List of rulers of Moldavia

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This is a List of rulers of Moldavia, from the first mention of the medieval polity east of the Carpathians and until its disestablishment in 1862, when it united with Wallachia, the other Danubian Principality, to form the modern-day state of Romania.

[edit] Notes

Dynastic rule is hard to ascribe, given the loose traditional definition of the ruling family (on principle, princes were chosen from any branch, including a previous ruler's bastard sons - being defined as os de domn - "of Voivode marrow", or as having hereghie - "heredity" (from the Latin hereditas); the institutions charged with the election, dominated by the boyars, had fluctuating degrees of influence). The system itself was challenged by usurpers, and became obsolete with the Phanariote epoch, when rulers were appointed by the Ottoman Sultans. Between 1821 and 1862, various systems combining election and appointment were put in practice. Moldavian rulers, like Wallachian and other Eastern European rulers, bore the titles of Voivode or/and Hospodar.

Most rulers did not use the form of the name they are cited with, and several used more than one form of their own name; in some cases, the ruler was only mentioned in foreign sources. The full names are either modern versions or ones based on mentions in various chronicles.

[edit] List

Ruler	Years	Family	Notes
Dragoş	1352-1353
Sas	1354-1358		son of Dragoş
Bâlc	1359		son of Sas
Bogdan I	1359-1365	Bogdan	deposed Bâlc
Laţcu	1365-1373	Bogdan	son of Bogdan I
Costea	1373-1374	Muşat	brother-in-law of Laţcu
Iuga Koriatovici	1374-1377
Petru I	1375-1391	Muşat	son of Costea
Roman I	1391-1394	Muşat	son of Costea
Ştefan I	1394-1399	Muşat	son of Costea
Iuga Koriatovici	1399-1400		2nd rule; deposed by intervention of Mircea of Wallachia
Alexandru cel Bun (Alexander the Kind)	1400-1432	Muşat	son of Roman I, son-in-law of Iuga, installed by Mircea
Iliaş	1432-1433	Muşat	son of Alexandru cel Bun; 1st rule
Ştefan II	1434-1435	Muşat	son of Alexandru cel Bun; 1st rule
Iliaş	1435-1443	Muşat	2nd rule, jointly with Ştefan II
Ştefan II	1436-1447	Muşat	2nd rule, until 1443 jointly with Iliaş; 1444-1445 jointly with Petru II
Petru II	1444-1445	Muşat	son of Alexandru cel Bun; 1st rule
Roman II	1447-1448	Muşat	son of Iliaş
Petru II	1448-1449	Muşat	2nd rule
Ciubăr Vodă	1449		his name, literally Tub Voivode, may derive from the Hungarian word Csupor); mentioned by Grigore Ureche
Alexăndrel	1449-1423		1st rule
Bogdan II	1449-1451	Muşat	nephew of Alexandru cel Bun
Petru Aron	1451-1452	Muşat	illegitimate son of Alexandru cel Bun; 1st rule
Alexăndrel	1452-1454		1st rule
Petru Aron	1454-1455	Muşat	2nd rule
Alexăndrel	1455		3nd rule
Petru Aron	1455-1457	Muşat	3rd rule
Ştefan cel Mare (Stephen the Great)	1457-1504	Muşat	son Bogdan II
Bogdan III cel Orb (Bogdan III the Blind)	1457-1504	Muşat	son Ştefan cel Mare; also called Bogdan cel Chior (Bogdan the One-Eyed)
Ştefan IV	1517-1527	Muşat	son of Bogdan III; also called Ştefăniţă until 1523 under the regency of Luca Arbore, Gatekeeper of Suceava
Petru Rareş	1527-1538	Muşat	illegitimate son of Ştefan cel Mar, 1st rule
Ştefan Lăcustă (Stephen Locust)	1538-1540	Muşat	grandson of Ştefan cel Mar
Alexandru Cornea	1540-1541	Muşat	grandson of Petru Aron
Petru Rareş	1541-1546	Muşat	2nd rule
Ilie II Rareş	1546-1551	Muşat	son of Petru Rareş
Ştefan VI Rareş	1551-1552	Muşat	son of Petru Rareş
Ioan Joldea	1552
Alexandru Lăpuşneanu	1552-1561		1st rule
Ioan Iacob Heraclid (Jacob Heraclides)	1561-1563		the Despot Vodă
Ştefan Tomşa	1563-1564
Alexandru Lăpuşneanu	1564-1568		2nd rule
Bogdan IV	1568-1572
Ioan cel Cumplit (John the Terrible)	1572-1574		also called cel Viteaz) (the Brave) or Armeanul (the Armenian)
Petru Şchiopul (Peter the Lame)	1574-1577		1st rule
Ioan Potcoavă	1577		Hetman, also called Ivan Pidkova, Nicoară Potcoavă or Ivan Sarpega
Petru Şchiopul	1578-1579		2nd rule
Iancu V Sasul (John the Saxon)	1579-1582	Muşat	illegitimate son of Petru Rareş
Petru Şchiopul	1582-1591		3rd rule
Aron Tiranul (Aaron the Tyrant)	1591-1592		1st rule
Alexandru cel Rău (Alexander the Wrongdoer)	1592		also ruled Wallachia (1592-1593)
Petru Cazacul (Peter the Cossack)	1592	Muşat	illegitimate son of Bogdan III
Aron Tiranul (Aaron the Tyrant)	1592-1595		2nd rule
Ştefan Răzvan	1595
Ieremia Movilă	1595-1600	Movileşti	grandson of Petru Rareş; 1st rule
Mihai Viteazul (Michael the Brave)	1600	Drăculeşti	also ruled Wallachia (1593-1600) and Transylvania (1599-1600), briefly uniting the three principalities.
Ieremia Movilă	1600-1606	Movileşti	2nd rule
Simion Movilă	1606-1607	Movileşti	brother of Iremia Movilă
Mihail Movilă	1607	Movileşti	son of Ieremia Movilă; 1st rule
Constantin Movilă	1607	Movileşti	son of Ieremia Movilă; under the regency of his mother Elzbieta Csomortany de Losoncz; 1st rule
Mihail Movilă	1607	Movileşti	2nd rule
Constantin Movilă	1607-1611	Movileşti	under the regency of his mother; 2nd rule
Ştefan II Tomşa	1611-1615		2nd rule
Constantin Movilă	1615-1616	Movileşti	3rd rule
Radu Mihnea	1616-1619	Drăculeşti	1st rule
Gaspar Graziani	1619-1620
Alexandru Iliaş	1620-1621		1st rule
Ştefan II Tomşa	1621-1623		2nd rule
Radu Mihnea	1623-1626	Drăculeşti	2nd rule
Miron Barnovschi-Movilă	1626-1629	Movileşti	1st rule
Alexandru Coconul (Alexander the Child-Prince)	1626-1629	Drăculeşti	1st rule
Moise Movilă	1630-1631	Movileşti	1st rule
Alexandru Iliaş	1631-1633		2nd rule
Miron Barnovschi-Movilă	1633	Movileşti	2nd rule
Moise Movilă	1633-1634	Movileşti	2nd rule
Vasile Lupu	1634-1653		1st rule
Gheorghe Ştefan	1653		1st rule
Vasile Lupu	1653		2nd rule
Gheorghe Ştefan	1653-1658		2nd rule
Gheorghe Ghica	1658-1659	Ghica
Constantin Şerban	1659		1st rule
Ştefăniţă Lupu	1659-1661		also called Papură-Vodă (Bullrush Voivode); 1st rule
Constantin Şerban	1661		2nd rule
Ştefăniţă Lupu	1659-1661		2nd rule
Eustratie Dabija	1661-1665
Gheorghe Duca	1665-1666		1st rule
Iliaş Alexandru	1666-1668
Gheorghe Duca	1668-1672		2nd rule
Ştefan Petriceicu	1672-1673		1st rule
Dumitraşcu Cantacuzino	1673	Cantacuzene	1st rule
Ştefan Petriceicu	1673-1674		2nd rule
Dumitraşcu Cantacuzino	1674-1675	Cantacuzene	2nd rule
Antonie Ruset	1675-1678	Rosetti
Gheorghe Duca	1678-1683		3rd rule
Ştefan Petriceicu	1683-1684		3rd rule
Dumitraşcu Cantacuzino	1684-1685	Cantacuzene	3rd rule
Constantin Cantemir	1685-1693	Cantemireşti
Dimitrie Cantemir	1693	Cantemireşti	1st rule; deposed by Ottomans
Constantin Duca	1693-1695		1st rule
Antioh Cantemir	1695-1700	Cantemireşti	1st rule
Constantin Duca	1700-1703		2nd rule
Chancellor Ioan Buhuş	1703		1st term
Mihai Racoviţă	1703-1705	Racoviţă	1st rule
Antioh Cantemir	1705-1707	Cantemireşti	2nd rule
Mihai Racoviţă	1707-1709	Racoviţă	2nd rule
Chancellor Ioan Buhuş	1709-1710		2nd term
Nicolae Mavrocordat	1709-1710	Mavrocordato	1st rule
Dimitrie Cantemir	1710-1711	Cantemireşti	2nd rule
Phanariote rule (1711-1821)
Caimacam Lupu Costachi	1711
Ioan Mavrocordat	1711	Mavrocordato
Nicolae Mavrocordat	1711-1715	Mavrocordato	2nd rule
Mihai Racoviţă	1715-1726	Racoviţă	3rd rule
Grigore II Ghica	1726-1733	Ghica	1st rule
Constantin Mavrocordat	1733-1735	Mavrocordato	1st rule
Grigore II Ghica	1735-1739	Ghica	2nd rule
Russian occupation	1739
Grigore II Ghica	1739-1741	Ghica	3rd rule
Constantin Mavrocordat	1741-1743	Mavrocordato	2nd rule
Ioan Mavrocordat	1743-1747	Mavrocordato	2nd rule
Grigore II Ghica	1747-1748	Ghica	4th rule
Constantin Mavrocordat	1748-1749	Mavrocordato	3rd rule
Iordache Stavrachi	1749
Constantin Racoviţă	1749-1753	Racoviţă	1st rule
Matei Ghica	1753-1756	Ghica
Constantin Racoviţă	1756-1757	Racoviţă	2nd rule
Scarlat Ghica	1757-1758	Ghica
Ioan Teodor Callimachi	1758-1761	Callimachi
Grigore Callimachi	1761-1764	Callimachi	1st rule
Grigore III Ghica	1764-1767	Ghica	1st rule
Grigore Callimachi	1767-1769	Callimachi	2nd rule
Constantin Mavrocordat	1769	Mavrocordato	4th rule
Russian occupation	1769-1774
Grigore III Ghica	1774-1777	Ghica	2nd rule
Constantin Moruzi	1777-1782	Mourousi	4th rule
Alexandru Mavrocordat Delibey	1782-1785	Mavrocordato
Alexandru Mavrocordat Firaris	1785-1786	Mavrocordato
Alexandru Ipsilanti	1786-1788	Ypsilanti
Austrian occupation	1787-1791		military commander: Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg
Emanuel Giani Ruset	1788-1789	Rosetti	also called Manole or Manolache
Russian occupation	1788-1791
Alexandru Moruzi	1792	Mourousi	1st rule
Mihai Suţu	1793-1795	Soutzos	also called Draco
Alexandru Callimachi	1795-1799	Callimachi
Constantin Ipsilanti	1799-1801	Ypsilanti
Alexandru Suţu	1801-1802	Soutzos
Chancellor Iordache Conta	1802
Alexandru Moruzi	1802	Mourousi	2nd rule
Scarlat Callimachi	1806	Callimachi	1st rule
Alexandru Moruzi	1806-1807	Mourousi	3rd rule
Russian occupation	1806-1812
Bessarabia is placed under Imperial Russian rule in 1812. (See also President of Moldova, for the rulers of Moldova, a part of this territory which became independent in the 20th century.)
Alexandru Hangerli	1807
Scarlat Callimachi	1807	Callimachi	deposed by Russians
Caimacam Iordache Ruset-Roznovanu	1807	Rosetti
Caimacam Metropolitan Veniamin Costache	1807-1812		1st term
Scarlat Callimachi	1812-1819	Callimachi
Mihail Suţu	1819-1821	Soutzos
Stolnici Manu and Rizos-Nerulos	1819
Caimacam Metropolitan Veniamin Costache	1821		2nd term
Filiki Eteria occupation	1821		military commander: Alexander Ypsilanti
Caimacam Stefan Bogoridi (Ştefan Vogoride)	1821-1822
Ioan Sturdza	1822-1828
Russian occupation	1828-1834		military commanders: Fyodor Pahlen, Pyotr Zheltukhin, and Pavel Kiseleff
Organic Statute government (1832-1856)
Mihail Sturdza	1834-1849
Grigore Alexandru Ghica	1849-1853	Ghica	1st rule
Russian occupation	1853-1854
Grigore Alexandru Ghica	1854-1856	Ghica	2nd rule
Protectorate established by the Treaty of Paris (1856-1859)
Extraordinary Administrative Council	1856
Caimacam Teodor Balş	1856-1857
Caimacam Nicolae Vogoride	1857-1858
Caimacams	1858-1859		Ştefan Catargiu, Vasile Sturdza and Anastasie Panu (Catargiu resigns in 1858 and is replaced by Ioan A. Cantacuzino)
Alexander John Cuza	1859-1862		also ruled Wallachia in personal union
Formal union of Moldavia and Wallachia in 1862. For later rulers, see Domnitor and King of Romania.

[edit] References