List of mammals in the Netherlands
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of the mammal species recorded in the Netherlands. There are 77 mammal species in the Netherlands, of which 0 are critically endangered, 2 are endangered, 8 are vulnerable, and 3 are near-threatened.[1]
The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the IUCN:
EX | Extinct | No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. |
EW | Extinct in the wild | Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range. |
CR | Critically Endangered | The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild. |
EN | Endangered | The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. |
VU | Vulnerable | The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. |
NT | Near Threatened | The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future. |
LC | Least Concern | There are no current identifiable risks to the species. |
DD | Data Deficient | There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species. |
Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of Near Threatened and Least Concern categories:
LR/cd | Lower Risk/conservation dependent | Species which were the focus of conservation programmes and may have moved into a higher risk category if that programme was discontinued. |
LR/nt | Lower Risk/near threatened | Species which are close to being classified as Vulnerable but are not the subject of conservation programmes. |
LR/lc | Lower Risk/least concern | Species for which there are no identifiable risks. |
[edit] Subclass: Theria
[edit] Infraclass: Eutheria
[edit] Order: Rodentia (rodents)
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40 percent of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be keep short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (100 lb).
- Suborder: Sciurognathi
- Family: Castoridae (beavers)
-
- Genus: Castor
- European Beaver Castor fiber NT
- Genus: Castor
-
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
- Subfamily: Sciurinae
- Tribe: Sciurini
- Genus: Sciurus
- Red Squirrel Sciurus vulgaris NT
- Genus: Sciurus
- Tribe: Sciurini
- Subfamily: Sciurinae
- Family: Gliridae (dormice)
- Subfamily: Leithiinae
- Genus: Eliomys
- Garden dormouse Eliomys quercinus VU
- Genus: Muscardinus
- Hazel Dormouse Muscardinus avellanarius LR/nt
- Genus: Eliomys
- Subfamily: Leithiinae
- Family: Cricetidae
- Subfamily: Cricetinae
- Genus: Cricetus
- European Hamster Cricetus cricetus LR/lc
- Genus: Cricetus
- Subfamily: Arvicolinae
- Genus: Arvicola
- Water Vole Arvicola terrestris LR/lc
- Genus: Clethrionomys
- Bank Vole Clethrionomys glareolus LR/lc
- Genus: Microtus
- Field Vole Microtus agrestis LR/lc
- Common Vole Microtus arvalis LR/lc
- Tundra Vole Microtus oeconomus LC
- European Pine Vole Microtus subterraneus LR/lc
- Genus: Arvicola
- Subfamily: Cricetinae
- Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.)
- Subfamily: Murinae
- Genus: Apodemus
- Yellow-necked Mouse Apodemus flavicollis LR/lc
- Wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus LC
- Genus: Micromys
- Harvest Mouse Micromys minutus LR/nt
- Genus: Apodemus
- Subfamily: Murinae
- Family: Castoridae (beavers)
[edit] Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)
The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early twentieth century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.
- Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
- Genus: Oryctolagus
- European Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus LR/lc
- Genus: Lepus
- European Hare Lepus europaeus LR/lc
- Genus: Oryctolagus
[edit] Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)
The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.
- Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs)
- Subfamily: Erinaceinae
- Genus: Erinaceus
- West European Hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus LR/lc
- Genus: Erinaceus
- Subfamily: Erinaceinae
[edit] Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and soledons)
The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mmmals. The shrews and soledons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout bodied burrowers.
- Family: Soricidae (shrews)
- Subfamily: Crocidurinae
- Genus: Crocidura
- Bicolored Shrew Crocidura leucodon LR/lc
- Greater White-toothed Shrew Crocidura russula LC
- Genus: Crocidura
- Subfamily: Soricinae
- Tribe: Nectogalini
- Genus: Neomys
- Eurasian Water Shrew Neomys fodiens LR/lc
- Genus: Neomys
- Tribe: Soricini
- Genus: Sorex
- Common Shrew Sorex araneus LR/lc
- Crowned Shrew Sorex coronatus LR/lc
- Eurasian Pygmy Shrew Sorex minutus LR/lc
- Genus: Sorex
- Tribe: Nectogalini
- Subfamily: Crocidurinae
- Family: Talpidae (moles)
- Subfamily: Talpinae
- Tribe: Talpini
- Genus: Talpa
- European Mole Talpa europaea LR/lc
- Genus: Talpa
- Tribe: Talpini
- Subfamily: Talpinae
[edit] Order: Chiroptera (bats)
The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals in the world naturally capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
- Family: Vespertilionidae
- Subfamily: Myotinae
- Genus: Myotis
- Bechstein's Bat Myotis bechsteini VU
- Brandt's Bat Myotis brandti LR/lc
- Pond Bat Myotis dasycneme VU
- Daubenton's bat Myotis daubentonii LR/lc
- Geoffroy's Bat Myotis emarginatus VU
- Greater Mouse-eared Bat Myotis myotis LR/nt
- Whiskered bat Myotis mystacinus LR/lc
- Natterer's bat Myotis nattereri LR/lc
- Genus: Myotis
- Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
- Genus: Barbastella
- Barbastelle Barbastella barbastellus VU
- Genus: Eptesicus
- Northern Bat Eptesicus nilssoni LR/lc
- Serotine bat Eptesicus serotinus LR/lc
- Genus: Nyctalus
- Lesser Noctule Nyctalus leisleri LR/nt
- Common Noctule Nyctalus noctula LR/lc
- Genus: Pipistrellus
- Nathusius' Pipistrelle Pipistrellus nathusii LR/lc
- Common Pipistrelle Pipistrellus pipistrellus LC
- Genus: Plecotus
- Brown long-eared bat Plecotus auritus LR/lc
- Grey long-eared bat Plecotus austriacus LR/lc
- Genus: Vespertilio
- Parti-coloured bat Vespertilio murinus LR/lc
- Genus: Barbastella
- Subfamily: Myotinae
- Family: Rhinolophidae
- Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
- Genus: Rhinolophus
- Greater Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus ferrumequinum LR/nt
- Genus: Rhinolophus
- Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
[edit] Order: Cetacea (whales)
The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.
- Suborder: Mysticeti
- Family: Balaenidae
- Genus: Eubalaena
- North Atlantic Right Whale Eubalaena glacialis EN
- Genus: Eubalaena
- Family: Balaenopteridae
- Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
- Genus: Balaenoptera
- Minke Whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata LR/nt
- Genus: Balaenoptera
- Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
- Family: Eschrichtiidae
- Genus: Eschrichtius
- Gray Whale Eschrichtius robustus LR/cd
- Genus: Eschrichtius
- Family: Balaenidae
- Suborder: Odontoceti
- Superfamily: Platanistoidea
- Family: Monodontidae
- Genus: Monodon
- Narwhal Monodon monoceros DD
- Genus: Delphinapterus
- Beluga Delphinapterus leucas VU
- Genus: Monodon
- Family: Phocoenidae
- Genus: Phocoena
- Harbour Porpoise Phocoena phocoena VU
- Genus: Phocoena
- Family: Physeteridae
- Genus: Physeter
- Sperm Whale Physeter macrocephalus VU
- Genus: Physeter
- Family: Kogiidae
- Genus: Kogia
- Pygmy Sperm Whale Kogia breviceps LR/lc
- Genus: Kogia
- Family: Ziphidae
- Subfamily: Hyperoodontidae
- Genus: Hyperoodon
- Bottlenose whale Hyperoodon ampullatus LR/cd
- Genus: Mesoplodon
- Sowerby's Beaked Whale Mesoplodon bidens DD
- Gray's Beaked Whale Mesoplodon grayi DD
- Genus: Hyperoodon
- Subfamily: Hyperoodontidae
- Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
- Genus: Tursiops
- Bottlenose Dolphin Tursiops truncatus DD
- Genus: Stenella
- Striped Dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba LR/cd
- Genus: Delphinus
- Common dolphin Delphinus delphis LR/lc
- Genus: Lagenorhynchus
- Atlantic White-sided Dolphin Lagenorhynchus acutus LR/lc
- White-beaked Dolphin Lagenorhynchus albirostris LR/lc
- Genus: Grampus
- Risso's Dolphin Grampus griseus DD
- Genus: Globicephala
- Pilot whale Globicephala melas LR/lc
- Genus: Tursiops
- Family: Monodontidae
- Superfamily: Platanistoidea
[edit] Order: Carnivora (carnivores)
The carnivores include over 260 species, the majority of which eat meat as their primary dietary item. Carnivores have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.
- Suborder: Feliformia
- Family: Viverridae (civets, mongooses, etc.)
- Subfamily: Viverrinae
- Genus: Genetta
- Common Genet Genetta genetta LR/lc
- Genus: Genetta
- Subfamily: Viverrinae
- Family: Viverridae (civets, mongooses, etc.)
- Suborder: Caniformia
- Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
- Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
- Genus: Mustela
- Stoat Mustela erminea LR/lc
- European Mink Mustela lutreola EN
- Least Weasel Mustela nivalis LR/lc
- European Polecat Mustela putorius LR/lc
- Genus: Martes
- Beech Marten Martes foina LR/lc
- Pine Marten Martes martes LR/lc
- Genus: Meles
- Eurasian Badger Meles meles LR/lc
- Genus: Lutra
- European Otter Lutra lutra NT
- Genus: Mustela
- Family: Odobenidae
- Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
- Genus: Phoca
- Common Seal Phoca vitulina LR/lc
- Genus: Phoca
[edit] Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.
[edit] Notes
- ^ This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institute, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
[edit] References
- The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Mammals of the Netherlands. IUCN (2001). Retrieved on 22 May 2007.
- Mammal Species of the World. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (2005). Retrieved on 22 May 2007.
- Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (1995-2006). Retrieved on 22 May 2007.