List of hooligan firms

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This article provides a list of recognised hooligan firms or football firms, which are groups that have been verified as participating in football hooliganism or other sports-related hooliganism.

Football hooliganism has no legal definition. The term football hooliganism was created by the British media, particularly the tabloid press in the 1960s. Football hooliganism tends to be seen as simply meaning violence and/or disorder involving football fans.^[1] However, the University of Liverpool's Football Advisory Group, which conducts academic research into the social, economic, historical, business, cultural and political aspects of football in the United Kingdom and other countries,^[2] distinguishes two very specific types of football hooliganism. The first being "Spontaneous and usually low level disorder caused by fans at or around football matches". The second being "Deliberate and intentional violence involving organised gangs (or firms) who attach themselves to football clubs and fight firms from other clubs, sometimes a long way in time and space from a match".^[1] It is the second type, football hooligan firms, which this list comprises.

1 Firms
2 See also
3 References
4 External links

[edit] Firms

Organised football hooligan firms exist in a number of countries. Whilst in countries such as England and Poland firms are clearly defined, in South America the situation is less clear cut. Therefore for groups in South America, see Barra Brava and Torcida.

[edit] England

Arsenal – Gooners, The Herd^[3]
Aston Villa – Villa Youth, Steamers, Villa Hardcore, C-Crew^[4]
Birmingham City – Zulus^[5]
Blackpool – The Muckers^[6]
Bradford City – The Ointment^[7]
Bristol City – City Service Firm^[8]
Burnley – Suicide Squad ^[9]
Carlisle United – Border City Firm ^[10]
Chelsea – Headhunters^[11]
Coventry City – The Legion^[12]
Derby County – Derby Lunatic Fringe^[13]
Everton – County Road Cutters^[14]
Huddersfield Town – Huddersfield Young Casuals^[15]
Hull City – Hull City Psychos^[16]
Leeds United – Leeds United Service Crew^[17]
Leicester City – Baby Squad^[18]
Liverpool – The Urchins^[19]
Luton Town – The MIGs^[20]
Manchester City – Guvnors^[21]
Manchester United – The Red Army ^[22]
Middlesbrough – The Frontline^[23]
Millwall – Bushwackers^[24]
Newcastle United F.C. – Newcastle Gremlins^[25]
Nottingham Forest F.C. – Forest Executive Crew^[26]
Norwich City – Norwich Hit Squad^[27]
Oldham Athletic – Fine Young Casuals^[28]
Plymouth Argyle – The Central Element^[29]
Portsmouth – 6.57 Crew^[30]
Preston North End – Preston Para Squad^[31]
Queens Park Rangers – Bushbabies^[32]
Sheffield United – Blades Business Crew^[33]^[34]
Sheffield Wednesday – Owls Crime Squad^[35]
Southend United – CS Crew^[36]
Stoke City – Naughty Forty^[37]
Sunderland – Seaburn Casuals^[25]
Swindon Town – The Aggro Boys; Swindon Active Service (SAS)^[38]
Tottenham Hotspur – Yid Army^[39]
West Bromwich Albion – Section Five^[40]
West Ham United – Inter City Firm^[41]
Wolverhampton Wanderers – Subway Army^[42]

[edit] France

Paris Saint-Germain – Commando Pirate,^[43] Casual Firm, Indépendants^[44]

[edit] Israel

Beitar Jerusalem – La Familia^[45]

[edit] Northern Ireland

Linfield – Section F^[46]

[edit] Norway

S.K. Brann – Bergen Casuals^[47]
I.K. Start – Christianssands Herreekvipasje^[48]
Vålerenga I.F. Fotball – Enga Casuals^[49]

[edit] Poland

Ruch Chorzów – Psychofans^[50]
Lechia Gdańsk – Młode Orły^[50]
Wisła Kraków – Sharks^[50] Devils^[51]
Cracovia Kraków – Jude Gang^[50] ; Antywisła^[51]
Lech Poznań – Brygada Banici^[50] ; Young Freaks '98 ^[52]
Widzew Łódź – Destroyers^[50]
Śląsk Wrocław – Fighters^[50]
Legia Warszawa – Teddy Boys 95^[50]
Pogoń Szczecin – Terror Corps^[50]

[edit] Russia

CSKA Moscow – Gallant Steads^[53]
Spartak Moscow – Gladiators^[53]
Zenit Saint Petersburg – Music Hall ^[53]

[edit] Scotland

Aberdeen – Aberdeen Soccer Casuals^[54]
Airdrie United – Section B^[55]
Celtic – Celtic Soccer Crew^[56]
Dundee & Dundee United F.C. – The Utility^[54]
Heart of Midlothian – Casual Soccer Firm^[57]
Hibernian – Capital City Service ^[57]
Motherwell – Saturday Service^[54]
Rangers – Inter City Firm ^[56]

[edit] Sweden

AIK – Firman Boys^[58];Baby Boys^[59]

AIK Young Boys^[60]

BS BolticGöta/Degerfors IF/Färjestads BK – Värmlandsalliansen^[61]
Djurgårdens IF – Djurgårdens Fina Grabbar,^[60] Djurgårdens Mindre Grabbar,^[60] Djurgårdens Yngsta^[60]
GAIS – Gärningsmännen,^[60] Gais Yngre^[60]
IFK Göteborg – Wisemen,^[60] Gothenburg Youth Division^[60] Youth Crew Gothenburg^[60]
Hammarby IF – Kompisgänget Bajen,^[60] Bajen Baby Squad^[62] Bajens Yngsta^[62]
Örgryte IS –, Red Fanz Klan ^[62]
Helsingborgs IF – Frontline,^[62] Helsingborgs Yngre (HBGY)^[62]
Kalmar FF – Kalmarfamiljen^[63]
Linköpings HC – Cluben Casuals^[64]
Malmö FF – Sky Blue Crew^[62]
Västerås SK – VSK Casuals^[65]

[edit] Wales

Cardiff City – Soul Crew^[66]
Swansea City – Swansea Jacks^[67]

[edit] See also

[edit] References

^ ^a ^b Pearson, Geoff. "FIG Factsheet Four - hooliganism", What is football hooliganism?, University of Liverpool Football Industry Group, December, 2007. Retrieved on 2008-03-22.
^ The work of the Football Industry Group. University of Liverpool Football Industry Group. Retrieved on 2008-03-22.
^ Lowles, Nick; Andy Nicholls (2005). Hooligans: A-L of Britain's Football Gangs. Wrea Green: Milo Books, 25. ISBN 1903854415.
^ Brown, Danny; Milo Brittle (2006). Villains: The Inside Story of Aston Villa's Hooligan Gangs. Wrea Green: Milo Books. ISBN 978-1903854594.
^ Gall, Carolin (2005). Zulus: A Football Hooligan Gang. Wrea Green: Milo Books. ISBN 1-903854-48-2.
^ Stocks, Rob. "Hooligans not welcome here", Blackpool Gazette, 2006-11-23. Retrieved on 2006-11-23.
^ "Police prove they're on the ball at Moss Rose", Macclesfield Express, 2001-08-29. Retrieved on 2007-08-05.
^ Lowles, Nick; Andy Nicholls (2005). Hooligans: A-L of Britain's Football Gangs. Wrea Green: Milo Books, 94. ISBN 1903854415.
^ Porter, Andrew (2005). Suicide Squad: The story of a hooligan firm. Wrea Green: Milo Books. ISBN 978-1903854464.
^ McNee (1999). England's number One. P.I.G. ISBN 10096661030X.
^ Ward, Colin; Hickmott, Steve (2000). Armed for the Match: The Troubles and Trials of the Chelsea Headhunters. London: Headline Books. ISBN 0-7472-6292-6.
^ Lowles, Nick; Andy Nicholls (2005). Hooligans: A-L of Britain's Football Gangs. Wrea Green: Milo Books, 174. ISBN 1903854415.
^ "Match ban after football violence", BBC News, 2004-11-29. Retrieved on 2007-04-04.
^ Nicholls, Andy (2004). Scally: Confessions of a Category C Football Hooligan. Wrea Green: Milo Books. ISBN 1903854253.
^ "Bremner statue targeted by vandals", Huddersfield Daily. Retrieved on 2008-03-15.
^ Tordoff, Shaun (2002). City Psychos: From the Monte Carlo Mob to the Silver Cod Squad, Four Decades of Terrace Terror. Wrea Green: Milo Books. ISBN 1-903854-13-X.
^ Brown, Jonathan; Garner, Richard. "London Bombings: Muslim fears of revenge attacks grow", The Independent, 2005-07-16. Retrieved on 2006-10-13.
^ "Hooligans troublespots - Leicester City", BBC News. Retrieved on 2007-08-13.
^ Lowles, Nick; Andy Nicholls (2005). Hooligans: The A-L of Britain's Football Hooligan Gangs. Wrea Green: Milo Books, 305. ISBN 1903854415.
^ Robinson, Tommy (2006). MIG Down. Pennant Books Ltd. ISBN 978-0955039409.
^ Francis, Michael; Walsh, Peter (1997-12-03). Guvnors: Story of a Soccer Hooligan Gang by the Man Who Led It. Milo Books. ISBN 095308471X.
^ O'Neill, Tony (2004). Red Army General: The Inside Story of the World's Most Infamous Football Firm. Wrea Green: Milo Books. ISBN 1-903854-32-6.
^ Debrick, Paul (2005). The Brick: A Hooligan's Story. Wrea Green: Milo Books. ISBN 1-903854-47-4.
^ "Injured officer describes 'battlefield'", BBC News, 2002-05-03. Retrieved on 2007-04-04.
^ ^a ^b "Fight like 'scene from Braveheart'", BBC News, 2002-03-12. Retrieved on 2008-01-16.
^ Clarke, Gary (2005). Inside the Forest Executive Crew. Headhunter. ISBN 978-0954854232.
^ Nicholls, Andy; Nick Lowles (2006). Hooligans Volume 2: The M-Z of Britain's Football Hooligan gangs. London: Milo Books. ISBN 1903854644.
^ "Hooligans troublespots - Oldham Athletic", BBC News. Retrieved on 2007-08-13.
^ "Five jailed over attack on fans", BBC News, 2005-09-18. Retrieved on 2007-07-21.
^ Pennant, Cass; Silvester, Rob (2004). Rolling with the 6.57 Crew. Blake Publishing. ISBN 978-1844540723.
^ "Football violence website collapses", Lancashire Evening Post, 2003-05-26. Retrieved on 2007-01-18.
^ Nicholls, Andy; Nick Lowles (2006). HOOLIGANS VOL.2: M-Z of Britain's Football Hooligan Gangs. London: Milo Books. ISBN 1903854644.
^ "Hooligans troublespots - Sheffield United", BBC News, 2002. Retrieved on 2007-08-13.
^ Cowens, Steve; Heaton, Paul (2001). Blades Business Crew: The Inside Story of a Football Hooligan Gang. Wrea Green: Milo Books. ISBN 978-0953084784.
^ Allen, Paul; Naylor, Douglas (2005). Flying with the Owls Crime Squad. London: John Blake. ISBN 1-84454-093-6.
^ "South Essex: We'll stop Euro 2004 hooligans", Clacton Gazette, 2004-03-23. Retrieved on 2008-05-25.
^ McMullan, Laura. "Reformed Naughty Forty hooligan tells his tale", BBC, 2003-10-01. Retrieved on 2007-01-01.
^ "Not so beautiful", Swindon Advertiser, 2006-06-21. Retrieved on 2008-02-14.
^ "Hooligans", BBC, 2002. Retrieved on 2007-03-03.
^ Kelly, John. "Woz on the telly: Bunch of cowards", The Sunday Mirror, 2002-05-19. Retrieved on 2007-08-13.
^ Pennant, Cass (2003). Congratulations You Have Just Met the ICF. Blake Publishing. ISBN 978-1904034858.
^ "Hooligans troublespots - Wolverhampton Wanderers", BBC News. Retrieved on 2007-08-13.
^ Thiolay, Boris. "Moi Fred hooligan du PSG", l'Express, 2003-05-08. Retrieved on 2006-11-09.
^ Pugmire, Jerome. "Racist insults infiltrate French soccer stadium", The Boston - Bay State Banner, 2006-04-20. Retrieved on 2006-11-09.
^ "200 Rockets, riots and rivalry", The Guardian, 2006-11-26. Retrieved on 2007-05-20.
^ Mcguigan, Ciaran. "Police closing in on vicious gang", Belfast Telegraph, 2008-04-06. Retrieved on 2008-04-29.
^ Olsen, Bjørn Thomas. "Gjengoppgjør midt i sentrum", Bergensavisen, 2006-04-30. Retrieved on 2007-09-16. ((Norwegian))
^ Olsen, Thomas. "Vi ble tatt på senga", Nettavissen. Retrieved on 2007-08-27. ((Norwegian))
^ Johnsen, Nilas. "Fotballpøblene truer klubben", Dagsavisen, 2006-12-05. Retrieved on 2007-10-11. ((Norwegian))
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ "Chuligani i szalikowcy. Trochę prawdy o kibicach", Gazeta Razem, 2006-05-08. Retrieved on 2007-10-05. (Polish)
^ ^a ^b Smoleński, Paweł. "Na stadionie jest przecież spokojnie", Gazeta Wyborcza, 2006-04-15. Retrieved on 2006-11-26. (Polish)
^ Wozińska, Ewa. "Niech zwycięża Lech!", Gazeta Poznańska. (Polish)
^ ^a ^b ^c {{cite show |last=Day |first=Peter |title=The Real Football Factories |publisher=Bravo |date=2006
^ ^a ^b ^c Didcock, Barry. "Casuals: The Lost Tribe of Britain", Sunday Herald, 2005-05-08. Retrieved on 2006-10-13.
^ Dowdalls, Alex. "Airdrie fan banned from every UK football ground", The Scotsman, 2006-11-17. Retrieved on 2007-08-05.
^ ^a ^b O'Kane, John. "No beef with United in my 21 years in Celtic hooligan firm", Scotsman, 2006-09-10. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
^ ^a ^b McEwen, Alan. "Police hunt city derby casuals", The Scotsman, 2006-10-24. Retrieved on 2007-08-05.
^ Mikael Priks (2007-06-01). "Are thugs affected by external nuisance? Evidence from the Swedish hooligan scene." (PDF). Retrieved on 2007-08-21.
^ Walmsley, Andrew. "Social nuances hold sway in search (30 seconds on hooliganism)", TMCnet News, 2007-08-08. Retrieved on 2007-08-21.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Höglund, Johan (2005). En av grabbarna. Stockholm: MMG Books. ISBN 91-975367-1-7.
^ Karlsson, Emil. ""Kicken är obeskrivlig"", Expressen, 2006-11-13. Retrieved on 2006-11-13.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Orrenius, Johan. "Enorma slagsmål och droger", Expressen, 2006-09-03. Retrieved on 2006-09-03.
^ "Våldet närmar sig Kalmar FF", Sveriges Radio, 2005-10-22. Retrieved on 2006-09-03.
^ "Ny "firma" bakom våld vid LHC-matcher", Östgöta Correspondenten, 2006-01-10. Retrieved on 2006-09-03.
^ "Vissa VSK-supportrar bara ute för att slåss", Sveriges Television, 2005-07-14. Retrieved on 2006-09-03.
^ "Cardiff and the hooligan element", BBC News, 2003-05-17. Retrieved on 2007-05-05.
^ King, Martin; Tooze, Andrew (2007-11-08). The Swansea Jacks: From Skinheads to Stone Island - Forty Years of One of Britain's Most Notorious Hooligan Gangs. Manchester: Headhunter Books. ISBN 1906085056.

[edit] External links

Hooli-News Latest hooligan-related news and information from around the world.
Three-part BBC2 investigation on football firms from 2002
Running with the 'Naughty Forty', part of the BBC2 2002 investigation