List of rulers of Monaco

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Legend
Ruler of Monaco
Foreign occupation
Regent

The following is a chronological list of rulers of Monaco. Most belong to the House of Grimaldi; exceptions, which consist primarily of the principality's administrators under periods of foreign occupation, are noted.

Contents

[edit] Lords of Monaco

Name Reign Notes
François Grimaldi January 8, 12971 Though François seized the Rock, he was never ruler of Monaco.
Rainier I, Lord of Cagnes January 8, 1297 – April 10, 1301 François's cousin1
Under Genoese control from April 10, 1301 to September 12, 1331
Lords of Monaco (French: Seigneurs de Monaco)
Charles I September 12, 1331 – August 15, 1357 Joint rulers from June 29, 1352 to August 15, 1357
Antonio June 29, 1352 – August 15, 1357
Rainier II June 29, 1352 – August 15, 1357
Gabriel June 29, 1352 – August 15, 1357
Under Genoese control from August 15, 1357 to January 1395
Louis January 1395 – December 19, 1395 First of two reigns2; jointly with Jean I
Jean I January 1395 – December 19, 1395 First of three reigns3; jointly with Louis
Under Genoese control from December 19, 1395 to May 11, 1397
Louis May 11, 1397 – November 5, 1402 Second of two reigns
Under Genoese control from November 5, 1402 to June 5, 1419
Ambroise of Menton June 5, 1419 – 1427 Jointly with Antonie and Jean I
Antonie of Roquebrune June 5, 1419 – 1427 Jointly with Ambroise and Jean I
Jean I June 5, 1419 – October 3, 1436 Second of three reigns3; jointly with Ambroise and Antonie
Occupied by the Duchy of Milan under the governorship of Blaise Assereto from October 3, 1436 to November 1436
Jean I November 1436 – May 8, 1454 Third of three reigns
Catalan, Lord of Monaco May 8, 1454 – July 1457  
Claudine July 1457 – March 16, 1458  
Pomelline Fregoso July 1457 – March 16, 1458 Regent for Lady Claudine
Lambert March 16, 1458 – March 1494  
Jean II March 1494 – October 11, 1505  
Lucien October 11, 1505 – August 22, 1523  
Honoré I August 22, 1523 – October 7, 1581  
Augustine Grimaldi August 22, 1523 – April 14, 1532 Regent for Honoré I
Nicholas Grimaldi April 14, 1532 – April 23, 1532 Regent for Honoré I
Étienne Grimaldi April 23, 1532 – December 16, 1540 Regent for Honoré I
Charles II October 7, 1581 – May 17, 1589  
Hercule May 17, 1589 – November 29, 1604  
Honoré II November 29, 1604 – January 10, 1662 Though he started his rule as Lord of Monaco, Honoré II later became the first Prince of Monaco4.
Prince Francis Landi of Valdetare November 29, 1604 – 1616 Regent for Honoré II

[edit] Princes of Monaco

Name Reign Notes
Princes of Monaco (French: Princes de Monaco)
Honoré II November 29, 1604 – January 10, 1662 Though he started his rule as the last Lord of Monaco, Honoré II later became Prince of Monaco4.
Louis I January 10, 1662 – January 2, 1701 Louis I is not to be confused with Louis, an earlier Lord of Monaco2.
Antoine I January 2, 1701 – February 20, 1731  
Louise-Hippolyte February 26, 1731 – December 29, 1731  
Jacques I February 20, 1731 – December 31, 1731 Regent for Louise-Hippolyte until her death
Jacques I December 31, 1731 – November 7, 1733  
Chevalier de Grimaldi May 20, 1732 – November 28, 1784 Regent for Honoré III
Honoré III November 7, 1733 – January 19, 1793  
Ruled by an elected National Convention and its president Joseph Barriera from January 19, 1793 – February 24, 1793
Annexed by France on February 14, 1793; under French occupation until June 17, 1814
Armand Louis de Gontant February 24, 1793 – March 1, 1793 French commandant
Henri Grégoire  ? – ? French commissioner
Grégoire Marie Jagot  ? – ? French commissioner
Under allied occupation from May 17, 1814 to June 17, 1814
Honoré IV May 30, 1814 – February 16, 1819  
Joseph Marie Jerôme Honoré Grimaldi, June 17, 1814 – June 23, 1814 Regent for Honoré IV
The State Council of Monaco, consisting of Louis Millo-Terrazzani, Horace Pretti de Saint-Ambroise, Antoine Sigaldi, Joseph Rey, and Honoré Albini, ruled on behalf of Honoré IV from June 23, 1814 to March 4, 1819.
Honoré Grimaldi March 3, 1815 – February 16, 1819 Regent for his father Honoré IV in his old age; became Honoré V upon his father's death
Honoré V February 16, 1819 – October 2, 1841  
Florestan I October 2, 1841 – June 20, 1856  
Charles III June 20, 1856 – September 10, 1889  
Albert I September 10, 1889 – June 26, 1922  
Louis II June 26, 1922 – May 9, 1949  
Rainier III May 9, 1949 – April 6, 2005  
Prince Albert, Marquis of Baux March 31, 2005 – April 6, 2005 The Crown Council of Monaco named Albert Regent for his father Rainier III while incapacitated; became Albert II upon his father's death
Albert II April 6, 2005 – Present  

[edit] Notes

History of Monaco
The Coat of Arms of the Principality of Monaco

Rock of Monaco
House of Grimaldi
   List of rulers
Franco-Monegasque Treaty
  1. François Grimaldi is often cited as the principality's first ruler, though he was simply the leader of the group which seized the Rock of Monaco on 8 January 1297. François's cousin Rainier I, Lord of Cagnes, was, in fact, the first sovereign Grimaldi ruler of the area now known as Monaco. His successor Charles I, who retook the Rock after thirty years of Genoese rule, was the first true Lord of Monaco, and is thus widely considered the founder of the dynasty.
  2. Three men named Louis have ruled Monaco: Louis, Lord of Monaco, twice in the 1390s and early 1400s; Prince Louis I from 1662 to 1701; and Prince Louis II from 1922 to 1949.
  3. Jean I ruled or co-ruled for three separate periods. During the second, after the death of his co-ruler Antonie and the abdication of Ambroise in 1427, he continued as sole ruler, thus assuming a Roman numeral I in later historical texts.
  4. Starting in 1612, Honoré II was the first Monegasque ruler to add the personal style of Prince to his former title, Lord of Monaco; this became official when Philip IV of Spain recognized Monaco as a principality in 1633. It may be added that, through possession of territories in Italy, the Grimaldi rulers of Monaco were already entitled to the designation of prince, in a personal capacity.

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  • Burke's Royal Families of the World, Vol. 1: Europe and Latin America. London: Burke's Publishing Co., 1977. ISBN 0-85011-029-7.
  • Cahoon, Benjamin. Monaco. World Statesmen. Retrieved on March 16, 2005.
  • Velde, François. Monaco. Heraldica. Retrieved on March 25, 2005.