List of rulers of Belarus
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Belarus |
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History of Belarusian states can be traced far to Principality of Polotsk. From 13th century it belonged to Grand Duchy of Lithuania, then to Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. In 19th century Belarus together with Lithuania formed the Northwestern Krai of Russian Empire. At the beginning of the 20th century there was a short-lived Belarusian National Republic, and in 1922 Belarus became part of the USSR as Belarusian SSR. In 1991, Belarus regained its independence.
[edit] Dukes of Principality of Polotsk
- Ragvalod of Polotsk (? - 980)
- Vladimir I of Kiev (980 - 1015)
- Brastislav of Polotsk (1001 - 1044)
- Vseslav of Polotsk (1044 - 1101)
- Boris I of Polotsk (1101 - 1106)
- David of Polotsk (1106 - 1127)
- Boris I of Polotsk (1127 - 1128)
- Sviatopolk of Kiev (1128 - 1132)
- Vasil of Polotsk (1132 - 1144)
- Rogneda Borisovich (1144 - 1151)
- Rostislav of Minsk (1151 - 1159)
- Rogneda Borisovich (1159 - 1162)
- Vseslav Vasilkovich (1162 - 1167)
- Volodar of Minsk (1167 - ?)
- Mingayl (Mingaila) (? – 1192)
- Ginwill (1192 – 1199)
- Boris II of Polotsk (1199 – 12??)
- Gleb of Polotsk (12?? - 12??)
- Iziaslav of Polotsk (12?? – 1281)
- Daumantas (1281 – 1285)
- Vainius (1315 – 13??)
- Narimont (Narimantas) (13?? - 13??)
- Lubart (Liubartas) (13?? – 1342)
- Wigund (Andrius; son of Olgierd) (1342 – 1387)
- Skirgiello (Skirgaila) (1387 - 1397)
[edit] Grand Dukes of Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Title: Grand Duke ("Вялікі князь" in Belarusian, "Wielki książę" in Polish, "Kunigaikštis" or "Didysis Kunigaikštis" in Lithuanian)
- Mindaugas (Mindoŭh, Mindowh) 1236 - 1263
- Treniota (Traniata, Troniata) 1263 – 1264
- Vaišvilkas (Vojszalak, Vojšalk, Vaišelga, Vaishyalga, Vaišalgas, Woyszwiłk) 1264 - 1267
- Svarn (Shvarno, Švarnas, Ioann) 1267 – 1269
- Traidenis (Trajdzien) 1269 – 1282
- Daumantas (Daŭmont, Dowmont) 1281 – 1285
- Budzikid (Butigeidis) 1285 – ca. 1291
- Butvydas (Putuver, Pukuwer) ca. 1291 – ca. 1295
- Vytenis (Witenes) 1295 – 1316
- Gediminas (Giedymin, Hedymin) 1316 – 1341
- Jaunutis (Jaŭnut, Jewnut, Jawnut) 1341 – 1345
- Algirdas (Olgierd, Alherd) 1345 – 1377
- Jogaila (Władysław II Jagiełło) 1377 – 1381, 1382 – 1392, also crowned as the Polish King
- Kęstutis (Kiejstut, Kejstut) 1381 – 1382
- Vytautas the Great (Vitaūt, Witold, Vitawt) 1392 – 1430
- Švitrigaila (Swidrygiello, Śvidryhajla) 1430 – 1432
- Zygimantas Kestutaitis (Žyhimont I Kejstutavicz, Sigismund Kestutian, Žygimantas I Kęstutaitis, Zygimont Kejstutavicz) September 1, 1432 – 1440
- Kazimir Jahelonczyk (Kazimierz IV Jagiellończyk, Kazimieras I Jogailaitis) 1440 – 1492 also crowned as the Polish King
- Alexander (Alaksandr, Aleksander Jagiellończyk, Aleksandras I) 1492 – 1506 also crowned as the Polish King
- Sigismund I the Old (Žyhimont II Stary, Zygmunt I Stary, Žygimantas II Senasis) 1505 – 1548 also crowned as the Polish King
- Sigismund II Augustus (Žyhimont III Aŭhust, Zygmunt II August, Žygimantas III Augustas) 1545 – 1572 also crowned as the Polish King
[edit] Elected kings of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
- Henri Valois (1572 - 1573)
- Stefan Batory (1576 - 1586)
- Sigismund III Vasa (1587 - 1632)
- Ladislaus IV of Poland (1632 - 1648)
- John II of Poland (1648 - 1668)
- Michael Korybut Wisniowiecki (1672 - 1673)
- John III of Poland (1675 - 1696)
- August II of Poland (1697 - 1704)
- Stanislaw Leszczynski (1704 - 1709)
- August II of Poland (1704 - 1733)
- Stanislaw Leszczynski (1733)
- August III of Poland (1733 - 1763)
- Stanislaw August Poniatowski (1764 - 1795)
[edit] General-Governors of Northwestern Krai of the Russian Empire
[edit] Leaders of Belarus since 1918
[edit] Belarusian National Republic (1918-1920)
[edit] Chairmen of the Rada
- Ivan Mikitavich Syerada (9 March - May 1918)
- Pavel Pawlavich Alyaksyuk (May - June 1918)
- Yazep Yur'evich Lyosik (June - 10 December 1918)
[edit] Chairman of the Provisional Revolutionary Workers-and-Peasants' Soviet Government
- Dzmitry Fyodorovich Zhylunovich (1 January - 4 February 1919)
[edit] Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee
- Aleksandr Fyodorovich Myasnikov (4 February - 27 February 1919)
- Pyotr Antonavich Krechewski (13 December 1919 - November 1920) (Chairman of Government)
- Ivan Mikitavich Syerada (December 1919 - July 1920) (Rival Government)
[edit] Belarusian National Republic in Exile (1920-1992)
[edit] Presidents
(In Vilnius to 1925, then in Prague, presently in Canada)
- Pyotr Antonavich Krechewski (November 1920 - 8 March 1928)
- Vasil Ivanavich Zakharka (8 March 1928 - 6 March 1943)
- Mikalay Syamyonavich Abramchyk (6 March 1943 - 29 May 1970)
- Vikentsiy Zhuk-Hryshkyevich (May 1970 - November 1982)
- Jazep Sazhych (November 1982 - 1997)
- Barys Ragula (1997) (acting)
- Ivonka J. Symaniec-Survilla (1997 - Present)
[edit] Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1920-1991)
[edit] First secretaries of the Byelorussian Communist Party
- Vilgelm Gregoryevich Knorinsh (9 August 1920 - 1923) (1st time)
- Aleksandr Nikolayevich Osatkin-Vladimirsky (1923 - 1924)
- Aleksandr Ivanovich Krinitsky (13 May 1924 - 22 December 1925)
- Nikolay Matveyevich Goloded (22 December 1925 - 7 May 1927)
- Vilgelm Gregoryevich Knorinsh (7 May 1927 - 4 December 1928) (2nd time)
- Yan Borisovich Gamarnik (4 December 1928 - 3 January 1930)
- Konstantin Venyaminovich Gey (3 January 1930 - 18 January 1932)
- Nikolay Fyodorovich Gikalo (18 January 1932 - 18 March 1937)
- Vasily Fomich Sharangovich (18 March - 17 July 1937)
- Yakov Arkadyevich Yakovlev (27 July - 8 August 1937 (acting)
- Aleksey Alekseyevich Volkov (11 August 1937 - 18 June 1938)
- Panteleimon Kondratyevich Ponomarenko (18 June 1938 - 7 March 1947) (in exile in Russian SFSR since June 1941 until 1944)
- Nikolay Ivanovich Gusarov (7 March 1947 - 31 May 1950)
- Nikolay Semyonovich Patolichev (31 May 1950 - 8 March 1953) (1st time)
- Mikhail Vasilyevich Zimyanin (8 March - 25 June 1953)
- Nikolay Semyonovich Patolichev (25 June 1953 - 28 July 1956) (2nd time)
- Kirill Trofimovich Mazurov (28 July 1956 -30 March 1965)
- Pyotr Mironovich Masherov (30 March 1965 - 4 September 1980)
- Tikhon Yakovlevich Kiselyov (15 October 1980 - 11 January 1983)
- Nikolay Nikitich Slyunkov (13 January 1983 - 6 February 1987)
- Yefrem Yevseyevich Sokolov (6 February 1987 - 30 November 1990)
- Anatoly Aleksandrovich Malofeyev (30 November 1990 - August 1991)
[edit] Republic of Belarus (1991-Present)
[edit] Chairmen of the Supreme Soviet
- Nikolay Ivanovich Dementyey (18 May - 25 August 1990)
- Stanislav Stanislavovich Shushkyevich (25 August 1990 - 26 January 1994) (acting to 18 September 1991)
- Vyacheslav Nikolayevich Kuznyetsov (26 January - 28 January 1994) (acting)
- Myechyslaw Ivanavich Hryb (28 January - 20 July 1994)
[edit] President
- Alexander Lukashenko (20 July 1994 - Present)
[edit] Latest election
Candidates - Parties | Votes | % |
---|---|---|
Alexander Lukashenko | 82.6 | |
Alexander Milinkievič - United Democratic Forces of Belarus | 6.0 | |
Sergei Gaidukevich - Liberal Democratic Party of Belarus | 3.5 | |
Alaksandar Kazulin: Belarusian Social Democratic Party | 2.3 | |
Total (turnout 92.6 %) | ||
Source: "Landslide win for Belarus leader", BBC News, 2006-03-20. |
[edit] References
- Rulers of Belarus. worldstatesmen.org. Retrieved on 2006-03-21.