List of mammals in Somalia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Somalia. There are 177 mammal species in Somalia, of which 2 are critically endangered, 1 is endangered, 12 are vulnerable, and 4 are near-threatened.[1]
The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the IUCN:
EX | Extinct | No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. |
EW | Extinct in the wild | Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range. |
CR | Critically Endangered | The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild. |
EN | Endangered | The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. |
VU | Vulnerable | The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. |
NT | Near Threatened | The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future. |
LC | Least Concern | There are no current identifiable risks to the species. |
DD | Data Deficient | There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species. |
Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of Near Threatened and Least Concern categories:
LR/cd | Lower Risk/conservation dependent | Species which were the focus of conservation programmes and may have moved into a higher risk category if that programme was discontinued. |
LR/nt | Lower Risk/near threatened | Species which are close to being classified as Vulnerable but are not the subject of conservation programmes. |
LR/lc | Lower Risk/least concern | Species for which there are no identifiable risks. |
[edit] Subclass: Theria
[edit] Infraclass: Eutheria
[edit] Order: Afrosoricida (tenrecs and golden moles)
The order Afrosoricida contains the golden moles of southern Africa and the tenrecs of Madagascar and Africa, two families of small mammals that were traditionally part of the order Insectivora.
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- Family: Chrysochloridae
- Subfamily: Amblysominae
- Genus: Calcochloris
- Somali Golden Mole Calcochloris tytonis DD
- Genus: Calcochloris
- Subfamily: Amblysominae
- Family: Chrysochloridae
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[edit] Order: Macroscelidea (elephant-shrews)
Often called sengisi, the elephant shrews or jumping shrews are native to southern Africa. Their common English name derives from their elongated flexible snout and their resemblance to the true shrews.
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- Family: Macroscelididae (elephant-shrews)
- Genus: Elephantulus
- Somali Sengi Elephantulus revoili DD
- Rufous Sengi Elephantulus rufescens LC
- Genus: Elephantulus
- Family: Macroscelididae (elephant-shrews)
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[edit] Order: Tubulidentata (aardvarks)
The order Tubulidentata consists of a single species, the Aardvark. Tubulidentata are characterised by their teeth which lack a pulp cavity and form thin tubes which are continuously worn down and replaced.
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- Family: Orycteropodidae
- Genus: Orycteropus
- Aardvark Orycteropus afer LC
- Genus: Orycteropus
- Family: Orycteropodidae
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[edit] Order: Hyracoidea (hyraxes)
The hyraxes are any of four species of fairly small, thickset, herbivorous mammals in the order Hyracoidea. About the size of a domestic cat they are well-furred, with rounded bodies and a stmpy tail. They are native to Africa and the Middle East.
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- Family: Procaviidae (hylaxes)
- Genus: Heterohyrax
- Yellow-spotted Rock Hyrax Heterohyrax brucei LC
- Genus: Procavia
- Cape Hyrax Procavia capensis LC
- Genus: Heterohyrax
- Family: Procaviidae (hylaxes)
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[edit] Order: Proboscidea (elephants)
The elephants comprise three living species and are the largest living land animals.
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- Family: Elephantidae (elephants)
- Genus: Loxodonta
- African Bush Elephant Loxodonta africana VU
- Genus: Loxodonta
- Family: Elephantidae (elephants)
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[edit] Order: Sirenia (manatees and dugongs)
Sirenia is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries, coastal marine waters, swamps, and marine wetlands. All four species are endangered.
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- Family: Dugongidae
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[edit] Order: Primates
The order Primates contains all the species commonly related to the lemurs, monkeys, and apes, with the latter category including humans. It is divided informally into three main groupings: prosimians, monkeys of the New World, and monkeys and apes of the Old World.
- Suborder: Strepsirrhini
- Infraorder: Lorisiformes
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- Family: Galagidae
- Genus: Galago
- Somali Galago Galago gallarum LR/nt
- Zanzibar Bushbaby Galago zanzibaricus LR/nt
- Genus: Otolemur
- Northern Greater Galago Otolemur garnettii LR/lc
- Genus: Galago
- Family: Galagidae
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- Infraorder: Lorisiformes
- Suborder: Haplorrhini
- Infraorder: Simiiformes
- Parvorder: Catarrhini
- Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea
- Family: Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys)
- Genus: Erythrocebus
- Patas Monkey Erythrocebus patas LR/lc
- Genus: Cercopithecus
- Chlorocebus Cercopithecus aethiops LR/lc
- Blue Monkey Cercopithecus mitis LR/lc
- Genus: Papio
- Olive Baboon Papio anubis LR/lc
- Yellow Baboon Papio cynocephalus LR/lc
- Hamadryas Baboon Papio hamadryas LR/nt
- Genus: Erythrocebus
- Family: Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys)
- Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea
- Parvorder: Catarrhini
- Infraorder: Simiiformes
[edit] Order: Rodentia (rodents)
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40 percent of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be keep short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (100 lb).
- Suborder: Hystricognathi
- Family: Bathyergidae
- Genus: Heterocephalus
- Naked Mole Rat Heterocephalus glaber LC
- Genus: Heterocephalus
- Family: Hystricidae (Old World porcupines)
- Genus: Hystrix
- Crested Porcupine Hystrix cristata LC
- Genus: Hystrix
- Family: Bathyergidae
- Suborder: Sciurognathi
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
- Subfamily: Xerinae
- Tribe: Xerini
- Genus: Xerus
- Unstriped Ground Squirrel Xerus rutilus LC
- Genus: Xerus
- Tribe: Protoxerini
- Genus: Paraxerus
- Ochre Bush Squirrel Paraxerus ochraceus LC
- Red Bush Squirrel Paraxerus palliatus LC
- Genus: Paraxerus
- Tribe: Xerini
- Subfamily: Xerinae
- Family: Dipodidae (jerboas)
- Subfamily: Dipodinae
- Genus: Jaculus
- Lesser Egyptian Jerboa Jaculus jaculus LC
- Genus: Jaculus
- Subfamily: Dipodinae
- Family: Spalacidae
- Subfamily: Tachyoryctinae
- Genus: Tachyoryctes
- East African Mole Rat Tachyoryctes splendens LC
- Genus: Tachyoryctes
- Subfamily: Tachyoryctinae
- Family: Nesomyidae
- Subfamily: Cricetomyinae
- Genus: Saccostomus
- Mearns's Pouched Mouse Saccostomus mearnsi LC
- Genus: Saccostomus
- Subfamily: Cricetomyinae
- Family: Cricetidae
- Subfamily: Lophiomyinae
- Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.)
- Subfamily: Deomyinae
- Genus: Acomys
- Fiery Spiny Mouse Acomys ignitus LC
- Kemp's Spiny Mouse Acomys kempi LC
- Louise's Spiny Mouse Acomys louisae LC
- Mullah Spiny Mouse Acomys mullah LC
- Percival's Spiny Mouse Acomys percivali LC
- Wilson's Spiny Mouse Acomys wilsoni LC
- Genus: Acomys
- Subfamily: Gerbillinae
- Genus: Ammodillus
- Ammodile Ammodillus imbellis DD
- Genus: Gerbillus
- Gerbillus acticola DD
- Brockman's Gerbil Gerbillus brockmani DD
- Somalia Gerbil Gerbillus dunni DD
- Gerbillus juliani LC
- Rosalinda Gerbil Gerbillus rosalinda DD
- Gerbillus ruberrimus LC
- Gerbillus somalicus DD
- Genus: Microdillus
- Somali Pygmy Gerbil Microdillus peeli LC
- Genus: Tatera
- Black-tailed Gerbil Tatera nigricauda LC
- Phillip's Gerbil Tatera phillipsi LC
- Fring-tailed Gerbil Tatera robusta LC
- Genus: Taterillus
- Harrington's Tateril Taterillus harringtoni LC
- Genus: Ammodillus
- Subfamily: Murinae
- Genus: Arvicanthis
- Somali Grass Rat Arvicanthis somalicus DD
- Genus: Grammomys
- Gray-headed Thicket Rat Grammomys caniceps DD
- Genus: Mastomys
- Natal Multimammate Mouse Mastomys natalensis LC
- Genus: Mus
- Delicate Mouse Mus tenellus LC
- Genus: Myomyscus
- Brockman's Myomyscus Myomyscus brockmani LC
- Genus: Thallomys
- Acacia rat Thallomys paedulcus LC
- Genus: Arvicanthis
- Subfamily: Deomyinae
- Family: Ctenodactylidae
- Genus: Pectinator
- Speke's Pectinator Pectinator spekei DD
- Genus: Pectinator
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
[edit] Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)
The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early twentieth century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.
- Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
- Genus: Lepus
- Cape Hare Lepus capensis LR/lc
- Abyssinian Hare Lepus habessinicus LR/lc
- Genus: Lepus
[edit] Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)
The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.
- Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs)
- Subfamily: Erinaceinae
- Genus: Atelerix
- Four-toed Hedgehog Atelerix albiventris LR/lc
- Somali Hedgehog Atelerix sclateri LR/lc
- Genus: Hemiechinus
- Desert Hedgehog Hemiechinus aethiopicus LR/lc
- Genus: Atelerix
- Subfamily: Erinaceinae
[edit] Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and soledons)
The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mmmals. The shrews and soledons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout bodied burrowers.
- Family: Soricidae (shrews)
- Subfamily: Crocidurinae
- Genus: Crocidura
- Greenwood's Shrew Crocidura greenwoodi LC
- Macarthur's Shrew Crocidura macarthuri LC
- Dwarf White-toothed Shrew Crocidura nana DD
- Desert Musk Shrew Crocidura smithii LC
- Somali Shrew Crocidura somalica LC
- Savanna Path Shrew Crocidura viaria LC
- Voi Shrew Crocidura voi LC
- Yankari Shrew Crocidura yankariensis LC
- Genus: Crocidura
- Subfamily: Crocidurinae
[edit] Order: Chiroptera (bats)
The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals in the world naturally capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
- Family: Pteropodidae (flying foxes, Old World fruit bats)
- Subfamily: Pteropodinae
- Genus: Eidolon
- Straw-coloured Fruit Bat Eidolon helvum LC
- Genus: Epomophorus
- East African Epauletted Fruit Bat Epomophorus minimus LC
- Wahlberg's Epauletted Fruit Bat Epomophorus wahlbergi LC
- Genus: Eidolon
- Subfamily: Pteropodinae
- Family: Vespertilionidae
- Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
- Genus: Eptesicus
- Botta's Serotine Eptesicus bottae LC
- Genus: Glauconycteris
- Butterfly Bat Glauconycteris variegata LC
- Genus: Hypsugo
- Eisentraut's Pipistrelle Hypsugo eisentrauti DD
- Genus: Neoromicia
- Cape Serotine Neoromicia capensis LC
- Heller's Pipistrelle Neoromicia helios DD
- Banana Pipistrelle Neoromicia nanus LC
- Rendall's Serotine Neoromicia rendalli LC
- Somali Serotine Neoromicia somalicus LC
- Genus: Nycticeinops
- Schlieffen's Twilight Bat Nycticeinops schlieffeni LC
- Genus: Pipistrellus
- Egyptian Pipistrelle Pipistrellus deserti LC
- Kuhl's Pipistrelle Pipistrellus kuhlii LC
- Genus: Scotoecus
- White-bellied Lesser House Bat Scotoecus albigula DD
- Hinde's Lesser House Bat Scotoecus hindei DD
- Dark-winged Lesser House Bat Scotoecus hirundo DD
- Genus: Scotophilus
- African Yellow Bat Scotophilus dinganii LC
- Genus: Eptesicus
- Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
- Family: Rhinopomatidae
- Genus: Rhinopoma
- Lesser Mouse-tailed Bat Rhinopoma hardwickei LC
- Macinnes's Mouse-tailed Bat Rhinopoma macinnesi VU
- Genus: Rhinopoma
- Family: Molossidae
- Genus: Chaerephon
- Little Free-tailed Bat Chaerephon pumila LC
- Genus: Mops
- Angolan Free-tailed Bat Mops condylurus LC
- Genus: Chaerephon
- Family: Emballonuridae
- Genus: Coleura
- African Sheath-tailed Bat Coleura afra LC
- Genus: Taphozous
- Hamilton's Tomb Bat Taphozous hamiltoni NT
- Mauritian Tomb Bat Taphozous mauritianus LC
- Naked-rumped Tomb Bat Taphozous nudiventris LC
- Egyptian Tomb Bat Taphozous perforatus LC
- Genus: Coleura
- Family: Nycteridae
- Genus: Nycteris
- Nycteris aurita DD
- Hairy Slit-Faced Bat Nycteris hispida LC
- Parissi's Slit-Faced Bat Nycteris parisii DD
- Egyptian Slit-Faced Bat Nycteris thebaica LC
- Genus: Nycteris
- Family: Megadermatidae
- Genus: Cardioderma
- Heart-nosed Bat Cardioderma cor LC
- Genus: Lavia
- Yellow-winged bat Lavia frons LC
- Genus: Cardioderma
- Family: Rhinolophidae
- Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
- Genus: Rhinolophus
- Blasius's Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus blasii NT
- Geoffroy's Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus clivosus LC
- Eloquent Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus eloquens DD
- RÜppell's Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus fumigatus LC
- Hildebrandt's Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus hildebrandti LC
- Lander's Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus landeri LC
- Genus: Rhinolophus
- Subfamily: Hipposiderinae
- Genus: Asellia
- Trident Leaf-nosed Bat Asellia tridens LC
- Genus: Hipposideros
- Sundevall's Roundleaf Bat Hipposideros caffer LC
- nopage Hipposideros marungensis NT
- Ethiopian Large-eared Roundleaf Bat Hipposideros megalotis NT
- Genus: Triaenops
- Persian Trident Bat Triaenops persicus LC
- Genus: Asellia
- Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
[edit] Order: Pholidota (pangolins)
The order Philodota comprises the eight species of pangolin. Pangolins are anteaters and have the powerful claws, elongated snout and long tongue seen in the other unrelated anteater species.
- Family: Manidae
- Genus: Manis
- Ground Pangolin Manis temminckii LR/nt
- Genus: Manis
[edit] Order: Cetacea (whales)
The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.
- Suborder: Odontoceti
- Superfamily: Platanistoidea
- Family: Kogiidae
- Genus: Kogia
- Pygmy Sperm Whale Kogia breviceps LR/lc
- Dwarf Sperm Whale Kogia sima LR/lc
- Genus: Kogia
- Family: Ziphidae
- Subfamily: Hyperoodontidae
- Genus: Indopacetus
- Longman's Beaked Whale Indopacetus pacificus DD
- Genus: Mesoplodon
- Blainville's Beaked Whale Mesoplodon densirostris DD
- Ginkgo-toothed Beaked Whale Mesoplodon ginkgodens DD
- Genus: Indopacetus
- Subfamily: Hyperoodontidae
- Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
- Genus: Steno
- Rough-toothed Dolphin Steno bredanensis DD
- Genus: Sousa
- Genus: Tursiops
- Bottlenose Dolphin Tursiops aduncus DD
- Genus: Stenella
- Spinner Dolphin Stenella longirostris LR/cd
- Genus: Lagenodelphis
- Fraser's Dolphin Lagenodelphis hosei DD
- Genus: Feresa
- Pygmy Killer Whale Feresa attenuata DD
- Genus: Steno
- Family: Kogiidae
- Superfamily: Platanistoidea
[edit] Order: Carnivora (carnivores)
The carnivores include over 260 species, the majority of which eat meat as their primary dietary item. Carnivores have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.
- Suborder: Feliformia
- Family: Felidae (cats)
- Family: Viverridae (civets, mongooses, etc.)
- Subfamily: Viverrinae
- Genus: Civettictis
- African Civet Civettictis civetta LR/lc
- Genus: Genetta
- Abyssinian Genet Genetta abyssinica DD
- Common Genet Genetta genetta LR/lc
- Genus: Civettictis
- Subfamily: Viverrinae
- Family: Herpestidae (mongooses)
- Genus: Atilax
- Marsh Mongoose Atilax paludinosus LR/lc
- Genus: Galerella
- Slender Mongoose Galerella sanguinea LR/lc
- Genus: Helogale
- Ethiopian Dwarf Mongoose Helogale hirtula LR/lc
- Common Dwarf Mongoose Helogale parvula LR/lc
- Genus: Ichneumia
- White-tailed Mongoose Ichneumia albicauda LR/lc
- Genus: Mungos
- Banded Mongoose Mungos mungo LR/lc
- Genus: Atilax
- Family: Hyaenidae (hyaenas)
- Genus: Crocuta
- Spotted Hyena Crocuta crocuta LR/cd
- Genus: Hyaena
- Striped Hyena Hyaena hyaena LR/nt
- Genus: Proteles
- Aardwolf Proteles cristatus LR/lc
- Genus: Crocuta
- Suborder: Caniformia
- Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
- Genus: Vulpes
- Rueppell's Fox Vulpes rueppelli DD
- Genus: Canis
- Side-striped Jackal Canis adustus LC
- Golden Jackal Canis aureus LC
- Black-backed Jackal Canis mesomelas LC
- Genus: Otocyon
- Bat-eared Fox Otocyon megalotis LC
- Genus: Vulpes
- Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
- Genus: Ictonyx
- Striped Polecat Ictonyx striatus LR/lc
- Genus: Mellivora
- Ratel Mellivora capensis LR/lc
- Genus: Ictonyx
- Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
[edit] Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)
The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.
- Family: Equidae (horses etc.)
- Genus: Equus
- African Wild Ass Equus africanus CR
- Burchell's Zebra Equus burchellii LC
- Grevy's Zebra Equus grevyi EN
- Genus: Equus
[edit] Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.
- Family: Suidae (pigs)
- Subfamily: Phacochoerinae
- Genus: Phacochoerus
- Subfamily: Suinae
- Genus: Potamochoerus
- Bushpig Potamochoerus larvatus LR/lc
- Genus: Potamochoerus
- Subfamily: Phacochoerinae
- Family: Hippopotamidae (hippopotamuses)
- Genus: Hippopotamus
- Hippopotamus Hippopotamus amphibius VU
- Genus: Hippopotamus
- Family: Giraffidae (giraffe, okapi)
- Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
- Subfamily: Alcelaphinae
- Genus: Alcelaphus
- Hartebeest Alcelaphus buselaphus LR/cd
- Genus: Damaliscus
- Topi Damaliscus lunatus LR/cd
- Genus: Beatragus
- Hirola Beatragus hunteri CR
- Genus: Alcelaphus
- Subfamily: Antilopinae
- Genus: Ammodorcas
- Dibatag Ammodorcas clarkei VU
- Genus: Dorcatragus
- Beira (antelope) Dorcatragus megalotis VU
- Genus: Gazella
- Dorcas Gazelle Gazella dorcas VU
- Grant's Gazelle Gazella granti LR/cd
- Soemmerring's Gazelle Gazella soemmerringii VU
- Speke's Gazelle Gazella spekei VU
- Genus: Litocranius
- Gerenuk Litocranius walleri LR/cd
- Genus: Madoqua
- Kirk's Dik-dik Madoqua kirkii LR/lc
- Silver Dik-dik Madoqua piacentinii VU
- Salt's Dik-dik Madoqua saltiana LR/lc
- Genus: Oreotragus
- Klipspringer Oreotragus oreotragus LR/cd
- Genus: Ourebia
- Oribi Ourebia ourebi LR/cd
- Genus: Ammodorcas
- Subfamily: Bovinae
- Genus: Syncerus
- African Buffalo Syncerus caffer LR/cd
- Genus: Tragelaphus
- Lesser Kudu Tragelaphus imberbis LR/cd
- Bushbuck Tragelaphus scriptus LR/lc
- Greater Kudu Tragelaphus strepsiceros LR/cd
- Genus: Syncerus
- Subfamily: Cephalophinae
- Genus: Cephalophus
- Harvey's Duiker Cephalophus harveyi LR/cd
- Genus: Sylvicapra
- Common Duiker Sylvicapra grimmia LR/lc
- Genus: Cephalophus
- Subfamily: Hippotraginae
- Subfamily: Reduncinae
- Subfamily: Alcelaphinae
[edit] Notes
- ^ This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institute, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
[edit] References
- The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Mammals of Somalia. IUCN (2001). Retrieved on 22 May 2007.
- Mammal Species of the World. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (2005). Retrieved on 22 May 2007.
- Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (1995-2006). Retrieved on 22 May 2007.