4
- ^ Peshev, Petar. Istoricheski sabitiya i deyateli, 3rd edition. Izdatelstvo na BAN, 1993. ISBN 954-430-155-0
- ^ http://www.planecrashinfo.com/1933/1933-16.htm
- ^ Mad Bomber,' Now 70, Goes Free Today; Mad Bomber,' Now 70, Goes Free T... - Free Preview - The New York Times
- ^ British anger at terror celebration - Times Online
- ^ Mahatma Gandhi & My Grandfather, Young Journalist Tells How Grandfather Witnessed Gandhi Assassination - CBS News
- ^ Count Folke Bernadotte
- ^ HollandSentinel.com -No one expected attack on Congress in 1954 02/29/04
- ^ Whine And Cheez @ www.airwhiners.net
- ^ American Experience | The Murder of Emmett Till
- ^ Greene, Melissa Faye, The Temple Bombing.
- ^ Time Magazine: The Monumental Plot, February 26, 1965
- ^ Columbia University—Barnard Electronic Archive and Teaching Laboratory: EIGHT DAYS IN APRIL (1968), April 1, 1999
[edit] External links
- U.S. National Counterterrorism Center's Worldwide Incidents Tracking System
- MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base
- Fatal Terrorist Attacks in Israel since the Declaration of Principles (September 1993) to September 2000
- Assassination of Liaquat Ali Khan: Documents from the U.S. National Archives
- US State Department's List of Significant Terrorist Incidents (1961 - 2003)
- Terrorism Incidents at the Open Directory Project
- Terrorism Time Line
- History of Terrorism : Timeline of Terrorist Acts - Chronology
- Thinkquest: Timeline of Terror
- Time.com: A Timeline of Terrorism - Hits and Misses
- Infoplease: Terrorist Attacks on Americans
- Infoplease: Terrorist Attacks (within the United States or against Americans abroad)
- Frontline : Terrorist Attacks on Americans
- PBS FRONTLINE/New York Times "Al Qaeda's New Front" Chronology of significant plots uncovered in Europe both before and after 9/11. January 2004
- "Ephéméride Anarchiste" Listing anarchist terrorist incidents in France, or others countries. In French.
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