List of moons

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Selected moons, with the Earth to scale. Nineteen moons are large enough to be round, and one, Titan, has a substantial atmosphere.
Selected moons, with the Earth to scale. Nineteen moons are large enough to be round, and one, Titan, has a substantial atmosphere.
The number of moons discovered in each year
The number of moons discovered in each year

This is a list of moons known to humans, also known as natural satellites, that are within the Solar System. They are grouped into sections based on their primary, the planet or dwarf planet around which they orbit. Satellites large enough for their gravity to have given them a near-spherical or ellipsoidal shape have their names in bold.

The earliest discovery of a moon other than our own was by Galileo Galilei, who discovered the four Galilean moons in 1610. Over the following three centuries only a few more moons were discovered. Missions to other planets in the 1970s, most notably the Voyager 1 and 2 missions, saw a surge in the number of moons detected. In recent years many more new moons have been discovered, mostly by large ground-based optical telescopes. See Timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their moons for more information. The list below contains all moons discovered prior to 2008.

Various asteroids are binary asteroids or have satellites orbiting them. These are not listed here; see List of asteroid moons.

Contents

[edit] Mercury

Mercury, the innermost planet, has no moons larger than 1.6 km.[1] Note that for a brief time in 1974, Mercury was thought to have a moon; see Mercury's moon.

[edit] Venus

Venus has no moons.[2]

[edit] Earth

Earth has one natural satellite, the Moon. It also has at least two co-orbital satellites: the asteroids 3753 Cruithne and 2002 AA29[3]; however these do not count as moons as they do not orbit Earth.

Image Numeral Name Mean radius (km) Semi-major axis (km) Sidereal period (d) Discovery date Discovered by Notes Ref(s)
— Moon 1,737.10 384,399 27.321582 Prehistoric — Synchronous rotation [4]

[edit] Mars

Main article: Moons of Mars

Mars has two known satellites, Phobos and Deimos. Searches for more satellites have been unsuccessful, putting the maximum size of any other satellites at 0.9 km.[5]

Image Numeral Name Mean radius (km) Semi-major axis (km) Sidereal period (d) Discovery date Discovered by Notes Ref(s)
— Phobos 11.1 ± 0.15 9,380 0.319 18 August 1877 Hall [6][7][8]
— Deimos 6.2 ± 0.18 23,460 1.262 12 August 1877 Hall [6][7][8]

[edit] Ceres

Ceres has no known moons. It is 90 percent certain that Ceres has no moons larger than 1 km in size, assuming that they would have the same albedo as Ceres has.[9]

[edit] Jupiter

Main article: Moons of Jupiter

Jupiter has 63 known moons. They are organized into two categories: regular and irregular. The former are grouped into the Galilean moons and the Amalthea group. The irregular moons are again organized into two categories: prograde and retrograde. The prograde satellites consist of the Himalia group, with two isolated in space. The retrograde moons are grouped into the Carme, Anake and Pasiphaë groups, as well as some isolated moons.

Image Numeral Name Mean radius (km) Semi-major axis (km) Sidereal period (d) Discovery date Discovered by Notes Ref(s)
I Io 1,818.1 ± 0.1 421,800 +1.769 1610 Galileo Main group moon (Galilean) [10][8]
II Europa 1,560.7 ± 0.7 671,100 +3.551 1610 Galileo Main group moon (Galilean) [10][8]
III Ganymede 2,634.1 ± 0.3 1,070,400 +7.155 1610 Galileo Main group moon (Galilean) [10][8]
IV Callisto 2,408.4 ± 0.3 1,882,700 +16.69 1610 Galileo Main group moon (Galilean) [10][8]
V Amalthea 83.45 ± 2.4 181,400 +0.498 1892 Barnard Inner moon (Amalthea) [7][8][11]
VI Himalia 85 11,461,000 +250.56 1904 Perrine Prograde irregular (Himalia) [7][8][12]
VII Elara 43 11,741,000 +259.64 1905 Perrine Prograde irregular (Himalia) [7][8][13]
VIII Pasiphaë 30 23,624,000 –743.63 1908 Melotte Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [7][8][14]
IX Sinope 19 23,939,000 –758.90 1914 Nicholson Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [7][8][15]
X Lysithea 18 11,717,000 +259.20 1938 Nicholson Prograde irregular (Himalia) [7][8][16]
XI Carme 23 23,404,000 –734.17 1938 Nicholson Retrograde irregular (Carme) [7][8][16]
XII Ananke 14 21,276,000 –629.77 1951 Nicholson Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [7][8][17]
XIII Leda 10 11,165,000 +240.92 1974 Kowal Prograde irregular (Himalia) [7][8][18]
XIV Thebe 49.3 ± 2.0 221,900 +0.675 1980 Synnott (Voyager 1) Inner moon (Amalthea) [7][8][19]
XV Adrastea 8.2 ± 2.0 129,000 +0.298 1979 Jewitt, Danielson (Voyager 1) Inner moon (Amalthea) [7][8][20]
XVI Metis 21.5 ± 2.0 128,000 +0.295 1979 Synnott (Voyager 1) Inner moon (Amalthea) [7][8][21]
XVII Callirrhoe 4.3 24,103,000 –758.77 2000 Scotti, Spahr, McMillan, Larsen, Montani, Gleason, Gehrels Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [7][8][22]
XVIII Themisto 4.0 7,284,000 +130.02 1975/2000 Kowal and Roemer (original); Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier (rediscovery) Prograde irregular [7][8][23][24]
XIX Megaclite 2.7 23,493,000 –752.86 2001 Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [7][8][25]
XX Taygete 2.5 23,280,000 –732.41 2001 Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans Retrograde irregular (Carme) [7][8][25]
XXI Chaldene 1.9 23,100,000 –723.72 2001 Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans Retrograde irregular (Carme) [7][8][25]
XXII Harpalyke 2.2 20,858,000 –623.32 2001 Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [7][8][25]
XXIII Kalyke 2.6 23,483,000 –742.06 2001 Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans Retrograde irregular (Carme) [7][8][25]
XXIV Iocaste 2.6 21,060,000 –631.60 2001 Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [7][8][25]
XXV Erinome 1.6 23,196,000 –728.46 2001 Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans Retrograde irregular (Carme) [7][8][25]
XXVI Isonoe 1.9 23,155,000 –726.23 2001 Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans Retrograde irregular (Carme) [7][8][25]
XXVII Praxidike 3.4 20,908,000 –625.39 2001 Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [7][8][25]
XXVIII Autonoe 2.0 24,046,000 –760.95 2002 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [7][8][26]
XXIX Thyone 2.0 20,939,000 –627.21 2002 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [7][8][26]
XXX Hermippe 2.0 21,131,000 –633.90 2002 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Ananke?) [7][8][26]
XXXI Aitne 1.5 23,229,000 –730.18 2002 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Carme) [7][8][26]
XXXII Eurydome 1.5 22,865,000 –717.33 2002 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae?) [7][8][26]
XXXIII Euanthe 1.5 20,797,000 –620.49 2002 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [7][8][26]
XXXIV Euporie 1.0 19,304,000 –550.74 2002 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [7][8][26]
XXXV Orthosie 1.0 20,720,000 –622.56 2002 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [7][8][26]
XXXVI Sponde 1.0 23,487,000 –748.34 2002 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [7][8][26]
XXXVII Kale 1.0 23,217,000 –729.47 2002 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Carme) [7][8][26]
XXXVIII Pasithee 1.0 23,004,000 –719.44 2002 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Carme) [7][8][26]
XXXIX Hegemone 1.5 23,577,000 –739.88 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [7][8]
XL Mneme 1.0 21,035,000 –620.04 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [7][8]
XLI Aoede 2.0 23,980,000 –761.50 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [7][8]
XLII Thelxinoe 1.0 21,164,000 –628.09 2004 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [7][8]
XLIII Arche 1.5 23,355,000 –731.95 2002 Sheppard, Meech, Hsieh, Tholen, Tonry Retrograde irregular (Carme) [7][8][26]
XLIV Kallichore 1.0 23,288,000 –728.73 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández Retrograde irregular (Carme?) [7][8]
XLV Helike 2.0 21,069,000 –626.32 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [7][8]
XLVI Carpo 1.5 17,058,000 +456.30 2003 Sheppard, Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen, Jewitt, Kleyna Prograde irregular [7][8]
XLVII Eukelade 2.0 23,328,000 –730.47 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh Retrograde irregular (Carme) [7][8]
XLVIII Cyllene 1.0 23,809,000 –752.00 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [7][8]
XLIX Kore 1.0 24,543,000 –779.17 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [7][8]
— S/2000 J 11 2.0 12 555 000 +287 2000 Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans Prograde irregular [27][28]
— S/2003 J 2 1.0 28,455,000 –981.55 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh Retrograde irregular [7][8]
— S/2003 J 3 1.0 20,224,000 –583.88 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [7][8]
— S/2003 J 4 1.0 23,933,000 –755.26 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [7][8]
— S/2003 J 5 2.0 23,498,000 –738.74 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh Retrograde irregular (Carme) [7][8]
— S/2003 J 9 0.5 23,388,000 –733.30 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández Retrograde irregular (Carme) [7][8]
— S/2003 J 10 1.0 23,044,000 –716.25 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae?) [7][8]
— S/2003 J 12 0.5 17,833,000 –489.72 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [7][8]
— S/2003 J 15 1.0 22,630,000 –689.77 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández Retrograde irregular (Ananke?) [7][8]
— S/2003 J 16 1.0 20,956,000 –616.33 2003 Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [7][8]
— S/2003 J 17 1.0 22,983,000 –714.51 2003 Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen Retrograde irregular (Carme) [7][8]
— S/2003 J 18 1.0 20,426,000 –596.58 2003 Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [7][8]
— S/2003 J 19 1.0 23,535,000 –740.43 2003 Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen Retrograde irregular (Carme) [7][8]
— S/2003 J 23 1.0 23,566,000 –732.45 2004 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [7][8]

[edit] Saturn

Main article: Moons of Saturn

Saturn has 60 known moons.

Image Numeral Name Mean radius (km) Semi-major axis (km) Sidereal period (d) Discovery date Discovered by Notes Ref(s)
I Mimas 198.8 ± 1.5 185,540 +0.942 1789 Herschel Main group moon [7][8]
II Enceladus 252.3 ± 0.6 238,040 +1.370 1789 Herschel Main group moon [7][8]
III Tethys 536.3 ± 1.5 294,670 +1.888 1684 Cassini Main group moon [7][8]
IV Dione 562.5 ± 1.5 377,420 +2.737 1684 Cassini Main group moon [7][8]
V Rhea 764.5 ± 2.0 527,070 +4.518 1672 Cassini Main group moon [7][8]
VI Titan 2,575.5 ± 2.0 1,221,870 +15.95 1655 Huygens Main group moon [7][8]
VII Hyperion 133.0 ± 8.0 1,500,880 +21.28 1848 W.Bond, G. Bond, and Lassell Main group moon [7][8]
VIII Iapetus 734.5 ± 4.0 3,560,840 +79.33 1671 Cassini Main group moon [7][8]
IX Phoebe 106.6 ± 1.1 12,947,780 –550.31 1899 Pickering Retrograde irregular (Norse) [7][8]
X Janus 90.4 ± 3.0 151,460 +0.695 1966 Dollfus; Voyager 1 Inner moon (co-orbital) [7][8]
XI Epimetheus 58.3 ± 3.1 151,410 +0.694 1980 Walker; Voyager 1 Inner moon (co-orbital) [7][8]
XII Helene 16 ± 4 377,420 +2.737 1980 Laques, Lecacheux Main group trojan [7][8]
XIII Telesto 12 ± 3 294,710 +1.888 1980 Smith, Reitsema, Larson, Fountain (Voyager 1) Main group trojan [7][8]
XIV Calypso 9.5 ± 1.5 294,710 +1.888 1980 Pascu, Seidelmann, Baum, Currie Main group trojan [7][8]
XV Atlas 10 137,670 0.602 1980 Terrile (Voyager 1) Inner moon (shepherd) [7][8]
XVI Prometheus 46.8 ± 5.6 139,380 +0.613 1980 Collins (Voyager 1) Inner moon (shepherd) [7][8]
XVII Pandora 40.6 ± 4.5 141,720 +0.629 1980 Collins (Voyager 1) Inner moon (shepherd) [7][8]
XVIII Pan 12.8 133,580 +0.575 1990 Showalter (Voyager 2) Inner moon (shepherd) [7][8]
XIX Ymir 9 23,040,000 –1,315.14 2000 Gladman Retrograde irregular (Norse) [7][8]
XX Paaliaq 11 15,200,000 +686.95 2000 Gladman Prograde irregular (Inuit) [7][8]
XXI Tarvos 7.5 17,983,000 +926.23 2000 Gladman, Kavelaars Prograde irregular (Gallic) [7][8]
XXII Ijiraq 6 11,124,000 +451.42 2000 Gladman, Kavelaars Prograde irregular (Inuit) [7][8]
XXIII Suttungr 3.5 19,459,000 –1,016.67 2000 Gladman, Kavelaars Retrograde irregular (Norse) [7][8]
XXIV Kiviuq 8 11,110,000 +449.22 2000 Gladman Prograde irregular (Inuit) [7][8]
XXV Mundilfari 3.5 18,628,000 –952.77 2000 Gladman, Kavelaars Retrograde irregular (Norse) [7][8]
XXVI Albiorix 16 16,182,000 +783.45 2000 Holman, Spahr Prograde irregular (Gallic) [7][8]
XXVII Skathi 4 15,540,000 –728.20 2000 Gladman, Kavelaars Retrograde irregular (Norse) [7][8]
XXVIII Erriapus 5 17,343,000 +871.19 2000 Gladman, Kavelaars Prograde irregular (Gallic) [7][8]
XXIX Siarnaq 20 17,531,000 +895.53 2000 Gladman, Kavelaars Prograde irregular (Inuit) [7][8]
XXX Thrymr 3.5 20,314,000 –1,094.11 2000 Gladman, Kavelaars Retrograde irregular (Norse) [7][8]
XXXI Narvi 3.5 19,007,000 –1,003.86 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [7][8]
XXXII Methone 1.5 194,440 +1.010 2004 Porco, Charnoz, Brahic, Dones (Cassini-Huygens) Alcyonid moon [8]
XXXIII Pallene 2 212,280 +1.154 2004 Gordon, Murray and Beurle; Porco, Charnoz, Brahic, Dones (Cassini-Huygens) Alcyonid moon [8]
XXXIV Polydeuces 1.25 377,200 +2.737 2004 Porco et al. (Cassini-Huygens) Main group trojan [8]
XXXV Daphnis 3–4 136,500 +0.594 2005 Porco et al. (Cassini-Huygens) Inner moon (shepherd) [8]
XXXVI Aegir 3 20,751,000 –1,117.52 2004 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Retrograde irregular (Norse) [7][8]
XXXVII Bebhionn 3 17,119,000 +834.84 2004 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Prograde irregular (Inuit) [7][8]
XXXVIII Bergelmir ~6 19,336,000 –1,005.74 2004 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Retrograde irregular (Norse) [7][8]
XXXIX Bestla ~7 20,192,000 –1,088.72 2004 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Retrograde irregular (Norse) [7][8]
XL Farbauti 2.5 20,377,000 –1,085.55 2004 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Retrograde irregular (Norse) [7][8]
XLI Fenrir 2 22,454,000 –1,260.35 2004 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Retrograde irregular (Norse) [7][8]
XLII Fornjot 3 25,146,000 –1,494.20 2004 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Retrograde irregular (Norse) [7][8]
XLIII Hati 3 19,846,000 –1,038.61 2004 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Retrograde irregular (Norse) [7][8]
XLIV Hyrrokkin 4 18,437,000 –931.86 2006 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [8]
XLV Kari 3.5 22,089,000 –1,230.97 2006 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [8]
XLVI Loge 3 23,058,000 –1,311.36 2006 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [8]
XLVII Skoll 3 17,665,000 –878.29 2006 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [8]
XLVIII Surtur 3 22,704,000 –1,297.36 2006 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [8]
XLIX Anthe 1 197,700 1.0365 2007 Porco et al. (Cassini-Huygens) Alcyonid moon [citation needed]
L Jarnsaxa 3 18,811,000 –964.74 2006 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [8]
LI Greip 3 18,206,000 –921.19 2006 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [8]
LII Tarqeq 3.5 18,009,000 +887.48 2007 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Prograde irregular (Inuit) [8]
— S/2004 S 7 3 20,999,000 –1,140.24 2004 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Retrograde irregular (Norse) [7][8]
— S/2004 S 12 2.5 19,878,000 –1,046.19 2004 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Retrograde irregular (Norse) [7][8]
— S/2004 S 13 3 18,404,000 –933.48 2004 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Retrograde irregular (Norse) [7][8]
— S/2004 S 17 2 19,447,000 –1,014.70 2004 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Retrograde irregular (Norse) [7][8]
— S/2006 S 1 3 18,790,000 –963.37 2006 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [8]
— S/2006 S 3 3 22,096,000 –1,227.21 2006 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [8]
— S/2007 S 2 3 16,725,000 –808.08 2007 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [8]
— S/2007 S 3 3 18,975,000 –977.80 2007 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [8]

[edit] Uranus

Main article: Moons of Uranus

Uranus has 27 known moons.

Image Numeral Name Mean radius (km) Semi-major axis (km) Sidereal period (d) Discovery date Discovered by Notes Ref(s)
I Ariel 578.9 ± 0.6 190,900 2.520 1851 Lassell Main group moon [7][8]
II Umbriel 584.7 ± 2.8 266,000 4.144 1851 Lassell Main group moon [7][8]
III Titania 788.9 ± 1.8 436,300 8.706 1787 Herschel Main group moon [7][8]
IV Oberon 761.4 ± 2.6 583,500 13.46 1787 Herschel Main group moon [7][8]
V Miranda 235.8 ± 0.7 129,900 1.413 1948 Kuiper Main group moon [7][8]
VI Cordelia 20.1 ± 3 49,800 0.335 1986 Terrile (Voyager 2) Inner moon (shepherd) [7][8]
VII Ophelia 21.4 ± 4 53,800 0.376 1986 Terrile (Voyager 2) Inner moon (shepherd) [7][8]
VIII Bianca 25.7 ± 2 59,200 0.435 1986 Smith (Voyager 2) Inner moon [7][8]
IX Cressida 39.8 ± 2 61,800 0.464 1986 Synnott (Voyager 2) Inner moon [7][8]
X Desdemona 32.0 ± 4 62,700 0.474 1986 Synnott (Voyager 2) Inner moon [7][8]
XI Juliet 46.8 ± 4 64,400 0.493 1986 Synnott (Voyager 2) Inner moon [7][8]
XII Portia 67.6 ± 4 66,100 0.513 1986 Synnott (Voyager 2) Inner moon [7][8]
XIII Rosalind 36 ± 6 69,900 0.558 1986 Synnott (Voyager 2) Inner moon [7][8]
XIV Belinda 40.3 ± 8 75,300 0.624 1986 Synnott (Voyager 2) Inner moon [7][8]
XV Puck 81 ± 2 86,000 0.762 1985 Synnott (Voyager 2) Inner moon [7][8]
XVI Caliban 49 7,231,000 –579.73 1997 Gladman, Nicholson, Burns, Kavelaars Retrograde irregular [7][8]
XVII Sycorax 95 12,179,000 –1,288.30 1997 Gladman, Nicholson, Burns, Kavelaars Retrograde irregular [7][8]
XVIII Prospero 15 16,256,000 –1,978.29 1999 Gladman, Holman, Kavelaars, Petit, Scholl Retrograde irregular [7][8]
XIX Setebos 15 17,418,000 –2,225.21 1999 Gladman, Holman, Kavelaars, Petit, Scholl Retrograde irregular [7][8]
XX Stephano 10 8,004,000 –677.36 1999 Gladman, Holman, Kavelaars, Petit, Scholl Retrograde irregular [7][8]
XXI Trinculo 5 8,504,000 –749.24 2001 Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic Retrograde irregular [7][8]
XXII Francisco 6 4,276,000 –266.56 2001 Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic, Gladman Retrograde irregular [7][8]
XXIII Margaret 5.5 14,345,000 +1687.01 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt Prograde irregular [7][8]
XXIV Ferdinand 6 20,901,000 –2,887.21 2001 Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic; Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt Retrograde irregular [7][8]
XXV Perdita 10 76,417 0.638 1986 Karkoschka (Voyager 2) Inner moon [8]
XXVI Mab 5 97,736 0.923 2003 Showalter, Lissauer Inner moon [8]
XXVII Cupid 5 74,392 0.613 2003 Showalter, Lissauer Inner moon [8]

[edit] Neptune

Main article: Moons of Neptune

Neptune has 13 known moons.

Image Numeral Name Mean radius (km) Semi-major axis (km) Sidereal period (d) Discovery date Discovered by Notes Ref(s)
I Triton 1,353.4 ± 0.9 354,800 –5.877 1846 Lassell Main group moon (retrograde) [7][8]
II Nereid 170 ± 25 5,513,400 360.14 1949 Kuiper Prograde irregular [7][8]
III Naiad 33 ± 3 48,227 0.294 1989 Terrile (Voyager 2) Inner moon [7][8]
IV Thalassa 41 ± 3 50,075 0.311 1989 Terrile (Voyager 2) Inner moon [7][8]
V Despina 75 ± 3 52,526 0.335 1989 Synnott (Voyager 2) Inner moon [7][8]
VI Galatea 88 ± 4 61,953 0.429 1989 Synnott (Voyager 2) Inner moon [7][8]
VII Larissa 97 ± 3 73,548 0.555 1989 Reitsema, Hubbard, Lebofsky, Tholen (Voyager 2) Inner moon [7][8]
VIII Proteus 210 ± 7 117,647 1.122 1989 Synnott (Voyager 2) Inner moon [7][8]
IX Halimede 31 15,728,000 –1,879.71 2003 Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, Milisavljevic Retrograde irregular [7][8]
X Psamathe 20 46,695,000 –9,115.91 2003 Jewitt, Kleyna, Sheppard, Holman, Kavelaars Retrograde irregular [7][8]
XI Sao 22 22,422,000 2,914.07 2003 Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, Milisavljevic Prograde irregular [7][8]
XII Laomedeia 21 23,571,000 3,167.85 2003 Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, Milisavljevic Prograde irregular [7][8]
XIII Neso 30 48,387,000 –9,373.99 2003 Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, Milisavljevic Retrograde irregular [7][8]

[edit] Pluto

Main article: Moons of Pluto

Pluto has three known moons.

Image Numeral Name Mean radius (km) Semi-major axis (km) Sidereal period (d) Discovery date Discovered by Notes Ref(s)
I Charon 593. ± 13. 17,536 6.387 1978 Christy [7][8]
II Nix 23–67.5 48,708 24.86 2005 Weaver, Stern, Mutchler, Steffl, Buie, Merline, Spencer, Young, Young [8]
III Hydra 30.5–83.5 64,749 38.20 2005 Weaver, Stern, Mutchler, Steffl, Buie, Merline, Spencer, Young, Young [8]

[edit] Eris

Eris has one known moon, Dysnomia. Note that its radius is currently not known, but is expected to be of order 100 km.[29]

Image Numeral Name Mean radius (km) Semi-major axis (km) Sidereal period (d) Discovery date Discovered by Notes Ref(s)
I Dysnomia — 37,370 ± 150 15.774 ± 0.002 2005 Brown, van Dam, Bouchez, Le Mignant, Campbell, Chin, Conrad, Hartman, Johansson, Lafon, Rabinowitz, Stomski, Summers, Trujillo, and Wizinowich SDO moon [30][31]

[edit] References

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  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj Planetary Satellite Mean Orbital Parameters. JPL, NASA. Retrieved on 2008-03-09., and references therein.
  9. ^ Bieryla, Allyson; Parker, J. W.. "Search for Satellites around Ceres". 2007 AAS/AAPT Joint Meeting, American Astronomical Society Meeting 209, #25.02; Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society 38: 933. 
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  11. ^ Barnard, E. E. (1892). "Discovery and Observation of a Fifth Satellite to Jupiter". Astronomical Journal 12: 81–85. 
  12. ^ Crommelin, A. C. D. (10 March 1905). "Provisional Elements of Jupiter's Satellite VI". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 65 (5): 524–527. 
  13. ^ Perrine, C. D. (1905). "The Seventh Satellite of Jupiter". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 17 (101): 62–63. 
  14. ^ Melotte, P. J. (1908). "Note on the Newly Discovered Eighth Satellite of Jupiter, Photographed at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 68 (6): 456–457. 
  15. ^ Nicholson, S. B. (1914). "Discovery of the Ninth Satellite of Jupiter". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 26: 197–198. 
  16. ^ a b Nicholson, S.B. (1938). "Two New Satellites of Jupiter". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 50: 292–293. 
  17. ^ Nicholson, S. B. (1951). "An unidentified object near Jupiter, probably a new satellite". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 63 (375): 297–299. 
  18. ^ Kowal, C. T.; Aksnes, K.; Marsden, B. G.; and Roemer, E. (1974). "Thirteenth satellite of Jupiter". Astronomical Journal 80: pp. 460–464. 
  19. ^ Synnott, S.P. (1980). "1979J2: The Discovery of a Previously Unknown Jovian Satellite". Science 210 (4471): 786–788. 
  20. ^ Jewitt, D.C.; Danielson, G.E.; Synnott, S.P. (1979). "Discovery of a New Jupiter Satellite". Science 206: 951. 
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  22. ^ IAUC 7460: S/1999 J 1 (20 July 2000). Retrieved on 2008-03-13.
  23. ^ IAUC 2845: Probable New Satellite of Jupiter (3 October 1975). Retrieved on 2008-03-13.
  24. ^ IAUC 7525: S/1975 J 1 = S/2000 J 1 (25 November 2000). Retrieved on 2008-03-13.
  25. ^ a b c d e f g h i IAUC 7555: Satellites of Jupiter (5 January 2001). Retrieved on 2008-03-13.
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  28. ^ Sheppard, S. S.; Jewitt, D. C.; Porco, C.; (2004). in Fran Bagenal, Timothy E. Dowling, William B. McKinnon, Cambridge Planetary Science, Vol. 1: Jupiter's outer satellites and Trojans, in Jupiter: The planet, satellites and magnetosphere,. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 263–280. ISBN 0-521-81808-7. 
  29. ^ Johnston, Robert (21 August 2007). (136199) Eris and Dysnomia. Retrieved on 2008-03-12.
  30. ^ Brown, M. E.; Schaller, E. L. (2007). "The Mass of Dwarf Planet Eris". Science 316: 1585. doi:10.1126/science.1139415.  (Including supplementary material.)
  31. ^ Brown, M. E.; et al. (2006). "Satellites of the Largest Kuiper Belt Objects". Astrophysical Journal 639: L43–L46. 
Lists of Solar System objects
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Natural satellites of the Solar System
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Inner satellites · Irregular satellites · Trojan moons · List · List by diameter · Discovery timeline · Naming