List of rulers of Taiwan

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Part of a series on
History of Taiwan

History of Taiwan
Prehistory 50000 BCE – 1624 CE
Kingdom of Middag 1540 – 1732
European Taiwan 1624 – 1662
Kingdom of Tungning 1662 – 1683
Qing Taiwan 1683 – 1895
Republic of Taiwan 1895
Japanese Taiwan 1895 – 1945
Post-War Taiwan 1945 – present

Timeline • Rulers • Kaohsiung • Taipei
Archaeological sites • Historical sites

This box: view • talk • edit

Contents

[edit] Dutch Empire (1624-1661)

Main article: Taiwan under Dutch rule

The Dutch Empire, during the period of the Dutch United Provinces and under the auspices of the Dutch East India Company (VOC), attempted to conquer Macau in 1622. Later they colonized the Pescadores Islands, where they built a fort in Makung. In 1624, the Chinese attacked, and the Dutch were driven to Taiwan (then called Formosa, meaning "beautiful island"). That year they established Fort Zeelandia on Taiwan's southwest coast. In 1637, the Dutch conqurered Favorolang (present day Huwei). The names listed here are the Dutch governors:

Name Served
Maarten Sonck 1624-1625
Gerard Frederiksz de With 1625-1627
Pieter Nuyts 1627-1629
Hans Putmans 1627-1629
Hans Putmans 1629-1636
Johan van de Burgh 1636-1640
Paulus Traudenius 1640-1643
Maximiliaan Lemaire 1643-1644
François Caron 1644-1646
Pieter Anthonisz Overwater 1646-1649
Nikolaas Verburch 1649-1653
Cornelis Caesar 1653-1656
Frederik Coyett 1656-1661
Hermanus Clenk 1661
Frederik Coyett 1661-1662

[edit] Spanish Empire (1626-1642)

In response to the Dutch settlements, the Spanish settled at Keelung on the northeast coast of the island in 1626 and built Fort San Salvador. Later they built another outpost, Fort San Domingo, at Tamsui in the northwest. In 1629 these forts had a combined total of about 200 Spaniards and 400 Filipinos. By 1635, the Tamsui settlement was abandoned; however, the Keelung settlement remained in Spanish hands until 1641, when a Dutch force of 11 ships and 1,000 men attacked the fort of 446 people. The Spanish surrendered.

[edit] Kingdom of Tungning (1662-1683)

Main article: Kingdom of Tungning

The Southern Ming (Ming Dynasty loyalists) invaded Taiwan under Koxinga, expelling the Dutch and capturing Fort Zeelandia. They established the Kingdom of Tungning.

King Reign
Zhèng Chénggōng (Koxinga) 1661-1662
Zheng Shixi 1662
Zheng Jing 1662-1681
Zheng Kezang 1681
Zheng Keshuang* 1681-1683

* Regency of Feng Xifan from 1682 to 1683.

[edit] Qing Dynasty (1683-1721)

[edit] Taiwanese revolt (1721)

[edit] Qing Dynasty (1721-1786)

  • Qing rule is reestablished after a month-long revolt. Provincial governors are:
Provincial Governor Served
Wudali 1722
Huang Shujing 1722-1723
Shan Jibu 1723-1724
Jing Kaoxiang 1724-1725
Wang Jijing 1725
Suolin 1725-1726
Yin Qin 1726-1727
Hesuse 1727
Xia Zhifang 1727-1729
Xideshen 1729
Li Yuanshi 1729
Gao Shan 1729-1731
Jueluobiaiyou 1731-1732
Lin Tianmu 1732-1733
Durtai 1733-1734
Yan Ruihong 1734-1735
Bai Qitu 1735-1736
Shan Tepu 1736-1737
Romubu 1737-1738
Yang Erchou 1738-1739
Shuge 1739-1740
Zhang Mei 1740-1741
Shu Shan 1741-1742
Xiong Xuepeng 1742-1743
Liu Shiqi 1743-1744
Fan Xian 1744-1745
Unknown 1745-1786
Lin Tzuang-wen 1786-1788
Circuit administration 1788-1862
Native Rebellion 1862-1863
Circuit administration 1863-1885
Liu Mingchuan 1885-1891
Shao Youlian 1891-1894
T'ang Ching-sung 1894-1895

[edit] Republic of Formosa

Main article: Republic of Formosa

Following its defeat in the First Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895), China ceded Taiwan and the Pescadores to the Empire of Japan in perpetuity, with a grace period for inhabitants wishing to remain Chinese (Qing Dynasty) subjects to sell their property and return to the mainland. The date set for the handover was June 2, 1895.

However, the Republic of Formosa was formed on May 25 by a group of Qing officials and local gentry with its capital at Tainan to resist impending Japanese rule. The republic lasted for less than six months; on October 21, Imperial Japanese Army forces entered the capital and quelled the resistance. The Republic of Taiwan had two presidents:

President Served
Tang Ching-sung May 25, 1895-June 5, 1895
Liu Yung-fu June 5, 1895-October 21, 1895

[edit] Japanese Empire (1895-1945)

Main article: Governor-General of Taiwan

After establishing control over the island, the Japanese used the French Empire model of an occupying force and were instrumental in the industrialization of the island; they built railroads, a sanitation system and a public school system, among other things. Around 1935, the Japanese began an island-wide assimilation project to bind the island more firmly to the empire.

In 1941, war broke out when the Japanese attacked the U.S. naval port of Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. By 1945, desperate plans were in place to incorporate popular representation of Taiwan into the Imperial Diet to end colonial rule of the island and transfer occupying troops to the front lines to fight the Allies.

Following the end of World War II in 1945, under the terms of the Instrument of Surrender of Japan, Japan provisionally accepted the Potsdam Declaration (which referenced the never-signed Cairo Declaration), under which the island was to be transferred to the Republic of China. ROC troops were authorized to come to Taiwan to accept the surrender of Japanese military forces in General Order No. 1, issued by Douglas MacArthur, the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers, on September 2, 1945. ROC troops were later transported to Keelung by the U.S. Navy.

Name Served
Motonori Kabayama 1895-1896
Katsura Taro 1896
Maresuke Nogi 1896-1898
Gentaro Kodama 1898-1906
Samata Sakuma 1906-1915
Teibi Ando 1915-1918
Motojiro Akashi 1918-1919
Kenjiro Den 1919-1923
Kakichi Uchida 1923-1924
Takio Izawa 1924-1926
Mitsunoshin Ueyama 1926-1928
Takeji Kawamura 1928-1929
Eizo Ishizuka 1929-1931
Masahiro Ota 1931-1932
Hiroshi Minami 1932
Kenzo Nakagawa 1932-1936
Seizo Kobayashi 1936-1940
Kiyoshi Hasegawa 1940-1944
Rikichi Ando 1944-1946

[edit] Republic of China

Main article: List of leaders of the Republic of China

[edit] See also

[edit] External links