List of rulers of Brandenburg
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This article lists Margraves and Electors of Brandenburg during the period of time that Brandenburg was a constituent state of the Holy Roman Empire.
The Mark, or March of Brandenburg was one of the primary constituent states of the Holy Roman Empire. It was created as the Margraviate of Brandenburg by Albert the Bear, Margrave of the Northern March. In 1356, by the terms of the Golden Bull of Charles IV, the Margrave of Brandenburg was given the permanent right to participate in the election of the Holy Roman Emperor with the title of Elector (German: Kurfürst).
The line of Margrave-Electors came to an end with the fall of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806. Brandenburg was then incorporated into the Kingdom of Prussia, an independent kingdom which the Electors had ruled since 1701.
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[edit] Margraves of Brandenburg
| Ascanian Dynasty | |||||
| Name | Reign | Comments | |||
| Albert I | 1157–1170 | Ruler of the Nordmark from 1134. Called "Albert the Bear". | |||
| Otto I | 1170–1184 | Son of Albert I. Ruled together with his father from 1144. | |||
| Otto II | 1184–1205 | Son of preceding. | |||
| Albert II | 1205–1220 | Brother. | |||
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Co-rulers, sons of Albert II. | |||
| From 1266 to 1319, Brandenburg was held by the two lines of Brandenburg-Stendal and Brandenburg-Salzwedel, all of whom jointly shared the title of Margrave. | |||||
| Brandenburg-Stendal | Brandenburg-Salzwedel | ||||
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Co-rulers, sons of John I:
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Co-rulers, sons of Otto III:
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Co-rulers:
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Co-rulers:
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| After the extinction of the Ascanian dynasty in 1320, Brandenburg came under the control of the Emperor Louis IV of the House of Wittelsbach, who granted Brandenburg to his eldest son, Louis V of Bavaria. | |||||
| Wittelsbach Dynasty | |||||
| Name | Reign | Comments | |||
| Louis I "the Brandenburger" | 1323–51 | Cousin of Henry II, Son of Emperor Louis IV. | |||
| Louis II "the Roman". | 1351–56 | Half-brother of preceding; named Elector in 1356. | |||
[edit] Electors of Brandenburg
| Wittelsbach Dynasty | |||
| Image | Name | Reign | Comments |
| Louis II "the Roman" | 1356–1365 | First Elector of Brandenburg. | |
| Otto V | 1365–1373 | Brother of preceding. Co-ruler of Brandenburg with his brother from 1351, but as a minor (b. 1346) took no part in administration until his brother's death. Abdicated 1373 but retained Electoral title. Died 1379. | |
| Luxemburg Dynasty | |||
| Image | Name | Reign | Comments |
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Wenceslaus | 1373–1378 | Emperor Charles IV forced the last Wittelsbach Elector to abdicate, and then installed his own son, Wenceslaus. As Wenceslaus was still a minor (b. 1361), the Emperor administered the margraviate for him. |
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Sigismund | 1378–1388 | Younger brother of Wenceslaus; took control of Brandenburg on his brother's ascension as King of Germany and Bohemia. Gave up Brandenburg to his uncle Jobst as security for a substantial loan. |
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Jobst of Moravia | 1388–1411 | Sigismund's first cousin, nephew of Charles IV. Elected as German King in 1410 in opposition to Sigismund, but died very shortly afterwards. |
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Sigismund | 1411–1415 | Following Jobst's death, Sigismund regained control of Brandenburg and was elected undisputed King of Germany. |
| Hohenzollern Dynasty | |||
| Image | Name | Reign | Comments |
| Frederick I | 1415–1440 | Originally Burgrave of Nuremberg. Appointed by King Sigismund in 1415 and enfeoffed in 1417. His eldest son John the Alchemist administered Brandenburg as Margrave from 1425 to 1437, but Frederick retained the Electorship. | |
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Frederick II | 1440–1470 | Son of Frederick I. Called "Irontooth" (German: Eisenzahn). Administered Brandenburg from 1437 and became Elector on his father's death in 1440. |
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Albert III Achilles | 1470–1486 | Brother. |
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John Cicero | 1486–1499 | Son. |
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Joachim I Nestor | 1499–1535 | Son. His younger brother, Albert was co-Margrave 1499-1513, but only Joachim was Elector. |
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Joachim II Hector | 1535–1571 | Son. |
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John George | 1571–1598 | Son. |
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Joachim Frederick | 1598–1608 | Son. |
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John Sigismund | 1608–1619 | Son. Duke of Prussia from 1618. |
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George William | 1619–1640 | Son. Ruled during the Thirty Years' War. Also Duke of Prussia. |
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Frederick William I | 1640–1688 | Son. Called "the Great Elector". Also Duke of Prussia. |
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Frederick III | 1688–1713 | Son. "King in Prussia" as Frederick I from 1701. |
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Frederick William II | 1713–1740 | Son. King in Prussia. Called "the Soldier-King". |
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Frederick IV | 1740–1786 | Son. King in Prussia as Frederick II to 1772; after annexations of Polish Prussian territory, "King of Prussia". Called "Frederick the Great". |
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Frederick William III | 1786–1797 | Nephew. Second king of Prussia. |
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Frederick William IV | 1797–1806 | Son. Last Elector of Brandenburg and third king of Prussia. The Holy Roman Empire was dissolved in 1806, after which Frederick William ruled as independent King of Prussia (including Brandenburg) to his death in 1840. |
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For further rulers of Brandenburg as part of Prussia, see List of rulers of Prussia.
[edit] Post-monarchy
After the defeat of Nazi Germany in the Second World War, Brandenburg, which had previously been merely a province of Prussia, re-emerged as a German Land.
[edit] Prime Minister of Brandenburg, 1945-1952
- Karl Steinhoff (SPD/SED) 1945 - 1949
- Rudolf Jahn (SED) 1949 - 1952
After being abolished in a reorganization of the territories administered by the German Democratic Republic (Communist East Germany), the Land Brandenburg was restored in the prelude to German unification in 1990.
[edit] Ministers President of Brandenburg, 1990-current
- Manfred Stolpe (SPD) 1990 - 2002:
- Matthias Platzeck (SPD) 2002-current
