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Various placoderm species, including the famous
Dunkleosteus
This list of placoderms is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera from the fossil record that have ever been considered to be members of the class placodermi. This list excludes purely vernacular terms. It includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera that are now considered invalid, doubtful (nomina dubia), or were not formally published (nomina nuda), as well as junior synonyms of more established names, and genera that are no longer considered placoderms.
This list includes 311 generic names.
[edit] Naming conventions and terminology
Naming conventions and terminology follow the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Technical terms used include:
- Junior synonym: A name which describes the same taxon as a previously published name. If two or more genera are formally designated and the type specimens are later assigned to the same genus, the first to be published (in chronological order) is the senior synonym, and all other instances are junior synonyms. Senior synonyms are generally used, except by special decision of the ICZN, but junior synonyms cannot be used again, even if deprecated. Junior synonymy is often subjective, unless the genera described were both based on the same type specimen.
- Nomen nudum (Latin for "naked name"): A name that has appeared in print but has not yet been formally published by the standards of the ICZN. Nomina nuda (the plural form) are invalid, and are therefore not italicized as a proper generic name would be. If the name is later formally published, that name is no longer a nomen nudum and will be italicized on this list. Often, the formally published name will differ from any nomina nuda that describe the same specimen.
- Nomen oblitum (Latin for "forgotten name"): A name that has not been used in the scientific community for more than fifty years after its original proposal.
- Preoccupied name: A name that is formally published, but which has already been used for another taxon. This second use is invalid (as are all subsequent uses) and the name must be replaced. As preoccupied names are not valid generic names, they will also go unitalicized on this list.
- Nomen dubium (Latin for "dubious name"): A name describing a fossil with no unique diagnostic features. As this can be an extremely subjective and controversial designation, this term is not used on this list.
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- †Arenipiscis
- †Asiacanthus[1]
- †Aspidichthys
- †Asterosteus
- †Atlantidosteus
- †Australoptyctodus[1]
- †Austrophyllolepis[1]
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- †Baringaspis[1]
- †Batteraspis[1]
- †Belemnacanthus
- †Belgiosteus[1]
- †Belosteus
- †Bimbianga[2]
- †Boliosteus
- †Bolivosteus
- †Bollandaspis[1]
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- †Brontichthys[1]
- †Bruntonichthys
- †Bryantaspis[1]
- †Bryantolepis[1]
- †Buchanosteus
- †Bullerichthys
- †Bungartius
- †Burrinijucosteus
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- †Coelosteichthys[1]
- †Companognathus
- †Cosmacanthus
- †Ctenurella
- †Cyrtosteus
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- †Deinodus[1]
- †Deirosteus
- †Denisonodus
- †Desmoporella
- †Destnoporella[1]
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- †Eastmanosteus
- †Eczematolepis
- †Eldenosteus
- †Elegantaspis[1]
- †Ellopetalichthys
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- †Enseosteus
- †Epipetalichthys
- †Errolosteus
- †Erromenosteus
- †Eskimaspis
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- †Euleptaspis[1]
- †Euryaspidichthys[1]
- †Euraspis[1]
- †Eurycaraspis
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- †Goniosteus
- †Goodradigbeeon
- †Gorgonichthys
- †Grazosteus
- †Groenlandaspis
- †Grossaspis
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- †Grossilepis[6]
- †Grossosteus[1]
- †Gymnotrachelus
- †Gyracanthus[1]
- †Gyroplacosteus
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- †Janiosteus[5]
- †Jerulalepis[1]
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- †Jiangxilepus
- †Jiuchangia[1]
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- †Kendrichthys
- †Kiangyousteus
- †Kiangyosteus[1]
- †Kimaspis
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- †Lataspis[1]
- †Latocamurus
- †Laurentaspis
- †Lepadolepis
- †Lehmanosteus[1]
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- †Leptosteus
- †Liognathus[1]
- †Lispognathus[1]
- †Litilpetalichthyes
- †Liujiangolepis
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- †Mcnamaraspis
- †Mediaspis[1]
- †Megaloplax
- †Melanosteus
- †Microsteus
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- †Millerosteus[1]
- †Monaspis[1]
- †Murmur
- †Murrindalaspis
- †Mylostoma
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- †Oestophorus
- †Ohioaspis
- †Omalosteus[9]
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- †Operchaliosteus
- †Operchallosteus[1]
- †Oracanthus[1]
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- †Ottanosteus[1]
- †Overtonaspis
- †Oxyosteus
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- †Pachyosteus
- †Pageauaspis[1]
- †Palaeacanthaspis
- †Palaeomylus
- †Panxiosteus
- †Parabelosteus
- †Parabuchanosteus
- †Paramylostoma
- †Parapetalichthys[1]
- †Paraplesiobatis
- †Paraptyctodus[1]
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- †Platyaspis
- †Plourdosteus
- †Ponerichthys[1]
- †Prescottaspis
- †Proaethaspis[1]
- †Procondylolepis[10]
- †Prosphymaspis[1]
- †Protitanicbthys[1]
- †Pseudopetalichthys
- †Ptyctodopsis
- †Ptyctodus
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- †Qataraspis
- †Quasipetalichthys
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- †Rhampodus[1]
- †Rhenonema
- †Rhinosteus
- †Rhynchodontus[1]
- †Rhynchodus
- †Rhynchognathis[1]
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- †Sedowichthys[1]
- †Selenosteus
- †Shearsbyaspis
- †Sigaspis[1]
- †Simblaspis[1]
- †Simosteus[1]
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- †Steurtzaspis[1]
- †Stuertzaspis
- †Svalbardaspis[1]
- †Synauchenia
- †Szeaspis[1]
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- †Taemasosteus
- †Taeniolepis
- †Tafilalichthys
- †Tapinosteus
- †Taunaspis
- †Tiaraspis
- †Tieraspis[1]
- †Timanosteus
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- †Torosteus
- †Trachosteus
- †Trematosteus
- †Trionyx[1]
- †Tropidosteus
- †Tubalepis[11]
- †Tubonasus
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- †Walterosteus[1]
- †Weejasperaspis
- †Westralichthys[5]
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- †Wheathillaspis
- †Wijdeaspis
- †Wijeaspis[1]
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- †Williamsaspis
- †Woodwardosteus[1]
- †Wuttagoonaspis[1]
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- †Yinosteus
- †Yunnanocanthus[1]
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[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do Haraamo, Mikko (2005-11-15). Mikko's Phylogeny Archive entries on "†Acanthothoraci" "†Actinolepidae" "†Antiarcha" "†Arthrodira" "†Coccosteoidea" "†Coccosteina" "†Dinichthyloidea" "†Groelandaspididae" "†Holonematidae" "†Macropetalichthyidae" "†Phlyctaeniidae" †Phyllolepida "†Placodermi" "†Ptyctodontidae" "†Rhenanida". Retrieved on 2008-01-13.
- ^ Young, Gavin C. (2005). "Early Devonian arthrodire remains (Placodermi, ?Holonematidae) from the Burrinjuck area, New South Wales, Australia". Geodiversitas 27 (2): p.201.
- ^ Denison, Robert H. (1941). "The soft anatomy of Bothriolepis". Journal of Paleontology 15 (5): pp. 553–561.
- ^ Dupret, Vincent; M. Zhu (2007-11-30). "Early Devonian arthrodire remains (Placodermi, ?Holonematidae) from the Burrinjuck area, New South Wales, Australia". Geological Magazine.
- ^ a b c Carr, Robert K.; William J. Hlavin (2005-04-28). "Dinichthyidae (Placodermi):A paleontological fiction?". Geobios 28 (2): pp. 85–87. doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(95)80092-1.
- ^ Luksevics, Erwin (2001). "Bothriolepid antiarchs (Vertebrata, Placodermi) from the Devonian of the north-western part of the East European Platform". Geodiversitas 23 (4): p.489.
- ^ a b Janvier, Phillippe (August-October, 1997). "The Devonian vertebrates (Placodermi, Sarcopterygii) from Central Vietnam and their bearing on the Devonian palaeogeography of Southeast Asia". Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 15 (4-5): p.393–406. doi:10.1016/S0743-9547(97)00020-2.
- ^ Long, J. A.; Trinajstic, K.; Young, G. C.; Senden, T. (2008). "Live birth in the Devonian period". Nature 453 (7195): 650–652. doi:10.1038/nature06966.
- ^ Zakharenko, G. V. (2007-11-20). "A new pachyosteomorph arthrodire (Pisces: Placodermi) from the Upper Frasnian of the Central Devonian Field, Russia". Paleontological Journal 41 (6): p.642. doi:10.1134/S0031030107060081.
- ^ a b Jiang, Pan; D. L. Dineley (Oct. 22, 1988). "A Review of Early (Silurian and Devonian) Vertebrate Biogeography and Biostratigraphy of China". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 235 (1278): pp.29–61.
- ^ Panteleyev, N. V. (2001). "Tubalepis gen. nov. (Placodermi, Antiarchi) from the Upper Devonian of the Minusa Depression". Paleontological Journal ? (?): p.???.
Uncited genera can be attributed to:
[edit] External links
