List of mammals in Chile
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Chile. There are 143 mammal species in Chile, of which 2 are critically endangered, 6 are endangered, 14 are vulnerable, and 4 are near-threatened.[1]
The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the IUCN:
EX | Extinct | No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. |
EW | Extinct in the wild | Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range. |
CR | Critically Endangered | The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild. |
EN | Endangered | The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. |
VU | Vulnerable | The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. |
NT | Near Threatened | The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future. |
LC | Least Concern | There are no current identifiable risks to the species. |
DD | Data Deficient | There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species. |
Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of Near Threatened and Least Concern categories:
LR/cd | Lower Risk/conservation dependent | Species which were the focus of conservation programmes and may have moved into a higher risk category if that programme was discontinued. |
LR/nt | Lower Risk/near threatened | Species which are close to being classified as Vulnerable but are not the subject of conservation programmes. |
LR/lc | Lower Risk/least concern | Species for which there are no identifiable risks. |
Contents |
[edit] Subclass: Theria
[edit] Infraclass: Eutheria
[edit] Order: Cingulata (armadillos)
The armadillos are small mammals with a bony armored shell. There are around 20 extant species.They are native to the Americas. There are around 20 extant species.
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- Family: Dasypodidae (armadillos)
- Subfamily: Euphractinae
- Genus: Chaetophractus
- Andean Hairy Armadillo Chaetophractus nationi VU
- Screaming Hairy Armadillo Chaetophractus vellerosus LC
- Large Hairy Armadillo Chaetophractus villosus LC
- Genus: Zaedyus
- Pichi Zaedyus pichiy NT
- Genus: Chaetophractus
- Subfamily: Euphractinae
- Family: Dasypodidae (armadillos)
[edit] Order: Rodentia (rodents)
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40 percent of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be keep short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (100 lb).
- Suborder: Hystricognathi
- Family: Chinchillidae (viscachas and chinchillas)
- Genus: Chinchilla
- Short-tailed Chinchilla Chinchilla brevicaudata CR
- Chinchilla Chinchilla lanigera VU
- Genus: Lagidium
- Southern Viscacha Lagidium viscacia DD
- Wolffsohn's Viscacha Lagidium wolffsohni LR/nt
- Genus: Chinchilla
- Family: Caviidae (guinea pigs)
- Subfamily: Caviinae
- Genus: Cavia
- Montane Guinea Pig Cavia tschudii LR/lc
- Genus: Galea
- Common Yellow-toothed Cavy Galea musteloides LR/lc
- Genus: Microcavia
- Southern Mountain Cavy Microcavia australis LR/lc
- Andean Mountain Cavy Microcavia niata LR/lc
- Genus: Cavia
- Subfamily: Caviinae
- Family: Ctenomyidae
- Genus: Ctenomys
- Tawny Tuco-tuco Ctenomys fulvus LR/lc
- Magellanic Tuco-tuco Ctenomys magellanicus VU
- Maule Tuco-tuco Ctenomys maulinus LR/lc
- Highland Tuco-tuco Ctenomys opimus LR/lc
- Genus: Ctenomys
- Family: Octodontidae
- Genus: Aconaemys
- Chilean Rock Rat Aconaemys fuscus LR/lc
- Sage's Rock Rat Aconaemys sagei LR/lc
- Genus: Octodon
- Bridges's Degu Octodon bridgesi LR/lc
- Degu Octodon degus LR/lc
- Moon-toothed Degu Octodon lunatus LR/lc
- nopage Octodon pacificus VU
- Genus: Octodontomys
- Mountain Degu Octodontomys gliroides LR/lc
- Genus: Spalacopus
- Coruro Spalacopus cyanus LR/lc
- Genus: Aconaemys
- Family: Abrocomidae
- Genus: Abrocoma
- Bennett's Chinchilla Rat Abrocoma bennettii LR/lc
- Ashy Chinchilla Rat Abrocoma cinerea LR/lc
- Genus: Abrocoma
- Family: Myocastoridae (coypus)
- Family: Chinchillidae (viscachas and chinchillas)
- Suborder: Sciurognathi
- Family: Cricetidae
- Subfamily: Sigmodontinae
- Genus: Akodon
- White-bellied Grass Mouse Akodon albiventer LR/lc
- Bolivian Grass Mouse Akodon boliviensis LR/lc
- Hershkovitz's Grass Mouse Akodon hershkovitzi LR/lc
- Woolly Grass Mouse Akodon lanosus LR/lc
- Long-haired Grass Mouse Akodon longipilis LR/lc
- Markham's Grass Mouse Akodon markhami LR/lc
- Olive Grass Mouse Akodon olivaceus LR/lc
- Sanborn's Grass Mouse Akodon sanborni LR/lc
- Yellow-nosed Grass Mouse Akodon xanthorhinus LR/lc
- Genus: Andinomys
- Andean Mouse Andinomys edax LR/lc
- Genus: Auliscomys
- Bolivian Big-eared Mouse Auliscomys boliviensis LR/lc
- Southern Big-eared Mouse Auliscomys micropus LR/lc
- Andean Big-eared Mouse Auliscomys sublimis LR/lc
- Genus: Calomys
- Andean Vesper Mouse Calomys lepidus LR/lc
- Genus: Chelemys
- Andean Long-clawed Mouse Chelemys macronyx LR/lc
- Large Long-clawed Mouse Chelemys megalonyx LR/lc
- Genus: Chinchillula
- Altiplano Chincilla Mouse Chinchillula sahamae LR/lc
- Genus: Chroeomys
- Andean Altiplano Mouse Chroeomys andinus LR/lc
- Genus: Eligmodontia
- Morgan's Gerbil Mouse Eligmodontia morgani LR/lc
- Andean Gerbil Mouse Eligmodontia puerulus LR/lc
- Highland Gerbil Mouse Eligmodontia typus LR/lc
- Genus: Euneomys
- Patagonian Chincilla Mouse Euneomys chinchilloides LR/lc
- Biting Chincilla Mouse Euneomys mordax LR/lc
- Peterson's Chincilla Mouse Euneomys petersoni LR/lc
- Genus: Galenomys
- Gerlepp's Mouse Galenomys garleppi LR/lc
- Genus: Geoxus
- Long-clawed Mole Mouse Geoxus valdivianus LR/lc
- Genus: Irenomys
- Chilean Climbing Mouse Irenomys tarsalis LR/lc
- Genus: Neotomys
- Andean Swamp Rat Neotomys ebriosus LR/lc
- Genus: Oligoryzomys
- Long-tailed Pygmy Rice Rat Oligoryzomys longicaudatus LR/lc
- Magellanic Pygmy Rice Rat Oligoryzomys magellanicus LR/lc
- Genus: Pearsonomys
- nopage Pearsonomys annectens DD
- Genus: Phyllotis
- Darwin's Leaf-eared Mouse Phyllotis darwini LR/lc
- Master Leaf-eared Mouse Phyllotis magister LR/lc
- Osgood's Leaf-eared Mouse Phyllotis osgoodi LR/lc
- Yellow-rumped Leaf-eared Mouse Phyllotis xanthopygus LR/lc
- Genus: Reithrodon
- Bunny Rat Reithrodon auritus LR/lc
- Genus: Akodon
- Subfamily: Sigmodontinae
- Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.)
- Subfamily: Murinae
- Genus: Rattus
- Polynesian Rat Rattus exulans LR/lc
- Genus: Rattus
- Subfamily: Murinae
- Family: Cricetidae
[edit] Order: Chiroptera (bats)
The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals in the world naturally capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
- Family: Vespertilionidae
- Subfamily: Myotinae
- Genus: Myotis
- Silver-tipped Myotis Myotis albescens LR/lc
- Atacama Myotis Myotis atacamensis VU
- Chilean Myotis Myotis chiloensis LR/nt
- Genus: Myotis
- Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
- Genus: Histiotus
- Big-eared Brown Bat Histiotus macrotus LR/nt
- Small Big-eared Brown Bat Histiotus montanus LR/lc
- Genus: Lasiurus
- Desert red bat Lasiurus blossevillii LR/lc
- Hoary bat Lasiurus cinereus LR/lc
- Genus: Histiotus
- Subfamily: Myotinae
- Family: Molossidae
- Genus: Eumops
- Western mastiff bat Eumops perotis LR/lc
- Genus: Mormopterus
- Kalinowski's Mastiff Bat Mormopterus kalinowskii VU
- Genus: Tadarida
- Mexican Free-tailed Bat Tadarida brasiliensis LR/nt
- Genus: Eumops
- Family: Phyllostomidae
- Subfamily: Stenodermatinae
- Genus: Sturnira
- Little Yellow-shouldered Bat Sturnira lilium LR/lc
- Genus: Sturnira
- Subfamily: Desmodontinae
- Genus: Desmodus
- Common Vampire Bat Desmodus rotundus LR/lc
- Genus: Desmodus
- Subfamily: Stenodermatinae
- Family: Furipteridae
- Genus: Amorphochilus
- Smokey Bat Amorphochilus schnablii VU
- Genus: Amorphochilus
[edit] Order: Cetacea (whales)
The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.
- Suborder: Mysticeti
- Family: Balaenidae
- Genus: Eubalaena
- Southern Right Whale Eubalaena australis LR/cd
- Genus: Eubalaena
- Family: Balaenopteridae
- Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
- Genus: Balaenoptera
- Minke Whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata LR/nt
- Sei Whale Balaenoptera borealis EN
- Bryde's Whale Balaenoptera edeni DD
- Blue Whale Balaenoptera musculus EN
- Genus: Balaenoptera
- Subfamily: Megapterinae
- Genus: Megaptera
- Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae VU
- Genus: Megaptera
- Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
- Family: Neobalaenidae
- Genus: Caperea
- Pygmy Right Whale Caperea marginata LR/lc
- Genus: Caperea
- Family: Balaenidae
- Suborder: Odontoceti
- Superfamily: Platanistoidea
- Family: Phocoenidae
- Genus: Phocoena
- Spectacled Porpoise Phocoena dioptrica DD
- Burmeister's Porpoise Phocoena spinipinnis DD
- Genus: Phocoena
- Family: Physeteridae
- Genus: Physeter
- Sperm Whale Physeter macrocephalus VU
- Genus: Physeter
- Family: Kogiidae
- Genus: Kogia
- Pygmy Sperm Whale Kogia breviceps LR/lc
- Dwarf Sperm Whale Kogia sima LR/lc
- Genus: Kogia
- Family: Ziphidae
- Genus: Ziphius
- Cuvier's Beaked Whale Ziphius cavirostris DD
- Genus: Berardius
- Giant beaked whale Berardius arnuxii LR/cd
- Genus: Tasmacetus
- Shepherd's Beaked Whale Tasmacetus shepherdi DD
- Subfamily: Hyperoodontidae
- Genus: Hyperoodon
- Bottlenose whale Hyperoodon planifrons LR/cd
- Genus: Mesoplodon
- Blainville's Beaked Whale Mesoplodon densirostris DD
- Ginkgo-toothed Beaked Whale Mesoplodon ginkgodens DD
- Gray's Beaked Whale Mesoplodon grayi DD
- Hector's Beaked Whale Mesoplodon hectori DD
- Layard's Beaked Whale Mesoplodon layardii DD
- Genus: Hyperoodon
- Genus: Ziphius
- Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
- Genus: Cephalorhynchus
- Commerson's Dolphin Cephalorhynchus commersonii DD
- Chilean Dolphin Cephalorhynchus eutropia DD
- Genus: Tursiops
- Bottlenose Dolphin Tursiops truncatus DD
- Genus: Stenella
- Spinner Dolphin Stenella longirostris LR/cd
- Genus: Delphinus
- Common dolphin Delphinus capensis LR/lc
- Common dolphin Delphinus delphis LR/lc
- Genus: Lagenorhynchus
- Peale's Dolphin Lagenorhynchus australis DD
- Hourglass Dolphin Lagenorhynchus cruciger LR/lc
- Dusky Dolphin Lagenorhynchus obscurus DD
- Genus: Lissodelphis
- Southern Right Whale Dolphin Lissodelphis peronii DD
- Genus: Grampus
- Risso's Dolphin Grampus griseus DD
- Genus: Pseudorca
- False Killer Whale Pseudorca crassidens LR/lc
- Genus: Orcinus
- Orca Orcinus orca LR/cd
- Genus: Globicephala
- Pilot whale Globicephala melas LR/lc
- Genus: Cephalorhynchus
- Family: Phocoenidae
- Superfamily: Platanistoidea
[edit] Order: Carnivora (carnivores)
The carnivores include over 260 species, the majority of which eat meat as their primary dietary item. Carnivores have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.
- Suborder: Feliformia
- Family: Felidae (cats)
- Subfamily: Felinae
- Genus: Leopardus
- Andean Mountain Cat Leopardus jacobitus EN
- Genus: Oncifelis
- Chilean Pampa Cat Oncifelis colocolo NT
- Geoffroy's Cat Oncifelis geoffroyi NT
- Kodkod Oncifelis guigna VU
- Genus: Puma
- Cougar Puma concolor NT
- Genus: Leopardus
- Subfamily: Felinae
- Family: Felidae (cats)
- Suborder: Caniformia
- Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
- Genus: Pseudalopex
- Culpeo Pseudalopex culpaeus LC
- Darwin's Fox Pseudalopex fulvipes CR
- Argentine Grey Fox Pseudalopex griseus LC
- Genus: Pseudalopex
- Family: Procyonidae (raccoons)
- Genus: Nasua
- Coatimundi Nasua nasua LR/lc
- Genus: Nasua
- Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
- Genus: Galictis
- Lesser Grison Galictis cuja LR/lc
- Genus: Lyncodon
- Patagonian Weasel Lyncodon patagonicus LR/lc
- Genus: Lontra
- Marine Otter Lontra felina EN
- Southern River Otter Lontra provocax EN
- Genus: Galictis
- Family: Otariidae (eared seals, sealions)
- Genus: Arctocephalus
- South American Fur Seal Arctocephalus australis LR/lc
- Antarctic Fur Seal Arctocephalus gazella LR/lc
- Juan Fernandez Fur Seal Arctocephalus philippii VU
- Subantarctic Fur Seal Arctocephalus tropicalis LR/lc
- Genus: Otaria
- South American Sea Lion Otaria flavescens LR/lc
- Genus: Arctocephalus
- Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
- Genus: Hydrurga
- Leopard Seal Hydrurga leptonyx LR/lc
- Genus: Leptonychotes
- Weddell Seal Leptonychotes weddellii LR/lc
- Genus: Mirounga
- Southern Elephant Seal Mirounga leonina LR/lc
- Genus: Hydrurga
- Family: Mephitidae
- Genus: Conepatus
- Molina's Hog-nosed Skunk Conepatus chinga LR/lc
- Humboldt's Hog-nosed Skunk Conepatus humboldtii LR/lc
- Genus: Conepatus
- Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
[edit] Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.
- Family: Camelidae (camels, llamas)
- Family: Cervidae (deer)
- Subfamily: Capreolinae
- Genus: Hippocamelus
- Peruvian Huemul Hippocamelus antisensis DD
- South Andean Huemul Hippocamelus bisulcus EN
- Genus: Pudu
- Pudú Pudu puda VU
- Genus: Hippocamelus
- Subfamily: Capreolinae
[edit] Infraclass: Metatheria
[edit] Order: Didelphimorphia (common opossumsa)
Didelphimorphia is the order of common opossums of the Western Hemisphere. Opossums probably diverged from the basic South American marsupials in the late Cretaceous or early Paleocene.They are small to medium-sized marsupials, about the size of a large house cat, with a long snout and prehensile tail.
- Family: Didelphidae (American opossums)
- Subfamily: Didelphinae
- Genus: Thylamys
- Elegant Fat-tailed Opossum Thylamys elegans LR/lc
- Genus: Thylamys
- Subfamily: Didelphinae
[edit] Order: Paucituberculata (shrew opossums)
There are six extant species of shrew opossum. They are small shrew-like marsupials confined to the Andes.
- Family: Caenolestidae
- Genus: Rhyncholestes
- Long-nosed Shrew Opossum Rhyncholestes raphanurus VU
- Genus: Rhyncholestes
[edit] Order: Microbiotheria (Monito del Monte)
The Monito del Monte is the only extant member of its family and the only surviving member of an ancient order, the Microbiotheria.
- Family: Microbiotheriidae
- Genus: Dromiciops
- Monito del Monte Dromiciops gliroides VU
- Genus: Dromiciops
[edit] Notes
- ^ This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institute, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
[edit] References
- The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Mammals of Chile. IUCN (2001). Retrieved on 22 May 2007.
- Mammal Species of the World. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (2005). Retrieved on 22 May 2007.
- Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (1995-2006). Retrieved on 22 May 2007.