List of rulers of Wallachia

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This is a List of rulers of Wallachia, from the first mention of a medieval polity situated between the Southern Carpathians and the Danube until the union with Moldavia in 1862, leading to the creation of Romania.

[edit] Notes

Dynastic rule is hard to ascribe, given the loose traditional definition of the ruling family (on principle, princes were chosen from any family branch, including a previous ruler's bastard sons - being defined as os de domn - "of Voivode marrow", or as having heregie - "heredity" (from the Latin hereditas); the institutions charged with the election, dominated by the boyars, had fluctuating degrees of influence). The system itself was challenged by usurpers, and became obsolete with the Phanariote epoch, when rulers were appointed by the Ottoman Sultans; between 1821 and 1878 (the date of Romania's independence), various systems combining election and appointment were put in practice. Wallachian rulers, like the Moldavian rulers, bore the titles of Voivode or/and Hospodar.

Most rulers did not use the form of the name they are cited with, and several used more than one form of their own name; in some cases, the ruler was only mentioned in foreign sources. The full names are either modern versions or ones based on mentions in various chronicles.

[edit] List

Ruler	Years	Family	Notes
Seneslau	c. 1247		Voivode on the eastern side of the Olt River (around the Argeş).
Litovoi	1247-1277		Voivode on the western side of the Olt River.
Bărbat	c. 1277-1290		brother of Litovoi
Thocomerius	c. 1290-1310		some propose Tihomir as a more accurate rendition
Radu Negru	c. 1300		legendary voivode of Wallachia; some historians consider it to be just a nickname of Thocomerius or Basarab I
Wallachian principality attested in the early 14th century.
Basarab I	c. 1310-1352	Basarab	son of Thocomerius; first non-legendary ruler of Wallachia; later also called Basarab Întemeietorul (Basarab the Founder);
Nicolae Alexandru	1352-1364	Basarab	son of Basarab I
Vladislav I	c. 1364-1377	Basarab	son of Nicolae Alexandru; also known as Vlaicu-Vodă
Radu I	c. 1377-1383	Basarab	son of Nicolae Alexandru
Dan I	c. 1383-1386	Dăneşti	son of Radu I
Mircea cel Bătrân (Mircea the Elder)	1386 - 1418	Basarab	son of Radu I
Vlad I Uzurpatorul (Vlad I the Usurper)	1394-1397
Mihail I	1418-1420	Basarab	son of Mircea cel Bătrân
Dan II	1420 - 1421	Dăneşti	son of Dan I, member of the Order of the Dragon; 1st rule
Radu II Chelul (Radu the Bald)	1421	Basarab	son of Mircea cel Bătrân; 1st rule
Dan II	1421 - 1423	Dăneşti	2nd rule
Radu II Chelul	1423	Basarab	2nd rule
Dan II	1423-1424	Dăneşti	3rd rule
Radu II Chelul	1424-1426	Basarab	3rd rule
Dan II	1426-1427	Dăneşti	4th rule
Radu II Chelul	1427	Basarab	4th rule
Dan II	1427-1431	Dăneşti	5th rule
Alexandru I Aldea	1431-1436
Vlad II Dracul	1436 - 1442	Drăculeşti	illegitimate son of Mircea cel Bătrân; member of the Order of the Dragon (thus Dracul); 1st rule
Mircea II	1442	Drăculeşti	son of Vlad II Dracul
Basarab II	1442 - 1443	Dăneşti	son of Dan II
Vlad II Dracul	1443-1447	Drăculeşti	2nd rule
Vladislav II	1447-1448	Dăneşti	son of Dan II; supported by John Hunyadi, Regent of Hungary; 1st rule
Vlad III Ţepeş (Vlad the Impaler)	1448	Drăculeşti	son of Vlad II Dracul, thus called Vlad Dracula (son of Dracul); 1st rule
Vladislav II	1448-1456	Dăneşti	son of Dan II; supported by John Hunyadi, Regent of Hungary; 2nd rule
Vlad III Ţepeş	1456-1462	Drăculeşti	2nd rule
Radu cel Frumos (Radu the Fair)	1462-1473	Drăculeşti	son of Vlad II Dracul; 1st rule
Basarab Laiotă cel Bătrân (Basarab Laiotă the Elder)	1473	Dăneşti	son of Dan II; 1st rule
Radu cel Frumos	1473-1474	Drăculeşti	2nd rule
Basarab Laiotă cel Bătrân	1474	Dăneşti	2nd rule
Radu cel Frumos	1474	Drăculeşti	3rd rule
Basarab Laiotă cel Bătrân	1474	Dăneşti	3rd rule
Radu cel Frumos	1474-1475	Drăculeşti	4th rule
Basarab Laiotă cel Bătrân	1475-1476	Dăneşti	4th rule
Vlad III Ţepeş	1476	Drăculeşti	3rd rule
Basarab Laiotă cel Bătrân	1476-1477	Dăneşti	5th rule
Basarab Ţepeluş cel Tânăr (Basarab Ţepeluş the Younger)	1477-1481	Dăneşti	son of Bassarab II; 1st rule
Mircea	1481
Vlad Călugărul (Vlad the Monk)	1481	Drăculeşti	son of Vlad II Dracul; 1st rule
Basarab Ţepeluş cel Tânăr	1481-1482	Dăneşti	2nd rule
Vlad Călugărul	1482-1485	Drăculeşti	2nd rule
Radu cel Mare (Radu the Great)	1495-1508	Drăculeşti	son of Vlad Călugărul
Mihnea cel Rău (Mihnea the Wrongdoer)	1508-1509	Drăculeşti	son of Vlad III Ţepeş
Mircea III	1509-1510	Drăculeşti	son of Mihnea cel Rău
Vlad cel Tânăr (Vlad the Younger)	1510-1512	Drăculeşti	nephew of son Radu cel Mare; also known as Vlăduţ
Neagoe Basarab	1512-1521	Craioveşti
Teodosie	1521		1st rule
Vlad Călugărul	1521	Drăculeşti	3rd rule
Teodosie	1521-1522		2nd rule
Radu de la Afumaţi	1522-1523	Drăculeşti	illegitimate son of Radu cel Mare; allied with Craioveşti 1st rule
Vladislav III	1523	Dăneşti	son of Vladislav II; 1st rule
Radu Bădica	1523-1524
Radu de la Afumaţi	1524	Craioveşti	2nd rule
Vladislav III	1524	Dăneşti	2nd rule
Radu de la Afumaţi	1524-1525	Craioveşti	3nd rule
Vladislav III	1525	Dăneşti	3rd rule
Radu de la Afumaţi	1525-1529	Craioveşti	4th rule
Basarab V	1529
Moise	1529-1530
Vlad Înecatul (Vlad the Drowned)	1530-1532	Drăculeşti	son of Vlad cel Tânăr
Vlad Vintilă de la Slatina	1532-1535	Drăculeşti	son of Radu cel Mare
Radu Paisie	1535-1545	Drăculeşti	son of Vlad Vintilă de la Slatina
Mircea Ciobanul (Mircea the Shepherd)	1545-1552	Drăculeşti	son of Radu cel Mare; 1st rule
Radu Ilie Haidăul (Radu Ilie the Cowherd)	1552-1553	Drăculeşti	son of Radu de la Afumaţi
Mircea Ciobanul	1553-1554	Drăculeşti	2nd rule
Petru Pătraşcu cel Bun (Pătraşcu the Kind)	1554-1558	Drăculeşti	son of Radu Paisie; 3rd rule
Mircea Ciobanul	1558-1559	Drăculeşti	3rd rule
Petru cel Tânăr (Peter the Younger)	1559-1568	Drăculeşti	son of Mircea Ciobanul
Alexandru II Mircea	1568-1574	Drăculeşti	son of Mircea II; popularly called Oaie Seacă (Barren Sheep); 1st rule
Vintilă	1574	Drăculeşti	son of Petru Pătraşcu cel Bun
Alexandru II Mircea	1574-1577	Drăculeşti	2nd rule
Minhea II Turcitul (Mihnea the Turned-Turk)	1577-1583	Drăculeşti	son of Alexandru II Mircea; 1st rule
Petru Cercel (Peter Earring)	1583-1585	Drăculeşti	son of Petru Pătraşcu cel Bun
Mihnea II Turcitul	1585-1591	Drăculeşti	2nd rule
Ştefan Surdul (Stephen the Deaf)	1591-1592
Alexandru cel Rău (Alexander the Wrongdoer)	1592-1593		also ruled Moldavia (1592)
Mihai Viteazul (Michael the Brave)	1593-1600	Drăculeşti	illegitimate son of Petru Pătraşcu cel Bun; also ruled Transylvania (1599-1600) and Moldavia (1600), briefly uniting the three principalities.
Simion Movilă	1600-1601	Movileşti	1st rule
Radu Mihnea	1601-1602	Drăculeşti	son of Minhea II Turcitul; 1st rule
Simion Movilă	1602	Movileşti	2nd rule
Radu Şerban	1602-1610		1st rule
Gabriel Báthory	1611	Báthory	also Prince of Transylvania
Radu Mihnea	1611	Drăculeşti	2nd rule
Radu Şerban	1611		2nd rule
Radu Mihnea	1611-1616	Drăculeşti	3rd rule
Gabriel Movilă	1616	Movileşti	son of Simion Movilă; 1st rule
Alexandru Iliaş	1616-1618		1st rule
Gabriel Movilă	1618-1620	Movileşti	2nd rule
Radu Mihnea	1620-1623	Drăculeşti	4th rule
Alexandru Coconul (Alexander the Child-Prince)	1623-1627	Drăculeşti	son of Radu Mihnea
Alexandru Iliaş	1627-1629		2nd rule
Leon Tomşa	1629-1632
Radu Iliaş	1632
Matei Basarab	1632-1654	Brâncoveneşti
Constantin Şerban	1654-1658		illegitimate son of Radu Şerban
Mihnea III	1658-1659
Gheorghe Ghica	1659-1660	Ghica
Grigore I Ghica	1660-1664	Ghica	1st rule
Radu Leon	1664-1669
Antonie Vodă din Popeşti	1669-1672
Grigore I Ghica	1672-1673	Ghica	2nd rule
Gheorghe Duca	1673-1678
Şerban Cantacuzino	1678-1688	Cantacuzene
Constantin Brâncoveanu	1688-1714	Brâncoveneşti
Ştefan Cantacuzino	1714-1715	Cantacuzene
Phanariote rule (1715-1821)
Nicolae Mavrocordat	1715-1716	Mavrocordato	1st rule
Habsburg occupation	1716
Ioan Mavrocordat	1716-1719	Mavrocordato
Nicolae Mavrocordat	1719-1730	Mavrocordato	2nd rule
Constantin Mavrocordat	1730	Mavrocordato	1st rule
Mihai Racoviţă	1730-1731	Racoviţă	1st rule
Constantin Mavrocordat	1731-1733	Mavrocordato	2nd rule
Grigore II Ghica	1733-1735	Ghica	1st rule
Constantin Mavrocordat	1735-1741	Mavrocordato	3rd rule
Mihai Racoviţă	1741-1744	Racoviţă	2nd rule
Constantin Mavrocordat	1744-1748	Mavrocordato	4th rule
Grigore II Ghica	1748-1752	Ghica	2nd rule
Matei Ghica	1752-1753	Ghica
Constantin Racoviţă	1753-1756		1st rule
Constantin Mavrocordat	1756-1758		5th rule
Scarlat Ghica	1758-1761	Ghica	1st rule
Constantin Mavrocordat	1761-1763		6th rule
Constantin Racoviţă	1763-1764	Racoviţă	2nd rule
Ştefan Racoviţă	1764-1765	Racoviţă
Scarlat Ghica	1765-1766	Ghica	2nd rule
Alexandru Ghica	1766-1768	Ghica
Russian occupation	1768
Grigore III Ghica	1768-1769	Ghica
Russian occupation	1769-1770
Emanuel Giani Ruset	1770-1771	Rosetti	also called Manole or Manolache
Alexandru Ipsilanti	1774-1782	Ypsilanti	1st rule
Nicolae Caradja	1782-1783	Caradja
Mihai Suţu	1783-1786	Soutzos	1st rule
Nicolae Mavrogheni	1786-1789
Habsburg occupation	1789-1790		military commander: Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg
Mihai Suţu	1791-1793	Soutzos	2nd rule
Alexandru Moruzi	1793-1796	Mourousi	1st rule
Alexandru Ipsilanti	1796-1797	Ypsilanti	2nd rule
Constantin Hangerli	1797-1799
Alexandru Moruzi	1799-1801	Mourousi	2nd rule
Mihai Suţu	1801-1802	Soutzos	3rd rule
Alexandru Suţu	1802	Soutzos
Constantin Ipsilanti	1802-1806	Ypsilanti
Russian occupation	1806-1812
Ioan Gheorghe Caradja	1812-1818	Caradja
Caimacam Grigore Brâncovenu	1818		assisted by Vornic Barbu Văcărescu, Vistier Grigore Ghica and Logofăt Samurcaş
Alexandru Suţu	1818-1821	Soutzos
Caimacam Grigore Brâncoveanu	1821
Tudor Vladimirescu	1821		leader of the anti-Phanariote uprising
Scarlat Callimachi	1821	Callimachi
Grigore IV Ghica	1822-1828	Ghica
Russian occupation	1828-1834		military commanders: Fyodor Pahlen, Pyotr Zheltukhin, and Pavel Kiseleff
Organic Statute government (1832-1856)
Alexandru II Ghica	1834-1842	Ghica
Gheorghe Bibescu	1842-1848	Bibescu
Provisional Government	1848		Metropolitan Neofit II, assisted by Christian Tell, Ion Heliade Rădulescu, Ştefan Golescu, Gheorghe Magheru, Gheorghe Scurti
Locotenenţa domnească (Regency of three)	1848		Christian Tell, Ion Heliade Rădulescu, Nicolae Golescu
Joint Ottoman and Russian occupation	1848-1851		military commanders: Omar Pasha and Alexander von Lüders
Caimacam Constantin Cantacuzino	1848
Barbu Ştirbei	1848-1853	Ştirbei	1st rule
Russian occupation	1853-1854
Ottoman occupation	1854
Austrian occupation	1854-1856		military commander: Johann Coronini-Cronberg
Barbu Ştirbei	1854-1856	Ştirbei	2nd rule
Protectorate established by the Treaty of Paris (1856-1859)
Caimacam Alexandru II Ghica	1856-1858
Caimacam of three	1858-1859		Ioan Manu, Emanoil Băleanu, Ioan A. Filipide
Alexander John Cuza	1859-1862		also ruled Moldavia in personal union
Formal union of Wallachia and Moldavia since 1862. For later rulers, see Domnitor and Kings of Romania.