List of rulers of Estonia

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The Rulers of Estonia is a list of the rulers of Estonia throughout the history. Starting with the ancient Counties and Parishes each headed by Seniores and Meliores (Elders) as noted by Henry of Livonia. The highest political institutions in Estonia during ancient times were Councils of Elders. The administrative jurisdiction of the parish and county elders were limited, the counties themselves remained autonomous ^[1] until the German and Danish conquest in the 13th century. Ending with the states and the rulers of states (starting from the time of the first successful Danish conquest in 1219) who either ruled or laid claims of sovereignty over some parts of the territory of present day Estonia, as well as the leaders of the independent Republic of Estonia since 1918.

1 Ancient Counties and Parishes
2 Sakala
3 Alempois
4 Harria (Harju)
5 Jerwia (Järva)
6 Rotalia (Läänemaa)
7 Nurmekund
8 Ugandi
9 Vaiga
10 Virumaa
11 Revelia (Revala)
12 Osilia (Saaremaa)
13 Bishoprics
- 13.1 Bishopric of Dorpat
- 13.2 Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek
14 States

[edit] Ancient Counties and Parishes

Counties of Ancient Estonia

[edit] Sakala

Title: Elder (- 1223)

before 1211–21 September 1217 Lembitu
21 September 1217 - ? Unnepeve
Meeme

[edit] Alempois

Title: Elder (- 1224)

[edit] Harria (Harju)

Title: Elder (- 1224)

[edit] Jerwia (Järva)

Title: Elder (- 1224)

[edit] Rotalia (Läänemaa)

Title: Elder (- 1224)

[edit] Nurmekund

Title: Elder (- 1224)

[edit] Ugandi

Title: Elder (- 1224)

[edit] Vaiga

Title: Elder (- 1224)

[edit] Virumaa

Title: Elder (- 1224)

Kyriavanus
Tabelinus

[edit] Revelia (Revala)

Title: Elder (- 1224)

[edit] Osilia (Saaremaa)

Title: Elder - It is probable that these men, whose names appear on a treaty with the Order of the Brethern of the Sword in 1251, were the chiefs of administrative units on Saaremaa, Muhu, and Sõrve. Their "signatures" were, in all likelihood, phonetically "Latinized" by the authors of the document.

Ylle
Culle
Enu
Muntelene
Tappete
Yalde
Melete
Cake

[edit] Bishoprics

[edit] Bishopric of Dorpat

Title: Bishop and Lord, Rulers over Ugenois with Waigel, Sobolitz, Saccala with Moicke, Alumbus and Nurmegunde (1224 – 1558)

1224 - 1247 Hermann I
1247 - 1251 Vacant
1263 - 1268 Alexander
1268 - 1288 Friedrich
1289 - 1302 Bernhard
1302 - 1312 Dietrich Vyshusen
1313 - 1323 Nikolaus
1323 - 1341 Engelbert von Dolen
1342 - 1344 Wescelus
1346 - 1373 Johannes Viffhusen
1373 - 1378 Heinrich Velde
1378 - 1400 Dietrich III Damerow
1400 - 1410 Heinrich Wrangel
1410 - 1413 Bernhard Bülow
1413 - 1441 Dietrich IV Resler
1441 - 1459 Bartholomäus Savijerwe
1459 - 1468 Helmich von Mallinkrodt
1468 - 1473 Andreas Pepler
1473 - 1485 Johannes Bertkow
1485 - 1498 Dietrich Hake
1499 - 1505 Johannes III von der Rope
1505 - 1513 Gerhard Schrove
1513 - 1514 Johannes Duesborg
1514 - 1518 Christian Bomhower
1518 - 1527 Johann Blankenfeld
1528 - 1543 Johannes VII Bey
1543 - 1551 Jodokus von der Recke
1554 - 1558 Hermann II Wesel
1552 - 1558 Hermann II Wesel

[edit] Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek

Title: Bishop, Rulers over Osilia and Rotalia (1 October 1228 – 1559)

1228-1229 Gottfried
Vacant
1234-1260? Heinrich I
1262-1285? Hermann I
1290?-1294 Heinrich II
Vacant
1297?-1307? Konrad I
Vacant
1310-1321 Hartung
1322-1337 Jakob
1338-1362 Hermann II Osenbrügge
1363-1374 Konrad II
1374-1381 Heinrich III
Vacant
1385-1419 Winrich von Kniprode
1420-1423 Kaspar Schuwenflug
1423-1432 Christian Kuband
1432-1438 Johann I Schutte
1439-1458 Ludolf Grove (in Saaremaa (Ösel) and Hiiumaa (Dagö) 1449-1457 with Johann II Creul)
1449-1457 Johann II Creul (in Läänemaa (Wiek))
Vacant
1460-1471 Jodokus Hoenstein
1471-1491 Peter Wetberch
1491-1515 Johann III Orgas
1515-1527 Johann IV Kyvel
1527-1530 Georg von Tiesenhausen
1532-1541 Reinhold Buxhoewden
1542-1560 Johann V von Münchhausen 1542-1560
1560-1572 Magnus, Duke of Holstein (Protestant bishop)

[edit] States

[edit] Kievan Rus'

Title: Grand Prince Rulers over parts of Ugaunia (1030 - 1061)

Yaroslav I the Wise

1030–1054 Jaroslav Tark
1054–1061 Izjaslav I

[edit] Kingdom of Denmark

Title: King (1219–1346) Rulers over Harria and Vironia

1219-1241 : Valdemar II Võitja
1241-1250 : Erik IV Plovpenning
1250-1252 : Abel
1252-1259 : Christoffer I
1259-1286 : Erik V Glipping
1286-1320 : Erik VI Menved
1320-1326 : Christoffer II
1326-1329 : Valdemar III
1329-1332 : Christoffer II
1332-1340 : interregnum
1340-1346 : Valdemar IV Atterdag

[edit] Livonian Order

Title: Grand Master of Livonia (1237–1561) Rulers over Saccala or Sackalia (fiefdom of the Bishopric of Dorpat and Jervia

1237-1239 Hermann Valke
1240-1241 Andreas von Velven
1242-1245 Diderick von Groningen
1245-1246 Heinrich von Heimburg
1248-1253 Andreas von Stirland
1253-1256 Anno von Sangerhausen
1257-1260 Burchard von Hornhusen
1261-1263 Werner von Breithausen
1263-1266 Konrad von Mandern
1266-1270 Otto von Lutterberg
1270-1273 Walther von Nortecken
1273-1279 Ernst von Rassburg
1279-1281 Konrad von Feuchtwanger
1281-1287 Wilken von Endorp
1288-1290 Konrad von Hazzigenstein (Konrad von Herzogenstein)
1290-1293 Halt von Hohembach
1295-1296 Heinrich von Dinkelaghe
1296-1298 Bruno
1298-1307 Gottfried von Rogge
1309-1322 Conrad von Jorke (Conrad von Jocke)
1322-1324 K. Ketelhoed or Johannes Ungenade
1324-1328 Reimar Hane
1328-1340 Everhard von Monheim
1340-1345 Burchard von Dreileben
1345-1359 Goswin von Herike
1359-1364 Arnold von Vietinghof
1364-1385 Wilhelm von Vrymersheim
1385-1389 R. von Eltz
1389-1401 Wolmer von Brüggeney
1401-1413 Konrad von Vietinghof
1413-1415 Diderick Tork
1415-1424 Siegfried Lander von Spanheim
1424–1433 Zisse von Rutenberg (Gisse von Rutenberg)
1433-1435 Franco Kerskorff

Zygmunt II August

1435-1437 Heinrich von Bockenvorde
1438-1450 H. Vinke von Overbergen
1450-1469 Johann Osthoff von Mengede
1470-1471 Johann Wolthuss von Herse
1471-1483 Bernd von der Borch
1483-1494 Johann Fridach von Loringhofe
1494-1535 Wolter von Plettenberg
1535-1549 Hermann Hasenkamp von Brüggeneye
1549-1551 Johann von der Recke

Henryk II Walezy

1551-1557 Heinrich von Galen
1557-1559 Johann Wilhelm von Fürstenberg
1559-1561 Gotthard Kettler

[edit] Kingdom of Poland

Title: King (1561 – 1569)

[edit] Jagiellon Dynasty

Stefan Batory

1561-1569 Sigismund II Augustus

[edit] Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Title: King (1569 – 1572)

[edit] Jagiellon Dynasty

1569-1572 Sigismund II Augustus

Title: Electoral King (1572 - 1586)

1572-1573 Henryk II Walezy

Image:Sigismund of Sweden.jpg

Sigismund III

1576-1586 Stefan I Batory

Title: King (1587 – 1660)

[edit] House of Vasa

1587–1632 Sigismund III; known also as Sigismund of Sweden
1632-1648 Władysław IV Waza
1648-1660 Jan II Kazimierz

[edit] Swedish Governors

1561 - 1562 Lars Ivarsson Fleming
1562 - 1564 Swante Stenson Sture
1564 - 1565 Hermann Pederson Fleming
1565 - 1568 Henrik Klasson Horn
1568 - 1570 Gabriel Kistiernsson
1570 - 1572 Hans Björnson
1572 - 1574 Claes Åkeson Tott
1574 - 1575 Pontus de la Gardie
1576 - 1578 Karl Henriksson Horn
1576 - 1577 Nilsson Hans Erikson Finne
1577 - 1580 Göran Boije af Gennäs
1580 - 1581 Swante Erikson Stolarn
1582 - 1583 Göran Boije
1583 - 1585 Pontus
1585 - 1588 Gustaf Gabrielson Oxenstierna
1588 - 1590 Gustaf Axelson Banér
1590 - 1592 Erik Gabriel Oxenstierna
1592 - 1600 Göran Boije
1600 - 1601 Karl Henriksson Horn
1601 - 1602 Moritz Stensson Leijonhufvud
1605 - 1608 Axel Nilsson Ryning
1611 - 1617 Gabriel Bengtsson Oxenstierna
1617 - 1619 Anders Eriksson Hästehufvud
1619 - 1622 Jacob de la Gardie
1622 - 1626 Peder Gustafson Banér
1626 - 1628 Johan Pontusson
1628 - 1642 Philipp Scheiding
1642 - 1646 Gustaf Gabrielson Oxenstierna
1646 - 1653 Erik Axelson Oxenstierna
1653 - 1655 Heinrich greve von Thurn
1655 - 1656 Wilhelm Ulrich
1656 - 1674 Bengt K. Horn
1674 - 1681 Andreas Lennartson Torstensson
1681 - 1687 Robert Johannson Lichton
1687 - 1704 Axel Julius
1704 - 1706 Wolmar Anton von Schlippenbach
1706 - 1709 Niels Jonsson
1709 - 1710 Carl Gustaf

[edit] Russian Governors

1710 - 1711 Rudolf Felix Bauer
1711 - 1719 Prince Aleksandr Danilovich
1719 - 1728 Fyodor Matveyevich Graf Apraksin
1728 - 1736 Friedrich Baron von Löwen
1736 - 1738 Sebastian Ernst von Manstein
1738 - 1740 Otto Gustag
1740 - 1743 Woldemar von Löwendahl
1743 - 1753 Peter August Friedrich Herzog von Holstein-Beck
1753 - 1758 Prince Vladimir Petrovich Dolgorukiy
1758 - 1775 Peter August Friedrich Herzog von Holstein-Beck
1775 - 1792 Count George Browne
1783 - 1786 Georg Friedrich von Grotenhielm
1786 - 1797 Heinrich Johann Baron von Wrangell
1797 - 1808 Andreas von Langell
1808 - 1809 Peter Friedrich Georg von Holstein-Oldenburg
1809 - 1811 Vacant
1811 - 1816 Paul Friedrich August Grossherzog von Holstein-Oldenburg
1816 - 1819 Berend Baron Üxküll
1819 - 1832 Gotthard Wilhelm Baron Budberg von Bönninghausen
1832 - 1833 Otto Wilhelm von Essen
1833 - 1841 Paul Friedrich von Benckendorff
1842 - 1859 Johann Christoph Engelbrecht von Grünewaldt
1859 - 1868 Wilhelm Otto Cornelius Alexander Ulrich
1868 - 1870 Mikhail Nikolaiyevich Galkin-Vraskoy
1870 - 1875 Prince Mikhail Valentinovich Shakhovskoiy-Glebov-Strezhnev
1875 - 1885 Viktor Petrovich Polivanov
1885 - 1894 Prince Sergey Vladimirovich
1894 - 1902 Yefstafiy Nikolaiyevich Skalon
1902 - 1905 Aleksey Valerianovich Bellegarde
1905 - 1906 Nikolay Georgiyevich von Bünting
1906 - 1907 Pyotr Petrovich Bashilov
1907 - 1915 Izmail Vladimirovich Korostovetch
1915 - 1917 Pyotr Vladimirovich Veryovkin

[edit] Russian Provisional Government, 1917

Title: Chairman (1917)

Georgy Evgenyevich Lvov (15 March (2 March) - 21 July (8 July) 1917)

Title: Prime Minister (1917)

Alexander Kerensky

Aleksandr Kerensky (21 July (8 July) - 7 November (25 October) 1917)

[edit] German State

Title: Emperor (1917–1918)

[edit] Hohenzollern

Wilhelm II

Wilhelm II (October 1917 - 9 November 1918)

[edit] The October Revolution of 1917 era

(independent de facto)

Title: Chairman of the Soviet Executive Committee of Estonia (Eestimaa Nõukogude Täitevkomitee esimees) (1917–1918)

Jaan Anvelt (5 November (23 October) 1917 - 4 March 1918)

(independent de jure)

Title: Gouvernement Commissioner (Kubermangukomissar) (1917 - 1918)

Jaan Poska (28 November (15 November) 1917 - 24 February 1918)

[edit] Soviet Republic of Naissaar

Title: Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars (Rahvakomissaride Nõukogu esimees) (1917 - 1918)

Stepan Petrichenko (December 1917 - 26 February 1918)

[edit] Republic of Estonia

Title: Prime Minister of the Provisional Government of Estonia (Peaminister) (1918 - 1919)

Konstantin Päts (24 February 1918 - 9 May 1919)

Title: Prime Minister (Peaminister) (1919 - 1920)

Otto August Strandman (9 May - 18 November 1919)
Jaan Tõnisson (18 November 1919 - 28 July 1920)
Ado (Aadu) Birk (28 July - 30 July 1920)
Jaan Tõnisson (30 July - 26 October 1920)
Ants Piip (26 October - 20 December 1920)

Title: Head of State (Riigivanem) (1920 - 1934)

Ants Piip (20 December 1920-25 January 1921)
Konstantin Päts (25 January 1921-21 November 1922)
Juhan (Johann) Kukk (21 November 1922-2 August 1923)
Konstantin Päts (2 August 1923-26 March 1924)
Friedrich Karl Akel (26 March 1924-16 December 1924)
Jüri Jaakson (16 December 1924-15 December 1925)
Jaan Teemant (15 December 1925-9 December 1927)
Jaan Tõnisson (9 December 1927-4 December 1928)
August Rei (4 December 1928-9 July 1929)
Otto August Strandman (9 July 1929-12 February 1931)
Konstantin Päts (12 February 1931-19 February 1932)
Jaan Teemant (19 February 1932-19 July 1932)
Kaarel Eenpalu (19 July 1932-1 November 1932)
Konstantin Päts (1 November 1932-18 May 1933)
Jaan Tõnisson (18 May 1933-21 October 1933)
Konstantin Päts (21 October 1933-24 January 1934)

Title: Prime Minister acting Head of State (Peaminister Riigivanema ülesannetes) (1934 - 1937)

Konstantin Päts (24 January 1934 - 3 September 1937)

Title: President-Regent (Riigihoidja) (1937 - 1938)

Konstantin Päts (3 September 1937 - 24 April 1938)

Title: President of the Republic (1938 - 1940)

Konstantin Päts (24 April 1938 - 21 June 1940)
Johannes Vares (21 June – 21 July 1940 (Prime Minister acting as the President of Repuvblic, Soviet-installed collaborant)

Title: Prime Minister acting President (Peaminister Vabariigi Presidendi ülesandeis) (1940 - 1992)