List of protected areas in Tanzania
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Protected areas in Tanzania are extremely varied, ranging from sea habitats over grasslands to the top of the Kilimanjaro, the tallest mountain in Africa. About 1/3 of the country's total area is protected to a certain degree as National Park, "Game Reserve", Marine Park, Forest Reserve, etc. This list gives an overview on the various protected areas in Tanzania including their predominant habitat, wildlife and flora. Especially remarkable species (endemics or those occurring in unusually large numbers) are set in bold.
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[edit] National Parks
The 16 National Parks together comprise an area of more than 42,000 km². Names like Arusha and Serengeti are well known, partly due to films on African wildlife.
| National Park | Habitat | Flora/Fauna | Comments | Picture |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arusha National Park established[1]: 1960 renamed[2]: 1967 enlarged: 1973 area: 137 km² |
dense forest, swamp, grassland, lakes, alpine highland, rocks 1,525 - 4,565 m |
giraffe, buffalo, elephant, zebra, dik-dik, hippopotamus, waterbuck, warthog, leopard, eland, Spotted Hyena, klipspringer, baboon, Blue Monkey, Black-and-white colobus; Greater Flamingo, Lesser Flamingo, Sacred Ibis, Maccoa Duck, Egyptian Goose, turaco, Narina Trogon, Broadbill; Red-hot Poker, Spanish moss, Giant Lobelia | 400 bird species |  |
| Gombe Stream National Park established[3]: 1943 gazetted[4]: 1968 area: 52 km² |
miombo woodland, gallery forest 750 - 1,500 m |
chimpanzee, olive baboon, Red-tailed Monkey, Red colobus, Diademed Monkey, leopard, bushbuck, buffalo, waterbuck; barbet, Palm-nut Vulture, Forbes' Plover, Fish Eagle, Peters's Twinspot | Jane Goodall worked here | |
| Jozani Chwaka Bay National Park established[5]: 1940s gazetted[4]: 2004 area: 50 km² |
swamp forest, mangrove, sea grass bed, salt marsh | Zanzibar Red Colobus, Ader's Duiker | ||
| Katavi National Park established[3]: 1951 gazetted[4]: 1974 area: 4,471 km² |
miombo woodland, river, lakes, floodplain 900 m |
eland, sable antelope, roan antelope, hippopotamus, crocodile, lion, leopard, elephant, zebra, buffalo, topi; pelican, waterfowl | more than 400 bird species | |
| Kilimanjaro National Park established: 1910s[3], 1921[6] gazetted: 1973[4] world heritage: 1987 area: 753 km² |
montane forest, moorland, alpine desert 1830 - 5895 m |
Abbott's Duiker, Grey Duiker, Red Duiker, Bushbuck, Eland, Elephant, Leopard, Buffalo, small Antelope, Blue Monkey, Black-and-white colobus, Galago crassicaudatus, Kilimanjaro Tree Hyrax; Abbot's Starling, Raven; Papilio sjoestedti; Giant Lobelia, moss, lichen |  |
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| Kitulo Plateau gazetted[4]: 2002 area: 412.9 km² |
montane grassland at 2,600 m | Red-hot Poker, Aloe, Protea, Geranium, Giant Lobelia, Lilies, Asters; Denham's bustard, Blue Swallow, Mountain Marsh Widow, Cisticola njombe, Kipengere Seedeater, Mountain Reedbuck, Eland; Chameleon, Lizards, Frogs | 350 species of vascular plants among which 45 varieties of terrestrial orchid, many bird species | |
| Mahale Mountains National Park gazetted[4]: 14th June 1985 area: 1,613 km² |
miombo forest, Kasoge (lowland) forest, montane rainforest 773 - 2,460 m |
chimpanzee, Red colobus, Red-tailed monkey, Blue monkey, giant squirrel, Red-legged Sun squirrel, Brush-tailed porcupine, Bushy-tailed Mongoose, Angolan black-and-white Colobus, Sharpe's Grysbok; Red-collared Widowbird, Speckled Mousebird, Crowned Eagle, Bee-eater, Roller, Crested Guineafowl, Ross' Turaco, White-browed Robin-Chat, Red-winged Starling, Violet-backed Starling, parrots | savanna and forest adapted species, 90% of 193 fish species in the lake are endemic | |
| Lake Manyara National Park established[3]: 1957 established[4]: 1960 area: 325 km² |
lake (2/3), forest, grassland 960 - 1478 m |
elephant, buffalo, lion, Black Rhinoceros, Hippopotamus, Impala, Giraffe, Zebra, wildebeest, bushbuck, leopard, baboon; Lesser Flamingo, Greater Flamingo, White Pelican, Yellow-billed Stork, White-breasted Cormorant, Palm-nut Vulture, Ayres' Hawk-eagle, Nile monitor, cobra | greatest biomass density in the world; tree-climbing lions |  |
| Mount Meru National Park established[4]: ??? |
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| Mikumi National Park established: 1964 extended: 1975 area: 3,230 km² |
floodplain, grassland, wooded savanna, miombo covered hills 550 - 1,257 m |
eland, Greater kudu, Yellow Baboon, Vervet Monkey, Serval, sable antelope, hippopotamus, zebra, lion, wildebeest, impala, buffalo, giraffe, elephant; Lilac-breasted roller, Yellow-throated longclaw, Bateleur Eagle, waterbirds | more than 400 bird species | |
| Ruaha National Park established[3]: 1910 gazetted[4]: 1964 area: 10,300 km² |
miombo woodland, savanna 750-1,830 m |
elephant; hornbill, kingfisher, sunbird, white stork; African Wild Dog, Sable Antelope, Greater Kudu; Crested Barbet, Yellow-collared Lovebird | more than 400 bird species, high diversity of antelope |  |
| Rubondo Island National Park established[4]: 1977 area: 240 km² |
humid forest, lakeside papyrus beds, open grassland 1,134 - 1,381 m |
Yellow-spotted otters, Nile perch, Fish eagle, hippopotamus, vervet monkey, genet, mongoose, bushbuck, sitatunga, birds (African grey parrot, Malachite kingfisher, Paradise flycatcher, herons, storks, spoonbills | ||
| Saadani National Park established[3]: 1969 gazetted[4]: 2002 area: 1,062 km² |
coast, river, forest, savanna | Giraffe, buffalo, warthog, Waterbuck, reedbuck, hartebeest, wildebeest, Red Duiker, Greater Kudu, Eland, Sable Antelope, Yellow Baboon, Vervet Monkey, Elephant, Lion, Leopard, Spotted Hyena, Black-backed Jackal, Hippopotamus, Crocodile; Mangrove Kingfisher, Lesser Flamingo; Green turtle; mangrove | only sanctuary bordering the sea | |
| Serengeti National Park established[3]: 1929 gazetted[4]: 1951 world heritage: 1981 area: 14,763 km² |
grassland plains, savanna, riverine forest, woodland; 920 - 1,850 m |
wildebeest, zebra, lion, leopard, elephant, rhinoceros, buffalo, cheetah, gazelle, giraffe, Spotted Hyena, jackal, aardwolf, serval, Agama lizard, Rock hyrax, Secretary Bird, Ostrich, Black eagle | most visited park in Tanzania; famous for massive migration of ungulates; more than 500 bird species |  |
| Tarangire National Park established: 1970 [4] area: 2,850 km² |
grassland, savanna; 1,000 - 1,500 m |
Oryx, Gerenuk, Elephant, Baobab, Lesser Kudu, Wild Dog, Lion Kori Bustard, Ground hornbill, Ostrich, Yellow-collared Lovebird, Rufous-tailed Weaver, Ashy Starling, Dwarf Mongoose, Red-and-yellow Barbet | 550 bird varieties; largest concentration of wildlife after Serengeti |  |
| Udzungwa Mountains National Park established[4]: 1994 area: 1,990 km² |
tropical rainforest, mountain forest, miombo woodland, grassland, steppe 250 - 2,600 m |
Rufous-winged Sunbird, Udzungwa Partridge; Sanje crested Mangabey. Iringa red colobus, Rungwecerbus kipunji, Matundu dwarf Galago, Mountain dwarf Galago; reptiles and amphibians; Hyrax, Squirrel; also big mammals | more than 400 bird species, 2500 plant species; many endemics (25 % of plant species, 5 primates); second largest biodiversity in Africa |
[edit] Other protected areas
| Name | Habitat | Flora/Fauna | Comments | Picture |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mafia Island Marine Park established[7]: 1st July 1995 area: 882 km² |
coral reefs, sea grass beds, mangroves, inter-tidal flats, coastal forest | Dugong, Gold-striped Fusilier, Cigar Wrasse, Queen coris, Goldbar wrasse, Grouper, Barracuda, Rainbow Runner, Blackspotted ribbontail ray, Bluespotted ribbontail ray, Eagle ray, Manta Ray, Yellowfin tuna, Kingfish, Mackerel, Bonito, Cobia, Reef Shark; Green Turtle, Hawksbill Turtle, Comores Lesser Flying Fox, Duiker, Bush Pig, Mongoose, Elephant Shrew | ||
| Mnazi Bay-Ruvumba Estuary Marine Park established: 1st July 2000 area: 650 km² |
mangroves, sand dunes, sea, coastal forest, river | coral, whale, dolphin, crocodile, hippopotamus, terrapin | more than 400 fish species |  |
| Ngorongoro Conservation Area established: 1959 world heritage: 1979 area: 8,288 km² |
grassland, lakes, swamp, woodland, heath, dense montane forest 1,500 - 3,648 m |
wildebeest, zebra, gazelles, Black rhinoceros, lion, hartebeest, Spotted Hyena, hippopotamus, buffalo, elephant, Mountain Reedbuck, leopard, serval; ostrich, Kori Bustard; Papilio sjoestedti | many archeological and paleontological sites: Olduvai Gorge, Laetoli, Lake Ndutu |  |
| Selous Game Reserve established[8]: 1922 world heritage: 1982 area: 44,800 km² |
miombo woodland, open wooded grassland, riverine swamps 80 - 1,300 m |
African Wild Dog, Elephant, Cheetah, Giraffe, Hippopotamus, Buffalo, Crocodile, White Rhinoceros, | largest game reserve in Africa; 350 bird species | |
| Uwanda Game Reserve established: 1971 area: 5,000 km² |
floodplain, grassland, woodland 1,200 m |
puku, zebra, topi, buffalo, elephant |
[edit] See also
[edit] Footnotes
- ^ as Ngurdoto Crater National Park
- ^ combined with Momela Lakes
- ^ a b c d e f g as game reserve
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n as national park
- ^ as Jozani Forest Reserve
- ^ as forest reserve
- ^ as marine park
- ^ as game sanctuary
[edit] Sources
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